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如何识别和处理计算机系统错误在现代社会中，计算机系统已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面。
无论是个人用户还是大型企业，都依赖于计算机系统来进行数据处理、信息传递和任务管理等工作。
然而，随着计算机系统的复杂性不断增加，错误的发生也变得常见起来。
本文将探讨如何识别和处理计算机系统错误，帮助读者应对这一种常见的挑战。
首先，我们需要了解什么是计算机系统错误。
计算机系统错误是指在计算机硬件或软件的运行过程中出现的问题，导致系统无法正常工作或产生错误的结果。
计算机系统错误可以分为两类：硬件错误和软件错误。
硬件错误是由于计算机硬件组件发生故障或损坏引起的。
例如，内存模块的损坏、硬盘故障或电源问题等都可能导致计算机系统出现错误。
在面对硬件错误时，我们可以通过以下几个方法来识别和处理错误：1. 检查硬件连接：确保计算机的硬件设备正确连接并且没有松动。
有时候，简单的重新插拔硬件设备就可以解决问题。
2. 运行硬件诊断工具：很多计算机制造商都提供了硬件诊断工具，可以帮助用户检测硬件问题。
通过运行这些工具，我们可以确定是哪个硬件组件出现了故障，并采取相应的措施修复它。
3. 更换损坏的硬件：如果硬件组件损坏严重，无法修复，那么我们需要考虑更换它。
在更换硬件前，我们需要确保新的硬件兼容于我们的计算机系统，并且能够满足我们的需求。
软件错误是由于计算机系统的软件部分发生问题引起的。
软件错误往往包括程序编写错误、不兼容问题或者是系统配置错误等。
以下是一些识别和处理软件错误的方法：1. 检查日志文件：许多操作系统和软件都会生成日志文件，记录系统运行的相关信息。
通过查阅日志文件，我们可以找到软件错误的相关提示。
这些提示可能包括错误代码、错误消息或者其他信息，有助于我们理解并解决问题。
2. 更新和升级软件：软件厂商通常会发布更新和升级版本，以解决已知的问题和安全漏洞。
因此，及时更新和升级操作系统和软件是防止错误发生的有效方法。
同时，我们也要确保安装的软件兼容于我们的计算机系统。
勘误（1）第7页第7行，应该是传播速率一样，而不是传输速率一样。
第7页第8行，数据传输率是由总时延（总时延=发送时延+传输时延+处理时延）决定的改为数据传输率是由总时延（总时延=发送时延+传播时延+处理时延）决定的。
（2）第24页第20题，在题干上加上在大多数情况下。
第28页第20题的答案解析同步传输和异步传输的概念写反了。
（3）第23页第7题的题干：弱每帧改为若每帧。
（4）第17页第14行，（0个1）改为（0或1）（5）第19页曼彻斯特编码的编码方法和有些书上的说法恰好相反（比如谢希仁第五版课本80页图3-16码元1前一个间隔是低电平，而后一个间隔是高电平），这个只是形式上的东西，考试的时候试卷肯定会说明，不用担心！（6）第100页11题题干改为：一个路由器的路由表通常包含。
（7）第125页倒数倒数18行：就是它的传输时延比较短，适合大量的数据传输的改为就是它的传输时延比较短（且对可靠性要求不严格的时候），此时大量的数据传输应该使用UDP。
（8）第77页下面部分可能有点印刷不是很清楚，如下：【解析】背景知识：世界上有数以百万计的网络，要把这些网络互联起来是一件相当的困难的事情，因为这些网络并没有统一的标准，例如其中某些网络的超时控制可能不同（比如这个网络超时重传的计时器是1秒，另一个网络就可能是2秒，没法统一），甚至这个网络是提供面向连接服务，另一个网络是提供无连接服务，所以不可能把这一个庞大的网络直接互联起来。
那为什么不让大家都使用同一个网络呢？这是不可能的，因为用户的需求是多种多样的，不可能有一种单一的网络能够适应所有的用户，另外，网络技术是不断发展的，网络的制造厂家也要经常推出新的网络，在竞争中求生存，因此在市场上总是有很多种不同性能、不同网络协议的网络，供不同用户选择。
虽然网络不可能一样，但是我们可以想办法使用一种协议让路由器连接的网络都遵守这种协议，在这种情况下可以将互连起来的网络看成一个虚拟互连网络。
计算机技术的常见疑惑解析计算机技术在现代社会中扮演着重要的角色，许多人在使用计算机时可能会遇到一些疑惑和困惑。
本文将针对计算机技术的常见疑惑进行解析，帮助读者更好地理解和应对这些问题。
一、为什么计算机会出现死机现象？死机是指计算机的操作系统或应用程序无法正常运行，导致计算机无法响应任何操作。
常见的死机原因包括软件问题、硬件问题、驱动程序冲突等。
软件问题可能是由于程序错误、内存泄漏或操作系统不稳定等原因引起的。
硬件问题可能涉及电源供应不足、内存故障或过热等。
解决死机问题的办法包括重启计算机、检查和更新驱动程序以及解决软件冲突等。
二、如何保护计算机免受病毒和恶意软件的侵害？计算机病毒和恶意软件是计算机安全的主要威胁之一。
为了保护计算机免受这些威胁的侵害，用户应采取以下措施：1. 安装可靠的安全软件：选择一款受信任的防病毒软件，并定期更新病毒库和软件版本。
2. 避免点击或下载可疑的链接和文件：电子邮件附件、不明来源的下载链接和不可信任的网站都可能包含病毒或恶意软件。
3. 更新操作系统和应用程序：及时安装系统和应用程序的更新补丁，以修复安全漏洞。
4. 定期备份重要数据：在计算机受到病毒或恶意软件攻击时，备份数据可以帮助恢复丢失的文件。
三、如何提高计算机的性能？随着时间的推移，计算机的性能可能会下降，导致运行速度变慢。
为了提高计算机的性能，可以采取以下措施：1. 清理硬盘空间：删除不需要的文件和程序，释放硬盘空间。
2. 禁用开机自启动程序：在计算机启动时，一些程序会自动启动并占用系统资源，禁用这些不必要的开机启动程序可以加快计算机的启动速度。
3. 增加内存：升级计算机的内存可以提高系统的运行速度和响应速度。
4. 优化系统设置：调整系统设置，如关闭视觉效果、清理注册表等，以提高计算机的性能。
三、什么是云计算？为什么它如此重要？云计算是指通过互联网提供计算服务的一种模式。
用户可以通过互联网访问计算资源，如存储、处理和应用程序，而不需要购买和维护实际的物理设备。
了解电脑操作系统的常见错误和解决方法电脑操作系统是电子设备的核心，它控制着计算机的各项功能和运行。
然而，即使是经验丰富的用户，有时也会遇到一些常见的错误和问题。
本文将介绍电脑操作系统的常见错误以及解决方法，以帮助读者更好地了解和应对这些问题。
1. 黑屏错误黑屏错误是电脑启动过程中最常见的问题之一。
当电脑开机后只显示黑屏，不显示任何图像或文字时，可能是由于以下原因导致的：解决方法：- 检查显示器连接：确保显示器与电脑正确连接，并且电源线和数据线没有松动。
- 检查电源供应：确认电源是否正常工作，检查电源线是否插入到插座中。
- 检查显卡：如果显示器连接正常，但仍然出现黑屏，可能是显卡故障。
可以尝试重新插拔显卡，或者更换另一张显卡进行测试。
2. 蓝屏错误（蓝屏死机）蓝屏错误是指电脑在运行过程中突然出现蓝屏，并显示错误代码和信息。
这意味着操作系统发生了严重错误，导致系统崩溃。
常见的原因有：解决方法：- 检查硬件冲突：某些硬件设备的驱动程序可能不兼容，导致系统崩溃。
可以尝试卸载最近安装的硬件设备的驱动程序，并重新启动电脑。
- 执行系统恢复：使用操作系统的恢复功能，将系统还原到最近的一个稳定状态。
- 检查病毒感染：某些病毒可能会导致系统崩溃。
使用杀毒软件进行全面扫描，清除任何病毒。
3. 应用程序崩溃在使用电脑时，有时候某个应用程序会崩溃或无响应，无法正常运行。
这可能是由于以下原因引起的：解决方法：- 关闭并重新启动应用程序：在任务管理器中结束该程序的进程，然后重新启动应用程序。
- 更新应用程序：应用程序可能因为旧版本的问题而崩溃。
前往官方网站下载最新版本，并安装更新。
- 检查系统要求：某些应用程序需要特定的系统要求才能运行。
确保你的电脑满足应用程序的要求。
4. 硬盘故障硬盘故障可能导致数据丢失和系统崩溃。
常见的硬盘故障包括：解决方法：- 备份重要数据：定期进行数据备份是防止数据丢失的最佳方法。
将重要文件存储在外部硬盘或云存储中。
深入研究计算机基础知识的常见问题在深入研究计算机基础知识过程中，有一些常见问题需要注意和解决。
首先，对于计算机硬件方面的基础知识，常见问题包括CPU、内存、硬盘等组成部分的作用和原理，以及它们之间的关系。
其次，对
于计算机操作系统的基础知识，常见问题包括操作系统的功能、种类
及其特点，如Windows、macOS、Linux等操作系统的比较和应用。
另外，对于计算机网络的基础知识，常见问题包括网络拓扑结构、协议、IP地址、子网划分等内容的了解和应用。
最后，对于计算机安全的基
础知识，常见问题包括网络安全、数据加密、防火墙等安全技术的认
识和应用。
通过深入研究这些常见问题，可以更好地掌握计算机基础
知识，提高自己在计算机领域的技术水平。
了解计算机技术的常见问题计算机技术的普及和应用使得它已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
然而，即使对于许多使用计算机的人来说，他们仍然会遇到一些常见的问题。
本文将介绍并解答一些关于计算机技术的常见问题，帮助读者更好地了解和应对这些问题。
一、计算机崩溃问题计算机的崩溃是许多用户常见的问题之一。
崩溃可能会导致系统崩溃，应用程序无响应等情况。
以下是一些常见的解决方法：1.重新启动计算机：在崩溃后，重新启动计算机是最简单的解决方法。
这可以使系统重置并清除任何可能导致问题的临时文件或错误状态。
2.检查硬件问题：计算机崩溃的另一个常见原因是硬件故障。
用户可以检查计算机是否有过热、硬盘驱动器是否工作正常等问题。
3.更新软件：有时，计算机崩溃可能是因为过时的软件或驱动程序。
用户可以通过更新操作系统和应用程序以及安装最新的驱动程序来解决这个问题。
二、病毒和恶意软件问题计算机病毒和恶意软件是互联网时代不可避免的问题。
以下是一些常见的解决方法：1.安装杀毒软件：安装可信赖的杀毒软件是保护计算机免受病毒和恶意软件的关键。
定期运行全面系统扫描以确保计算机安全。
2.更新操作系统和应用程序：许多病毒和恶意软件利用操作系统和应用程序中的安全漏洞进行攻击。
定期更新操作系统和应用程序可以修补这些漏洞。
3.警惕不明来源的文件和链接：避免打开来自不明来源的文件，警惕点击来自陌生人的链接，这有助于减少感染病毒和恶意软件的风险。
三、网络连接问题经常出现的网络连接问题可能会影响我们的工作和日常生活。
以下是一些常见的解决方法：1.检查网络连接：首先，确保计算机和路由器之间的网络连接正常。
检查并重新插拔所有连接线并确保连接到正确的端口。
2.重启路由器和调制解调器：由于网络设备可能会出现问题，重启路由器和调制解调器是解决网络连接问题的常见方法。
3.检查防火墙和安全设置：有时，网络连接问题是由于防火墙或安全设置阻止了计算机与互联网之间的通信。
检查并调整这些设置可以解决问题。
计算机技术的常见错误与解决方法在日常使用计算机时，不可避免地会遇到各种错误和问题。
这些错误可能导致计算机运行缓慢、程序崩溃或数据丢失，给工作和学习带来不便和困扰。
本文将介绍一些计算机技术常见的错误以及相应的解决方法，帮助读者更好地理解和解决这些问题。
1. 蓝屏错误（Blue Screen of Death）蓝屏错误是一种常见的计算机错误，在Windows操作系统中尤为常见。
它会导致计算机突然停止工作并显示一个蓝色的错误屏幕。
出现蓝屏错误可能是由于硬件故障、驱动问题、系统文件损坏等原因引起。
解决方法：- 重新启动计算机：有时候简单的重新启动计算机就能解决蓝屏问题。
- 更新驱动程序：缺少或过时的驱动程序可能导致蓝屏错误。
可以通过设备管理器更新驱动程序或者访问硬件制造商的官方网站下载最新的驱动程序。
- 扫描和修复系统文件：使用Windows操作系统自带的系统文件检查工具（如sfc /scannow命令）扫描和修复可能损坏的系统文件。
2. 病毒感染病毒是计算机用户最令人头疼的问题之一。
病毒可以通过下载文件、电子邮件附件、感染移动存储设备等方式传播。
病毒感染会导致计算机变慢、数据损坏、个人信息泄露等问题。
解决方法：- 安装可靠的杀毒软件：安装一个可靠的杀毒软件是防止计算机感染病毒的重要举措。
定期更新病毒库并进行全盘扫描可以帮助发现并清除潜在的病毒。
- 谨慎下载和打开附件：避免下载来路不明的文件，尤其是来自不可信的网站和电子邮件附件。
即使是来自熟人的邮件附件也要经过仔细检查，确保没有携带病毒。
- 定期备份重要文件：定期备份重要文件并存储在离线设备上可以防止因病毒感染而丢失数据。
3. 硬件故障硬件故障是计算机问题的另一个常见原因。
硬件故障可能包括电源问题、内存故障、硬盘故障等。
这些故障可能导致计算机无法正常启动、文件读取错误、数据损坏等问题。
解决方法：- 检查电源连接：确保电源线连接稳固，并确保电源插座正常工作。
对计算机的深入了解作文800字下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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嘿，小朋友们！你们知道计算机吗？它可是个超级厉害的东西呢！计算机就像一个聪明的小脑袋，能帮我们做很多很多的事情。
88计算机软件操作中的常见错误与排查方法第一章：概述计算机软件操作中的常见错误是指在使用计算机软件时经常出现的各种问题，包括软件崩溃、运行缓慢、功能异常等。
这些问题给用户带来不便和困扰，也影响了工作效率和体验。
为了解决这些问题，本文将介绍常见的错误类型和排查方法，帮助用户更好地使用计算机软件。
第二章：软件崩溃错误软件崩溃是指软件在运行过程中突然停止工作的情况。
常见的软件崩溃错误有以下几种排查方法：1.查看错误报告：当软件崩溃时，通常会生成错误报告，其中包含了软件崩溃的原因和位置信息。
用户可以查看错误报告来了解具体问题，并尝试重新启动软件。
2.更新软件版本：有些软件崩溃问题可能是由于软件版本过旧或存在bug所致。
在遇到软件崩溃问题时，用户可以尝试更新软件到最新版本，以修复已知的错误。
3.检查系统兼容性：某些软件可能与特定的操作系统版本不兼容，导致崩溃错误。
用户应该确保软件的系统兼容性，如果不兼容，可以尝试找到兼容的版本或切换到其他操作系统。
第三章：运行缓慢错误运行缓慢是指软件在运行过程中反应慢、卡顿等问题。
常见的运行缓慢错误有以下几种排查方法：1.检查系统资源利用率：某些软件需要较高的系统资源才能正常运行，如果系统资源利用率较高，可能导致软件运行缓慢。
用户可以使用任务管理器等工具来查看系统资源利用率，以确定是否达到了系统极限。
2.清理临时文件和无效注册表项：系统中积累的大量临时文件和无效注册表项可能导致软件运行缓慢。
用户可以使用系统清理工具或第三方工具来清理临时文件和无效注册表项，以提高系统性能。
3.优化软件设置：某些软件具有各种设置选项，用户可以根据自身需求进行优化设置。
例如，禁用一些不必要的特效或功能，调整缓存大小等，以提高软件运行效率。
第四章：功能异常错误功能异常是指软件在使用过程中出现功能无法正常使用或表现异常的情况。
常见的功能异常错误有以下几种排查方法：1.检查输入数据：在使用某些功能时，用户输入的数据可能会影响功能的正常运行。
First North American Printing [2003, ISBN 0-13-034074-X, hardcover]Note that some of these errors have been corrected in more recentprintings of the book.∙Preface∙p. xvii (last paragraph): "Figure .1" should be "Figure P.1"∙p. xxiii (line 7): "topic of the next section"should read"topic of the next chapter"∙p. xxiii (line 8): "students to point" should read"studentsto the point"∙p. xxiii and p. xxiv (last paragraphs): "Figure .2" shouldbe "Figure P.2"∙p. xxvi (Last paragraph): The name "Sandhya Dwarkadas" wasmispelled.[size=-1]Posted 01/12/2005. Michael Scott∙p. xxvi, last paragraph: Acknowledge Al Davis (Univ. ofUtah) as a beta tester.∙Chapter 1: A Tour of Computer Systems∙p. 15, 3rd paragraph. "to a some new process" should read"tosome new process".[size=-1]Posted 5/12/2003. Jeff Goldblat∙p. 21, line 3. "Gavin" should be "Galvin".[size=-1]Posted 11/09/2009. Vijayakrishna Griddaluru.[size=-1]∙Chapter 2: Representing and Manipulating Information∙p. 30, Problem 2.2: The fourth case in the table should haveentry0x20000 rather than 0x2000∙p. 36, Lines 3-6 below disassembler output. This lineshould read:"For now, we simply note that this line states that thehexadecimalbyte sequence 01 05 64 94 04 08 is the byte-levelrepresentation of aninstruction that adds a word of data tothe value stored in memory ataddress 0x8049464."[size=-1]Posted 09/25/2003. Anne Rogers∙p. 36, Aside "New to C?: Naming data types withtypedef." Thelast sentence should end "... the declarationof a variable oftype 'unsigned char *'."[size=-1]Posted 12/03/2007. Carl Marcinik∙p. 38, "New to C?: Pointers and arrays" section. The 3rdsentence should read "In C, we can dereference a pointer with arraynotation, and we can reference array elements withpointer notation."∙p. 51, Fig. 2.8: under "unsigned short": Guaranteed max and typical 32-bit max should be 65,535 not 63,535.[size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang ∙p. 57, just before Equation 2.3:"If we let x = B2T_w(vec{x}) ..." should be"If we let vec{x} =T2B_w(x) ...".[size=-1]Posted 8/7/2003. Thomas Niemann∙p. 60, Figure 2.13:∙Change the value -2147483648 in entries four andfiveto -2147483647-1∙Add the following sentences to thecaption: ``We must writeTMin_32 in C as -2147483647-1, ratherthan-2147483648,to avoid overflowproblems. The compiler processes anexpression of theform -X by first reading theexpression X and thennegating it, but2147483648 is too large to represent as a32-bit,two's complement number.''See the Note on writing TMin in C for a moredetaileddiscussion.∙p. 60, Problem 2.20:∙The value -2147483648 should bewritten-2147483647-1 in entries 1, 2, and 4, andas(-2147483647-1) in entries 3 and 5.See theNote on writing TMin in C for a discussion.∙2nd & 3rd entries in table should have-2147483647rather than -21474836487.∙4th & 5th entries in table should have2147483647rather than 21474836487.∙p. 61, second paragraph. The first line should read: "As anexample, consider the effect of executing the following code when integer variableval is set to -12345:"[size=-1]Posted 10/18/2007. Carl Marcinik∙p. 64, multiple places. Several of the bit vectors have onetoomany bits:0.[x_{w}, x_{w-1}, ..., x_0] should be [x_{w-1},x_{w-2}, ..., x_0]in the following places:1.Left hand side of the first equation2.In the text of the second paragraph3.On the right hand sides of Equations2.7 and 2.8.1.[x_{k}, x_{k-1}, ..., x_0] should be [x_{k-1},x_{k-2}, ..., x_0]in the following places:0.Bottom line of equation1.In the text of the second paragraph2.On the left hand sides of Equations2.7 and 2.8.[size=-1]Posted 11/18/2003. Rui Carvalho∙p. 64, Equation 2.8.Inner function on right hand side shouldbe B2U rather than B2T.[size=-1]Posted 05/04/2006. Will Marrero∙p. 69, middle line of equation at bottom: There should be no minus signs in front of x_{w-1} and y_{w-1}.[size=-1]Posted 09/18/2003. Simone Martins∙p. 72, Practice Problem 2.25: In the third column heading,the "4" shouldbe a "5".∙p. 73, 2nd & 3rd lines. All subscripts "w+1" should read"w-1".[size=-1]Posted 09/13/2005. Day Zhong∙p. 73, 4th line should read "for x in the range -2^{w-1} <=x < 2^{w-1}"[size=-1]Posted 07/19/2004. Yin Yongsheng∙p. 75, 5th line after Equation 2.15.Should read"...complement product B2T(x) * B2T(y)" (y instead of x at theend).[size=-1]Posted 09/15/2005. Jordan Brough∙p. 77, Practice Problem 2.28. Parameter k can be 0, 1, 2,or 3.[size=-1]Posted 09/08/2003. Darren Shultz∙p. 77, Practice Problem 2.28.The expression a<<k + bshould be written as (a<<k) + b to avoid problems with operator precedence. Similarly we should write (a<<1) + a.[size=-1]Posted 01/02/2008. Zeyang Li∙p. 78, 3rd line.The equation for x' should be SUM(i=k,w-1)x_i * 2^(i-k).[size=-1]Posted 04/22/2005. Guanpeng Xu∙p. 78, End of second full paragraph. Last sentence should read"Thus, this shifted bit vector is the two's complement representationof |_ x / 2^k _|," (rather than |_ x / y _|.) [size=-1]Posted 04/22/2005. Randy Bryant∙p. 82, Problem 2.31: The entry at row 7, column 3 shouldbe5.625 rather than 5.375.∙p. 91, Section 2.4.5, 3rd paragraph, 1st line. The word"complement" should not be italicized, and there shouldbe a spacebefore it.[size=-1]Posted 12/02/2003. Mark Morrissey∙p. 98, 6th and 7th lines from bottom. "satisfies" shouldbe "satisfy".[size=-1]Posted 11/09/2009. Vijayakrishna Griddaluru.[size=-1]∙p. 104, Problem 2.54, second paragraph. The last part of the sentence should read "... we convert them to otherunsigned values ...".[size=-1]Posted 10/18/2007. Carl Marcinik∙p. 107, Problem 2.61. Local variable sig should berenamed frac, and referred to as the fraction, rather thanthesignificand.[size=-1]Posted 08/08/2006. Randy Bryant∙p. 108, Problem 2.1 solution: In the answer to D, one of the hexadecimal digits wasomitted, along with its binaryencoding. It should read:Binary 11 0101 1011 0111 1110 0110Hexadecimal 3 5 B 7 E 6[size=-1]Posted 10/07/2002. John Hampton∙p. 108, Problem 2.2 solution:Cases 3 through 5 in the tableshould read13 8192 0x200017 131072 0x2000016 65536 0x10000[size=-1]Posted 10/07/2002. John Hampton∙p. 109, Problem 2.4 Solution, part D. The first part shouldread0x50da-0x502c = 0xae.[size=-1]Posted 06/14/2004. Alan West∙p. 114, Problem 2.20 solution:∙The value -2147483648 should bewritten-2147483647-1 in entries 1, 2, and 4, andas(-2147483647-1) in entries 3 and 5.See theNote on writing TMin in C for a discussion.∙2nd & 3rd entries in table should have-2147483647rather than -21474836487.∙4th & 5th entries in table should have2147483647rather than 21474836487.∙p. 116, Problem 2.25solution: In the third column heading,the "4" should be a "5".∙p. 117, Problem 2.27 solution: The entry for row 5, column5 (thetwo's complement representation of 1 * -1 truncatedto 3 bits) shouldbe "-1 [111]". rather than "7 [111]".[size=-1]Posted 01/22/2003. Al Davis∙p. 117, Problem 2.3B solution. The answer is correct, but theexplanation is wrong. It should be that bit x_1 mustequal 1, not x_2.[size=-1]Posted 03/15/2009. Eric Peskin∙p. 118, Problem 2.31 solution: Row 5 should read: "45/1610.1101 2.8125".[size=-1]Posted 01/22/2003. Al Davis ∙p. 118, Problem 2.32 solution: The subproblems (A--D) andthe answers (A--C) don't line up:∙The answer to subproblem B is given in A (9.54 X10^{-8})∙The answer to C is given in B (0.343)∙The answer to D is given in C (687).[size=-1]Posted 12/07/2004. Thomas Gross∙p. 120, Problem 2.37 solution for part H. The problem states thatthe value for d is not infinity or NaN, so we mustfind anothercounterexample. Here is one: when d is 1.0E25and f is 1.0, then(d+f) will be rounded to 1.0E25 and so(d+f)-d will evaluate to 0.0.[size=-1]Posted 01/03/2006. Ricky Liu[size=-1]∙Chapter 3: Machine-Level Representation of Programs ∙p. 126, The i486 CPU had 1.2M transistors (not 1.9), and the PentiumPro had 5.5M (not 6.5).This leads to a very slightchange in the graph for Moore's Law on p. 127,but the trend of doubling every 30 months continues to hold.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu ∙p. 126, The Pentium 4 was first delivered in 2000, not 2001.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu ∙p. 133, first line. Should read "Then, we could generate an executable program prog as follows:"[size=-1]Posted 03/27/2005. Mario Lo Conte ∙p. 133, 5 lines before start of Section 3.2.3. Should state"On line 6 of the disassembly ...".[size=-1]Posted 09/16/2002. Arun Krishnaswamy ∙p. 133, Right after disassembly. Should read "... thedisassembly ofcode.o."[size=-1]Posted 03/27/2005. Mario Lo Conte∙p. 137, Figure 3.3, 10th row, 4th column. "Scaled Index"should be "Scaled index" (inconsistent capitalization).[size=-1]Posted 04/01/2003. Haudy Kazemi∙p. 141, New to C, line 10. "This also a form of" should be"This is also a form of".[size=-1]Posted 09/15/2003. Darren Shultz∙p. 147, first paragraph. The last sentence should read "In general,compilers generate code that uses individualregisters for multipleprogram values and moves programvalues among the registers."[size=-1]Posted 10/15/2006. Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt∙p. 149, End of last complete paragraph. Add sentence "For reasons that are a bit obscure,the incl and decl instructions set the zero, sign, and overflow flags, but they leave thecarry flag unchanged."[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 150, Section 3.6.2, line 5. Should be "condition codes"rather than"conditions codes".[size=-1]Posted 10/15/2006. Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt∙p. 150, Figure 3.10, final row. The result should be D <--CF | ZF.[size=-1]Posted 02/03/2003. Ray I. H. Shih∙p. 153, Figure 3.11, final row. The branch condition shouldbe CF | ZF.∙p. 153, Figure 3.11, final row. The description should be "Below or ..." (incorrect capitalization).[size=-1]Posted 04/01/2003. Haudy Kazemi∙p. 154, line #2 in assembly code listing. The comment should state:"Aligns next instruction to multiple of 16".[size=-1]Posted 05/02/2004. Randy Bryant∙p. 156, last line of text. "... skipping the statement on line 7." should read"skipping the statements on lines 7 and8."[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 160, last line of first paragraph.Should read "Once the loop exits, val is copied to register %eax ..."∙p. 162, Figure 3.14c. There should be an additional line:14 movl %ebx, %eax[size=-1]Posted 09/01/2004. Inge Frick∙p. 163, The last sentence of first paragraph states "This savesone instruction in the assembly code," but that's not really true. The compiler could have generated theinstruction12 jns .L10to perform the test nmi >= 0, so there is no performancegain in the compiler-generated code. The last sentenceshouldtherefore state "Although this modified test is valid, it gives noreal performance advantage."[size=-1]Posted09/01/2004. Inge Frick∙p. 163, Problem 3.11 assembly code. There should be anadditional line:12 movl %edx,%eax[size=-1]Posted 06/14/2004. Michael Li∙p. 173, Aside, 4th line from bottom, should read "... P (the caller) must save the value before calling Q ...".[size=-1]Posted 06/14/2004. Michael Li∙p. 180, Figure 3.22. In both stack frames, the offset of the frame pointer should be 0, not -4.[size=-1]Posted 01/12/2005. Qing Xu∙p. 180, Figure 3.22. In both stack frames, the value at offset -24 should be "Saved %ebx", not "Saved %ebp".[size=-1]Posted 07/01/2004. Steven Zhang∙p. 182, last paragraph, second line."(except in the first case ...)" should read"(except in the first and last cases,where the former copies the address, and the lattercopies the index)"[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 183, Aside on why to avoid integer multiply. The Pentium III, on which the book is based, requires 4 clock cycles for integer multiplication. More recent processorsfrom Intel and AMD require between 3 and 10 clock cycles.∙p. 190, Figure 3.25b. Line 5 should read "int nTjPk = k;".[size=-1]Posted 10/06/2003. Seiki∙p. 193, line 3 of last assembly code ment should read ``Compute &r->a[r->i + r->j]''[size=-1]Posted 09/10/2009. Rui Baptista∙p. 198, Problem 3.22, part C.Line 4 of the code should beremoved.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 200, line 5. The parenthetical remark "(address x_p+4)"should be (address x_p+8)".[size=-1]Posted 05/13/2009. Jackie Xiao∙p. 200, Paragraph in middle of page beginning "Instead, the compiler will allocate". In this sentence "S1" should bechanged to "S2".[size=-1]Posted 04/01/2003. Haudy Kazemi∙p. 213, stack diagram at bottom.Step 8 value should be(a-b)/(-b+c).[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 219, second example.fmul should be fmull.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 219, second example. The example expression should be x =(-(a*b)+c)*(a*b). The expression in the box for step 6shouldbe (-(a*b)+c)*(a*b).[size=-1]Posted 06/04/2004. Thomas Niemann∙p. 219, second example.There should be a seventh stepwiththe instruction fstpl x.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 221, Practice Problem 3.28. There should be one moreline of code at the end:12 fsubrp %st,%st(1)[size=-1]Posted 04/04/2003. Christian Dufour∙p. 222, second to last line of text, and last two entries of table in Figure 3.36.The binary representations of 69 and64 are [01000101] and [01000000], respectively.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 228, second paragraph.We stated that with GCC's inline assembly"...there are no direct ways to specify a program value to use as thedestination operand for the setae instruction, since theoperand must be a single byte." In fact, you can specifysingle-byte operands with gcc by declaring variables oftype char.See Note on byte operandswith inline assembly.[size=-1]Posted 04/07/2003. Michael Trigoboff∙p. 229, first two lines (lines 13-14 of okmul.c). Recent versions ofGCC do not allow a quoted string to split across multiple lines, and so attempting to compile this code gives an error message. Instead, the lines should be written as two separate strings, as follows:asm("movl %2,%%eax; mull %3; movl %%eax,%0;""setae %%dl; movzbl %%dl,%1"[size=-1]Posted 10/18/2007. Wang Yuanxuan∙p. 234, Figure 3.37. The annotation "default" shown on line28 with label .L14 should instead be on line 26 withlabel .L20.[size=-1]Posted 10/04/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 241, Solution to Problem 3.8A. Jump target is 0x8048d1e - 0x26 =0x8048cf8. (Remember that 0xda is a one-byte two'scomplement number).[size=-1]Posted 07/06/2004. Randy Bryant∙p. 241, Solution to Problem 3.9b.Replace || with &&.[size=-1]Posted 01/22/2003. Al Davis ∙p. 246, Solution to Problem 3.17. First entry in table. Total size should be 14 rather than 28.[size=-1]Posted 10/07/2003. David O'Hallaron∙p. 247, Solution to Problem 3.20, C code line 4.It would be better to use N*N-1 instead of 255 here. The C preprocessor would automatically substitute 255 and then scale this by4 to get 1020.[size=-1]Posted 2/14/2007. Yixin Cao∙p. 247, Solution to Problem 3.20, assembly code line 3.The comment should read i = 15, rather than i = 0[size=-1]Posted 4/16/2008. Hiep Hong∙Chapter 4: Processor Architecture∙p. 259, Figure 4.2. The boxes for the Dest fields ofthe jXX and call instructions are too wide.These fields are 4 byteslong.∙p. 265, Aside on "The RISC versus CISC controversy".The last word of the fourth line of text should be "instructions",not"instruction".[size=-1]Posted 10/21/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 270-1, Problem 4.5, code for poptest. The instructionmovl %esp, %edx should precede the instruction that pushestval. The first argument to the asm directive then reads: asm("movl %%esp,%%edx; pushl %1; popl %%esp;movl %%esp,%0; movl %%edx,%%esp"The existing code causes a segmentation fault.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 278, Section 4.2.4. line 5.The reference to Figure4.12should instead be to the diagram at the bottom of p. 276.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 278, second to last line.The value being tested is iexpr,not expr.[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 288, Practice Problem 4.10, Write back stage. The second register update should be R[rA] <-- valM[size=-1]Posted 11/07/2002. Max Gebhardt∙p. 288, Practice Problem 4.11. The second sentence shouldbe "Does this conform ...".[size=-1]Posted 10/21/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 292, Fig. 4.20, Decode bels dstA and dstB shouldbe dstE and dstM, respectively[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 298, line 10. "0x00e" should be "0x013".[size=-1]Posted 11/09/2009. Dheeraj Kandula.[size=-1] ∙p. 299, Figure 4.24, 3rd row from bottom. The value for RESPshould be 4.[size=-1]Posted 05/02/2004. Anita Gupta∙p. 300, Just before subheading "Decode and Write-Back Stages."The formula should read "p + 1 + r + 4i"[size=-1]Posted 04/02/2004. John Ross∙p. 301, first paragraph, line 7.The write port address inputs are dstE and dstM, not dstA and dstB.[size=-1]Posted 03/13/2005. Inge Frick∙p. 305, second line of Section 4.3.5, "PC stage" should be"PC update stage".[size=-1]Posted 05/19/2006. Ronald Jones∙p. 306, Fig. 4.30, Decode bels dstA and dstB shouldbe dstE and dstM, respectively.[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 308, second line below diagram. "This an ..." should be"This is an ...".[size=-1]Posted 01/23/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 311, Figure 4.34. The final number on the timelineshould be 600, not 640.[size=-1]Posted 05/27/2003. Jörg Brauer∙p. 322, Aside on "Other branch prediction strategies." The thirdsentence should read "A slightly more sophisticated strategy, known asbackward taken, forward not-taken (BTFNT), predicts branches to loweraddresses than the next instruction will be taken, while those tohigher addresseswill not be taken."[size=-1]Posted 12/03/2007. Carl Marcinik∙p. 325, Line 5 of second paragraph.Third word "instruction"should be "instructions".[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 326, Figure 4.44, expanded box for Cycle 5 labeled "W".The operation R[%eax] <-- 10should read R[%edx] <-- 10.[size=-1]Posted 03/19/2007. Devon Macey∙p. 326, Line 1 of first full st word"instructions" should be "instruction".[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 331, Fig. 4.49, expanded box for Cycle 6.Box labeled "M"should have label "W".[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 332, Fig. 4.51, expanded box for Cycle 4, box labeled "M".Labels "W_dstE" and "W_valE" should be "M_dstE" and"M_valE", respectively.[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 335, line 4.Should refer to pipeline register E, not M.[size=-1]Posted 03/13/2005. Inge Frick∙p. 335, Fig. 4.54, near bottom.Arrow labeled "Error" should point to the line "valB <-- R[%eax] = 0".[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 336, Line 2.The address of the irmovl instruction is0x012, not 0x00c.[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 336, Line 8 of first full paragraph.Should refer toregister %ebx rather than %edx.[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 336, line 9 of first full paragraph."memory stage" shouldbe "decode stage".[size=-1]Posted 11/15/2009. Dheeraj Kandula.[size=-1] ∙p. 337, Section 4.5.8, line 4 of first paragraph.Missing"of" between "design" and "the".[size=-1]Posted 11/23/2005. Scott Wright∙p. 339, Figure 4.57 caption, 5th line."dstA" and "dstB"should be "dstE" and "dstM", respectively[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 344, code in top half of page, first line.Should say "Initialize" rather than "Intialize".[size=-1]Posted 5/21/2009. Greg Israelsen∙p. 346, Figure 4.63.The line of code at address 0x007 shouldbe:0x007: irmovl $1, %eax # Fall through[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 348, Figure bel in box on right should be "x"rather than "y"[size=-1]Posted 10/17/2005. Caren Yang ∙p. 350, 4th line from bottom. Sentence should read"Clearly, wedo not want the pipeline to perform both sets of actions." (Omitfirst "to"). And next sentence should read "Instead, we want it to ..." (add "to").[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006 and 05/19/2006. Ricky LiuandRonald Jones∙p. 351, first paragraph, last line. Omit word "implement"fromthe sentence.[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 352, Code for D_bubble. Should be:# Mispredicted branch,(E_icode == IJXX && !e_Bch) ||# or stalling at fetch while ret passes through pipeline IRET in { D_icode, E_icode, M_icode } &&# but not condition for a load/use hazard !(E_icode in { IMRMOVL, IPOPL } && E_dstM in { d_srcA,d_srcB });[size=-1]Posted 11/24/2005. Randy Bryant∙p. 363, Problem 4.41, line 3. Omit word "requires" fromthesentence.[size=-1]Posted 02/06/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 368, Problem 4.6 Solution.The signal should be calledxor, rather than eq.[size=-1]Posted 11/16/2005. Betsy Wolff∙p. 368, Problem 4.7 Solution.The figure should have an ORgate, rather than an AND gate.[size=-1]Posted 09/15/2005. Michael Bombyk ∙p. 368, Problem 4.8 Solution.The correct code is:int Med3 = [(A <= B && B <= C) || (C < B && B < A) : B;(B <= A && A <= C) || (C < A && A < B) : A;1 : C;];[size=-1]Posted 10/21/2005. Scott Wright[size=-1][size=-1]∙Chapter 5: Optimizing Program Performance∙p. 388, Table in middle of page. The entry for Integer + with function combine2 should be 20.66, not 22.61.[size=-1]Posted 01/20/2004. Thomas Niemann∙p. 394, Fig 5.10: Line 9 of code (*dest = IDENT) is notnecessary.[size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 398, 2nd line. "such transcendental" should be "such astranscendental".[size=-1]Posted 12/02/2003. Mark Morrissey∙p. 399, first paragraph under section 5.7.2: should be "...documents the performance of some of the basicoperations...". (Add a "the" after the second "of".) [size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 402, line after code cmpl %esi, %edx.1 -> cc.1."...compares the value in %esi ... with the newly computed value for %edx."Should read"... compares the newly computed value for %edx with the value in %esi ...."[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 405, second to last line of text. The reference shouldbe toFig 5.16, not to Fig 5.15.[size=-1]Posted 2/12/2004. Michael Trigoboff∙p. 405. last line. Should read "...parallel on cycle 3and..." rather than "cycles 3".[size=-1]Posted 3/16/2005. James Troup∙p. 409, 3rd line from bottom. "maximum loop index" shouldread"maximum array index".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 410, first text box. addl %edx, 3 should readaddl $3, %edx,in both the assembly instructions and the executionunit operations.[size=-1]Posted 7/01/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 410, Figure 5.20. addl %edx.0, 3 should readaddl$3, %edx.0.[size=-1]Posted 7/01/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 416. Formulae for PE_n and PO_n. Both should have n/2-1astheir upper bounds.[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 418, Figure 5.26. The figure shows two loadoperationsstarting at cycle 2 and two at cycle 3, but this would not be possiblewith a single load unit. The six load operationsshould begin at cycles 1 through 6 (from left to right). Thiswill not affect the overall programperformance.[size=-1]Posted 03/15/2005. Michael Trigoboff∙p. 421, second line of text. "accumulate sums" shouldread"accumulate products".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 421, Practice Problem 5.5, Part A, "being" should be"been".[size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 422, last line before Practice Problem 5.6Should be "addition" rather than "multiplication".[size=-1]Posted 03/13/2005. Inge Frick∙p. 423. last line. Should read "... (80-bit) ...".[size=-1]Posted 3/16/2005. James Troup∙p. 424, Figure 5.27. The entry for floating point addition thatis unrolled x4, parallelism x2 should also be shown in boldface,since it tied with unroll x8 parallelism x4.[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 425, Figure 5.28. The entry for floating point addition thatis unrolled x4, parallelism x2 should be shown in boldface,since it achieves better performance (2.34 vs.2.36) than does unrolling x8 parallelism x4.[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Randy Bryant∙p. 427, Figure 5.29. Comment on line 6 of assembly code.Itshould read "If >= 0, goto end".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 428, Practice Problem 5.7.Assembly code line 4 shouldreadcmovzl %edx,%eax[size=-1]Posted 11/10/2003. Tim Freeman∙p. 429, Section 5.13, second paragraph, "All of our programs...", should read "The loops of all of ourprograms ...".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 433, second paragraph. Drop "(a)" in the reference toFigure 5.33.[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 434, assembly code and its translation at the top of the page. The code given hastwo bugs: 1) the decl instruction does not set thecondition codes, and 2) the loop test should be jne, notjnc. The correct last two lines are: subl $1, %eax subl $1, %eax.0 --> %eax.1jne .l32 jne-taken cc.1[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 442, Line 3. "26946/1007" should read "26,946/1,021".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 442, Line 7. "2.70" should read "2.69".[size=-1]Posted 2/22/2006. Ricky Liu∙p. 447, Problem 5.12, Part A, "greater" should be "less".[size=-1]Posted 2/5/2004. Grant Davis∙p. 449, Problem 5.17, in text box column labeled "Execution unit operation". Code movl 4(%edx.0) should beload4(%edx.0).[size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang∙p. 449, Problem 5.18, in text box column labeled "Execution unit operation". Code movl 4(%edx.0) should beload4(%ecx.0).[size=-1]Posted 02/16/2004. Mark Morrissey∙p. 451, Problem 5.4 Solution, code for combine5px8. Fourthline should read:int limit = length - 7;[size=-1]Posted 6/23/2003. Daniel Amelang.[size=-1]Errata entry corrected 3/13/2004. Mark Morrissey.∙p. 453, Solution to Problem 5.6: The second line shouldread "...A3 and A4 take 5 cycles per iteration..."∙p. 453, Solution to Problem 5.7.The first sentence of the。
