下载文档原格式
University of South FloridaCollege of Behavioral & Community SciencesSchool of Social Work Scholarship ApplicationIncludes both Academic Merit andFinancial Need-Based AwardsBCS scholarship opportunities are provided through generous gifts from alumni, faculty and staff, corporations, foundations, and other friends who support USF and departments within the College of Behavioral & Community Sciences. BCS scholarships may be awarded based on Academic Merit, Financial Need, or both. Most are awarded on a competitive basis to the most commendable undergraduate and graduate applicants. Criteria vary and are used as minimum starting point for consideration; actual criteria may be applied more rigorously depending upon the size and qualifications of the applicant pool.Meeting the minimum criteria does not guarantee selection.General Requirements:Currently enrolled USF students (see specific awards for level, whether or not full-time is required,whether or not the award requires student be in a particular major, etc.)Designated USF Tampa students, in good standing with the Registrar, unless otherwise noted.The Grade Point Average (GPA) considered is based on the criteria described for each scholarship;most merit-based awards require a minimum 3.5 overall or major GPA.Deadlines:Effective 2/26/09, the deadline for USF scholarship applications and awarding will be established annually by the Assoc. V.P. for Enrollment Planning and Management; exceptions to the deadline must be approved by the University Director of Financial Aid.***Some awards have earlier application deadlines!** The above mentioned deadlines are the Fin Aid Office deadlines.In order to meet those deadlines, please submit your Social Work Application as earlyas possible.School of Social Work Scholarship GuidelinesPlease type or print clearly in blue or black ink. Follow all directions carefully. Complete the Coversheet and the Scholarship Application Form. Only complete application packets will be considered.Additional RequirementsSo me scholarships list “additional requirements” to submit along with the general application packet. These are notated in the Scholarship Database descriptions. If a separate essay or statement is required for a particular scholarship, be sure to include the name of the scholarship on the page as well as your name and USF ID number.Federal Financial AidIf you are applying for Financial Need-Based Scholarships, you will need to complete a federal Financial Aid form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, FAFSA, using USF’s Title IV school code: 001537. Estimated tax information can be used to complete the application. Apply between January 1 and March 1 to allow for receipt of the FAFSA application by the school prior to the scholarship deadline. Your scholarship application (for need-based scholarships) will not be complete until the school receives your FAFSA.GPA/Major InformationBy submitting an application packet, student acknowledges that GPA, major designation and other information will be confirmed via OASIS/Banner by Student Services Office prior to the application packet being forwarded to departments for further consideration.SignatureSign and date the completed application in the space provided to confirm that the information you provided on the application is correct. Originals only.Completed Application Packet should be submitted to the School of Social Work at the front desk of MGY 132 or scan and email to Beverly Rothman at ****************.edu.Packet must be post-marked or date-stamped by appropriate deadline (may vary by scholarship) for priority consideration. Once reviewed for completeness, application packet will be forwarded to appropriate Scholarship Committee for consideration.If you have any questions concerning your scholarship application, please contact Professor Sally Speer, Chair, Scholarship Committee, at *************.edu.Thanks for your interest in the School of Soci al Work’s Scholarships. We are pleased to include your application in the process.School of Social Work Scholarship Application CoversheetSubmit this coversheet with your Application____________________________________________________________________Name (Last, First, MI)____________________________________________________________________USF Identification number____________________________________________________________________Email address (USF-assigned address preferred)Please check only those scholarships for which you feel you meet the minimum requirements (individuals checking every scholarship listed will not be considered). Financial Need-based Scholarships require the FAFSA.Social Work Scholarships available at this time.□ Social Work Scholarship FundDescription: To provide financial support for undergraduate and graduate students in Social Work□ Margaret Wright Scholarship FundDescription: To provide financial support for graduate students in Social Work□ Cleo and Jerry Roberts Doctoral Student Support FundDescription: To support a doctoral student’s travel to a national or international conference topresent a paper or poster□ Tracie Merritt Carver Florida Kinship Center ScholarshipDescription: To provide financial support to Social Work students raised by relativesSchool of Social Work Scholarship Application Form1. STUDENT PROFILEStudent ID (U#):__________________________________First Name: __________________________ Last Name: _________________________Local Mailing Address: _______________________________________________________________ City, State, Zip: ___________________________________________________________________ Email address (USF email address preferred):_____________________________________County of residence:□ Hillsborough □ Other: ______________________What is your current class level?□ Freshman □ Junior □ 2nd Bachelors□ Sophomore □ Senior □ Masters/GraduateEthnic Group (Optional: If you wish to be identified with a particular ethnic group, please check the appropriate box below.) This information will not affect your eligibility for other scholarships.□ American Indian/Alaskan Native □ Asian/Pacific Islander □ Black, Non-Hispanic□ Hispanic □ Multi-Racial □ White, Non-Hispanic □ OtherII. ESSAYAn essay, one typewritten page maximum, which describes your career goals and interests. Some scholarships have special essay requirements, in addition to this personal statement.III. SCHOOL ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, LEADERSHIP.Two page maximum list of any academic honors, extracurricular activities, community service, research activities, etc.IV. LETTERS OF REFERENCEAt least two letters of reference, preferably three: 1) One from an education professional familiar with your academic work (REQUIRED); 2) One from a professional familiar with your extracurricular activities, community service, research activities or volunteer work (REQUIRED); 3) An additional letter of support from a non-family member.V. FINANCIAL NEEDIf you are applying for Financial Need-Based Scholarships, you will need to complete a federal Financial Aid form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, FAFSA. Apply between January 1, and March 1, to allow for receipt of your FAFSA application by the school prior to the scholarship deadline. Your scholarship application will not be complete until the school receives your FAFSA.VI. STUDENT CERTIFICATIONPlease read the following terms and conditions carefully before you sign the Social Work Scholarship Application. Failure to complete the application properly and not submitting application materials according to the directions will result in ineligibility for consideration.As part of the award process, and in recognition of donor commitment to the University, applicants selected as recipients of awards will be asked to provide a “Thank You” letter to the donor.The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is required for financial need-based scholarships. The USF Title IV school code is 001537. Apply between January 1 and March 1, to allow for sufficient time for the school to receive your FAFSA by the scholarship deadline.Scholarship awards may impact the amount and level of funding you receive from other sources of financial aid administered by the University.You will only receive notification if you have been selected for a scholarship.All application materials must be submitted or postmarked by 5:00 pm on the published deadline for priority consideration.By signing this application, you acknowledge the above and give permission to the School of Social Work and departmental staff involved in the scholarship award process to view your student records in order to verify your eligibility for scholarships.I certify that the statements contained in this application are true. I understand that fraudulentinformation will result in disqualification. I acknowledge that my educational information (including GPA and major designation) will be reviewed/confirmed in OASIS/Banner to be included with my packet before it is forwarded to scholarship committee for further consideration.________________________________________ ____________________________Signature DateCompleted Application Packet should be submitted to the School of Social Work to MGY 132 at the front desk or scan and email to Beverly Rothman at****************.edu. Packet must be post-marked or date-stamped by appropriate deadline (may vary by scholarship) for priority consideration. Once reviewed for completeness, application packet will be forwarded to appropriate scholarship committees for consideration.If you have any questions, please contact Professor Sally Speer, Chair, Scholarship Committee, at the School of Social Work at *************.edu.Thank you for your interest in our student scholarships.。
地理位置新加坡国立大学校园位于肯特岗下段（Lower Kent Ridge Road），位于新加坡西南部，离市中心12公里，距东郊樟宜机场（Cha ngi Airport）30分钟车程。
校园北界是亚逸拉惹高速公路（Ayer Rajah Expressway （AYE）），南界为巴西班让路（Pasir Panjang R d），西临金文泰路（Clementi Rd），东濒南波那维斯达路（South Buona Vista Rd）。
校区占地150公顷，前身是殖民地时代英军驻新加坡巴西班让（Pasir Panjang）空军基地。
校区被肯特岗大致分为前后两部分，前部为学区，行政楼，和康乐设施；后部主要是研究所和学生公寓。
校区毗邻新加坡科学园（Singapore Science Park）和国立大学医院（National University Hospital），科研条件十分便利。
校区南临巴西班让集装箱港口，可以俯瞰港区风光。
外界评价英国《泰晤士报》的《高等教育增刊》将国大评为世界五十强大学中的第18名，在亚洲地区，同日本的东京大学，中国的北京大学共为亚洲三甲。
——2004年11月5日世界大学工科和IT前10名。
——英国《泰晤士报》的《高等教育增刊》，2004年11月21日世界大学社会科学前10名，人文科学前20名。
——英国《泰晤士报》的《高等教育增刊》，2005年2月9日世界大学生物医学前25名。
——英国《泰晤士报》的《高等教育增刊》，2005年3月4日亚洲和澳洲最佳综合性大学的第五名——Asiaweek 2000工程论文发表量排名第十、电脑类论文发表量位居第十四,，材料科学类论文发表量名列第二十——Institute of Scientific Inform ation Essential Science Indicators 2002亚太地区MBA全日制课程首15名之一，并在亚细安排名第一——Asia Inc 2003世界首一百大MBA全日制课程提供者之一——Economist Intelligence Unit 2003 & Financial Times 2002学期设置每个新学年开始于每年七月的第二个星期一，到下一年的四月结束。
学校的主页你主要查看什么：三个方面1、学校的介绍－关键词一般是“Introduction”“About XXX”“President's Words”很容易找到，主页上一般都有这个单项。
当然，英语这玩意你现在还是感觉不如中文看着舒服，ok，看本站这个板的精华区吧，精华区内有200来所大学的中文介绍，好几个国家的，中国学生比较多的大学基本齐全了，其中不少学校的中文介绍还是美国大学直接提供给我们的，呵呵。
其实啊，说句不该说的话，你看国外大学自己的英文介绍，嘿，信息基本不太客观，呵呵，因为谁不给自己吹嘘吹嘘啊，还是多看看别的途径的介绍吧：）以及多问问板内的老生，得到更多更全面的信息。
2、研究生院主页－主要找几个东东。
关键词－“Graduate School”，有的直接写“Admi ssion”或“International Students”A、录取部分和奖学金部分，一般关键词是"Admission"，"Financial Support"，了解学校里对录取的要求（一般是基本条件，达不到则马上放弃该校，如GT、GPA成绩等），再了解学校对奖学金的信息（这个部分一般是全校性的，你不必太费时间，如果你合格，系里会考虑给你申请的）；B、联系方式及申请材料寄送问题，申请材料要送研究生院还是系里，还是两者都要一份，申请表可以下载么，还有哪些不能下载的么，如果有哪里得到？是否还要问系里要系里设计的申请表格等；C、截止日期，deadline，很重要啊，错过了就基本不被考虑了；D、申请费，有的还可以免，呵呵，但你特别想去的就省几顿饭交了安心；申请费差别还不小，有的25美元，有的快100了：（3、系/院里主页－关键词“Academy”A、录取要求，系里有的会提出和研究生院不同的要求，这个要求一般会比研究生的高，一定要注意；B、奖学金信息，一般不见得很多，但如果有一定要看看，一般会有张系里设计的表格让你填自己的Financial Support.C、有没有你要申请的项目，如有的学校只提供硕士项目，有的只提供博士，有的两者都有，有的博士项目还有好几个不同的项目设计，有的还给你推荐什么和别的系合作的交叉项目等等，一定要有自己感兴趣的项目，你才能申请，否则你申请了，也不会接受你的，比较好的小米会一开始就告诉你，有的等你套词好久了，甚至有的都把申请材料寄出去了，才发现没有那个项目，或原来认定的项目现在只有硕士的了，哭笑不得啊；D、截止日期，有的系里要求可能会与研究生略有不同，以两者较早的那个为准；E、材料寄送信息，系里负责录取的小米的联系方式；F、教授信息，Faculty，一般会列出教授副教授兼职教授的简介含研究方向与教的课程，不少教授还有url连接，连到自己的主页或更详细的介绍，如果有这个就非常好了，里面你可以看到教授的出版论文书籍题目，研究课题题目，所教课程名，以及一些兼职的研究经历，担任什么组织的职位等等。
如果你想要出国留学，泰国是一个不错的选择留学国家。
泰国不仅仅有美食，还有各种美景，并且有高品质的高校教学。
随着东南亚发展的迅速崛起，泰国作为东南亚国家的重要成员之一，它在亚洲乃至世界的曝光率在不断老师小编的步伐了解下泰国留学资讯，一起去看看泰国有哪些值得考虑的大学吧！1、泰国先皇理工大学泰国先皇理工大学（拉卡邦）（英语：King Mongkut‘s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang简称：KMITL）位于泰国首都曼谷市内，是曼谷市的主要研究和教育机构之一。
学校于1960年在暖武里府建立的，该中心后被命名为暖武里电信研究所，之后搬迁到位于苏瓦纳彭机场附近的拉卡邦。
在1982年KMITL颁发了国家的第一个电机工程专业的博士学位，并且把电机工程博士学位授予给Chom Kimpan博士，其也是泰国大学准许的第一个工程博士。
现如今，泰国先皇理工大学（拉卡邦）提供学士学位，硕士学位和博士学位的学习，学校占地约2500亩，目前在校生25000人左右，学校现有十六个学院，2个校区，一个在拉卡邦，一个在春蓬府乌冬撒。
学院如下：工程学院、建筑学院、科学学院、农科学院、工业技术教育学院、农工业学院、通讯科技学院、工商管理学院、艺术学院、护理学院、国际学院、拉卡邦科技学院、高等制造业创新学院、教育学创新学院、国际航空工业学院、音乐学院。
与2017年，在泰晤士报高等教育中排名位于泰国高等院校第五名（亚洲排名187-190）。
2、泰国曼谷皇家理工大学曼谷皇家理工大学（UTK）,Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep,位于曼谷市中心，是泰国规模最大的公立大学，校区位于泰国首都曼谷最繁华的商业中心（Silom），学校周边是世界五百强企业，四大会计事务所和各国大使馆及总领事馆，交通便捷，生活便利。
学校在校生一万三千多人，师资阵容强大，90%教师拥有名校博士学位和海外留学背景，并享有泰国皇室主持毕业典礼，颁发毕业证书的殊荣。
An Application Letter for Ph.D. DegreeSchool of Civil EngineeringShandong Jianzhu UniversityMarch 12, 2020Fengming Road 1000, Jinan 250101P.R. ChinaMr. John P. CaterPhD Admissions OfficeUniversity of SydneyCamperdown New South Wales 2006Dear Mr. Cater,I am now a full-time graduate student in the School of Civil Engineering, my major in geotechnical engineering. It is expected to receive a master's degree in July 2020. I am very much interested in pursuing a doctor’s degree in numerical modeling and forecasting methods at the Geotechnical Department of University of Sydney. From my review of graduate programs and discussion with my professors, I find that University of Sydney has the largest college geotechnical technology team in the Australiawith a large academic and support staff. The scientific study of geotechnical engineering study for several years and the deeper yearning inspired me to challenge a doctorate in rock soil. Because I want to become a successful scientist. If possible, I intend to enter in the autumn of 2020.In my postgraduate years, I have worked hard and attended academic meetings. As you can see from my curriculum vitae, my grade points of major courses is 4.3/5.0 and I have remained top 5% of about 100 students.I once attended the meeting that a Chinese-American scientist Professor Genhua Shi exchanged about "the present and future of engineering numerical methods" at Shandong University. I have been working on crack propagation with my graduate teacher, and we are recognized by the industry. On the one hand because of my excellence in study and research, I have been awarded scholarships several times. On the other,I have published articles on numerical simulation in some core journals.Furthermore,I am preparing for the exams of CET 6 (College English Test-6) and TOEFL. I believe I can pass .I would be grateful if you would send me the application forms for admission and financial support at your earliest convenience. Thank you for your consideration.I look forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours,Tao Gao。
亚琛应用科技大学 Aachen University of Applied Sciences学校简介亚琛应用科技大学位于德国工业的心脏、现代化的技术中心、文化和媒体之州——北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，成立于1971年，拥有区域性大学自然科学学科教研中心、研究开发中心和技术转化中心，是德国规模最大的应用科技大学之一，也是德国同类大学中最好的大学，其电气工程及机械工程专业在全德同类大学中排名第一位。
所在城市亚琛是全德著名大学城，也是世界上十大高科技密集区之一，大学与工业企业和研究中心紧密结合，吸引了国际上众多知名的企业;其紧临的德国最大、最好的于利希研究中心也是世界领先的高科技区域之一。
亚琛应用科技大学现有11000多名学生，其中19%为国际学生，教授220名， 600名教职人员。
设有10个系，本硕共60多个专业，配有200个实验室及车间。
课程着重理论和实践的结合，学科设置适应当前应用科学技术的发展，鉴于其教学与科研实力，该校得到联邦政府、州政府、欧盟、各界工商企业的大量资助，也吸引着越来越多的学生选择报读该大学。
合作院校此项目是第一个德国联邦政府特批的可招收中国高中毕业生的交流合作项目，招生对象为高中毕业生。
目前参与的合作院校有7所：亚琛应用科技大学、杜伊斯堡-埃森大学、比勒菲尔德应用科技大学、西南法伦应用科技大学、莱茵-瓦尔应用科技大学、科隆应用科技大学和下莱茵应用科技大学。
86留学网中介专家提示：参加该项目德语授课的预科毕业后可进入亚琛应用科技大学等7所合作院校或申请北威州任意一所大学德语授课的相关专业。
英语或双语授课的预科毕业后可在7所合作院校开始本科英语授课专业的学习。
主要专业(亚琛应用科技大学及合作院校)英/德：应用化学、生物医学工程、电气工程、机械工程、物理工程、土木工程、自动化和控制工程学、计算机工程学、计算机科学与通信工程、计算力学、电气和电子工程、冶金和金属材料成型等德文：企业管理/商学、商学、航空和航天、企业经济学等(亚琛应用科技大学);其他合作院校及北威州大学众多德语授课专业。
江苏省怀仁中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月阶段检测英语试题一、阅读理解Application Developer (SQL) — the Schindler GroupGeneral descriptionRemote Monitoring and Customer Solutions is the global competence centre within the Schindler Group for new service offerings and products. Our mission is to create technical solution implementations for the new business models and enhance customer experience by using cutting edge technology. We are developing digital products from idea to industrialization. To further strengthen our international team, we are looking for an experienced Application Developer with a focus on supporting mission critical SQL databases (SQL Server), with an application based on C#NET, SQL Server and Azure.Role and responsibilities● Monitor and support databases including tuning, optimization, and ongoing maintenance.● Develop high quality solutions, bug fixes and new features with the development teams.● Support users by troubleshooting application issues, identifying root causes, and taking measures accordingly.● Testing and debugging of new applications.Job Type: PermanentWe offer:● Dynamic team, flat hierarchies (扁平化的管理制度) and direct communication● Flexible working hours and home office● Above-average retirement allowance and generous holiday entitlement We look forward to receiving your application!1．What do we know about the Schindler Group?A．It is a website.B．It provides digital service.C．It is an advertising company.D．It provides a part-time position.2．What quality must a job applicant have in order to get this job?A．Technological ability.B．Ability to start new businesses.C．Management experience.D．Experiences in international companies. 3．What benefit can you get from this job?A．Free training on SQL.B．Below-average working hours.C．Generous welfare, D, Remaining in the job permanently.The Earth’s population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Experts estimate food production will have to increase by 70 percent to keep pace with that growth. Previous methods of agriculture will soon no longer be an option. According to a 2018 study, we have to turn away from meat and dairy products.U.S. customers have proved themselves willing to test the waters. Americans spent $1.4 billion on plant-based meat in 2021, representing a market share of 2.7 percent of all meat sales. The plant-based food companies claim their burgers use less land and water and produce less greenhouse gases. But, consider the possibility that we left our most promising resource behind in the ocean. Will you swap meat for seaweed?“I think seaweed needs branding(品牌),” says Mark Kulsdom, co-founder of the memorably-named Dutch Weed Burger. As Kulsdom explained Dutch Weed Burgers are vegetarian but for meat eaters. A decade after launching their first product, he and his partners now sell about quarter of a million burgers each year.Ultimately, Kulsdom is striving for a culture change. “I believe we need to raise interest sometimes by using a bit of an unorthodox (非正统的) approach to things,” he adds. “When people get what they already know, it’s not that interesting. When their curiosity is awakened, that’s when new things and ideas can enter their minds.”In 2008, researchers discovered 14,000-year-old seaweed fragments (碎片) in southern Chile that had been pressed into cakes and clearly been cooked. As they wrote in Science, all seaweed recovered at the site are excellent sources of iodine, iron, zinc, protein, hormones and a wide range of elements. Though Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger sounds futuristic, one could argue that they’re revisiting one of the oldest stories we know.4．How are plant-based burgers according to the companies?A．They are healthy.B．They are nutritious.C．They are delicious.D．They are environmentally friendly. 5．What does the underlined word “striving” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Leaving.B．Struggling.C．Preparing.D．Waiting.6．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Chile is rich in seaweed.B．Seaweed was the major food source in Chile.C．People have long been using seaweed as food.D．Mark Kulsdom’s Dutch Weed Burger is too futuristic.7．Where is the text most likely from?A．A newspaper.B．A science fiction.C．A travel guide.D．A textbook.I’ve bought many things without thinking too much in my life, but the first one that I found uneasy was a pair of Nike VaporMax shoes. It was in July 2018, and I was mindlessly tapping through Instagram updates while waiting for friends. That’s where I saw the advertisement for the shoes.The order took maybe 15 seconds. Almost as soon as I’d paid, I quickly shook off the excitement that had briefly overtaken me, $190 poorer but with one pair of shoes on their way to my apartment. I had completed some version of the online checkout process a million times before, but never could I remember it being quite so thoughtless.That experience wasn’t the result of any just-to-the-market technology. Instead, a handful of small changes to online shopping had grown into something meaningful: Advertisers were collecting stores of personal information with which to target their advertising. Retailers (零售商) were offering free shipping and free returns on everything — buy now, decide later. The widespread use of online payment shortcuts such as Apple Pay was making it unnecessary to create a new account. “Buy now, pay later” services were beginning to appear at more retailers to soften the blow of spending.In the consumer system, friction refers to anything that slows down a potential buyer on the path toward completing a buying journey. About 70 percent of online shopping carts (购物车) are left unfinished without a sale, which suggests that potential buyers can easily derail their plans tobuy. Sometimes, the realization that you’ll need to get up and get your wallet is enough to prevent you from ending up with a new T-shirt.When buying something feels like making a real choice, you have more opportunities to slow down and consider whether it might be the wrong one. Even with the smoothest shopping experience, there’s still the risk of waste, of future inconvenience, of money lost in the fine print. Frictionless shopping might be convenient, in a sense, but it’s a bad system for making good decisions.8．What happened after the author paid for the pair of Nike shoes?A．He felt a bit regretful.B．He decided to live a healthy life.C．He became very picky about shoes.D．He shared his excitement with his friends.9．What aspect of online shopping is mainly stressed in paragraph 3?A．Its variety.B．Its convenience.C．Its personalization.D．Its competitive pricing.10．What does the underlined word “derail” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Make.B．Show.C．Discuss.D．Stop.11．What advice does the author probably give in the last paragraph?A．Shop online to save time.B．Only shop online for future use.C．Save money by shopping online.D．Think twice before shopping online.The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike.A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were morelikely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways.The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer.Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not so easy to accept.12．How does the author develop paragraph 2?A．By telling personal stories.B．By providing research findings.C．By comparing different career paths.D．By making remarks on scientific reports. 13．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean?A．Lateral moves involve gaining new skills.B．Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes.C．Transferring between teams leads to a larger network.D．Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves.14．What do many managers think of lateral career moves?A．They are a way to keep talent within the company.B．They are seen as a threat to the manager’s own positions.C．They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team.D．They could contribute to the company's growth in the long run.15．Who may embrace lateral moves?A．Bosses who value short-term profits.B．Employees who are eager for more skills.C．Managers who appreciate long-term stability.D．Job hunters who are interested insmaller firms.How to pick the best place for a much-needed refreshment? If you’re like most people, a simple clue is likely to vary your choice. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. 16 Early diners with no meaningful clues as to which restaurant to choose may have picked their evening eatery at random, for example selecting the place with the nicest name or the smiliest waiter. The following passers-by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well-informed decision and blindly followed their example. 17 Ever-increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, which could have led to a bad dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant.V oluntarily copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour.”It is a frequent occurrence amongst humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. 18In an earlier article, I discussed the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which suggests that average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort. 19 Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision.20 Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, herd behaviours typically rely on so-called “information cascades (瀑布)”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically appraising the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of unreasonable or simply stupid behaviours.A．But is this true?B．It is therefore an easy option.C．After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.D．Herding can appear to make a lot of sense.E．This could have resulted in a snow-balling effect.F．Herd behaviours, while easy to explain, hold significant dangers.G．The number of diners is unlikely to indicate the quality of the meal.二、完形填空At 33, I did something brave, or some would say stupid. I 21 Congress (国会). For years, I had existed safely 22 the scenes in politics as an organizer, but in my heart, I always wanted to run. The polls (投票), however, told a very 23 story. I only got 19 percent of the vote. Despite the result, this was the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn’t worry about being 24 .In 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code. We immediately see our girls’ 25 of not being perfect. When the girls are first learning how to code, she’ll say, “I don’t know what 26 to write.” and shows a 27 text editor. But if the teacher presses undo a few times, she’ll see her student wrote code and then 28 it. Instead of showing the 29 that she made, she’d rather show nothing at all.Some people worry about our budget deficit (赤字), but I worry about our 30 deficit. Most girls are raised to 31 risk and failure. This is 32 women are underrepresented in STEM, in Congress, and pretty much everywhere you look. We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with 33 , and we’ve got to do it now. We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the most potential to 34 their lives, and we have to show them that they will be loved and 35 not for being perfect but for being courageous.21．A．ran for B．lied to C．voted against D．traded with 22．A．on B．off C．inside D．behind 23．A．classic B．simple C．different D．complex 24．A．risky B．perfect C．stupid D．beautiful 25．A．fear B．effort C．trouble D．struggle 26．A．code B．answer C．deficit D．character 27．A．random B．blank C．marked D．broken 28．A．used B．saved C．cracked D．deleted 29．A．mess B．success C．progress D．difference 30．A．honesty B．bravery C．generosity D．determination 31．A．face B．avoid C．admit D．expect32．A．why B．how C．when D．where 33．A．doubt B．danger C．uncertainty D．imperfection 34．A．earn B．risk C．impact D．enjoy 35．A．inspired B．accepted C．tolerated D．protected三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
AS/NZS 3499:2006Australian/New Zealand Standard ™Water supply—Flexible hose assembliesAS/NZS 3499:2006s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee W S-001, W ater Fittings. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 14 August 2006 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 18 August 2006.This Standard was published on 4 October 2006.The following are represented on Committee WS-001: AUSTAPAustralian Industry GroupAustralian Stainless Steel Development Association Building Officials Institute of New Zealand Certification Interests (Australia)Copper Development Centre—Australia Master Plumbers Association of NSWMaster Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers New Zealand New Zealand Association of Plumbing Distributors Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia Plastics New ZealandQueensland Brassware Industry Advisory Panel South Australian Water Corporation Testing Interests (Australia)Water Corporation Western AustraliaKeeping Standards up-to-dateStandards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased.Detailed information about joint Australian/New Zealand Standards can be found by visiting the Standards W eb Shop at .au or Standards New Zealand web site at and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full details of all current Standards. For more frequent listings or notification of revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services, users should contact their respective national Standards organization.W e also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006Australian/New Zealand Standard ™Water supply—Flexible hose assembliesOriginated in Australia as AS 3499—1992. Second Edition 1995.Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 3499:1997. Second Edition 2006.COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by ny me ns, electronic or mech nic l, including photocopying, without the written s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006 2PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee WS-001, Water Fittings, to supersede AS/NZS 3499:1997, Flexible tube connectors for water supply .The objective of this Standard is to specify requirements for flexible hose assemblies for use with both heated water and cold-water supplies with a maximum heated water temperature of 90°C used for applications aboveground, accessible and not submerged. Nominal sizes range up to DN 20, a maximum length of 2 m and with a working pressure not exceeding 1.4 MPa at 20°C.The performance tests are based on the European Standard EN 13618-1, Hose assembly—Flexible hose assembly , Part 1: Product standard for flexible hose assembly (with or without braiding). It is intended to publish a specification for semi flexible hose assemblies in line with performance tests in EN 13618-2, Water supply—Hose assembly , Part 2: Semi-rigid hose assembly .The selection of flexible hose assemblies for various operating environments is the responsibility of the installer, applying the guidance of the manufacturer on the suitability of product for the particular application.The term ‘normative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 20083 AS/NZS 3499:2006CONTENTSPage1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................42 APPL I CAT ION (4)3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS..................................................................................4 4 DEF I N I T I ONS............................................................................................................45 S I ZE DES I GNAT I ON................................................................................................46 MATER IALS..............................................................................................................5 7 DES IGN (6)8 PERFORMANCE REQU IREMENTS........................................................................6 9 MARK I NG.................................................................................................................7 10 PRODUCT DOCUMENTAT ION (8)APPENDICESA MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD.......9B LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................12C WATERTIGHTNESS................................................................................................13 D TESTS ON FLEXIBLE HOSE ASSEMBLIES (15)s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006 4STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDAustralian/New Zealand Standard Water supply—Flexible hose assemblies1 SCOPEThis Standard specifies requirements for flexible hose assemblies for use with both heated water and cold-water supplies with a maximum heated water temperature of 90°C used for applications aboveground, accessible and not submerged. Nominal sizes range up to DN 20, a maximum length of 2 m and with a working pressure not exceeding 1.4 MPa at 20°C.NOTE: Certi fi cati on under the Plumbi ng Code of Australi a i s mandatary i n Australi a but not i n New Zealand.2 APPLICATIONMeans for demonstrating compliance with this Standard shall be in accordance with Appendix A.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe documents referenced in this Standard are listed in Appendix B. 4 DEFINITIONSFor the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 3500.0 and those below apply.4.1 Flexible hose assembly 1A hose assembly intended for use between a pipe work system and a fixture, fitting, valve, tap, appliance or similar, that is capable of being easily moved or bent in any direction without damage. The flexible hose assembly may consist of an inner liner and an outer reinforcement braid or sleeve with secured end connectors to ensure watertightness.2The internal hose in contact with the fluid being made from elastomeric or thermoplastic material.4.2 Semi-flexible hose assemblyA hose assembly intended to perform the same applications as a flexible hose but made from less flexible plastic, thermoplastic or composite materials and used for connection between fixed points. 4.3 WarrantyA statement by the manufacturer or supplier of a product, which states that the product is suitable for use under specified conditions. The conditions may be limits on water pressure, water temperature or any other operation circumstance. 5 SIZE DESIGNATIONThe size by which a flexible tube is designated shall be related to the size of the bore. The designated size shall be in the range DN 2 to DN 20.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 20085 AS/NZS 3499:20066 MATERIALS 6.1 GeneralAll materials in contact with water shall be corrosion resistant and suitable for use incontact with drinking water (see Clause 8.10).For the purpose of this Standard, the following materials shall be deemed to be corrosion resistant: (a) Plastic materials as specified in Clause 6.2. (b) Copper as specified in Clause 6.3.1. (c) Copper alloy as specified in Clause 6.3.2. (d)Stainless steel as specified in Clause 6.3.3.6.2 Plastic materials 6.2.1 GeneralPlastic materials used in hose assemblies, or their components, shall meet all of the performance requirements of this Standard.NOTE: Consi derati on should be gi ven to the reacti on of plasti cs wi th other materi als duri ng normal li fe span and use. Characteri sti cs to be taken i nto account should i nclude compati bi li ty and resistance to variations in water quality and elevated temperatures.6.2.2 AcetalAcetal plastics used for structural components that are in contact with the water supply shall be copolymer.NOTE: This statement may apply to other plastics.6.3 Metallic materials 6.3.1 CopperCopper shall comply with the following: (a) Wrought products—AS 2738. (b)Tubular components—Copper pipe complying with AS 1432 or NZS 3501.6.3.2 Copper alloyCopper alloy shall comply with the following: (a) Castings—AS 1565 or BS EN 1982 and a lead content of less than 4.5%. (b) Hot pressings—AS/NZS 1568.(c)Rod for machined parts—AS/NZS 1567. (d) Tubular components—Copper alloy pipe complying with AS 1572 alloy designationC 26130. Where bent or stamped in the fabrication process, the pipe to be sufficiently stress-relieved, so that it is capable of passing the mercurous nitrate test specified in AS 2136 after all fabrication processes are completed.NOTE: AS 2136 requi res that the enti re hose component be tested before any coati ng or plating operation.(e) Copper alloys, where used underground and/or in contact with water—to bedezinfication-resistant in accordance with AS 2345.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006 66.3.3 Stainless steelStainless steel shall comply with the following: (a)Wrought components—ASTM A276 or AS 2837, series 300 and grades UNS S32750, S32304, S31803, S31500 Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels.(b) Tubular components—ASTM A269 or AS 1769 and grades UNS S32750, S32304,S31803, S31500 Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels. (c)Wire braiding—ASTM A269 or AS 1769 and grades UNS S32750, S32304, S31803, S31500 Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels.7 DESIGN7.1 End connectors 7.1.1 GeneralThe design configuration shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer subject to compliance with the performance requirements of this Standard. All end connectors shall be capable of making a watertight joint when connected and tightened in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 7.1.2 ThreadsThreads other than when intended to be used for a specific design connection shall comply with AS 3688.7.1.3 Thread engagementThe length of thread engagement on assembly, when torqued to the manufacturer’s recommended specification, shall allow a minimum of 3 full threads up to and including DN 20. The number of full threads shall be counted when the threaded joint is assembled with washers or seals. 7.2 Working temperatures The working temperature shall be—(a) up to 60°C for cold water applications; and (b)up to 90°C for heated water applications.8 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 8.1 GeneralA single flexible hose assembly unit complete with end connections shall pass the performance tests in accordance with this Standard. Each test shall require a separate sample of the same kind unless otherwise specified. 8.2 WatertightnessWhen tested in accordance with Appendix C, the tube and fittings shall show no signs of cracks, leakage or other failure. 8.3 Preparation of samplesSamples to be used in type testing shall be conditioned by the accelerated heat-aging test specified in Paragraph D3, Appendix D. 8.4 Tensile stress resistanceThe hose assembly shall pass the minimum tensile force test, as stated in Table D1 and as s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 20087 AS/NZS 3499:20068.5 Hydraulic strength testThe hose assembly shall be resistant to internal water pressure of 3 MPa. It shall be testedas specified in Paragraph D5, Appendix D. During and after this test, the hose assembly shall show no cracks, damage or leakage. 8.6 Hydraulic pulsation durability testA flexible hose assembly shall be tested in accordance with Paragraph D6, Appendix D and AS/NZS 3707. At the completion of the test, the flexible hose assembly shall then be tested in accordance with Appendix C and shall show no signs of cracks, leakage, or other failure. 8.7 Test of resistance to pressure jumpsThe hose assembly shall be tested for connection with the fixed part of the water supply in accordance with Paragraph D7, Appendix D. After testing, the hose assembly shall show no signs of cracks, leakage, or other failure. 8.8 Temperature variation testThe hose assembly shall be tested for its ability to withstand temperature variations in accordance with Paragraph D8, Appendix D. After testing, the hose assembly shall show no signs of cracks, leakage, or other failure. 8.9 Bending testFlexible hoses shall be tested in accordance with Paragraph D9, Appendix D under the conditions specified in Table 1. When measured, the ovality shall not exceed 15% of the outside tube diameter.TABLE 1BENDING RADIUS, LENGTH OF SPECIMEN AND TENSILE FORCENominal sizeDNInternal radiusR mmLength of test specimenmmTensile forceNDN 6 25 400 to 450 15 DN 8 30 400 to 450 15 DN 10 35 500 to 550 20 DN 1345 600 to 660 30 DN 15 60 700 to 770 35 DN 2080900 to 1 000508.10 Contamination of waterProducts and materials in contact with drinking water shall comply with AS/NZS 4020. 8.11 Elastomeric materials—Compression setElastomeric materials/components shall be tested to AS 1683.13 at 70°C for 22 h. The compression set shall not exceed 20%. 9 MARKINGFlexible hose assemblies shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following: (a)Manufacturer’s name, brand or trademark (b) WaterMark (c) Licence number.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008AS/NZS 3499:2006 8(d) Letter ‘H’, the word ‘Hot’ or a durable red indicator for flexible hoses for heatedwater applications; with the letter ‘C’, the word ‘Cold’ or a durable blue indicator for cold-water applications.NOTE: A hose that i s compli ant for heated water appli cati on i s automati cally sui table for cold-water appli cati ons. Manufacturers may mark hoses wi th both colours to i ndi cate i t i s suitable for both heated and cold-water.(e) The number of this Standard, i.e., AS/NZS 3499.NOTE: Manufacturers mak i ng a statement of compl i ance w i th th i s Austral ian/New Zealand Standard on a product, packaging or promotional material related to that product, are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.10 PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION10.1 Installation instructionsFlexible hose assembly requiring assembly and/or fitting, as part of the installation processshall be accompanied by installation instructions in the English language, including an adequate description of installation requirements including tightening torques, minimum bend radius, operating temperature, pressure limitations and UV degradation due to weathering or any other limiting factor.The installation instructions shall include clauses reflecting the requirements of the Plumbing Code of Australia, New Zealand Building Code and AS/NZS 3500 series of Standards, including any limitations on the product’s use. 10.2 WarrantyAll products shall be supplied with a manufacturer’s warranty in the form of a statement. The warranty may be stamped on the product, printed on the packaging or included as partof the installation instructions.NOTE: Note a mater al or product d splay ng a cert f cat on mark but w thout the requ red warranty is not an authorized product.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008APPENDIX AMEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD(Normative)A1 SCOPEThis Appendix sets out the means by which compliance with this Standard has to bedemonstrated by a manufacturer under the WaterMark product certification scheme. A2 RELEVANCEThe long-term performance of plumbing systems is critical to the durability of building infrastructure, protection of public health and safety, and protection of the environment. A3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONThe purpose of product certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the manufacturer that products comply with this Standard.The certification scheme serves to indicate that the products consistently conform to the requirements of this Standard.The sampling and testing plan, as detailed in Paragraph A5 and Table A1, shall be used by the Conformity Assessment Body. Where a batch release testing program is required, it shall be carried out as detailed in Paragraph A5 and Table A2, by the manufacturer. A4 DEFINITIONS A4.1 Batch release testA test performed by the manufacturer on a batch of components, which has to be satisfactorily completed before the batch can be released. A4.2 Production batchClearly identifiable collection of units, manufactured consecutively or continuously under the same conditions, using material or compound to the same specification.A4.3 SampleOne or more units of product drawn from a batch, selected at random without regard to quality.NOTE: The number of units of product in the sample is the sample size.A4.4 Sampling planA specific plan that indicates the number of units of components or assemblies to be inspected.A4.5 Type test batchSchedule of units of the same type, identical dimensional characteristics, all the same nominal diameter and wall thickness, from the same compound. The batch is defined by the manufacturer.A4.6 Type testing (TT)Testing performed to demonstrate that the material, component, joint or assembly is capable of conforming to the requirements given in the Standard.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008A5 TESTING A5.1 Type testingTable A1 sets out the requirements for type testing and frequency of re-verification. A5.2 Batch release testingTable A2 sets out the minimum sampling and testing frequency plan for a manufacturer to demonstrate compliance of product(s) to this Standard on an ongoing basis. However,where the manufacturer can demonstrate adequate process control to the ConformityAssessment Body, the frequency of the sampling and testing nominated by the manufacturer’s quality plan and/or documented procedures shall take precedence for the purposes of WaterMark product certification. A5.3 RetestingIn the event of a test failure, the products within the batch shall be retested so as to ensure that only those batches found to comply may be claimed and/or marked as complying with this Standard.TABLE A1 TYPE TESTINGCharacteristic ClauseRequirementTest methodFrequencyMarking 9 Labelling/marking Review ofdocumentation/physicalexaminationAt any change in design10.1Installation instructionsReview ofdocumentation/physical examinationProductdocumentation10.2 WarrantyReview ofdocumentation/physical examinationAt any change in design6Corrosion resistance, plastic, copper/copper alloy, stainless steel etc.Relevant StandardAt any change in design and material formulationMaterials8.11 Elastomeric materials A S 1683.13At any change in design or material formulationDesign 7 End connectionsWater tightness test inaccordance withAppendix C and relevantStandard for thread engagement and Clause 8.4 (b)At any change in design and material formulation8.4Tensile stress resistanceHeat aged samples as described in Paragraph D4, Appendix D 8.5 Hydraulic strength testAs described in Paragraph D5, Appendix D Performance8.6Hydraulic pulsation durabilityAs described in Paragraph D6, At any change inmaterials, formulation, design or manufacturing process and a not less than once per year for each nominal size for Clauses 10.5 to 10.9s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008Characteristic ClauseRequirementTest method Frequency8.7Test resistance of pressure jumpsAs described inParagraph D7, Appendix D8.8 Temperature variationAs described in Paragraph D8, Appendix D8.9 Bending As described in Paragraph D9, Appendix DAt any change inmaterials, formulation, design or manufacturing process and a not less than once per year for each nominal size for Clauses 10.5 to 10.98.10Contamination of water AS/NZS 4020Performance8.11 Compression setIn accordance with Clause 10.11At any change inmaterials, formulation or design; or every five years, whichever occurs firstA6 Batch testsWhere the manufacturer can demonstrate adequate process control to the Conformity Assessment Body, the frequency of sampling and testing nominated in the manufacturer’s quality plan and/or documented procedures shall take precedence for the purpose of product certification.Alternatively, the tests set out in Table A2 shall be undertaken on product at a laboratory recognized by the Conformity Assessment Body or by the manufacturer/supplier using their own calibrated testing equipment.TABLE A2 BATCH TESTSCharacteristic ClauseRequirementTest methodFrequencyMarking 9 Labelling/markingReview ofdocumentation/physical examinationOnce per batch6.2 Non-metallicRelevant Standards Materials6.3Metallic—corrosion resistance and material gradeReview materials parts lists and compliance certificates Once per batch8.2 WatertightnessAppendix C8.4 Tensile stress resistanceProduction samples as described inParagraph D4, Appendix D Performance8.11 Compression setIn accordance withClause 10.11Once per batchTABLE A1 (continued )s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008APPENDIX BLIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS(Normative)AS 1349 Bourdon tube pressure and vacuum gauges 1432 Copper tubes for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage applications 1565 Copper and copper alloys—Ingots and castings1572 Copper and copper alloys—Seamless tubes for engineering purposes 1683 Methods of test for elastomers 1683.1 Part 1: Rubber latex—Sampling1769 Welded stainless steel tubes for plumbing applications2136 Method for detecting the susceptibility of copper and its alloys to stress corrosion cracking using the mercurous nitrate test 2345 Dezincification resistance of copper alloys2837 Wrought alloy steels—Stainless steel bars and semi-finished products2738 Copper and copper alloys—Compositions and designations of refinery products, wrought products, ingots and castings2831 Thermometers—Solid stem—Long and short—For precision use 3688Water supply—Metallic fittings and end connectorsAS/NZS 1567 Copper and copper alloys—Wrought rods, bars and sections 1568 Copper and copper alloys—Forging stock and forgings 3500 Plumbing and drainage 3500.0Part 0: Glossary of terms3707 Method for testing pressure cycling resistance of pipes and fittings 4020 Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water NZS 3501Specification for copper tubes for water, gas, and sanitationASTM A269 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless SteelTubing for General Service A276Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesBSEN 1982 Copper and copper alloys. Ingots and castings PCA Plumbing Code of Australia NZBCNew Zealand Building Codes e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008APPENDIX CWATERTIGHTNESS(Normative)C1 SCOPEThis Appendix sets out a method for the hydraulic pressure testing of a flexible tubeassembly for heated water and cold-water applications. C2 PRINCIPLEThe flexible tube assembly is connected to a hydraulic pump system and pressurized. The tube and end connectors are then inspected for cracks, leakage or other failure. C3 APPARATUSThe following apparatus is required: (a)Pressurizing system A hydraulic system capable of producing the specified test pressure without shock or pulsations.(b)End connections The test specimen shall be supported and held in a suitable jig so that no external force is applied. Pressure shall be applied through one of the end connections. The other end shall be fitted with a valve capable of permitting air to be purged from the system and the flexible tube assembly under test.(c)Pressure gauge An industrial pressure gauge complying with AS 1349 and capable of indicating the required test pressure to within 2% of the true value.NOTE: D g tal or analog pressure gauges, wh ch can be shown to prov de the requ red i ndi cati ng capabi li ti es and have accuracy characteri sti cs at least equal to i ndustri al gauges complying with AS 1349, may be used.(d)Torque wrench A suitable wrench to allow torque to be applied to end connectors. (e)Magnifying lens , at least a 10×.(f)Testing environment Provision shall be made to test fittings in ambient conditions.C4 PROCEDUREThe procedure shall be as follows:(a) Connect the flexible tube assembly to the pressurizing system and tighten the endconnectors to the manufacturer’s recommended requirements. (b) Fill the assembly with water. Ensure that all air is bled from the system. (c) Pressurize the flexible tube assembly to 3.0 +0.1, −0 MPa for 15 −0 +5 min.(d) Maintain the water temperature and pressure for the duration of the test in accordance with Paragraph C3 (f).(e) Observe any leakage and record and report any leakage or other failure.(f)Following removal from the test rig, use the magnifying glass to inspect the flexible tube assembly for cracks, leakage or other failures of the tube and its connectors.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008C5 TEST REPORTThe following shall be reported: (a) Manufacturer, type and size of the tube and end connectors. (b)Test pressures applied to each test specimen.(c) Any visible cracks, leakage, change of physical appearance or other failure of thetube and its connectors. (d) A statement of compliance or non-compliance with the testing criteria, Clauses 8.2. (e)Reference to this test method, i.e., Appendix C of AS/NZS 3499.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008APPENDIX DTESTS ON FLEXIBLE HOSE ASSEMBLIES(Normative)D1 SCOPEThis Appendix sets out methods to demonstrate the performance of a flexible hoseassembly.D2 APPARATUSThe following apparatus is required: (a)An oven of sufficient size to accommodate the flexible tube assembly without kinking or folding. Instrumentation used to measure temperatures shall comply with AS 2831 and be capable of indicating the required test temperature to an accuracy of ±2°C.(b)Pressurizing system A hydraulic system capable of producing the specified test pressure without shock or pulsations.(c)End connections The test specimen shall be supported and held in a suitable jig so that no external force is applied. When required, pressure shall be applied through one of the end connections. The other end shall be fitted with a valve capable of permitting air to be purged from the system and the flexible tube assembly under test. (d)Pressure gauge An industrial pressure gauge complying with AS 1349 and capable of indicating the required test pressure to within 2% of the true value.NOTE: Di gi tal or analogue pressure gauges, whi ch can be shown to provi de the requi red i ndi cati ng capabi li ti es and have accuracy characteri sti cs at least equal to i ndustri al gauges complying with AS 1349, may be used.(e)Torque wrench A suitable wrench to allow torque to be applied to end connectors. (f)Testing environment Provision shall be made to test fittings in ambient room conditions. Means shall be provided for testing the flexible tube assembly immersed in a water bath in which the water is controlled to a temperature of 3 ±2°C for all applications for 60 +5, −0 min then 60 ±2°C for 60 +5, −0 min for cold-water applications and 95 ±2°C, for 60 +5, −0 min for general heated water applications. A hot air oven is permitted as an alternative to the water bath using the same temperature and times.I nstrumentation used to measure temperatures shall comply with AS 2831 and be capable of indicating the required test temperature to an accuracy of ±2°C.(g) Tensile dynamometer with a tensile speed of 200 ±10%mm/min at an ambienttemperature 20 ±3°C. (h)Magnifying lens of at least 10×.D3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH TESTFor each test, the test samples shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 23 A p r 2008。
