《高级英语3》（英语教育本科）期末复习题《高级英语3》期末复习题Part I Vocabulary1. There are times when you must decide and take the bull by the horns.(a) make the right decision (b) make the wrong decision(c) make a bold decision (d) make a final decision2. He leads a dog's life really because his freedom is always curtailed.(a) never knows what to do (b) sometimes does something wrong(c) never goes out (d) never does what he wants3. No-one ever mentions him because he's regarded as the black sheep of the family.(a) the one with a sense of humour (b) the one with a bad reputation(c) the one who is always late (d) the one who never washes4. I shouldn't go outside without a raincoat because it's raining cats and dogs.(a) it's just started to rain (b) it's going to rain(c) it's raining very heavily (d) it's raining a little5. You shouldn't sign there I think he's about to make a monkey out of you.(a) to make a fool of you (b) to make you lose money(c) to make you feel stupid (d) to make you lose interest6. It's a lovely house and very big but nobody uses it so it's a bit of a white elephant.(a) something very beautiful and useful (b) something very big and useful(c) something very cheap and useless (d) something very expensive and useless7. When the business folded, he took the lion's share of the assets.(a) the easiest part (b) the smallest part(c) the biggest part (d) the only part8. Without my glasses I can't see where I'm going in fact I'm as blind asa bat.(a) very short sighted (b) very long sighted(c) very far sighted (d) very clear sighted9. I get very irritated sometimes because they're always up with thelark and I like to lie in.(a) up very easily (b) up very early(c) up very often (d) up very noisily10. I would advise you to do that as well and in that way you'll kill two birds with one stone.(a) get things done twice (b) get something done two times(c) get two things done at the same time (d) get two things done twice11. His opposition party dismissed the government's proposal out of hand.(a) without further consideration (b) with some hesitation(c) without thinking (d) with reluctance12. Since she started work on the stock exchange she has been making money hand over fist.(a) in moderation (b) in large quantities(c) to a certain extent (d) to some extent13. They have lost all their money and now lead a sort o fhand to mouth existence.(a) impoverished (b) simplified(c) leisurely (d) indifferent14. It's no good asking anybody in that shop to help you because they won't lift a finger.(a) show you the way (b) carry your goods(c) take your order (d) do anything at all for you15. In the obituary about the millionaire all his enterprises were listed and it looked as if he had had a finger in every pie.(a) a control over many activities (b) an involvement in many activities(c) an interference in many activities (d) a belief in many activities16. I've just bought a brand new car with all the latest gadgets and quite honestly it has cost me an arm and a leg.(a) a reasonable amount of money (b) a fair amount of money(c) a huge amount of money (d) a good deal of money17. I don't want to have to twist your arm but I hope you realize that your refusal to comply could be harmful.(a) allow you to agree (b) force you to agree(c) beg you to agree(d) ask you to agree18. Have a look at the benefits that the society can offer you and then you may feel like dipping your toe in the water.(a) deciding to try membership straightaway (b) deciding to try membership quite soon(c) deciding to try membership for a year (d) deciding to try membership for a trial19. If you do join a political party then you are expected to toe theline on every occasion.(a) say what you like (b) stick to the rules(c) follow your conscience (d) speak your mind20. I wouldn't say I never see eye to eye with my employers but sometimes they can make extraordinary demands.(a) totally side (b) totally work(c) totally agree (d) totally disagreePart II Reading ComprehensionThe passage is taken from 'The Rule of the Road', an essay written by a twentieth century essayist.A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of astreet in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: 'I'm going 5to walk where I like. We've got liberty now.' It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian towalk down the middle of the road, then the end of such libertywould be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting ineverybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere.10 Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It meansthat in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the 15liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road andputs out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty.You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your 20liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere withyou, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be thatPiccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never 25cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private libertyin order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a socialcontract. It is an accommodation of interests.In matters which do30not touch anybody else's liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeingmy hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or 35wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man's permission. Ishall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcoxto40 Wordsworth, or champagne to shandy.In all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no one's leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise orridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we 45step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people's liberty. I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on tothe top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it inmy bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets50the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a lot of people in the world, and I have toaccommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much 55more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance ofthe rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and 60declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.1. The author might have stated his …rule of the road? asA. do not walk in the middle of the roadB. follow the orders of policemenC. do not behave inconsiderately in publicD. do what you like in privateE. liberty is more important than anarchy2. The author?s attitude to the old lady in paragraph one isA. condescendingB. intolerantC. objectiveD. sardonicE. supportive3. The sentence …It means....curtailed? (lines 13-15) is an example ofA. hyperboleB. clichéC. simileD. paradoxE. consonance4. Which sentence best sums up the author?s main point?A. There is a danger....lines 11-13B. A reasonable.... lines 56-57C. It is in the small matters....lines 58-60D. The great moments....lines 60-61E. It is the little....lines 61-635. A situation analogous to the …insolence ofoffice? described in paragraph 2 would beA. a teacher correcting grammar errorsB. an editor shortening the text of an articleC. a tax inspector demanding to see someone?s accountsD. an army office giving orders to a soldierE. a gaoler locking up a prisoner6. …Qualified? (line 46) most nearly meansA. accreditedB. improvedC. limitedD. stymiedE. educated7. The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes inA. all matters of dress and foodB. any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of othersC. anything that is not against the lawD. his own homeE. public places as long as no one sees him8. In the sentence … We are all liable....? (lines 54-56) the author isA. pointing out a general weaknessB. emphasizing his main pointC. countering a general misconceptionD. suggesting a remedyE. modifying his point of viewReading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage1 below.Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA.It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music”has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music,which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple?s DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B.This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in”customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot offiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C.This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, andfar more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers,” he declares, “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”D.Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E.Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple’s. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the i Pod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple?s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.F.The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in itsdownfall. Woul dn?t it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs?s argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word “unfazed”in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why heused to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe?s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 21. low-key:抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman:开展览会的人, 出风头的人物3. unassuming:谦逊的, 不夸耀的, 不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：。
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