英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, othertechniques, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.Compiler: 许建平等Date: 2000年E-CPassage 1①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,had been a patient there.④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.①上次到巴哈马度假期间，我沿着海滩漫步，海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚，此时此刻，我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体，尽管我显得微不足道，就像海滩上的一粒沙子。

英汉翻译实用技巧语言的互相翻译不但有利于各国文化的交流，更有利于语言的发展。

在搞翻译工作时最怕碰上习语多的文章。

因为为了忠于原者，译文必须既坚持它的外国味，但也要符合本国文字的要求，而翻译习语却是最难把这两个标准一同达到的。

为了要适汉地把外国语言中的习语忠实地翻译出来，有经验的翻译工作者一般采取下列几种方法：一、正确理解理解主要通过原文的上下文来进行，译者必须从上下文的关系中来探求正确译法。

上下文可以是一个句子、一个段落，也可以是整节、整章，以至全文、全书。

为透彻理解原文，须理解语言现象，逻辑关系等。

下面从语义分析，语境分析和语用分析三个方面阐述如何正确理解原文。

(一) 语义分析(Semantic analysis)语义分析是指一定的语境之中，按照一定次序排列的词与词之间的语义关系及其含义。

在理解原文中某一个词的含义时，译者首先要区分清楚其概念意义(conceptual meaning)和关联意义(associative meaning)，即某一个词的本意及其引申意义。

例如chair一词在下面4个句子中的意义：•seat oneself in a chair坐在椅子上(概念意义)•accept a university chair接受大学教授之职位(关联意义)•chair a meeting主持会议(关联意义)•committed to the chair处以电刑(关联意义)换言之，要正确理解原文，就要力图透过表层进入深层及透过表面意义，抓住其内在意义，暗含意义乃至其弦外之意。

比如wet一词在以下例子中的意义：•wet paint!油漆未干(勿触油漆)!•wet suit潜水服•wet nurse奶妈•wet blanket扫兴的人或事•be wet to the skin全身湿透这种一词多义的现象，在英语中是非常普遍的。

读者应对此高度重视，要勤查字典，尤其要避免离开上下文，仅仅用已知的含义生搬硬套，贻笑大方。

英译汉的翻译方法和技巧英译汉的翻译方法和技巧语序调整主要指词序、句序两方面的调整。

英汉语句中的、主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的，但各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。

一、定语位置的调整1．单词作定语英文中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此。

有时英文中有后置的，但译成汉语时一般都前置。

somethingimportant （后置）重要的事情（前置）如果英文中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。

alittle, yellow， raggedbeggar （前置）一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后置）2．短语作定语英文中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习惯而定。

theirattempttocrosstheriver （后置）他们渡江的企图（前置）二、状语位置的调整1．单词作状语Hewasveryac ti veinclass.（前置）他在班上很活跃，专业英文《专业英文的翻译技巧讲与练》。

（前置）英文中单词作状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前。

Modernscienceand technologyaredevelopingrapidly.（后置）现代科学技术正在迅速发展。

（前置）2．短语作状语英文中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的。

Seeing this, someofusbecameveryworried. （前置）看到这种情况，我们有些人心里很着急。

（前置）Ajeepfullspedfast, drenchingmeinspray.（后置）一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过,溅了我一身水。

（后置）英文中地点状语一般在时间状语之前,而汉语中时间状语则往往放在地点状语之前。

英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, transliteration, literal translation, annotation, division,hypotaxis, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as transliteration +annotation, literal translation and annotation, division and hypotaxis used in text translating.Compiler:《英语世界》Date: 2000/7E-CPassage 2A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court(1) During a guided tour of Warwick Castle Twain meets a fellow American who seems strangely familiar with the medieval world. (2) That evening the man visits Twain in his hotel room with a strange story to tell. (3) He is, he explains, a Yankee from Connecticut-shrewd, hard, unsentimental stock-and worked in the arms business. (4) One day he was knocked out in a fight at the factory and, when he recovered consciousness, found himself in Arthurian England in the year 528.(5) Sir Kay appears and escorts the Yankee to Camelot. (6) He quickly makes friends with a servant, Clarence, and learns that he is Sir Kay's prisoner. (7) He is taken to the Great Hall where the Knights of the Round Table are celebrating and boasting of their deeds at arms. (8) He thinks Arthur and his knights engagingly native but is shocked by their coarseness and their inhumane treatment of the servants. (9) Merlin tells how King Arthur got his sword Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake, but the other knights are so familiar with the story that they fall asleep. (10) Sir Kay exhibits the Yankee to the company and gives a ridiculously exaggerated account of his capture. （11）The Yankee is condemned to die the next day.亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人(1) 马克吐温在导游引导下游览沃雷克城堡时，认识了一位对中世纪世界似乎异常熟悉的美国同胞。

汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从 (Subordination)汉语句中各分句关系比较松散.所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。

句中重点往往在后。

英译时.要突出重点或主句.其他部分可分别用介词短语.非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。

1、没有农业.人们就不能生存.社会生产就不能继续下去。

Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social productionproceed.2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。

The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.3、有人以为社会主义就了不起.一点缺点也没有.哪有这个事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、但是.象我们常说的那样.道路总是曲折的.前途总是光明的。

But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字（Diction）在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。

1、每个民族都有它的长处.不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?2、树雄心.立壮志.向科学技术现代化进军。

C-E汉英篇章翻译：技巧综合分析阿Q逞强(《阿Q正传》节选)鲁迅杨宪益、戴乃迭译(1)阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说："这毛虫！”(2)“癞皮狗，你骂谁？”王胡轻蔑的抬起眼来说。

(3)阿Q近来虽然比较的受人尊重，自己也更髙傲些，但和那些打惯的闲人们见而还胆怯，独有这回却非常武勇了。

(4)这样满脸胡子的东西，也敢出言无状么？(5)“谁认便骂谁！”他站起来，两手插在腰间说。

(6)“你的计头痒了么？”王胡也站起来，披上衣服说。

(7)阿Q以为他要逃了，抢进去就是一拳。

(8)这拳头还未达到身上，已经被他抓住了，只一拉，阿Q跄跄踉踉的跌进去，立刻又被王胡扭住了辫子，要拉到墙上照例去碰头。

(9)君子动口不动手'！”阿Q歪着头说。

(10)王胡似乎不是君子，并不理会，一连给他碰了五下，又用力的一推，至于阿Q跌岀六尺多远，这才满足的去了。

The True Story of Ah Q (An Excerpt)Lu XunTranslated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang(1)Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground・ spat, and swore, “ Hairy worm!"(2)" Mangy dog, who are you calling names? " Whiskers Wang looked up contemptuously.(3)Although the relative respect accorded him in recent years had increased Ah Q s pride, he was still rather timid when confronted by those loafers accustomed to fighting. But today he was feeling exceptionally pugnacious. (4) How dare a hairy-cheeked creature like this insult him?(5)" If the cap fits, wear it. " he retorted, standing up and putting his hands on his hips.(6)、’ Are your bones itching? " demanded Whiskers Wang, standing up too and draping his jacket over his shoulders・(7)Thinking that the fellow meant to run away, Ah Q lunged forward to punch him・(8) But before his fist reached the target, his opponent seized him and gave him a tug which sent him staggering・Then Whiskers Wang seized his queue and started dragging him towards the wall to knock his head in the time-honored manner.(9)" ' A gentleman uses his tongue but not his hands! ' " protested Ah Q. his head on one side.(10)Apparently Whiskers Wang was no gentleman, for without paying the slightest attention to what Ah Q said he knocked his head against the wall five times in succession, then with a great push shoved him two yards away, after which he walked off in triumph・(冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》，上海外语教育岀版社)［分析］选词（diction）是本译文的一大特点，肖选的这部分原文中有五处“说”，译者根据上下文分别用不同的词翻译。

英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, shift of perspective, omission, other techniques,E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major technique as division, shift ofperspective, and omission used in text translating.Compiler: "中国翻译"Date: 2001/5E-CPassage 2（1）So it is always when the mind is troubled among happy things, and then one almost wishes they could share one's troubles and become more real with it. （2）It seemed on that Sunday that a golden age had lasted till yesterday, and that the earth had still to learn the news of its ending. （3）And this change had come, not by the will of God, not even by the will of man, but because some few men far away were afraid to be open and generous with each other. （4）There was a power in their hands so great that it frightened them.（5）There was a spring that they knew they must not touch, and, like mischievous and nervous children, they had touched it at last, and now all the world was to suffer for their mischief. （6）So the next morning one saw a reservist in his uniform saying goodbye to his wife and children at his cottage-gate and then walking up the hill that leads out of the valley with a cheerful smile still on his face. （7）There was the first open sign of trouble, a very little one, and he made the least of it; and, after all, this valley is very far from any possible war, and its harvest and its vintage of perry and cider will surely be gathered in peace. （"中国翻译"，2001/5）（1）置身幸福环境的人，在思想受到困扰的时候，总有这种体验。