名词性从句讲解
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名词性从句一、定义:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句二、名词性从句的功能:相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
三、类型根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为:1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句四、特点:名词性从句的特点是从句都有关联词引导,从句的语序是陈述句语序。
五、连词(1)连接词:that /Whether/if:不充当从句的任何成分(2)连接代词:Who/whoever/Whom/whomever/whose /What/whatever /Which/whichever既起连接一个句子的作用,同时在从句担当主语、宾语,表语。
(3)连接副词:Why/where/when /how:既起连接作用,又在从句中作状语六、名词性从句引导词的用法:1.that无具体意思,在从句中也不充当任何语法成分,只起连接作用2.whether意为“是否”,在从句中不充当任何语法成分;引导及物动词的宾语从句时可与if互换;引导介词的宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时,只用whether。
3. who意为“谁”,在从句中作主语。
4. whom意为“谁”,在从句中作宾语,但在口语中常用who代替whom。
5. whoever(=anyone who)意为“凡是……的人”,它的宾格形式是whomever (但在口语中常用whoever代替whomever)。
6. whose意为“谁的”,在从句中作定语。
7. what意为“什么”;whatever(=anything+that)意为“凡是……的物”。
what 和whatever都可在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。
8. which意为“哪一个;哪些”;whichever意为“无论哪一个都”。
which 和whichever都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
9. where意为“在哪儿”,在从句中作地点状语;when意为“什么时候”,在从句中作时间状语;how意为“如何”,在从句中作方式状语;why意为“为什么”,在从句中作原因状语。
名词性从句讲解(最全版)名词性从句是一个从句,它在句子中充当名词的角色。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、同位语或介词宾语。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导,如that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
1. 作为主语:名词性从句可以作为主语,取代一个名词或名词短语,引导词通常为that或whether。
例如:- What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)- Whether he will come is still uncertain.(他是否会来还不确定。
)2. 作为宾语:名词性从句可以作为及物动词或介词的宾语,引导词通常为that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- She asked me what I wanted.(她问我想要什么。
)- I don't know if/whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)3. 作为表语:名词性从句可以作为系动词的表语,引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- The problem is that she doesn't understand.(问题在于她不理解。
)- The question is who will take care of them.(问题是谁会照顾他们。
)4. 作为同位语:名词性从句可以作为同位语,解释或说明前面的名词或代词,引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- The fact that he lied surprised me.(他撒谎的事实让我感到惊讶。
)- His belief that she will succeed is unwavering.(他坚信她会成功。
名词性从句I. !"#$%&一、定义名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、分类&表语从句1) That is(系动词) a book.S + P 表语2) The fact is(系动词)that he has lied to usS + P 表语从句&宾语从句1) He said(vt) nothing at the meeting.S + P 宾语2) He said (vt) (that) he would help us without hesitation.S + P 宾语从句3) He is interested in (prep) what we want for breakfast.S + P 宾语从句&主语从句1) His mistakes made his teacher angry.主语+ P2) That he made so many mistakes made his teacher angry.主语从句P3)What he said made his teacher angry.主语从句P&同位语从句1) You can turn to my friend Tom for help.S + P 同位语2) The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby made us excited.S 同位语从句+ P3) We heard the news that the war had broken out between America and Iraq.S + P 同位语从句三、引导词名称引导词在从句中担任成分连接词that, whether, if 不作成分连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 状语例如:a. He said that he would come.b. Whether he can pass the exam is not certain.c. He agrees with what I said.d. He agrees with what was said.e. I don’t know what present I should buy.f. That is where Tom used to live.g. That’s why he left.四、名词性从句语序名词性从句用陈述句语序。
名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同谓语从句。
一、连接词连接代词:that, what, who,which, whom,whose, whatever, whoever, whichever等连接副词:whether, how, why, when ,where, wherever等二、连接代词(除that外)和连接副词在名词性从句中都有词义,它们除了引导名词性从句外,还在从句中充当成分,即做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
Who will go there is not important.Where she has gone hasn’t been known yet.I don’t know what I should do.He asked whose dictionary it was.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.I have no idea how soon they are coming.要注意以下几点问题:1、连接代词‘that’的用法:在名词性从句中that 无词义,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接从句的作用,在宾语从句中,that在口语中可以省略。
但在引导主语从句时不能省略。
That he was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.The truth is that he is the best in his class.He said (that) he would see me the next week.2、引导宾语从句的that可省略,但及物动词后有两个宾语时,可省略第一个that, 不省略第二个that;如有形式宾语时,连接真正宾语的that 不能省略。
They made it a rule that they got up at six every day.3、由连词that引导的名词从句很少做介词的宾语,只在except, but , besides介词后看到,其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that 引导,需用it作形式宾语。
名词性从句详解名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that,if,whether;疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等。
一.语法讲解1.主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。
它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。
例如:Who did that is known to all.It is interesting that you should like him.2.表语从句表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。
如:The question is who can complete the difficult task.表语从句不能用if引导,但可用as if引导。
例如:He looked as if he was going to cry.3.同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。
引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。
连接词用that(不用which),及连接副词how,when,where,why等。
例如:His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.4.宾语从句1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
例如:We can learn what we did not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作为形式宾语。
初中英语语法——名词性从句讲解及练习什么是名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句。
它可以充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语等。
名词从句的引导词有:that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how等。
名词性从句的功能及结构主语从句主语从句在句子中作主语,通常使用that引导。
例如:宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作宾语,通常使用that, if, whether, what, when, where, why等引导。
例如:- She asked me what I wanted for dinner.(她问我晚饭想吃什么。
)what I wanted for dinner.(她问我晚饭想吃什么。
)表语从句表语从句在句子中作表语,通常使用that, if, whether等引导。
例如:- My only hope is that the weather will be good tomorrow.(我唯一的希望是明天天气好。
)that the weather will be good tomorrow.(我唯一的希望是明天天气好。
)- The problem is whether he can solve it.(问题在于他能否解决。
)whether he can solve it.(问题在于他能否解决。
)宾补从句宾补从句在句子中作宾补,通常使用that, if, whether等引导。
例如:- They made me believe that anything is possible.(他们让我相信一切皆有可能。
)that anything is possible.(他们让我相信一切皆有可能。
)- I find it amazing that she can speak five languages.(我发现她能说五种语言真是令人惊奇。
名词性从句宾语从句1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。
在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。
在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连词:that, whether, if, as if。
在从句中不担任成分,注意:引导词的作用:1 连词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当句子成分。
that作连接词,本身无任何含义。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语宾语从句:从句在句中充当宾语的成分。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语,还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。
一般由that, whether, if, who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why 等连接Jenny thought (that) her teacher was unfair.I’d like to know which one is your husband.I am sure (that) he won’t mind.He said that he was doing his homework. (注意时态的对应)Mother told me that she would buy a bike for me.I don’t know when he will come.注意think, believe, suppose等的用法(反意疑问句一从二三主)I think that he will come, won’t he?She thinks that he will come, doesn’t she?I don’t think he will come, will he?I think that he will come (提问he) Who do you think will come?that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
名词性从句全面讲解名词性从句是英语中的一种从属从句,它在句中充当名词的功能。
名词性从句可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等,并且可以由不同的引导词引导。
本文将全面讲解名词性从句的基本概念、用法及常见的引导词。
一、名词性从句的概念名词性从句是由一个词或一个词组引导的从句,它在句子中充当名词的角色。
名词性从句通常出现在复杂的句子中,起到连接主句和从句的作用。
名词性从句的引导词有很多种类,常见的有:that, whether, if, what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。
二、名词性从句的用法名词性从句可以在句子中作不同的成分,下面分别介绍其主要用法。
1. 名词性从句作主语名词性从句可以作为主语来引导句子,常用的引导词有:- That: That he is innocent surprises me.(他是无辜的让我吃惊。
)- Whether/If: Whether he will come or not is uncertain.(他是否会来还不确定。
)- What: What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)2. 名词性从句作宾语名词性从句可以作为宾语来引导句子,常用的引导词有:- That: I know that he is a doctor.(我知道他是个医生。
)- Whether/If: I wonder whether/if it will rain tomorrow.(我想知道明天是否会下雨。
)- What: I don't understand what he is saying.(我不明白他在说什么。
)3. 名词性从句作表语名词性从句可以作为表语来引导句子,常用的引导词有:- That: The truth is that she is not happy.(事实是她不幸福。
)- Whether/If: The question is whether/if we should go or not.(问题是我们是否应该去。
简单句、并列句和复合句主句:所要说的主要内容.通常可以独立存在.从句:用句子来充当了主句中的某一个成分.不能独立存在。
复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子.名词可以充当主语,宾语,表语名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句主语从句:在复合句中充当主语成分的句子主语:主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补It is right.Whatever you did is right.引导主语从句的连词主要有:从属代词:that whether连接代词:whom whose who what which whoever whatever whichever连接副词:when where how why(1)连词: that无含义, whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.(2)连接代词:充当一定成分。
who在从句中作主语、表语; whom在从句中作宾语; whose在从句中作定语;What you need is more practice.(3)连接副词:在句中作状语,when, where, why, how在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语Where we should leave it is a problem.为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末,that可以省略(1)It is certain that he will win the match.(He will win the match is certain.)It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句It+不及物动词++主语从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is natural that… 很自然……It is reported that… 据报道……It seems that… 似乎……一是从句作主语,主句谓语动词用第三人称单数;宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句宾语:置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
介词后也可跟宾语从句,但不用that引导,一般常用wh-word引导。
时态、语序、连词一、引导词1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether。
在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。
注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他。
1. 1.that指代人或物,在句中作主语或宾语多指句子2. 2.which指代物,在句中作主语或宾语(特殊:指代前面的一整件事)3. 3.who 、whom指代人,分别作主语和宾语4. 由关系代词whose引导的定语从句:whose用作名词的限定语,whose后定有名词。
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句:如果句子中不缺少主语和宾语时,则考虑用关系副词。
1、when在从句中作时间状语。
when(on which)2、where在从句中作地点状语。
where(in which)3、why在从句中作原因状语。
why(for which)当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,常用if或whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
1. 介词后一般不用if。
2. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。
3. 在不定式前只能用whether。
存在以下情况时引导词that不可省略:①.介词宾语从句的that不能省略。
②. and连接的两个从句,两个从句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.③.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teach er.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。
结构是:主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.如果宾语从句后有宾语补语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时,要用it作形式宾语,而将that从句置于补语之后;动词make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it 做形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置,结构:S.+vt+it+adj./n.+oc(宾语补足语)。
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
表语从句:一个句子作为表语。
在一个复合句中,从句作的是主句的表语成分。
表语:(定义。
位置)表语从句一定要用正常语序。
if不能引导表语从句,只能用whether 来引导。
that在表语从句中不可以省掉as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句;why 与 because 的用法区别。
两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。
如:I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。
I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。
同位语从句:同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。
连接副词how,when,where等。
(注:if不能引导同位语从句。
)that引导that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。
that不能省略,没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
(作idea的同位语)whether引导(注:if不能引导同位语从句)what用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。
间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后,但有些情况下,由于句子结构的原因,同位语从句不紧跟在名词后,而被其他的词隔开The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。
简析:suggestion,order,request,proposal,requirement,command,advice,proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式,其中should一词可省略。
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
名词性从句的时态规则:1)、主句是现在或将来时,从句可以用任何需要的时态。
I wonder what he is doing now.I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him.2)、主句是过去时,从句一般需用过去时。