英汉篇章的翻译

英译汉San Francisco“San Francisco， open your Golden Gate，” sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April，1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided，buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills，rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city，where Spanish people were the first to make their homes，is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap； they have not risen，I‟m told，for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you，you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians，Italians，Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7 Here，with Chinese restaurants， Chinese post-boxes， and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas，it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman‟s Wharf， a place all foreigners want to see，is at the end of the ride. You get out， pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable （a city custom），and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon .漫步旧金山“旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！”剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完1。

Unit 18 英汉篇章翻译（三）教学目的要求：了解如何使用各种技巧进行篇章的翻译。

初步了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理；通过对本文的翻译，了解翻译的艰辛，同时通过对主人公事迹的学习，加强学生的德育教育，寓德育教育于课堂教育中。

教学重点：把握在语篇翻译中使用各种翻译技巧，了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理。

教学难点：长句的翻译。

教学内容：Three Days to SeeBy Helen Keller摘自：许明龙译，选自《英语名作佳译赏析》，世界图书出版公司，1999。

转引自：南开大学外国语学院英语系《英语翻译教程》，天津：南开大学出版社，2004。

作者简介：Helen Keller, 美国女作家及教育家，一岁半时，由于生病失聪、失明。

她通过刻苦努力，取得了甚至常人都无法取得的成就。

她勤奋写作，并到世界各地演讲，她的事迹感动和激励了一代代的青年。

她的主要著作有《我的一生〉，《海伦·凯勒日记〉，《给我三天光明〉。

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigour, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days of months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “eat, drink and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.有时我想，把每一天都当做生命的最后一天来过，也许是一种极好的生活准则。

英译汉篇章翻译练习（3）I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—supper-slow reading.I spent three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheena—savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase, or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia, on a sticky heart-wave night. Relishing every word, I joined foreign correspondent Sheena on a mission to China and another to Russia. I lost myself in the author’s world. And when finally I put in down, my mind was totally refreshed.Next morning, four words from the book—“take the long view”—were still in my mind. At my desk, I had a long-view look at my problems. Once more, super-slow reading had given me not only pleasure but perspective, and helped me in my everyday affairs.I discovered its worth years ago….Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.I has stared with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting from super-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again—perhaps changing down into an even lower gear—and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.。

专八翻译_108散文篇章_精选第一部分汉译英1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone)2. 匆匆(Rush)3. 冬夜(Winter Night)4. 互助(Helping Each Other)5. 黄昏(Dusk)6. 盼头(Something to Lookl Forward to)7. 媲美(Beauty)8. 枪口(The Muzzles)9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna) 10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College)12. 野草(Wild Grass)13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree) 14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15.落花生(The Peanut)16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor)17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”)18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling) 21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond)22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong)23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies)24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot)25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling) 26. 我若为王(If IBe King)27. 西式幽默(Western Humour)28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan)29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story abouta ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed)30. 珍禽血雉(China‘s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins) 32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City) 34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun)35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You)37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you) 38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon)40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity)42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream)43. 运动员的情操(Sportsmen‘s Values)44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China‘s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime)46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes) 48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer)49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning)50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan) 52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(AnOffering from his Sweet homeland) 53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured ) 54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地斱(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)第二部分英译汉1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球)2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花)3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情)4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物)5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷)6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度)7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?)8. A Sailor‘s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物)9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事)10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲)11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画) 12. Divorce and Kids(离婚不孩子)13. Doug Heir(杜格?埃厄)14. Fame(声誉)s Journey(费利西娅的旅行) 15. Felicia‘16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才) 17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨) 18. Han Suyin‘s China(韩素音笔下的中国) 19. Hate(仇恨)20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?) 21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞) 22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直) 23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的叱实)24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁) 25. Lifein a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣)26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品) 27. Luck(好运气)28. Mayhew(生活的道路)29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普普通通的人) 30. My Father‘s Music(我父亲的音乐)31. My Mother‘s Gift (母亲的礼物)32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效) 33. Of Studies(谈读书)34. On Leadership(论领导)35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述)36. Over the Hill(开小差)37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望)38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多)39. Sunday(星期天)40. The Blanket(一条毛毯)41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩)42. The date Father Didn‘t Keep(父亲失约)43. The Kiss(吻)) 44. The Letter(家书45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情) 46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋)47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源)48. The song of the River(河之歌)49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他)50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈) 51. Trust(信任)52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死？)53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起)54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)丑石 An Ugly Stone贾平凹 Jia Pingwa我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它I used to feel sorry for that ugly 黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知black piece of stone lying like an 道是什么时候留在这里的.谁也不去理会它。

英汉中的翻译对比英汉对比在翻译中的应用摘要:英汉由于形态、结构、篇章、民族文化以及思维方式的不同,翻译时往往导致产生差异。

所以在翻译过程中要仔细斟酌,尽量用符合英汉两种语言特点的文字来重现原文的风采。

关键词:英汉对比形态结构篇章翻译英汉两种语言各属不同语系,经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。

从语言形态学分类上来说,属于印欧语系的英语是一种综合语为主要特征并逐渐向分析型发展过渡的语言,而属于汉藏语系的汉语却是一种以分析型为主的语言。

综合语(synthetic language)与分析语(analytical language),前者的词与词的关系是靠词本身的结构变化来体现的如拉丁语、德语、古英语等。

后者的词与词的结构关系是靠语序和虚词为主要手段来表示。

本文从现代英语和汉语的形态,结构、篇章、民族文化和思维模式的不同来谈论一下英汉对比在翻译中的应用。

一、英汉形态的不同现代英语的形态愈来愈简单化,而它的语序和虚词在语法上的作用加强了,因此有人认为现代英语已朝分析语的方向发展。

以连词为例,英汉连词的作用有许多共同点,但英语的连词比汉语多,且用得也比汉语广泛。

因为英语短语与短语,句与句之间多采用形合法(hypotaxis),即要求结构上的完整。

汉语则不同,短语与短语之间,句与句之间多采用意合法(parataxis)。

汉语句子结构一般都按时间顺序和逻辑关系排列、语序固定、关系明确,因此不需要用那么多连接词来表示相互之间的关系.有时甚至用“却”、“就”、“边”、“再”等副词表示连接关系。

因此,英译汉时不少并列复合句或从属复合句中的连词往往省略。

例:Whenever he is free,he willcome and see me.? 他一有空就来看我。

但是,英语还保留着一些词形变化(inflections),如:动词的表示“时”(tense)和“体”(aspects)的语法意义的后缀变化,这是汉语里所没有的。

英汉翻译练习16篇（参考译文）·英汉翻译练习翻译16篇1．用翻译学外语经验谈大凡水平较高的人都接受过两种教育，一种是从师，另一种更为直接、更为重要——自学。

……在做法语和拉丁语翻译时，我采用了一个极好的方法。

在此，我愿从自己成功的经验出发，把它介绍给学生们效仿。

我选择了一些经典作家，如西塞罗和维脱，因为他们的文体纯正优雅，最受好评。

譬如，我把西塞罗的书信译成法语，然后把译文搁置一旁，等其中的词句和短语全都忘光之后，再把法语译文回译成我力所能及的拉丁语。

最后，拿我那蹩脚的译文与那位罗马演说家平易、优美、用词精当的原文，逐句逐句进行对照。

同样，我也拿维脱的《革命文献》做过好些页的翻译练习。

我把它们先译成拉丁语，搁置一段时间以后，再把它们回译成法语，然后，就我的习作和原文之间的异同，做详细的比较。

渐渐地．我对自己感到比较满意了。

我坚持这种对译的练习，竟用了好几个笔记本。

最后，我终于熟悉了两种语言的习惯用法，至少掌握了一种正确的文体。

这种有益的书面翻译练习还要与欣赏名著这种更为愉快的活动同时或交叉进行。

认真阅读罗马经典著作，对我来说既是一种练习也是一种犒赏。

(爱德华·吉朋)（译文参考祝吉芳编著《英汉翻译——方法与试笔》，北京大学出版社，2004）2．罗马假日影评（节选）当电影发展到苦乐交融的高潮时，通过一种感人的方式把人物带回到现实世界，人物升华到了真正的高尚和无私的精神境界。

派克越来越少考虑把赫本作为独家新闻，更多地把她看作是一个具有完美人格的真实的人。

他在对赫本的爱和想攀上事业阶梯的欲望之间挣扎着。

最后，他选择了爱，放弃了金钱和名誉。

派克以一贯稳健的表演（坚毅的形象）演绎了一个令人难以忘怀的结局。

结尾的处理真实而浪漫，暗示着一种超乎现实之外的精神上的启示。

这一苦乐交融的结局使“罗马假日”免于沦为一类题材的浪漫喜剧-----它们经常靠制造紧张的情节以获得一个美满的结局。

3．人在旅途无论你是谁，无论你身在何方，此时此刻，你我有一个共同点，一个永远伴随你我的共同点。

《《莱特兄弟》（1-4章）英汉翻译及翻译报告》篇一《莱特兄弟》翻译报告第一章：前序在一个不远的时代，有两位年轻的工程师——莱特兄弟，他们的梦想为人类的航空领域打开了一扇新的大门。

这是一段基于他们的经历与挑战而创作的故事，由我们对这个激动人心的历程的记载而构建的起始篇章。

Chapter 1: The PrologueChapter 2: 探索天空随着科技的进步，莱特兄弟的梦想愈发清晰。

他们坚信人类有能力飞翔，于是他们开始了对航空技术的探索。

他们用他们的智慧和努力，逐步解决了飞行中的各种难题，如飞机的稳定性、动力和飞行控制等。

第二章：探索天空的雄心壮志莱特兄弟们深知他们的目标宏大且困难重重，但他们却坚信自己的决心和才能能够达成这一伟大的目标。

他们不仅通过自学获得了航空工程的知识，而且以极大的耐心和坚韧的毅力不断尝试和改进他们的飞行器设计。

他们面对的困难重重，但他们从未放弃过。

他们的每一次失败都成为他们成功的阶梯，每一次的挫折都使他们更加坚定地走向成功。

Chapter 3: 破茧成蝶经过无数次的试验和改进，莱特兄弟终于成功制造出了第一架飞机。

他们面临的挑战和困难仍然不少，但他们对未来的信念从未动摇。

最终，他们的飞机成功地在空中飞翔，引起了全球的震惊和赞赏。

第三章：破茧而出，创造历史这是一次具有里程碑意义的飞行。

虽然只有短暂的飞行距离，但它为人类打开了一个全新的领域。

这架由莱特兄弟倾注心血的飞机在天空中翱翔的那一刻，就预示着他们将会为人类的航空事业作出重大贡献。

每一次的试飞都是他们努力的见证，也是他们决心的体现。

Chapter 4: 翱翔蓝天之上在接下来的日子里，莱特兄弟继续进行飞行器的改进和创新。

他们的飞机越来越稳定，飞行距离也越来越远。

他们的名字开始在全世界范围内广为人知，他们的故事激励着更多的人投身于航空事业。

莱特兄弟不仅成为了航空事业的先驱者，更是人类的英雄。

第四章：翱翔蓝天之上，开创未来他们的努力并未因一次成功的飞行而停止。

英译汉一、词的翻译二、句子的翻译三、篇章的翻译一、词的翻译He killed the dog.He killed his time everyday at the park.He killed his chances of success.He killed the motion when it came from the committee.He killed the spirit of the group.He killed three bottles of whiskys in a week.他宰了那条狗。

他每天在公园消磨时间。

他断送了成功的机会。

他否决了委员会提出来的提议。

他抹杀了团体精神。

他一星期喝光了三瓶威士忌。

1.1 词类的转换英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词翻译，有些句子由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，不能逐词对译。

原文中的词需要转换词类才能使汉语译文通顺自然。

1.1.1 转换成动词汉语中动词用得比较多，而英语由于语法的限制，不能几个动词性结构连用。

因此，可以把某些具有动作意味的名词，转化成动词，以符合汉语的习惯。

1.1.1.1 名词转换为动词：由动词派生出来的名词转变为动词My admiration for him grew more.我对他越来越钦佩。

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus’ arrival was sufficient proof of it.在哥伦布到美洲的时候，此地已经有了印第安人，仅凭这个事实，就足以证明这一点。

The most striking thing of the smuggling case was the involvement of the port master.海关关长居然涉嫌走私，真令人吃惊。

厦门大学英语笔译资格证书考试1级试题（样题）（150分钟完成）第一部分：单句翻译1.英译汉请将以下5个句子翻译成汉语。

（1）He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulation on his birthday.（2）A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content.（3）Their fortress, built on a hill, commanded an extensive prospect of the bright and beautiful lake and its surrounding forests.（4）In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.（5）China’s presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world, assuming historic dimensions in the world political situation.2.汉译英请将以下5个句子翻译成英语。

（1）这件事你责怪他是找错了对象，他与此事毫无关系。

（2）他们希望这样能为促进世界和平作贡献，为振兴中华作贡献。

（3）她1933年到上海定居，在那里，她的创作进入了一个新的高潮期。

（4）她年轻，她有沛然的生气，所以她不能轻易地让她的希望完全毁灭。

（5）论经验，年青人不如老年人；论创新，老年人则不如年青人。

英译汉翻译作业21. 句子翻译1) He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他把手插入口袋，耸了耸肩。

2) The decrease in his income changed his life style.收入降低改变了他的生活方式。

3) I am ill-fated. My father died when I was four years old. My mother took her solemn vow to remain in widowhood. She was stricken with poverty and had to earn a living all by herself. She nurtured me and educated me until I grew up.（请用文言文翻译）吾不幸，生孩四年，慈父见背，母严誓寡居。

母常为金银所困，然独身抚养，教我至长。

4) A poverty-stricken people would breed wickedness and all kinds of evils. But poverty rises from insufficiency, which in turn comes from the people’s being divorced from farming. Without farming, they would not be settled on the land, and this would cause them to leave their native places and make little of their homes. If people are like fowls and beasts, they are not to be contained even by high walls and severe punishments. When attacked by cold and hunger, one might be lost to all sense of shame. For it is in the human nature that one would feel hungry without eating twice a day and would freeze without renewing his clothes by the end of a year. If hunger is not stayed by food and cold not resisted with clothes, even a kind-hearted mother could not keep her children, how could a monarch keep his people? （请用文言文翻译）贫者生万恶之念。