化学专业英语试卷(B)

2013—2014学年度第一学期应用化学专业专业英语课程试卷A注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题;一、词汇填空 写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词共20小题,每空1分,共20分 1、 分子 molecule2、 物理性质 physical property3、 硬度 hardness4、 电解质 electrolyte5、 熔点 melting point6、 沸点 boiling point7、 离子键 ionic bond or electrovalent bond8、 晶体 crystal9、 硅 silicon10、钾 potassium11、溶解度 solubility12、构型 configuration13、挥发性 volitility14、正电荷 positive charge15、phosphorus 磷16、alcohol 乙醇17、acetone 丙酮18、base 碱19、acid 酸20、ether 乙醚二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称共10小题, 每小题2分,共20分1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide2、 BaOH 2 Barium hydroxide3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate6、 FeS Iron II sulfide or Ferrous sulfide7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid10、FeCl 3 iron III chloride or ferric chloride二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether2.对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol3.苯乙烯 styrene4.CH3CH＝CCH2CH3 CH2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol5.CH33CCH2CH2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol三、英译汉共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分1、Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic incarbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent.碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性,碳-铅键,碳-锡键,碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键;2、The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character ofthe carbon-metal bond.金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强;3、Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organicsynthesis.锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义;4、Unlike absorption, in which solute molecules diffuse from the bulk of a gas phase to thebulk of a liquid phase, in adsorption molecules diffuse from the bulk of the fluid to the surface of the solid adsorbent, forming a distinct adsorbed phase.在吸收过程中,溶质分子从气相主体中扩散的液相主体中;但是在吸附过程中,分子从流体主体中扩散到固体吸附剂的表面,形成一个独立的吸附相;5、Equipment for extraction must be capable of providing intimate contact between two phasesso as to affect transfer of solute between them and also of ultimate effecting a complete separation of the phases.提取的设备必须能够让两相有紧密的接触,使得两相中溶质的转移得以实现; 同时这个设备还要让两相的分离得以实现;6、Any potential application of adsorption has to be considered along with alternatives, notablydistillation, absorption and liquid extraction.任何可能的对于吸附的应用必须和其他的分离手段一起考虑来比较优劣,例如蒸馏,吸收和液相萃取;7、Leaching refers to the extraction of a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.浸提指的是通过使用一种溶剂把一种可溶性组分从固体中分离出来的提取办法;8、Separation of the compounds of a mixture by distillation takes advantages of the fact thatdifferent substances can differ in the degree to which they can be vaporized under the conditions of the experiment.通过蒸馏来分离混合物中的组分利用的是这样一个原理：不同的物质在同一个实验条件下气化的程度有区别;9、In a mixture of two completely immiscible liquids, each exerts its own vapor pressureindependently of the other.在一个由两个完全不互溶的液体所形成的混合物中,每一种液体都形成各自独立的蒸气压,相互不影响;10、On both large and small scale crystallization is the most important method for thepurification of solid organic compounds无论是在大规模还是小规模上,结晶都是一种非常重要的提纯固体有机物的方法;。

大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文： water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文： Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性） (1.5分) 6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文： Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂 (1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文： Detergency ；中文：去污性（力） (1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文： Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性 (1.5分) 9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文： ammonia ；中文：氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文： Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文： Fluorine ；中文：氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分)15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分) 16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。

黄淮学院化学化工系2012-2013学年度第二学期期末考试《专业英语》A 卷1. octane ：2. decyl ：3. butanol ：4. hexene ：5. heptyl aldehyde ：6. oxyacid ：7. aliphatic compound ： 8. oxidation reaction ： 9. organic chemistry ： 10.transition element ： 11. orbital electron： 12.solubilizer ： 13.quantative analysis ： 14.negative charge ： 15.carbonate ： 16.surfactant ： 17.docosane hectane ： 18.alkane ：19.sodium hydroxide ： 20.chloride ： 1. 酮：2.乙氧基化物：3. 键角：4. 热力学函数：5. 同系列：6. 甲苯：7. 构象异构：8. 14烷：9. CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2-： 10.电离能： 1．Progress in the so-called “active ingredients ”, which enhance and extent this cosmetic effect measurably, is large enough area to merit another separate aritcle.2．In contrast to inorganic compounds, the molecular attraction of organic compounds is weak, so organic compounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points.3．Benzene can undergo the typical substitution reactions of halogenation,一、 Write the Chinese name for each of the following （每小题1分，共20分）二、 Write the English name for each of the following（每小题1分，共10分）三、 Translate the following sentences into Chinese （每小题3分,共30分）nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction.4．Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a portion of the solvent to produce a concentrated solution or thick liquor.5．The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituent.6．The functional group of a ketone consists of a carbon atom connected by a double bond to an oxygen atom.7．At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupric ion is still reacting with ammonia molecules to form the complex, and the complex is still decomposing, but just as much cupric ammonia complex is being decomposed in unit time as is being formed.8．The reaction of an acid chloride with an amine is used commercially in the manufacture of the very important range of semi-synthetic penicilings,first produced by the Beechan Group in 1959.9．Thus satisfactory binding propertise are essential for trouble-free compression and the production of good quality cakes over long manufacturing periods.10．The synthesis of organic compounds involves conversion of availablesubstances of known structure, through a sequence of particular, controlled chemical reactions, into other compounds bearing a desired molecular structure.The active ingredients were identified in the unsaponifiable fraction of this vegetable product. After solvent extraction and drying, the pure unsaponifiables are obtained in the form of a waxy solid. This waxy solid is then redissolved in untreated shea butter to increase the unsaponifiable content and thus lead to the unsaponifiable shea butter concentrate. Used in cosmetics at levels of up to 2%,it provides excellent protection against sunlight and skin dryness.Another example is the extract of the kola nut, known for its anti-irritant properties. As available in the market, it has an objectionable color and odor . At Estee Lauder, we analyzed and separated its constituents, identified the individual components with anti-irritant properties, and recombined them in the most effective ratio. In the process , objectionable color and odor were removed and possible allergens（过敏原）eliminated. All this indicates that cosmetics formulated with plant extracts today can be more effective and , at the same time, more elegant than 10 or 20 years ago.四、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese（本大题共1个小题，共25分）采用一种简单、可靠并且有效的气相色谱法，来同时测定草药鱼腥草与鱼腥草注射液中8种活性组分的含量。

Final Examination PaperⅠⅠ. Monochoice questions酸碱滴定1. Which species cannot be titrated accurately with solution of strong base of 0.1mol/L HCl? ( ).A. Na3PO4(Ka1=7.5×10－3, Ka2=6.23×10－8, Ka3=2.2×10－13)B. Na3BO3(Ka=7.3×10－10 )C. NaCN(Ka=4.93×10－10 )D. NH4OH(Kb=1.75×10－8)2. Which answer is right in arithmetic setup of 38.91× (6.81-6.73)? ( )A. 3.113B. 3.11C. 3.1D. 33. In quantitative analysis, which method listed below can not be used to decrease the system error?( )A. instrument correctionB. increase the mensurationC. change the reagentD. temperature correction4. Use potassium acid phthalate (KHC8H4O4) as a primary standard substance to standardize theconcentration of the NaOH solution. How about the concentration of the NaOH solution standardized when there are a small quantity of neutral impurity in KHC8H4O4?（）A. Its concentration standardized will be on the high side.B. Its concentration standardized will be on the low side.C. Its concentration standardized will not be affected.D. the influence on its concentration standardized is uncertain.5. Assuming the error is ±0.0001g when we use the analytical balance to weigh the sample, so how much is the relative error when we use the analytical balance to weigh 0.1000g sample in direct way.( )A. ±0.01％B. ±0.02％C. ±0.1％D. ±0.2％6. If we want to determine the concentration of Na2HPO4, Which standard solution as titrant listedbelow is reasonable?( )A. solution of 0.1 mol·L-1 H3PO4.B. solution of 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl.C. solution of 0.1 mol·L-1 NaOHD. solution of 0.1 mol·L-1 NH3.7. Which of the following is 5 for the number of significant figures ( )?.A. 1.200 ×108B. pH=12.245C. 0.00605D. 12.708%8. Which substance can use as indicator to show the end point for the titrations that range of titration jump is 5.7～6.5? ( )A. bromophenol blue(3.1～4.6)B. methyl red.C. phenolphthalein.D. bromthymol blue(6.0～7.6).9. Assuming the error is ±0.0001g when we use the analytical balance to weigh the sample. so how much is the relative error when we use the analytical balance to weigh 0.1000g sample in direct way.( )A. ±0.01％B. ±0.02％C. ±0.1％D. ±0.2％10. Which choice listed below is wrong when we talk about range of titration jump. ( )A. The range of titration jump depend on concentration of solution.B. The range of titration jump depend on strength of acid.C. The range of titration jump depend on strength of base.D. The range of titration jump depend on range of color change of indicator.依数性6. The red blood cell will be shrinkable in which solution listed below?（）A. 10.0 g·L-1CaCl2·2H2O(Mr＝147)B. 12.5g·L-1NaHCO3(Mr＝84.0)C. 1.00 g·L-1NaClD. 224g·L-1C3H5O3Na(Mr＝112)11. There are four water solutions of the equal volume in which there are equal mass of glucose, CaCl2, NaHCO3and sucrose respectively. Then whose freezing-point is the lowest? ( )[Mr(glucose)180( HAc)60(Na2CO3)106 (CaCl2) 111]A. GlucoseB. HAcC. CaCl2D. Na2CO312. Which choice listed below is isotonic solution? ( )A. 5% glucose solution and 5% sucrose solutionB. 1 mol·L-1 glucose solution and 0.5 mol·L-1 sucrose solutionC. 0.5 mOsmol·L-1 urea solution and 0.5 mOsmol·L-1 NaCl solutionD. 0.5 mol·L-1 MgSO4solution and 0.5 mol·L-1 CaCl2 solution电解质9. We learn that the K a of HF is 3.53×10-4 and the K b of NH3·H2O is 1.79×10-5, then which option following is true?( )A. NH4＋is a stronger acid than HFB. NH4＋is a weaker acid than HFC. the acidic strength of NH4＋and HF are equal.D. can not do the compare13. A solution was prepared by mixing equal volume of 0.10mol·kg－1NH4Cl and 0.10mol·kg－1NH·H2O, its ionic strength ( I ) is ( ) mol·kg－1.3A. 0.05B. 0.075C. 0.10D. 0.1514. 0.10mol NaOH and 0.10mol HAc are dissolved into 1.0L distilled water together, please calculate the pH of this solution( ) (Ka(HAc)=1.74×10－5)(A) 10.28 B. 11.28 C. 8.88 D. 12.2815. There is 1L 0.1mol·L－1H2CO3 solution with the addition of 0.5ml 0.1mol·L－1 HCl solution. Which choice listed below is true? ( )A. pH decrease, dissociation degree of H2CO3 decrease.B. pH decrease, dissociation degree of H2CO3 increase.C. pH increase, dissociation degree of H2CO3 increase.D. pH increase, dissociation degree of H2CO3 decrease.16. A solution containing the equal concentrations of Cl-,I- and CrO42- ions. Add the AgNO3 to the solution drop by drop, then the sequence of the ions precipitating out of the solution is ( ).（KspAgCl=1×10-10，KspAg2CrO4=4×10－12，KspAgI=9×10-17）A. CrO42->I->Cl-－B. CrO42-<I-<Cl-－C. I->Cl-> CrO42D. I-> CrO42-> Cl-17. The solubility of Mg(OH)2 is maximum when it was dissolved in ( ).A. 1mol·L－1NH4Cl solutionB. 2mol·L－1MgCl2 solutionC. pure waterD. 1mol·L－1NaOH solution18. The concentration of every solutions listed below is 0.10mol·L－1, the pH of which is greater than 7?( )A. NH4ClB. Na2CO3C. NH4AcD. MgCl2缓冲溶液16.The buffer range of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 500ml 0.4mol·L-1 H2CO3 solution and 200ml 0.4mol·L-1 NaOH is about ( ). (pK a1=6.37; pK a2=10.25 )A. 1.12～3.12B. 6.21～8.21C. 11.32～13.32D. 5.37～7.37.19. If you mix two solutions of equal volume in each option listed below, which option has no buffer action. （）A. 0.2mol·L-1HCl和0.2mol·L-1KClB. 0.02mol·L-1HCl和0.04mol·L-1NH3·H2OC. 0.01mol·L-1KH2PO4和0.2mol·L-1Na2HPO4D. 0.01mol·L-1NaOH和0.02mol·L-1HAc20. The most important ACID resistant in the plasma of human being is （）A. H2PO4-B. HPO42-C. HCO3-D. H2CO321. The color of the solution is orange with the addition of methyl orange indicator. In order tokeep the pH of the solution stable, which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )A. 0.1mol·L-1 HAc — 0.1mol·L-1 NaAc (K a = 1.8×10-5)B. 0.1mol·L-1 NH3·H2O — 0.1mol·L-1 NH4Cl (K b = 1.8×10-5)C. 0.1mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 — 0.02mol·L-1 Na2HPO4(K a = 6.2×10-8)D. 0.1mol·L-1 HCN — 0.02mol·L-1 NaCN (Ka = 4.9×10-10)Ⅱ.Fill the blank. (Please fill your answers into the blanks following).1. When the HCl standard solution is used to titrate a sample solution which containing NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, the indicator is(1) in the first step of the titration，the indicator is (2)in the second step of the titration (pKa1=6.35；pKa2=10.33)2.A 2.05 g sample of white phosphorus was dissolved in 25.0g of carbon disulfide,CS2. The of the carbon disulfide solution was found to be 1.59℃. The molecular weight of the phosphorus is (3) g·mol-1 in solution? The formula of molecular phosphorus is (4) mol·L-1 (boiling-point elevation constant K b of CS2=2.4; Mr(P)=31)Ⅲ.Calculation1. A sample of 0.1276g of an unknown monoprotic acid was dissolved in 25.00 mL of water andtitrated with 0.0633 M NaOH solution. The volume of base required to reach the equivalence point was 18.4 mL. (a) Calculate the molar mass of the acid. (b) After 10.00 mL of base had been added in the titration, the pH was determined to be 5.87. What is the K a of the unknown acid?Final Examination PaperⅡⅠ. Monochoice questions依数性6. The osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by the equal volume of 8.4%（g/ml）NaHCO3 and18%（g/ml）glucose (C6H12O6) is equal to the osmotic pressure of ( ). [Mr(glucose)180 (NaHCO3)84]A. 5.85%（g/ml）NaCl solutionB. 1.5mol·L-1sucrose solutionC. 1mol·L-1glucose solutionD. 1 mol·L-1 CaCl2 solution7. Which of the following statements is a logical deduction ( )A. if a nonvolatile solute is added to water, the boiling point of the solution will be 100℃.B. the addition of a volatile solute will change the boiling point of the water.C. atmospheric pressure will affect the composition of the aqueous solution.D. if a nonvolatile solute is added to water, the freezing point of the solution will be lower than that of water.电解质8. Which species is the strongest acid that can exist in aqueous solution? ( )A. NaOHB. Na2CO3C. OH-D. KOH9. A 0.1 mol·L-1 solution of potassium acetate, KC2H3O2, has a lower pH than a 0.1 mol·L-1 solution of potassium cyanide, KCN. From this, you can correctly conclude that ( )A. hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is a weaker acid than acetic acid, HC2H3O2.B. hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is less soluble in water than acetic acid, HC2H3O2.C. the cyanide ion, CN–, is a weaker base than the acetate ion, C2H3O2–.D. acetate ion, C2H3O2, partially dissociates to form hydronium ion, H3O+.10. The factor that does not affect on the activity coefficient has ( )A. ionic concentrationB. charge on the ionC. ionic strengthD. K a or K b11.The pH of mixed solution by 0.10mol·L－1NH3 and 0.10mol/L NaOH is about ( ).（K b=1.8×10-5）A. 9B. 1C. 6D. 1312. The solubility of BaSO4 is not changed when it was dissolved in ( ).A. 1mol·L－1KCl solutionB. 2mol·L－1 Na2SO4 solutionC. pure waterD. no answer13. There is 1L 0.4mol·L－1Na2CO3 solution with the addition of 1.0 ml 0.1mol·L－1 HCl solution. Which choice listed below is true? ( )A. pH decrease, dissociation degree of CO32- decrease.B. pH decrease, dissociation degree of CO32- increase.C. pH increase, dissociation degree of CO32- increase.D. pH increase, dissociation degree of CO32- decrease.14. 25℃, the Ksp of Ag2CrO4is 1.12×10-12, so the concentration of Ag+ions in the saturate solution of Ag2CrO4 is ( )A. 6.54×10-5mol·L-1B. 1.21×10-5mol·L-1C. 1.21×10-4mol·L-1D. 6.54×10-4mol·L-1缓冲溶液15.The buffer range of a buffer solution in which there are the same concentrations of Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 is about. (pK a1=2.12; pK a2=7.21 pK a3=12.32)Which one is wrong? ( ).A. 1.12～3.12B. 6.21～8.21C. 11.32～13.32D. all the choice above16. To determine the content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in tap water, in order to keep the pH =10,which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )A. 0.1mol·L-1 HAc — 0.1mol·L-1 NaAc (K a = 1.8×10-5)B. 0.1mol·L-1 NH3·H2O — 0.1mol·L-1 NH4Cl (K b = 1.8×10-5)C. 0.1mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 — 0.02mol·L-1 Na2HPO4(K a = 6.23×10-8)D. 0.1mol·L-1 H2CO3— 0.02mol·L-1 NaHCO3(Ka = 4.3×10-7)17. The most important ACID resistant in the plasma of human being is （）A. H2PO4-B. HPO42-C. HCO3-D. H2CO318. If you mix two solutions of equal volume in each option listed below, which option has no buffer action. （）A. 0.2mol·L-1HCl and 0.2mol·L-1KClB. 0.02mol·L-1HCl and0.04mol·L-1NH3·H2OC. 0.01mol·L-1KH2PO4and 0.2mol·L-1Na2HPO4D. 0.01mol·L-1NaOH and 0.02mol·L-1HAcⅡ.Fill the blank. (Please fill your answers into the blanks following)1. the theoretical range of color change of a weak basic indicator is (1) which K b is 1.0×10－42. A 1.0 g sample of the protein hemoglobin is dissolved in enough water to make 1 L (kg) of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is measured at 25 ℃and found to be 0.1 kPa. The molecular mass of hemoglobin is (2) and the molality of the hemoglobin solution is (3) .Final Examination PaperⅢⅠ. Monochoice questions滴定分析1.What is the result of calculation of (20.83--20.43)/0.4000? ( )A. 0.10B. 1.0C. 1.000D. 0.10002.If the K In of a weak basic indicator is 1.0×10-5, what is the color transition pH range of this indicator? ( )A. 4-6B. 6-8C. 7-9D. 8-103.What result would be if NaOH solution was standardized against potassium hydrogen phthalate, the measured concentrations of the NaOH solution in the cases that the initial buret reading of the NaOH solution should be recorded as 1.00 mL, but was recorded as 0.10 mL by mistake. ( )A. highB. lowC. unchangeD. uncertain4.Weigh 1.3350 g of analytical reagent Na2CO3to prepare 250.00 mL of primary standard solution, and use it to titrate approximate 0.1 mol·L-1HCl solution. If 25.00 mL is required to neutralize 24.50 mL of HCl completely and methyl orange is used to indicate end point, report the molarity of HCl solution. ( ) [Mr(Na2CO3)=106]A. 0.1028 mol·L-1B.0.2056 mol·L-1C. 0.05140 mol·L-1D. 0.4112 mol·L-15.依数性How much is the normal freezing points of the solution in which 21.0g NaCl is dissolved in 135mLof water ? [K f=1.86 K·kg·mol-1 , Mr(NaCl)=58.5] ( )A. -9.89℃B. 19.89℃C. 9.89℃D. 19.89℃6.If you want to have osmosis between two dilute solutions separated by semipermeable membrane, which choice listed below is wrong.（）A.Both of the two osmotic pressure are not equal.B. Both of the two osmolarity are not equal.C.Both of the two solutions are not isotonic.D. Both of the two molality are not equal.7.In 500mL normal saline water, the osmolarity of the Cl-ions is ( ) mOsmol·L－1 [Mr(Cl)=35.5]A. 77B. 196C. 154D. 3088.The minimum mass of NaCl that would have to be added to 1.200×103 g H2O so the resulting solution would not freeze outside on a cold day(-10℃) is ( ) (K f=1.86 K·kg·mol-1 , Mr[NaCl]=58.5)A.94.3gB. 188.6gC.282.9gD.377.2g9.电解质There is 1L 0.1mol·L－1 HAc solution with the addition of 0.5mL 0.1mol·L－1 NaCl solution. Which choice listed below is true? ( )A. pH decrease, dissociation degree of HAc decrease.B. pH decrease, dissociation degree of HAc increase.C. pH increase, dissociation degree of HAc increase.D. pH increase, dissociation degree of HAc decrease.10.What is ionic strength ( I ) for the solution that contains 0.10 mol·kg－1NaCN and 0.10 mol·kg－1HCN ( ).A. 0.025mol·kg－1B. 0.050mol·kg－1C. 0.20mol·kg－1D. 0.10mol·kg－111.K sp for SrSO4 is 4.0×10-8 at certain temperature. How much is the solubility of SrSO4 in H2O. ( )A. 4.0×10-8 mol·L-1B. 2.0×10-4 mol·L-1C. 8.0×10-8 mol·L-1D. 1.0×10-4 mol·L-112.Which substance can use as ampholyte in different solvent?( )A. Na NO3B. HAcC. NaClD. Na OH13. A solution is 0.15 mol·L-1 in Pb2+ and 0.20 mol·L-1 in Ag+. If a solid of Na2SO4 is added slowly to this solution, which option of the following is true? ( ) K sp for PbSO4 = 2.53×10-8, Ag2SO4 =1.20×10-5A. PbSO4 will precipitate out of solution firstB. Ag2SO4will precipitate out of solution firstC. PbSO4 and Ag2SO4 will precipitate out of solution simultaneouslyD. no precipitate14.pH of the solution in which 0.2 mol·L－1 H3A solution and 0.6 mol·L－1 NaOH solution are mixed in the same volume is ( ) (Ka1= 1.0×10-5 , Ka2= 1.0×10-7 , Ka3= 1.0×10-9)A. 5.0B. 6.5C. 11.0D. 1.015.缓冲溶液Which option of the following determines the capacity of a buffer ( )A. Conjugate acid-base pairB. Buffer-component ratioC. Buffer rangerD. p K a of the acid component16.The buffer range of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 100mL 0.2mol·L-1 H2A solution and 100mL 0.3mol·L-1 NaOH is about ( ). (pK a1=4.00; pK a2=9.00 )A. 3.00～5.00B. 5.00～7.00C. 8.00～10.00D. 9.00～11.0017.If two solutions are mixed in equal volume in each option listed below, which option has no buffer action? （）A. 0.2 mol·L-1 NaOH and 0.2 mol·L-1 KClB. 0.2 mol·L-1 HCl and 0.4 mol·L-1 NH3·H2OC. 0.1 mol·L-1 H3PO4 and 0.1 mol·L-1 Na2HPO4D. 0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH and 0.2 mol·L-1 HAc18.To prepare a buffer of pH 9, which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )A. 0.1 mol·L-1 HAc — 0.1 mol·L-1 NaAc (p K a = 4.75)B. 0.1 mol·L-1 NH3·H2O — 0.1 mol·L-1 NH4Cl (p K b = 4.75)C. 0.1 mol·L-1 H2CO3— 0.15 mol·L-1 NaOH(pK a1=6.37; pK a2=10.25 )D. 0.1 mol·L-1 HCN — 0.02 mol·L-1 NaCN (p K a = 9.5)Ⅱ. Simple answer question1.酸碱滴定Can 0.1000 mol·L-1 formic acid (HCOOH) of 20.00 mL be titrated by 0.1000 mol·L-1 NaOH standard solution directly? Please give reasons. What indicator can be used to signal endpoint (p K a = 3.75)?（5 marks）2.电解质溶液Pivaic acid is a monoprotic weak acid. A 0.100 mol·L-1 solution of pivalic acid has a pH=3.00. What is the pH of 0.100 mol·L-1 sodium pivalate at the same temperature?3. How many significant figures are there in each of the following numbers (assume that each number is a measured value)?3.25 0.0025 0.0203 2.3% 0.900 0.2530 1.3830 2.0 105 pH=3.21Final Examination PaperⅣⅠ. Monochoice questions1.酸碱滴定If you had to do the calculation of (22.83--21.43)/1.4000, what would be the correctresult of significant figure? ( )A. 0.10B. 0.100C. 1.00D. 1.0002.If the K HIn of a weak acidic indicator is 1.0×10-5, what is the color transition pH range of thisindicator? ( )A. 4-6B. 6-8C. 7-9D. 8-103.What result would be if NaOH solution was standardized against potassium hydrogen phthalate, the measured concentrations of the NaOH solution in the cases that the mass of potassium hydrogen phthalate should be 0.3510 g, but was recorded as 0.3570 g by mistake? ( )A. highB. lowC. unchangeD. uncertain4.How many grams of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4) primary standard substance are required to standardize about 25 mL of 0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH solution? ( ) [Mr(KHC8H4O4)＝204 g·mol-1]A. 0.2550gB.0.5100gC. 0.05100gD. 1.0200g5.依数性How much is the normal freezing points of the solution in which 15.4g of urea is dissolved in 66.7 mL of water ? [K f=1.86 K·kg·mol-1 , Mr(CON2H4)=60.0] ( )A. -7.16℃B. 0℃C.-0.25℃D. 1.11℃6.The osmolarity of 1000 mL officinal solution in which it contains NaHCO3 of 6.45g·L -1 andKCl of 5.79 g·L -1 is ( ) mOsmol·L－1. [Mr(NaHCO3)=84, Mr(KCl)=74.5]A. 76.3B. 152.7C. 309D. 6107. A hemoglobin (Hb) solution of 1L is prepared by dissolving 35.0g of Hb into water. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is found to be 1.33kPa at 25℃. The molar mass of hemoglobin is ( ) .A. 537B. 5.37×10-4C. 6.52×104D. 1008.电解质8,9,10,11,12,13,14There is 1L 0.1mol·L－1NaHCO3solution with the addition of0.1mol NaCl solid. Which choice listed below is true? ( )A. pH unchanged, dissociation degree of HCO3 unchange.B. pH decrease, dissociation degree of HCO3 increase.C. pH increase, dissociation degree of HCO3 increase.D. pH increase, dissociation degree of HCO3 decrease.9.what is ionic strength ( I ) for 0.10 mol·kg－1 NaCl solution ( ) mol·kg－1.A. 0.025 mol·kg－1B. 0.050mol·kg－1C. 0.20mol·kg－1D. 0.10mol·kg－1PO ion is 3.3×10-7 10.In a saturated solution of calcium phosphate, the concentration of 34mol·L-1. the K sp of Ca3(PO4)2 is ( )A. 3.3×10-7B. 1.65×10-7C. 9.9×10-21D. 1.3×10-3211.Which substance can use as strong base in glacial acetic acid ?( )A. HAcB. NH3C. H2OD. H3PO412.A solution is 0.15 mol·L-1in Pb2+and 0.20 mol·L-1in Ag+. If a solid of Na2SO4is added slowly to this solution until the Ag+ starts to precipitate as the sulfate. What is SO42- concentration reached at least at this point? ( ) K sp for PbSO4 = 2.53×10-8, Ag2SO4 =1.20×10-5.A. 1.7×10-8B. 2.53×10-8C. 3.0×10-4D. 1.20×10-513.pH of solution in which 0.2 mol·L－1H3PO4solution and 0.2 mol·L－1Na3PO4solution are mixed in the same volume is ( D ) (Ka1= 7.5×10-3 , Ka2= 6.3×10-8 , Ka3= 2.2×10-13)A. 12.8B. 1.32C. 2.12D. 7.2114.125.0 mL of 0.40 mol·L-1 propanic acid, HPr, is diluted to 500.0 mL. What will the final pH of the solution be? (K a=1.0×10-5) ( )A. 3B. 11C. 5D. 9缓冲溶液15.The buffer range of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 100ml 0.2mol·L-1 H3PO4 solution and 100ml 0.5mol·L-1 NaOH is about ( ). (pK a1=2.16; pK a2=7.21; pK a3=12.32 )A. 1.16～3.16B. 6.21～8.21C. 8.00～10.00D. 11.32～13.3216.The color of the solution is yellow with the addition of methyl orange indicator and red with the addition of methyl red. In order to keep the pH of the solution stable, which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )A. 0.1mol·L-1 HAc — 0.1mol·L-1 NaAc (p K a = 4.75)B. 0.1mol·L-1 NH3·H2O — 0.1mol·L-1 NH4Cl (p K b = 4.75)C. 0.1mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 — 0.1mol·L-1 Na2HPO4(pK a2=7.21 )D. 0.1mol·L-1 HCN — 0.1mol·L-1 NaCN (p K a = 9.5)17.Which option has largest increase of pH when add 0.5mL of 0.1 mol·L-1NaOH in the following solution? ( )A. 0.1 mol·L-1 HAc — 0.1 mol·L-1 NaAc (p K a = 4.75)B. 0.1 mol·L -1 NH 3·H 2O — 0.1 mol·L -1 NH 4Cl (p K b = 4.75)C. 0.1 mol·L -1 H 2CO 3 — 0.15 mol·L -1 NaOH (pK a1=6.37; pK a2=10.25 )D. 0.1 mol·L -1 HCN — 0.02 mol·L -1 NaCN (p K a = 9.5)18. To prepare a buffer of pH 10.5, which buffer system listed below is the best? ( )A. CH 3NH 2·HCl —CH 3NH 2 (p K a =10.65)B. NH 3·H 2O —NH 4Cl (p K a =9.25)C. Na 3PO 4 —Na 2HPO 4 (pK a3 = 12.32)D. H 2CO 3—NaHCO 3 (pK a1=6.37)Ⅱ.Calculation1. 电解质Ethylamine, CH 3CH 2NH 2, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that ammonia. Likeammonia, it is a base. A 0.10 mol·L -1 solution has a pH of 11.86. Calculate the K b for theethylamine, and find K a for its conjugate acid, 323NH CH CH .2. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.020mol·L-1 NaCl solution at 25 ℃.3. (1) 0.1mol·L-1 HAc solution 。

化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。

Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C2. B3. D4. C5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/andso forth/and otherwise.3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goesback to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized thatliquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it.IV . Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。

Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.It can be inferred from this article which one of the following items is not mainly based on practical use C. Greek chemistry2. It was B. Empedocless who first introduced the idea that all things are not formed from just one element.3. In the development of Greek chemistry, D. Democritus was the first one definiting the ultimately constituents of matter?4. According to Plato, there are B. 4 ―elements‖ whose faces are constituted by regular polygons.5. In the last paragraph,authors think that experiment DD.can deal with the reactions by which one substance is converted into anotherII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also anactivity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a singlemundane planet.4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereasothers are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there isneither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life,although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a)化学过程；(b)自然科学；（c）蒸馏技术(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。

2009 —2010学年第一学期化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业《专业英语》期末试卷1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion:（3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid:（5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯）（7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取) （15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠)（18）zinc oxide:（19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane:（20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析）2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3（5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3:（7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇:（11）十三烷：（12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury)（13）CH3CHCH CH2CH3:（14）CH3CH2CHCOOHCH3:（15）CHOHONH2：（2-amino-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde）3.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:(1)Pick the size of your separatory (sep.) funnel. You will usually use 125 or250-mL, large scale reactions (1–10 g) can require 500-mL or 1-L sizes.Remember that your sep. funnel will contain the solvent and wash liquid which must be thoroughly mixed.(5% for the answer)参考答案：挑选出你要的分液漏斗的大小。

2012—2013学年度第一学期应用化学专业专业英语课程试卷B 注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题;一、词汇填空 写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词共20小题,每空1分,共20分1. 原子2. 镍3. 氦4. 元素5. 阴离子6. 钴7. 丙酮8. 碘9. 乙醚10. 钾11. 甲烷12. 乙醇13. chlorine14. nickel15. phosphorus16. potassium17. arsenic18. sulfur19. butane20. aluminum二、给下列无极化合物的英语名称共10小题,每小题2分,共20分1. HCl2. HBr3. CuSO 44. H 2SO 45. NaCl6. Na 2S7. KF8. Al 2O 39. KMnO 410. FeCl 3二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分3322CH 3CH 2CH 32. CH 32C ＝CHCH 33. CH 2OHCH 2CHCH 2OHCH 2OH4. 3,4-二甲基苯酚5. 甲乙醚三、英译汉共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分1. The study of the properties of substances constitutes an important part of chemistry, because their properties determine the uses to which they can be put.2.The cleavage of the different crystals of salt is the same; when crushed, the crystals always break along planes parallel to the original faces, producing smaller crystals similar to the larger ones. 3.It is customary to say that under the same external conditions all specimens of a particular substance have the same physical properties density, hardness, color, melting point, crystalline form, etc. 4.Sodium chloride has the properties of changing into a soft metal, sodium, and a greenish-yellow gas, chlorine, when it is decomposed by passage of an electric current through it. 5. When biscuits are made with use of sour milk and baking soda there isa chemical reaction between the baking soda and a substance in the sourmilk, lactic acid, to produce the gas carbon dioxide, which leavens the dough by forming small bubbles in it.6.When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solutionis a conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte.7.Green chemistry is the chemistry that aims to reduce the amount ofhazardous substance coming out in the process of producing chemical materials and to reduce the amount of resource and energy consumed in that process.8.Nonbenzenoid compounds containing rings of carbon atoms are calledalicyclic. These are carbocyclic compounds which resemble aliphatic compounds in many ways.9.The second group is composed of compounds derived from or related tobenzene, C6H6. Because the first known derivatives of benzene were naturalproducts extracted from balsams and impressed the discoverers because of their fragrant aromas, the group as a whole came to be known as aromatic compounds.10.Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds with the ring containingcarbon and other elements, the commonest being oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. There are a number of heterocyclic rings which are easily opened and do not posses any aromatic properties, e. g. , ethylene oxide, γ- and δ-lactones.。

英语化学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a property of matter?A. MassB. DensityC. ColorD. Volume答案：C2. The chemical formula for water is:A. H2OB. H2SC. CO2D. O2答案：A3. What is the name of the process where a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. Which element has the atomic number 8?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. CarbonD. Hydrogen答案：A5. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.B. The mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products.C. The mass of the reactants is less than the mass of the products.D. There is no relationship between the mass of reactants and products.答案：A6. What is the pH of a solution that is neither acidic nor basic?A. Less than 7B. Greater than 7C. Equal to 7D. Cannot be determined答案：C7. Which of the following is a physical change?A. Burning of woodB. Rusting of ironC. Dissolving of sugar in waterD. Photosynthesis答案：C8. The process of converting a liquid into a gas is called:A. VaporizationB. CondensationC. SublimationD. Melting答案：A9. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?A. NaB. MgC. FeD. Cu答案：A10. The valency of hydrogen is:A. +1B. -1C. +2D. -2答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for carbon dioxide is ________.答案：CO22. The atomic number of sodium is ________.答案：113. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation4. A solution with a pH of 4 is ________.答案：acidic5. The valency of oxygen is usually ________.答案：-26. The element with the chemical symbol Fe is ________.答案：iron7. The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is ________.答案：CaCO38. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.答案：freezing9. The symbol for the element with atomic number 17 is________.答案：Cl10. The pH of pure water at room temperature is ________.答案：7三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a compound and an element. 答案：A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and consists of only one type of atom.2. What is a chemical equation and how is it written?答案：A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, showing the reactants and products and the conditions under which the reaction occurs. It is written by placing the reactants on the left side, the products on the right side, and the reaction conditions above or below the line separating the reactants and products.3. Describe the process of photosynthesis.答案：Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.4. What is the significance of the law of conservation of mass in chemistry?答案：The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. This law is significant in chemistry because it helps to balance chemical equations and ensures that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemicalreaction.5. Explain the concept of valency.答案：Valency is a measure of the combining power of an element, indicating the number of hydrogen atoms it can displace or combine with. It is a key concept in writing chemical formulas and understanding how elements react with each other.6. What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change?答案：A physical change is a change in the state or appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and dissolving. A chemical change involves a change。

CH 3CH 3NO 2CH 3C OOCH 2CH 3C O N CH 3CH 3COOCl Chemistry Speciality English Test 2006(100 points, 120 min)I. Translate the following words or phrase into Chinese. (20 points)1) Inorganic chemistry, 2) coordination chemistry, 3) angular momentum,4) lattice energy, 5) delocalized bond -π, 6) trans-isomers,7) hydration, 8) molecular orbital theory, 9) functional group10) random errorII. Complete the following problems.(30 points)1) (5 points) Perform the calculations and express the answers in the proper number of significant figures. 52.987+9.3545+6.12 = ?2) (10 points) A chemist needed 14.6g of CuSO 4 to perform a chemical reaction. (a) How many moles of CuSO 4 is this?(b) How many moles of CuSO 4•5H 2O will give the desired amount of CuSO 4?3) (5 points) In a single process, a system does 125 J of work on its surroundings while 75 J of heat is added to the system. What is the internal energy change for the system?4) (10 points) Find the heat of reaction for )(4)()()(424g HF g CF g F g CH +→+ using the following heat-of-formation data:III. Write in English the nomenclature for the following substances.(30 points)1) CH 3CH 3 2) CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 3) CH 2CH 2 4) CHCH 5) 6)7) 8) CH 3CH 2COOH 9) CH 3CH 2-O-CH 2CH 3 10) CH 3NH 211) 12) 13) 14) CH 3CHO 15) IV. Answer the following questions in English.(20 points)1) (5 points )What does the abbreviation “IUPAC ” refers to?2) (5 points )What is the Dalton ’s law of partial pressure?3) (5 points )Write the four quantum numbers and write what they identify.4) (5 points )Two substances are involved. One is a black powdery solid A . The other is a colorless liquid B that causes irritation if spilled on the skin. If some of the black solid A is placed in a container and the liquid B slowly added, things happen. The black solid begins to dissolve. The solution that is formed is not black, but very palegreen. At the same time, a gasC begins to bubble out of the solution. And the air is filled with a terrible smell, like that of rotten eggs.Please write the formula for compound A, B, and C, a nd write the chemical equationmol kJ CF H f /925)(4-=∆mol kJ HF H /1.271)(-=∆mol kJ CH H f /81.74)(4-=∆molkJ F H f /0)(2=∆。

高职《英语6》期终考查试卷 (B)适用专业：一.选择题（每题1分，共10分）( )1. I have a lot of work to do, which is more than I can .A. manageB. handleC. managedD. do( )2.Daniel_______ spend all his pocket money but now he____ saving some of it.ed to ,is used toB. was used to, used toC.was used to, is used toed to, is used( )3.--How_______ do you know Sunshine Town, Mr Chen?--I know the place very well because I’ve lived here_____I was two years old.A.well,sinceB.good, sinceC.well, whenD.good, when( )4. Mr.Guth rather not invest that money in the stock market .A has toB couldC wouldD must( )5、I don't like food because it is not fresh.A convenientB readyC convenienceD cooked( )6.They don't have their own child and decided to a boy.A. adoptB. adaptC. adjustD. admit( )7. This is the weather report , Today will be cloudy.A. legalB. logicalC.localD. limit( )8. The young salesman went door to door to try to find some customers.A.prospectB. prosperousC. prospectiveD. properly( )9. The dress won high praise for its design,there was not any other dress like this .A. uniqueB. specialC. commonD. uncommon( )10. ---How long have you been waiting?---I’ve been waiting for ________.A. one and a half of hourB. one and a half hourC. an hour and a halfD. one hour and a half of one hour二、选词填空（每小题2分，共20分)decade unfortunately unrealistic advantages careerplus endur wings alongside superior11. I cannot her endless complaints about noise any more.12. The eagle spread its and flew away.13. A variety of heavy industries grew up the port.14. Some people will try every means to obtain status.15. Li Gang is going to list his over other applicants.16. Don't have such expectations , He will not come.17. I called you yesterday, but , you were out that time.18. There have been great changes in China during the past .19. It costs 2 pounds , ten pence for postage .20. After graduation he went to a college and began his teaching .三、连词成句（每题4分，共20分）21. a, as ,student ,you ,study , shoud , hard,_______________________________________________,.22. prefers , he , to , a, position ,find, in , company , a, foreign.________________________________________________________________23. reluctantly, showed, on , up, as , a, stage, he, clown.________________________________________________________________24. to ,be . you .seem .angry________________________________________________________________25. decide, can’t, we, now, anything________________________________________________________________四．阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）APolice Officer Fang always tried to help people who were in trouble.If he saw a beggar(乞丐)in the street, he would give him a few coins to buy a meal. If he saw children were behaving badly, he did not take them to the police station. Instead, he tried to find out why they were behaving badly and told them the importance of good behaviour.One day he saw a small girl standing in the street and crying."Hello!" Police Officer Fang said to her. "What’s the matter?"The small girl looked up at him through her tears."My purse fell out of my pocket," the small girl said."It had all my money in it." And she continued crying."It's all "right," Police Officer Fang said. "Don't worry. It's not the end of the world. Tell me how much money was in your purse.""Ten dollars."Police Officer Fang opened his wallet, took out ten dollars and gave it to the smallgirl. "Here you are,” he said. "Now you can stop crying."But instead of stopping crying, the small girl cried even louder."Now what’s the matter?" Police Officer Fang asked."I wish I had said I' d lost fifty dollars," the small girl replied.( )26. If Police Officer Fang saw a boy do something bad, he would______.A. teach him to behave wellB. take him to the Police stationC. have a talk with his teacherD. take him to his parents( )27. Why was the small girl crying that day?A. Because she was lost.B. Because she was a beggar.C. Because she lost her money.D. B ecause She had no money to buy a purse.( )28. How did Police Officer Fang help the small girl?A. He gave her ten dollars.B. He gave her fifty dollars.C. He bought a purse for her.D. He bought her a good meal( )29. What can we learn from the girl's last words?A. Actually, the-girl lost 50 dollars.B. Police Officer Fang ,was very rich.C. Police Officer Fang didn't help the girl.D. The girl wanted to get more money from Fang.( )30 From the passage we know Police Officer Fang is_______.A.strictB. kindC. braveD. hard-workingDWhen Mr. David retired（退休），he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it.But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From room morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. David's garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: "If you want to satisfy your curiosity(好奇心), come in and look around. Price; twenty dollars." Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. "I came here to retire, not to work as a guide." he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.( )31.Mr. David's house was ________that many tourists came to see it.A. so smallB. so quietC. so interestingD. so big( )32. Mr. David put a notice on the window in order_______.A. to drive the visitors awayB. to satisfy the visitors' curiosityC. to let visitors come in and look aroundD. to get some money out of the visitors( )33.The notice made the visitors________.A. more interested in his houseB. lose interest in his houseC. angry at the unfair priceD. feel happy about the price( )34. After Mr. David put up the notice________.A. the vi sitors didn’t come any longerB. fewer and fewer visitors came to see his houseC. more and more tourists came for a visitD. no tourist would pay the money for a visit( )35. At last Mr. David had to sell his house and move away because _____.A. he did not like it at allB. he could not work as a guideC. he made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive houseD. he could not live a quiet life in it五、翻译（每小题5分，共30分）36.Stared at his girlfriend's face, the boy asked,''would you like to accept my proposal?'' ________________________________________________________________37. If I were you, I would choose Hainan over Shanghai to go to spend the holiday.________________________________________________________________38. The fire took hold of the house quickly._____________________________________________________________39. She is not as naive as she used to be.________________________________________________________________40.我并没有遇见他们所有人。

化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。

化学及化工专业英语词汇(B)b stage resin b 阶尸baby dryer 小烧缸bacillus 杆菌bacitracin 杆菌肽back bond 反向键back flow condenser 回龄凝器back mixing 逆向混合back pressure 反压back reaction 逆反应back sweetening 返回脱硫法back titration 回滴定backfire 回火backflash 反闪backscattering 后方散射backward motion 反向运动backwash 回洗bacteria 细菌bacterial fertilizer 细菌肥料bacterial incubator 细菌培育箱bactericide 杀细菌剂bacteriochlorophyll 菌叶绿素bacteriolysis 溶菌酌bacteriostasis 抑菌酌baddeleyite 斜锆石baeyer reaction 拜尔反应baeyer reagent 拜尔试药baeyer villiger rearrangement 拜尔维利格重排baffle 挡板bag filter 袋滤器bagasse 甘蔗渣bakelite 酚醛塑料baking 烧制baking enamel 烘烤搪瓷baking powder 发粉baking varnish 烤漆balance 平衡balance bar 平衡杆balance beam 平衡杆balance pan 天平盘balance rider 游码balata 巴拉塔矢ball clay 块状粘土ball hardness 钢球硬度ball mill 球磨机ball valve 球阀ball viscosimeter 落球式粘度计balloon tire 低压轮胎balsam 香脂banana oil 香蕉油band brake 带式制动器band dryer 带式干燥机band spectrum 带光谱barbital 巴比妥barbituric acid 巴比土酸barilla 海草灰苏打barite 重晶石barium 钡barium acetate 醋酸钡barium bioxide 二氧化钡barium carbonate 碳酸钡barium chlorate 氯酸钡barium chloride 氯化钡barium chromate 铬酸钡barium crown glass 钡钙玻璃barium cyanate 氰酸钡barium dioxide 二氧化钡barium flint glass 钡火石玻璃barium fluoride 氟化钡barium hydroxide 氢氧化钡barium manganate 锰酸钡barium nitrate 硝酸钡barium nitrite 亚硝酸钡barium oxide 氧化钡barium perchlorate 高氯酸钡barium peroxide 过氧化钡barium sulfate 硫酸钡barium sulfide 硫化钡barium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸钡barium titanate 钛酸钡barium yellow 钡黄barkometer 液比重计barley malt 大麦芽barley sugar 大麦糖barm 酒母barometer 气压计barometric condenser 气压冷凝器barrel 桶;卷筒barrier penetration 势垒穿透barrier separation 膜分离baryta 氧化钡baryta paper 钡地纸baryta water 氢氧化钡水溶液baryta yellow 钡黄baryte 重晶石basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率basal metabolism 基础代谢basalt 玄武岩base 碱base catalysis 碱催化酌base exchange 碱交换base line 基线base metal 贱金属base solution 底液basic acetate 碱式乙酸盐basic bismuth carbomate 碱式碳酸铋basic bismuth nitrate 碱式硝酸铋basic converter 碱性转炉basic dye 碱性染料basic function 基础函数basic lead carbonate 碱式碳酸铅basic material 基本材料basic open hearth process 碱性平炉法basic oxide 碱性氧化物basic reaction 碱性反应basic refractory 碱性耐火材料basic salt 碱性盐basic slag 碱性炉渣basicity 碱度basil 罗勒basket strainer 篮过滤器bast fiber 韧皮纤维batch distillation 分批蒸馏batch extraction 分批萃取batch mixer 分批混合器batch process 分批法batch rectification 分批精馏batchwise operation 分批操作bath ratio 液比bath solution 电解液bath voltage 浴电压bathochrome 深色基团bathochromic effect 增色效应bathochromic shift 红移bating 软化battery 蓄电池battery acid 蓄电池用酸battery plate 蓄电池极板baudish's reagent 铜铁灵baume degree 波美度baume hydrometer 波美比重计bauxite 铝土矿bauxite brick 铝矾土砖bauxite treating 铝土处理bayer's method 拜尔法bayer's process 拜尔法bead polymerization 粒状聚合bead reaction 熔珠反应bead tube 熔珠管beadlet 珍珠beaker 杯bean oil 豆油bearing metal 轴承合金beater 打浆机bebeerine 比比林beckmann rearrangement 贝克曼转位beckmann thermometer 贝克曼温度计becquerel rays 贝壳勒尔射线beer wort 麦芽汁beer yeast 啤酒酵母beer's law 贝尔定律beeswax 蜂蜡beet sugar 甜菜糖behenic acid 辣木子油酸behenyl alcohol 二十二醇beilstein's method 贝尔斯登方法belite b 盐bell metal 钟铜bellmetal ore 黄锡矿belt conveyor 带式运输机bemegride 贝美格bending strength 弯曲强度benedict reagent 本尼迪特试剂bengal isinglass 琼脂benne oil 芝麻油bentonite 膨润土benzal 亚苄benzal chloride 苄叉二氯benzalaniline 苄叉苯胺benzaldehyde 苯醛benzamide 苯酰胺benzanilide 苯酰替苯胺benzanthracene 苯并蒽benzanthrone 苯并蒽酮benzene 苯benzene complex 苯络合物benzene diazonium chloride 氯化重氮苯benzene hexachloride 六六六benzene nucleus 苯核benzene ring 苯环benzene series 苯系benzene sulfinic acid 苯亚磺酸benzene sulfonic acid 苯磺酸benzhydrol 二苯基甲醇benzidine 联苯胺benzidine rearrangement 联苯胺重排benzidine sulfate 硫酸联苯胺benzidine yellow 联苯胺黄benzil 苯偶酰benzilic acid 二苯乙醇酸benzine 轻质汽油benzoate 苯甲酸盐benzoazurine 苯并天青精benzoic acid 苯酸benzoic anhydride 苯酸酐benzoin 苯偶姻benzoin condensation 苯偶姻缩合benzoin gum 安息香胶benzoinoxime 苯偶姻肟benzol 苯benzole 苯benzonaphthol 苯酰萘酚benzonitrile 苄腈benzophenone 二苯甲酮benzopurpurin 苯紫红素benzoquinone 苯醌benzotrichloride 苄川三氯benzotrifluoride 三氟甲苯benzoyl chloride 苯酰氯benzoyl peroxide 过氧化苯甲酰benzoylaminoacetic acid 马尿酸benzoylation 苯酰化酌benzoylglycine 苯甲酰基甘氨酸benzyl acetate 醋酸苄酯benzyl alcohol 苄醇benzyl benzoate 苯酸苄酯benzyl bromide 苄基溴benzyl cellulose 苄基纤维素benzyl chloride 苄基氯benzyl cinnamate 肉桂酸苄酯benzyl formate 甲酸苄酯benzyl mercaptane 苄硫醇benzyl salicylate 水杨酸苄酯benzyl thiocyanate 硫氰酸苄酯benzylamine 苄胺benzylaniline 苄基苯胺benzylation 苄化benzylcarbinol 苯基乙醇benzylidene acetone 亚苄基丙酮benzylidene chloride 苄叉二氯benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素benzyne 苯炔berbamine 小蘖胺berberine 小蘖碱berberine sulfate 硫酸小蘖碱bergamot oil 佛手柑油berger agent 贝格尔试药berger mixture 贝格尔混合物bergius' process 伯吉乌斯过程bergmann rearrangement 伯格曼换位berkelium 锫berlin blue 普鲁士蓝bernoulli's theorem 伯努利定理berthelot's principle 贝特洛原理berthollet salt 贝托莱盐beryl 绿柱石beryllate 铍酸盐beryllia 氧化铍beryllium 铍beryllium acetate 醋酸铍beryllium bronze 铍青铜beryllium carbonate 碳酸铍beryllium chloride 氯化铍beryllium fluoride 氟化铍beryllium hydroxide 氢氧化铍beryllium metaphosphate 偏磷酸铍beryllium nitrate 硝酸铍beryllium nitride 氮化铍beryllium oxide 氧化铍bessel's differential equation 贝塞耳微分方程bessemer converter 贝赛麦转炉beta brass 黄铜beta decay 衰变beta endorphin 内啡肽beta rays 射线betaine 甜菜碱betatron 电子回旋加速器biamperometry 双安培滴定biaxial crystal 双轴晶体bible paper 印度纸bibliometer 吸水性能测定仪bibulous paper 吸墨纸bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bichromate 重铬酸盐bichromate cell 重铬酸盐电池bichromate titration 重铬酸盐滴定bichromated gelatine 铬煤bicolorimeter 双色比色计bicomponent fiber 双组分纤维bicyclic compound 二环化合物bicyclic terpene 双环萜烯bidalotite 直闪石biformity 二形bile acid 胆汁酸biliprotein 胆蛋白质bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bimetal 双金属bimetallic instrument 双金属仪器bimetallic temperature regulator 双金属温度第器bimetallic thermometer 双金属温度计bimolecular reaction 双分子反应binary acid 二元酸binary alloy 二元合金binary compound 二元化合物binary electrolyte 二元电解质binary mixture 二元混合物binary separation 二元分离binary solution 二元溶液binary system 二元体系binder 粘合剂binding energy 键能binding material 粘合剂binding protein 结合蛋白质bingham flow 宾汉怜binocular microscope 双目显微镜binomial distribution 二项式分布binomial theorem 二项定理binuclear complex 双核络合物binuclear metallic complex salt 双核金属络合物盐bioassay 生物测定biocatalysis 生物催化biocatalyst 生物触媒biocatalyzer 生物催化剂biochemical analysis 生物化学分析biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemical reaction 生物化学反应biochemical reactor 生化反应器biochemistry 生物化学biocide 杀虫剂biocleaner 生物洗涤剂biocollochemistry 生物胶体化学biocolloid 生物胶体biocomputer 生物计算机biocytin 生物胞素biocytinase 生物胞素酶bioenergetics 生物能学biogen 酵母促生物原biogeochemistry 生物地球化学biological assay 生物测定biological ceramics 生物陶瓷biological chemistry 生物化学biological half life 生物半衰期biological microscope 生物显微镜biological oxidation 生物氧化biological value 生物值bioluminescence 生物性光biomass energy 生物质能biophile element 亲生物元素biopolymer 生物高聚物biopotency 生物效能biorheology 生物龄bios 酵母促生物biose 乙糖biosensor 生物传感器生物感测器biosurfactant 生物表面活性剂biosynthesis 生物合成biosynthesis of fatty acids 脂肪酸生物合成biothermochemistry 生物热化学biotin 生物素biotin complex of yeast 酵母生物素络合物biotite 黑云母biphenyl 联二苯bipyridyl 联吡啶biradical 双基birefringence 双折射birotation 双旋光biscuit firing 素烧bisilicate 二硅酸盐bismarck brown 俾斯麦棕bismuth 铋bismuth chloride 氯化铋bismuth compound 铋化合物bismuth glance 辉铋矿bismuth hydroxide 水氧化铋bismuth iodide 碘化铋bismuth nitrate 硝酸铋bismuth ochre 糸矿bismuth oxide 氧化铋bismuth oxychloride 氯氧化铋bismuth subcarbonate 碱式碳酸铋bismuth sulfate 硫酸铋bismuth sulfide 硫化铋bismuth telluride 碲化铋bismuthate 铋酸盐bismuthic acid 铋酸bismuthine 辉铋矿bismuthinite 辉铋矿bismutite 泡铋矿bistable system 双稳态系bisulfate 硫酸氢盐bisulfite 亚硫酸氢盐bitartrate 酒石酸氢盐bithionol 硫双二氯酚bitter almond oil 苦杏仁油bitter almond water 苦杏仁水bitter salt 泻盐bitter spar 白云石bittern 盐卤bitumen 地沥青bitumen emulsion 沥青乳浊液bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous coating 沥青涂层bituminous varnish 沥青清漆biuranate 重铀酸盐biuret 缩二脲biuret reaction 缩二脲反应bivalence 二价bivalent 二价的bixin 胭脂嗜blaching liquor 漂白液black amber 黑琥珀black ash 黑灰black ash furnace 黑灰炉black body 黑体black body radiation 黑体辐射black body temperature 黑体温度black copper 粗铜black damp 窒息气black diamond 黑金刚石black jack 闪锌矿black liquor 黑液black phosphorus 黑磷black pigment 黑色颜料black powder 黑火药black power 黑色火药blaine permeability method 布莱因比面决定法blanc fixe 硫酸钡粉blank test 空白试验blast furnace 高炉blast furnace cement 高炉水泥blast furnace dust 高炉灰blast furnace gas 高炉煤气blast furnace slag 高炉矿渣blasting agent 爆炸剂blasting cap 雷管blasting explosive 爆炸剂blasting fuse 导火线blasting gelatine 炸胶blaze 火焰bleach 漂白bleach degree 漂白度bleaching agent 漂白剂bleaching clay 漂白土bleaching earth 漂白土bleaching powder 漂白粉bleaching solution 漂白液blende 闪锌矿blender 混合机blending naphtha 迪石脑油blister 泡blister copper 粗铜blistering 起泡block copolymer 嵌段共聚物block diagram 方框图block polymerization 本体聚合blocked operation 轮换操作blood albumin 血白朊blood charcoal 血炭blood coal 血炭blood group 血型blood plasma 血浆blood serum 血清blood sugar 血糖blotting paper 吸墨纸blowback 逆吹blowdown 吹除blower 鼓风机blowing agent 发泡剂blowpipe 吹管blowpipe analysis 吹管分析blowpipe assay 吹管分析blowpipe reaction analysis 吹管反应分析blowpipe test 吹管试验blue glass 蓝玻璃blue john 蓝荧石blue pigment 蓝色颜料blue powder 锌粉blue print 蓝晒图blue print paper 蓝图纸blue shift 蓝移位blue spar 天蓝石blue water gas 蓝水煤气blueprint machine 晒图机bluing 发蓝处理blushing 雾浊board 纸板boat 蒸发皿boat conformation 船式构象body centered cubic lattice 体心立方晶格body centered cubic structure 体心立方结构body centered lattice 体心晶格boehmite 伯姆石bog iron ore 沼铁矿bohr radius 玻尔半径bohr's atomic model 玻尔原子模型bohr's theory 玻尔理论boiled oil 沸炼油boiler 锅炉boiler cleaning 锅炉清洗boiler compound 锅炉清洁剂boiler incrustation 锅炉垢boiler scale 锅炉垢boiling 沸腾boiling apparatus 蒸煮器boiling heat 蒸发热boiling point 沸点boiling point curve 沸点线boiling point depression 沸点降低boiling point elevation 沸点升高boiling point method 沸点升高法boiling range 沸腾范围boiling stone 沸腾石boiling surface 沸腾面boiling tube 沸腾管bolometer 测辐射热器bolter 筛bolting cloth 筛布boltzmann constant 波耳兹曼常数boltzmann statistics 玻耳兹曼统计boltzmann velocity distribution law 玻耳兹曼速度分布定律boltzmann's principle 波耳兹曼原理bolus alba 瓷土bomb 炸弹bomb calorimeter 弹式量热器bond 键bond energy 键能bond formation 键生成bond length 键长bond moment 键矩bond order 键级bond refraction 键折射bond strength 键强度bonding 粘合bonding agent 键合剂bonding orbital 成键轨道bonding strength 键强度bone ash 骨灰bone black 骨炭bone breaker 骨头粉碎机bone china 骨灰瓷bone fertilizer 骨粉肥料bone glass 乳色玻璃bone manure 骨粉肥料bone meal 骨粉bone superphosphate 骨粉过磷酸钙bone tallow 骨脂boord reaction 伯尔德反应booster 升压机boosting transformer 升压变压器borane 甲硼烷borate 硼酸盐borax 硼砂borax bead 硼砂珠borax bead reaction 硼砂珠反应borax glass 硼砂玻璃borazine 硼唑borazol 硼唑bordeaux mixture 波耳多液boric acid 硼酸boric anhydride 硼酸酐boride 硼化物bornane 莰烷borneol 龙脑莰醇bornite 斑铜矿bornyl acetate 醋酸冰片酯bornyl chloride 氯化冰片bornyl formate 甲酸冰片酯bornyl isovaleriate 异戊酸冰片酯bornyl salicylate 水杨酸冰片酯boroethane 乙硼烷borofluorhydric acid 氟硼酸borofluoric acid 氟硼酸boron 硼boron carbide 碳化硼boron chloride 氯化硼boron fertilizer 硼肥料boron fluoride 氟化硼boron hydride 氢化硼boron nitride 一氮化硼boron oxide 氧化硼boron tribromide 三溴化硼borosilicate 硼硅酸盐borosilicate glass 硼硅玻璃bose einstein's statistics 玻色爱因斯坦统计bottle brush 洗瓶刷bottle filler 装瓶机bottle glass 瓶玻璃bottle washer 洗瓶机bottler 装瓶机bottom ash 底灰bottom fermentation 底层发酵bottom oil 残余油bottom steam 塔底蒸汽bottom yeast 底酵母bottoms 蒸馏残渣bound charge 束缚电荷bound electron 束缚电子bound water 结合水boundary condition 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 境界线boundary value problem 边值问题bournonite 车轮矿bouveault blanc reaction 玻沃布兰反应bouveault blanc reduction 玻沃布兰还原boyle gay lussac's law 玻意耳盖吕萨克定律boyle mariotte's law 玻意耳马里奥特定律boyle temperature 玻意耳温度bradykinin 血管舒缓激肽bragg's formula 布雷格公式branch 分支branched chain 支链branching coefficent 支化度branching ratio 分支比brass 黄铜brass plating 镀黄铜brassicasterol 芜莆甾醇brassidic acid 巴惟酸brassinolide 黄铜质braun tube 布朗管bravais space lattice 布拉维空间晶格brazilein 巴戊brazilin 巴戊木红breadth of spectral line 谱线幅breaker 破碎机breaking load 断裂载重breaking stress 破坏应力breaking test 破坏试验breakthrough concentration 突破浓度breathing 通风breeze 焦粉bremen blue 布勒门蓝bremsstrahlung 韧致辐射brewing 酿造brick 砖brick for sintering zone 烧结带用砖brick kiln 烧砖炉bridge wall 隔墙bridged bond 桥键bridged complex 桥络体bridged linkage 桥键bridging 交联bridging ligand 架桥配位体bright coal 亮煤bright plating 光亮电镀bright stock 精制润滑油brightener 抛光剂brightness 亮度brilliant yellow 亮黄brimstone 硫黄石brine 盐水brinell hardness 布里涅耳硬度brinell hardness tester 布氏硬度试验机briquet 压制成块briquet coke 煤砖焦炭briquetting machine 压块机brisance 爆炸威力brittle fracture 脆裂brittle temperature 脆化温度brittleness 脆性bromal 溴醛bromate 溴酸盐bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定bromatimetry 溴酸盐滴定bromic acid 溴酸bromide 溴化物bromimetry 溴滴定bromination 溴化bromine 溴bromine fluoride 氟化溴bromine number 溴值bromine value 溴值bromine water 溴水bromoacetic acid 溴乙酸bromoacetone 溴丙酮bromobenzene 溴苯bromobenzoic acid 溴苯甲酸bromocamphor 溴代樟脑bromochloroethane 溴氯乙烷bromocresol purple 溴甲酚红紫bromodiethylacetylurea 邻溴代殊己酰脲bromoform 溴仿bromometry 溴滴定bromophenol 溴苯酚bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝bromopicrin 硝基溴仿bromostyrene 溴苯乙烯bromosuccinic acid 溴代丁二酸bromothymol blue 溴百里酚蓝bromyrite 溴银矿bronze 青铜bronze plating 镀青铜bronzing 镀青铜brown coal 褐煤brown pigment 褐色素brown ring reaction 棕环试验brown ring test 棕环试验brown sugar 黄糖brownian motion 布朗运动brownian movement 布朗运动broxyquinoline 二溴羟喹brucine 二甲氧基马钱子碱brucite 水滑石brunauer emmett teller equation 布鲁诺埃梅特特勒方程式brunswick blue 布仑司维克蓝bubble 气泡bubble cap 泡罩bubble chamber 泡沫箱bubble cleaning of gas 泡沫式气清洗bubble gauge 气泡指示器bubble plate 泡罩板bubble point 始沸点bubbling 起泡buchner flask 布氏玻璃瓶buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucket conveyer 斗式运输器bucket elevator 斗式提升机budbreak 发芽buffer 缓冲剂buffer action 缓冲酌buffer battery 缓冲电池buffer capacity 缓冲能力buffer salts 缓冲盐buffer solution 缓冲溶液buffer tank 缓冲柜bufotalin 蟾蜍他灵built up film 累积膜bulk density 体积密度bulk factor 体积因素bulk modulus 体积弹性模量bulk polymerization 本体聚合bulking agent 填充剂bumping 崩沸bunker oil 船用油bunsen burner 本生灯bunsen cell 本生氏电池buoyancy 浮力buret 量管buret clamp 滴定管夹buret clamp pincers 滴定管夹buret stand 滴定管架burner 灯burning furnace 燃烧炉burning point 燃烧点burning rate 燃烧速率burning velocity 燃烧速度burning zone 燃烧区burnt alum 烧茂burnt gypsum 烧石膏burnt lime 生石灰bursting charge 爆裂药bursting test 破裂试验butadiene 丁二烯butadiene acrylonitrile rubber 丁二烯丙烯腈橡胶butadiene rubber 丁二烯橡胶butadiene styrene rubber 丁二烯苯乙烯橡胶butane 丁烷butanedioic acid 琥珀酸butanediol 丁二醇butanoic anhydride 丁酐butanol 丁醇butanone 丁酮butene 丁烯butenediol 丁烯二醇butine 丁炔butter 奶油butyl acetate 醋酸丁酯butyl alcohol 丁醇butyl benzoate 苯酸丁酯butyl benzyl phthalate 酞酸丁苄酯butyl bromide 丁基溴butyl chloride 丁基氯butyl cyanide 戊腈butyl formate 甲酸丁酯butyl iodide 碘丁烷butyl lactate 乳酸丁酯butyl oleate 油酸丁酯butyl rubber 丁基橡胶butyl stearate 硬脂酸丁酯butylamine 丁胺butylation 丁基化butylene 丁烯butylene glycol 丁烯二醇butylene oxide 丁撑氧butynediol 丁炔二醇butyral resin 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛butyraldehyde 丁醛butyrate 丁酸酸盐butyric acid 丁酸butyric anhydride 丁酐butyroin 丁偶姻butyrolactone 丁内酯butyrometer 乳脂计butyrone 酪酮butyronitrile 丁腈butyryl 丁酰by pass pipe 旁通管by product 副产物bytownite 倍长石。

《专业英语》课程考试试卷（B）一、短语翻译（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、风味化合物；2. 生物合成代谢途径3. 累积反馈调节4. 葡萄糖异构酶5、蛋白质浓度的分析过程6、菌种保藏7、好氧微生物和厌氧微生物8、对数生长期9、发酵周期10三羧酸循环;二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、micromolecule;2、transacetylation；3、phenoxymethylpenicillin;4、Acetyl-CoA;5、isodehydrogenase；6、hemicellulase;7、double-stranded DNA; 8、rate-limiting step；9、oligosaccharides；10、dihydroxyacetone;三、阅读理解（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(一) Regulation of Branched Metabolic PathwayBiosynthetic metabolic pathways often have a common enzyme sequence and then branch leading to more than one end-product. Microorganisms have evolved feedback mechanisms, whereby a build-up of one end-product cause a feedback effect on the first enzyme of the branch leading to that product. In addition, mechanisms exist whereby the end-product of a branched pathway causes partial feedback inhibition of the first enzymes of the common sequence so that the flux of substrate passing through this sequence is proportionately reduced. This effect is achieved by use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required to completely block activity or synthesis.1.In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:(1)the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes(2)that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence2.In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by(1)several kinds of end-products(2)only one kind of end-product3.The isoenzymes means:(1)the enzymes have different functions(2)the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction4.With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:(1)complete inhibition and repression(2)partial inhibition or repression(二）Immobilization of enzymesEnzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed. Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery andre-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However, there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effective procedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.Are the following statements true or false?（1）Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )（2）The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )（3）By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions continuously ( )（4）In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word “carrier”四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) Controls over the enzymes of different pathways allow cells to direct the flow of nutrients, building materials, waste products, hormones, and so on in suitable ways. When you eat too much sugar, enzymes in your liver cells act on the excess, converting it first to glucose and then to glycogen or fat. When your body uses up glucose and needs more, enzymes break down glycogen to release its glucose subunits. In this case, a hormone called glucagon(胰高血糖素) acts as a control over enzyme activity. It stimulates the key enzyme in the pathway by which glycogen is degraded, and it inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes glycogen formation..(2) For a virus to multiply. It must first infect a cell. At the onset of infection, the virus introduces into the cell its genetic material—RNA or DNA—accompanied in many instances by essential proteins. They replicate inside specific host cells by using the biosynthetic systems of the host under the direction of the viral genomes. Bacterial viruses which infect fermentation process microbial strains have caused serious problems particularly in the cheese starter culture and the glutamic acid fermentation.五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 很显然，要通过这些途径增加并引导代谢物质流向，在必要时，就必须除去这些限制。