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间接引语(indirect speech)
直接引语变间接引语面面观
一、如何变人称：
a.从句是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰时。
1. She said. “My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her . 2. He says, “ I am tired.” he is tired. He says
now ---- then today ---- that day yesterday --- the day before last week ---- the week before three days ago ---- three days before tomorrow ---- the next day next week ---- the next week
直接引语(direct speech)
She said that they had only one earth. They must keep their environment clean and tidy. They must try their best to protect her, and make their home more beautiful.”
1. He said，“I do it,”.
练 兵 场，小试身手二
---- He said that he did it. 2. “I have seen her before,” said he.
---- He said he had seen her before. 3. “I’m making coffee for you all,” she said. ---- She said she was making coffee for us all. 4. He said: “We will start tomorrow.”
2.地点状语,here 变 there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” →The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 3.指示代词修饰的状语，this 改为that, these改 为those He said, "This books is mine.“ →He said that book was his. 4. 动词的转变，come—go, bring—take
that week the day before
the week before four days before two days before
Conclusion（结论）：如果从句中的主语是第 一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按 照主句中主语的人称变化而变化，也称一随主。
b.从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所 修饰时。 1. Lucy asked Tom, “Can you help me?” he could help her . Lucy asked Tom if 2. He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯 性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变 （could, should, would, might）, 和已经是过去时的形式时， 不再变(ought to， had better, used to) 。
三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语， 状语变化有其内在规律，
1.时间状语，由“现在”改为“原来” （例：now变为then, yesterday为 the day before, today变为 that day等） He said, “I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then .
注意：以下几种情况时态 不变 ①直接引语是客观真理，或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍 然是事实时，经常用一般现在时。 The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .” moves →The teacher said to me the earth around the sun earth.
The doctor said, “You should stay in bed fo should stay in bed for 2 days.” Peter said. "You had better come here today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.
Conclusion（结论）：主句为过去时态时，从句 则一般都改成过去时态，也称：主过从过
直接引语变间接引语, 主句为过去时 时，从句时态要发生如下变化: 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时
2. 主句为一般现在时或将来时态时，
语法复习 直接引语和间接引语
(Direct speech and indirect speech)
What did she last sentences say?
She said “We have only one earth. We must keep our environment clean and tidy. We must try our best to protect her, and make our home more beautiful.”
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
1. 主句为过去式时
1) She said:” I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2) She said, "He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend。 Tom said,” I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” →Tom said he wasgoing to play basketball tomorrow.
( B ) 4.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” --- He often tells me that _____ will tell _____ about ______. A. I…you…them B. he…me…them C. he…you…us ( A )5. I shall tell him, “ I have written to you and her twice.” --- I shall tell him that ___ have written to ___ and ___ twice. A. I…him…her B. you…him…her C. I …you…me
1) He says, “I am tired.” → He says he is tired. 2) He will say, “The boy was lazy.” → He will say the boy was lazy.
Conclusion（结论）：主句为一般现在时或将来 时态时，间接引语的时态一般不变。
口诀：一随主, 二随宾，第三人称不更新。
练 兵 场，小试身手一
( B ) 1.She says, “I am happy.” ---- She says _____ is happy. A. I B. she C. you ( C ) 2. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ---- Mother asked me whether finished homework before watched TV. A. you my I B. she her you C. I my I ( C ) 3. We said to her, “ They’re playing basketball now.” --- We told her that playing basketball then. A. we were B. you are C. they were
直接引语
间接引语
that, those then, that day
指示代词
this, now,
these today
时 间 状 语
this week yesterday
last week four days ago the day before yesterday (前天） tomorrow next month here come, bring
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was reading when Tom came to see me”. →Jack said he was readingwhen Tom came to see him.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.
