经济金融术语汉英对照表

经济金融术语汉英比立表〔表一〕A平安网safetynetoncomparablebasis按可比口径按轻重缓toprioritize急暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营业tolicense;tograntalicenseto执照totakedeposits办理存款业务toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce保卫农民的生产积极性备付金excessreserves〔超额预备金〕consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts 本外币并账sterilizationoperation本外币对冲操作本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-dotaxavoidance避税〔请见“逃税〞〕币种搭配currencymismatch不当币种构成currencycomposition变相社会disguisedirregular〔orillegal〕fundraising集资off-balance-sheetitems〔operation〕表外科目〔业务〕薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholesfixedcost不变本钞票不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestateproblemloans；non-performingloans〔assets〕不良贷款〔资产〕C财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficitfiscalpressureonthecentralbank〔overmonetarypolicy〕财政挤银行财政政策coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies与货币政策的配合inaphasedandsequencedmanner采取循序渐进的方法操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销率currentperiodinventory;〔即期库存，不含前期库存〕sales/outputratio 产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds敞口头寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包销underwrite〔securities〕completesetsofequipment;completeplant〔s〕成套机电产品urbancreditcooperatives〔UCCs〕都市信用社都市合作urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks银行municipalcommercialbanks都市商业银行realgrowthinhouseholdincome城乡居民收进增长超过物价涨幅持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置本钞replacementcost票重组方案restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccesscanalizationofexports出口统一治理、回口经营出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits〔不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

经济金融术语汉英对照表Y-ZY养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application；non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款（商业贷款）commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资（热钱） hot money有市场的产品marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款 overdue loans；past-due loans与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis； on a monthly basis Z再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank 在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓deceleration of growth；moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value-added tax（VAT）涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate；excessive growth账外账 concealed accounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment；consolidation政策工具policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款funding of securities purchase支付困难payment difficulty支付能力 payment capacity直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions 职业道德 professional ethics指令性措施 mandatory measures指令性计划 mandatory plan；administered plan制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy；to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响 lagged effect中介机构 intermediaries中央与地方财政delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设key construction projects；key investment project周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle周转速度 velocity主办银行 main bank主权风险 sovereign risk注册资本registered capital逐步到位 to phase in；phased implementation逐步取消 to phase out 抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked转贷 on-lending转轨经济 transition economy 转机 turnaround转折关头 turning point准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit准货币quasi-money资本不足 under-capitalized资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资本利润率return on capital资本账户可兑换capital account convertibility资不抵债insolvent；insolvency资产负债表 balance sheet资产负债率 liability/asset ratio；ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中 asset concentration资产贡献率 asset contribution factor资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）资产质量 asset quality资产组合 asset portfolio资金成本 cost of funding；cost of capital；financing cost资金到位 fully funded （project）资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds资金利用率 fund utilization rate资金缺口financing gap资金体外循环 financial disintermediation资金占压 funds tied up自筹投资项目 self-financed projects自有资金 equity fund综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator综合治理 comprehensive adjustment （retrenchment）；over-haul总成交额 total contract value总交易量 total amount of transactions总成本 total cost最后贷款人 lender of last resort1 2 3 4 5 6。

按轻重缓急暗补暗亏颁发营业执照办理存款业务保护农民的生产积极性备付金（超额准备金）本外币并账本外币对冲操作本位利益奔小康避税币种搭配不当币种构成变相社会集资表外科目（业务）薄弱环节不变成本不变价不动产不良贷款（资产）财务公司财政赤字财政挤银行财政政策与货币政策的配合采取循序渐进的方法操作弹性操纵汇率产品构成产品积压产销率产销衔接产业政策长期国债敞口头寸炒股承购包销成套机电产品城市信用社城市合作银行城市商业银行城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅持续升温重复布点重置成本重组计划筹资渠道初见成效出口统一管理、归口经营出口退税储蓄存款从价税从紧控制存贷款比例存款保险体系存款货币银行存款准备金打白条大额存单大额提现大面积滑坡大一统的银行体制呆账（请见“坏账”）呆账准备金呆滞贷款贷款沉淀贷款分类贷款限额管理贷款约束机制代理国库代理金融机构贷款戴帽贷款倒逼机制道德风险地区差别第一产业第二产业第三产业递延资产订货不足定期存款定向募集东道国（请见“母国”）独立核算短期国债对冲操作对非金融部门债权多种所有制形式恶性通货膨胀二级市场发行货币发行总股本法定准备金法人股法人股东法治房地产投资放松银根非现场稽核非银行金融机构非赢利性机构分税制风险暴露（风险敞口）风险管理风险意识风险资本比例风险资本标准服务事业收入扶贫负增长复式预算制改革试点杠杆率杠杆收购高息集资个人股根本扭转公开市场操作公款私存公用事业公有经济公有制工业成本利润率工业增加值供大于求鼓励措施股份合作企业股份制企业股份制银行固定资产贷款关税减免关税减让关税优惠规范行为规模效益国计民生国家对个人其他支出国家风险国际分工国际收支国有独资商业银行国有经济（部门）国有企业国有制国有资产流失国债回购国债一级自营商过度竞争过度膨胀过热迹象合理预期核心资本合资企业红利宏观经济运营良好宏观调控宏观调控目标坏账还本付息换汇成本汇兑在途汇兑支出汇率并轨活期存款汇率失调混合所有制货币政策态势货款拖欠基本建设投资基本经济要素基本适度基准利率机关团体存款机会成本激励机制积压严重挤提存款挤占挪用技改投资技术密集型产品计划单列市计划经济集体经济加大结构调整力度加工贸易加快态势加强税收征管稽查加权价价格放开价格形成机制减亏简化手续交投活跃缴存准备金结构扭曲结构失调结构性矛盾突出结构优化结汇、售汇金融脆弱金融动荡金融风波金融恐慌金融危机金融压抑金融衍生物金融诈骗紧缩银根经常账户可兑换经济特区经济体制改革经济增长方式的转变经济增长减速经济制裁经营自主权景气回升境外投资竞争加剧局部性金融风波开办人民币业务可维持（可持续）经济增长可变成本可自由兑换货币控制现金投放扣除物价因素库存产品跨国银行业务跨年度采购会计准则来料加工离岸银行业务理顺外贸体制利率杠杆的调节作用利润驱动利息回收率联行清算连锁企业良性循环两极分化零售物价指数流动性比例流动资产周转率/流通速度流动资金贷款流通体制流通网络留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）垄断行业乱集资乱收费乱摊派买方市场卖方市场卖出回购证券贸易差额民间信用免二减三明补明亏名牌产品母国（请见“东道国”）内部审计内地与香港内债扭亏为盈扭曲金融分配农副产品采购支出农村信用社泡沫效应泡沫经济培育新的经济增长点片面追求发展速度平衡发展瓶颈制约平稳回升铺底流动资金普遍回升配套改革配套人民币资金企业办社会企业集团战略企业兼并重组企业领导班子企业所得税企业效益企业资金违规流入股市欠税欠息强化税收征管强制措施翘尾因素切一刀清理收回贷款（破产）清算倾斜政策区别对待趋势加强全球化权益回报率缺乏后劲绕规模贷款人均国内生产总值人均收入人民币升值压力认缴资本软贷款软预算约束软着陆三角债善政廉政商业贷款上市公司设备利用社会保障审批金融机构审慎监管生产能力闲置生息资产实际利用外资实际有效汇率实时实收资本实现利润市场分割市场经济市场占有率（市场份额）市场准入市价总值适度从紧适时调节收回对金融机构贷款税后还贷税收流失税源不足私营经济（私人经济）私有制所有者权益逃税套汇剔除季节性因素调节流动性贴现窗口同比同业拆借（放）同业拆借市场利率（中国）同业融通票据同业往来透支退税头寸吞吐基础货币脱媒现象外部审计外国直接投资外汇储备外汇调剂外汇占款外向型经济外债外资企业完善现代企业制度完税凭证违法经营委托存款稳步增长稳健的银行系统稳中求进物价监测吸纳流动性稀缺经济洗钱系统内调度系统性金融危机下岗工人下游企业现场稽核现金滞留（居民手中）乡镇企业消费物价指数消费税消灭财政赤字销货款回笼销售平淡协议外资金额新经济增长点新开工项目新增贷款新增就业位置信贷规模考核信号失真信托投资公司信息不对称信息反馈信息共享系统信息披露信用扩张信用评级姓“资”还是姓“社”行政措施需求膨胀虚伪存款削减冗员寻租迅速反弹养老基金一刀切一级市场应收未收利息银行网点赢利能力营业税硬贷款（商业贷款）用地审批有管理的浮动汇率证券投资游资（热钱）有市场的产品有效供给诱发新一轮经济扩张逾期贷款与国际市场接轨预算外支出（收入）预调月环比再贷款在国际金融机构储备头寸在人行存款在途资金增加农业投入增势减缓增收节支措施增长平稳增值税涨幅偏高账外账折旧整顿政策工具政策性业务政策性银行政策组合政府干预证券交易清算证券业务占款支付困难支付能力直接调控方式向间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德指令性措施指令性计划制定和实施货币政策滞后影响中介机构中央与地方财政分灶吃饭重点建设周期谷底周转速度主办银行主权风险注册资本逐步到位逐步取消抓大放小专款专用转贷转轨经济转机转折关头准财政赤字准货币资本不足资本利润率资本账户可兑换资不抵债资产负债表资产负债率资产集中资产贡献率资产利润率资产质量资产组合资金成本资金到位资金宽裕资金利用率资金缺口资金体外循环资金占压自筹投资项目自有资金综合国力综合效益指标综合治理总成交额总交易量总成本所有者权益逃税（请见“避税”）套汇剔除季节性因素调节流动性贴现窗口同比同业拆借（放）同业拆借市场利率（中国）同业融通票据同业往来透支退税头寸吞吐基础货币脱媒现象外部审计外国直接投资外汇储备外汇调剂外汇占款外向型经济外债外资企业完善现代企业制度完税凭证违法经营委托存款稳健的银行系统稳中求进无纸交易物价监测吸纳流动性稀缺经济洗钱系统内调度系统性金融危机下岗工人下游企业现场稽核现金滞留（居民手中）乡镇企业消费物价指数消费税消灭财政赤字销货款回笼销售平淡协议外资金额新经济增长点新开工项目新增贷款新增就业位置信贷规模考核信号失真信托投资公司信息不对称信息反馈信息共享系统信息披露信用扩张信用评级姓“资”还是姓“社”行政措施需求膨胀虚伪存款削减冗员寻租迅速反弹养老基金一刀切一级市场应收未收利息银行网点赢利能力营业税硬贷款（商业贷款）用地审批有管理的浮动汇率证券投资游资（热钱）有市场的产品有效供给诱发新一轮经济扩张逾期贷款与国际惯例接轨与国际市场接轨预算外支出（收入）预调月环比再贷款在国际金融机构储备头寸在人行存款在途资金增加农业投入增势减缓增收节支措施增长平稳增值税涨幅偏高账外账折旧整顿政策工具政策性业务政策性银行政策组合政府干预证券交易清算证券业务占款支付困难支付能力直接调控方式向间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德指令性措施指令性计划制定和实施货币政策滞后影响中介机构中央与地方财政分灶吃饭重点建设周期谷底周转速度主办银行主权风险注册资本逐步到位逐步取消抓大放小专款专用转贷转轨经济转机转折关头准财政赤字准货币资本不足资本充足率资本利润率资本账户可兑换资不抵债资产负债表资产负债率资产集中资产贡献率资产利润率资产质量资产组合资金成本资金到位资金宽裕资金利用率资金缺口资金体外循环资金占压自筹投资项目自有资金综合国力综合效益指标综合治理总成交额总交易量总成本最后贷款人最后贷款人safety neton comparable basisto prioritizeimplicit subsidyhidden lossto license;to grant a licence toto take depositsto protect farmers'incentive to produceexcess reservesconsolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccountssterilization operationlocalized interest;departmentalismto strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-dotax avoidancecurrency mismatchcurrency compositiondisguised irregular（or illegal） fund raisingoff-balance-sheet items（operation）weaknesses;loopholesfixed costat constant price;in real termsreal estateproblem loans；non-performing loans（assets）finance companiesfiscal deficitfiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）coordination of fiscal and monetary policiesin a phased and sequenced manneroperational flexibilityto manipulate exchange rateproduct composition;product mixstock pile;excessive inventorycurrent period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratiomarketabilityindustrial policytreasury bondsopen positionto speculate in the stock marketunderwrite（securities）complete sets of equipment; complete plant（s）urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）urban cooperative banks; municipal united banksmunicipal commercial banksreal growth in household incomepersistent overheatingduplicate projectsreplacement costrestructuring planfunding sources;financing channelsinitial successcanalization of exportsexport tax rebatehousehold deposits（不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

经济金融术语汉英对照表H整理时间: 2004/10/28H合理预期rational expectation核心资本core capital合资企业joint-venture enterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控macroeconomic management（or adjustment）宏观调控目标macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账bad debt还本付息debt service换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途funds in float汇兑支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank 汇率并轨unification of exchange rates活期存款demand deposits汇率失调exchange rate misalignment混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势monetary policy stance货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliersK开办人民币业务to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainable economic growth可变成本variable cost可自由兑换货币freely convertible currency控制现金投放control currency issuance扣除物价因素in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-border banking跨年度采购cross-year procurement会计准则accounting standardL来料加工processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动profit-driven利息回收率interest collection ratio联行清算inter-bank settlement连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环virtuous cycle两极分化growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution零售物价指数retail price index（RPI）流动性比例liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款working capital loans流通体制distribution system流通网络distribution network留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hire purchase垄断行业monopolized industry（sector）乱集资irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies“成千上万人疯狂下载。

经济金融术语汉英对照表 YZY养老基金pensionfund一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation 一级市场primarymarket应收未收利息overdueinterest银行网点bankingoutlets赢利能力profitability营业税businesstax硬贷款（商业贷款）mercialloans用地审批tograntlanduseright有管理的浮动汇率managedfloatingexchangerate证券投资portfolioinvestment游资（热钱）hotmoney有市场的产品marketableproducts有效供给effectivesupply诱发新一轮经济扩张triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion 逾期贷款overdueloans;past-dueloans与国际惯例接轨tobeepatiblewithinternationallyaepted 与国际市场接轨tointegratewiththeworldmarket预算外支出（收入）off-budget(extra-budgetary)expenditure(revenue) 预调pre-emptiveadjustment月环比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasisZ再贷款centralbanklending在国际金融机构储备头寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions 在人行存款depositsat(with)thecentralbank在途资金fundinfloat增加农业投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture增势减缓decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum 增收节支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures增长平稳steadygrowth增值税value-addedtax(VAT)涨幅偏高higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth 账外账concealedaounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policyinstrument政策性业务policy-relatedoperations政策性银行policybanks政策组合policymix政府干预governmentintervention证券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions证券业务占款fundingofsecuritiespurchase支付困难paymentdifficulty支付能力paymentcapacity直接调控方式向toincreasetherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments 间接调控方式转变职能转换transformationoffunctions 职业道德professionalethics指令性措施mandatorymeasures指令性计划mandatoryplan;administeredplan制定和实施货币政策toconductmoarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmoarypolicy 滞后影响laggedeffect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineationoffiscalrespon。

经济金融术语汉英对照表经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license; to grant a licence to办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers' incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest; departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper; to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal）fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses; loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price; in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition; product mix产品积压stock pile; excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate in the stock market承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment; complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks; municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources; financing channels初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

经济金融术语英汉对照经济金融领域常常涉及大量的专业术语，对于学习和理解这些术语，将英文与中文对照是非常重要的。

下面是一些经济金融术语的英汉对照列表，希望对您有所帮助。

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 国内生产总值GDP是一个国家或地区在特定时间内所生产的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值的总和。

2. Inflation 通货膨胀通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加导致物价水平上升的现象。

3. Deflation 通货紧缩通货紧缩是指货币供应量减少导致物价水平下降的现象。

4. Interest Rate 利率利率是指借贷资金所产生的利息与本金之间的比率。

5. Exchange Rate 汇率汇率是指一种货币与另一种货币之间的兑换比率。

6. Stock Market 股票市场股票市场是指买卖股票的场所，也是企业融资的重要途径。

7. Bond 债券债券是一种证券，表示借款人向债权人承诺在一定期限内支付利息和本金。

8. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外商直接投资外商直接投资是指一个国家的企业在另一个国家的企业中进行的长期投资。

9. Taxation 税收税收是政府从个人和企业获得财政收入的一种方式。

10. Budget Deficit 预算赤字预算赤字是指政府支出超过收入的情况，需要通过借贷或印钞等方式来弥补。

11. Trade Surplus/Trade Deficit 贸易顺差/贸易逆差贸易顺差指一个国家的出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差则相反。

12. Monetary Policy 货币政策货币政策是由中央银行制定和执行的调控货币供应量和利率水平的政策。

13. Fiscal Policy 财政政策财政政策是由政府制定和执行的调控财政支出和税收的政策。

14. Central Bank 央行央行是一个国家的货币发行和货币政策的实施机构。

15. Market Economy 市场经济市场经济是一种以市场配置资源和决定价格的经济体制。

G改革试点reform experimentation杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest个人股non-institutional shares根本扭转fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作open market operations公款私存deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业public utilities公有经济the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制public ownership工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值industrial value added供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业joint-equity enterprises股份制银行joint-equity banks固定资产贷款fixed asset loans关税减免tariff reduction and exemption关税减让tariff concessions关税优惠tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为to regularize（or standardize）…behavior规模效益economies of scale国计民生national interest and people's livelihood国家对个人其他支出other government outlays to individuals 国家风险country risk国际分工international division of labor国际收支balance of payments国有独资商业银行wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门）the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosion of state assets国债回购government securities repurchase国债一级自营商primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争excessive competition过度膨胀excessive expansion过热迹象signs of overheatingJ基本建设投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals基本适度broadly appropriate基准利率benchmark interest rate机关团体存款deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本opportunity cost激励机制incentive mechanism积压严重heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款run on banks挤占挪用unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）技改投资investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensive product计划单列市municipalities with independent planning status计划经济planned economy集体经济the collective sector加大结构调整力度to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易processing trade加快态势accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查to enhance tax administration加权价weighted average price价格放开price liberalization价格形成机制pricing mechanism减亏to reduce losses简化手续to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures交投活跃brisk trading缴存准备金to deposit required reserves结构扭曲structural distortion结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance结构优化structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱financial fragility金融动荡financial turbulence金融风波financial disturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危机financial crisis金融压抑financial repression金融衍生物financial derivatives金融诈骗financial fraud紧缩银根to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换current account convertibility经济特区special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革economic reform经济增长方式的转变change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）经济增长减速economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth经济制裁economic sanction经营自主权autonomy in management景气回升recovery in business activity境外投资overseas investment竞争加剧intensifying competition局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financial disturbance“成千上万人疯狂下载。

A安全网 safety net按可比口径 on comparable basis按轻重缓急 to prioritize暗补 implicit subsidy暗亏 hi dde n lossB颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务 to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”） tax avoidance币种搭配不当 currency mismatch币种构成 currency composition变相社会集资 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising表外科目（业务） off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes不变成本 fixed cost不变价 at constant price;in real terms不动产 real estate不良贷款（资产） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司 finance companies财政赤字 fiscal deficit财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性 operational flexibility操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate产品构成 product composition;product mix产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory产销率 current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接 marketability产业政策 industrial policy长期国债 treasury bonds敞口头寸 open position炒股 to speculate in the stock market承购包销 underwrite（securities）成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income持续升温 persistent overheating重复布点 duplicate projects重置成本 replacement cost重组计划 restructuring plan筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels初见成效 initial success出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports出口退税 export tax rebate储蓄存款 household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

m买方市场 buyer's market卖方市场 seller's market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国（请见“东道国”） home countryn内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and hong kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives (rccs)p泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck (constraints)平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial (start-up) working capital 普遍回升 broad-based recovery配套改革 concomitant (supporting) reforms 配套人民币资金local currency funding of…。