2019高考英语分类汇编阅读理解解代词指代

专题04 阅读理解《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关阅读的要求：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：2. 理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。

具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。

3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。

这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。

4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。

这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。

6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。

而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。

因此，读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。

【说明文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标I，D)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment– and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life –from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices– we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and boxTVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

专题二代词、介词和介词短语1.【2018·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.A.everybodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. somebody【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。

根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B 项。

【考点定位】考查代词。

【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。

Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。

2.【2018·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.A. belowB. onC. atD. above【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。

With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。

【考点定位】考查介词。

【名师点睛】with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当。

而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on record起重要作用，可知高出平均气温。

3.【2018·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over【答案】 B【解析】试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。

高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题一、解题技巧★代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如it, they, them, one, that等）所指代的内容。

解这类题时，可根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。

★写作手法题这类题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。

常见的写作手法及提示语如下：1. 举例。

常见提示语有for example, for instance等。

2. 对比。

常见提示语有like, unlike, but, however, while 等。

3. 提供数据或研究结果。

常见提示语有statistics, research, study等。

4. 按照时间顺序。

除了明确表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有later, then, afterwards等。

5. 按照空间顺序。

常见提示语有in the distance, from the top, on the left / right等。

6. 按照逻辑顺序。

常见提示语有because, therefore, as a result, besides, in addition, in a word, in short等。

二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。

[A]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us hadthe qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.（选自2017年全国卷II阅读理解B篇）【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

2019年高考英语真题分项汇编阅读理解一、2019年高考真题I.应用文1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【语篇解读】本文为应用文。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国Ⅱ卷英语答案解析第一部分听力1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】A5.【答案】C6.【答案】C7.【答案】A8.【答案】B9.【答案】A10.【答案】C11.【答案】B12.【答案】A13.【答案】C14.【答案】C15.【答案】B16.【答案】A17.【答案】C18.【答案】A19.【答案】B20.【答案】A第二部分阅读理解第一节A【文章大意】本文介绍了Jo Usmar最喜欢的四本书。

21.【答案】C【解析】由标题My Favourite Books以及第一段最后一句话"Here she picks her top reads"可知，文章是以Jo Usmar的口吻进行写作的。

故选C。

【考点】代词指代22.【答案】C【解析】根据After Dark 部分中的"It's about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student"可知答案为C。

【考查能力】细节理解23.【答案】D【解析】根据Gone Girl部分中的"but the horor story is brilliant"可知答案为D。

【考查能力】细节理解B【文章大意】本文介绍作者自己参与并鼓励他人参与志愿者工作的经历，论述了志愿者工作的独特意义。

24.【答案】C【解析】根据第一段第一句"You can use me as a last resort（选择），and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it"和第二段中的"the unwilling parent "可推断，这位家长不想做志愿者工作。

高考英语专题代词知识点分类汇编附答案解析一、选择题1．Jim sold most of his things.He has hardly___left in the house.A．anything B．everythingC．nothing D．something2．-Who can I tum to for help in face of difficulty，Mom？--My darling，if not___________，anybody else？A．me B．I C．mine D．myself3．The British Prime Minister was forced to make an important decision. ___________many would refuse to accept.A．that B．the one C．one D．those4．I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. A．it B．youC．one D．this5．________ occurred to me that I had left my shirt on the playground.A．It B．One C．That D．What6．The movie is not quite as good as the play ____ was adapted from.A．that B．which C．it D．what 7．Standard Cognition, a startup company. in California, has developed technology that works like of Amazon Go, but it seeks to sell its artificial intelligence system to businesses for use in their own storesA．the one B．those C．that D．one8．He wrote lots of best-sellers throughout his life, the majority of translated into English A．which B．what C．them D．whose9．________ was a desperate race against time to land the plane before it ran out of fuel. Fortunately, the young pilot made it eventually.A．It B．This C．What D．As 10．—Oh，my English novel is missing.—I saw Tom leaving with ________，but I am not sure whether yours was included.A．one B．itC．some D．that11．_______ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.A．As; whose B．It; who C．As; whom D．It; whom 12．Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.A．another B．the otherC．one another D．one13．For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unhappy experience,__________ that ends the campus romance.A．which B．the one C．what D．one14．Most of the parents think their approaches to raising children different from _____ of theirparents.A．thatB．thisC．itD．those15．In the past, ____didn’t make much of a difference to your success____ you ha d a good family background.A．that; if B．it; whether C．that; whether D．it; if 16．Generally speaking, the information on the Internet is faster than ______ in newspapers. A．that B．thisC．it D．one17．The new technology will make ______ possible to grow food with very little water.A．it B．it isC．that D．that is18．Located in the center of Melbourne， Australia， are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe， both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers. A．who B．themC．which D．whom19．I dislike ________when Jim said the UN was not a worthy organization, ________ bringing everyone closer together.A．one; one B．it; oneC．one; which D．it; which20．Don’t take _____ for granted that he will keep his promise.A．one B．itC．this D．that21．Not everybody agrees to the plan. Some support it, while I am one of ______opposed to it. A．who B．those whoC．which D．those22．Your digital camera is very nice.Where did you buy_____? I’d like to buy _____, too. A．it; one B．it ; it C．one ; one D．one ; it23．-The news came ___the film directed by Peter won an award.-When was that?- _______ was in 2018____he was still in college.A．when ;That ;that.B．that; That; that.C．that; It; that.D．that; It ;when.二、1324．They have done much of the work; when will ________ be finished?A．the rest B．the otherC．another D．the others25．A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ______.A．neither B．noneC．either D．both【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查代词。

【2019年高考考纲解读】在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。

代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。

近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。

试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。

因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。

【重点知识梳理】一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1、both，either，neither用于两者。

both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。

如：Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。

Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。

2、all，none，each，every用于多者。

all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。

All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each studen t may have an e­dictionary./Each of the students has an e­dictionary./The students each have an e­dictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。

高考英语阅读理解---代词指代1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.2. There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys．Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta．The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers．They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?___A．Flooded watersB．Wildlife journeyC．Safari campsD．Unique rides3. When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able topersuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"___________"A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and IftekharC．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka4. For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The general view of elevators.B．The particular interests of experts.C．The desire for a remarkable machine.D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.5. Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?A．Such wonderful things.B．Other well-loved characters.C．Old fables.D．Cartoon movies.6. You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did t hings to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．People and things around you.B．Opportunities and problems.C．Creators and their choices.D．Victims and their sufferings.7. Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.B．Sparrow restaurants.C．Customers of other fast－food chains.D．Other fast－food chains.高考英语阅读理解代词指代参考答案1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.完整文章Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.一些世界上最著名的音乐家近来聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良为了庆祝第一届国际爵士音乐节。

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如that, this, it, they, them, one等）所指代的内容。

此类题目主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。

解答代词指代题时，也可按照上期所讲的解答名词（短语）指代题的步骤，将选项代入划线词所在句，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑。

此外，了解一定的语篇照应（指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系）知识也有助于解答代词指代题。

比如，一般来说，this和these既可用于前照应，又可用于后照应，但that 和those通常只用于前照应。

因此，寻找that和those指代的内容时，只需要关注上文内容即可。

下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。

例1：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷C篇，保留原题号，下同）In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. ...9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【分析】本文是说明文。

高考英语阅读理解---代词指代1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.2. There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys．Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta．The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers．They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?___A．Flooded watersB．Wildlife journeyC．Safari campsD．Unique rides3. When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able topersuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"___________"A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and IftekharC．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka4. For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The general view of elevators.B．The particular interests of experts.C．The desire for a remarkable machine.D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.5. Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?A．Such wonderful things.B．Other well-loved characters.C．Old fables.D．Cartoon movies.6. You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．People and things around you.B．Opportunities and problems.C．Creators and their choices.D．Victims and their sufferings.7. Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.B．Sparrow restaurants.C．Customers of other fast－food chains.D．Other fast－food chains.高考英语阅读理解代词指代参考答案1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.完整文章Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.一些世界上最著名的音乐家近来聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良为了庆祝第一届国际爵士音乐节。

2019年全国高考英语试题分类汇编任务型阅读(学生用卷)一（2019安徽卷）注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.Some people say that classical music is associated only with oldpeople .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it . Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said thatrap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music. However, young people point to the factthat classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practisefor hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.A final point to in mind is that the termSo, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern- 1 -二（2019湖南卷）Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, somemistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attemptingtomaximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)• Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinationsto the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the nexthardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness- time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb ourtravel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，orwhich destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide morelong-term happiness than physical possessions.三（2019江苏卷）The expression,much at thecenter of the concept ofpeerpressure. Itis a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members ofthat group to behave as everybody else does. It can bepositive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerfulforce in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answerFor certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort toHowever, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.- 2 -Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpfill to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.- 3 -。

高考英语阅读理解---代词指代1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.2. There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but ridinga horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys．Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta．The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers．They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?___A．Flooded watersB．Wildlife journeyC．Safari campsD．Unique rides3. When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they wererefused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"___________"A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and IftekharC．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka4. For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A．The general view of elevators.B．The particular interests of experts.C．The desire for a remarkable machine.D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.5. Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Such wonderful things.B．Other well-loved characters.C．Old fables.D．Cartoon movies.6. You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did t hings to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A．People and things around you.B．Opportunities and problems.C．Creators and their choices.D．Victims and their sufferings.7. Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally inan unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.B．Sparrow restaurants.C．Customers of other fast－food chains.D．Other fast－food chains.高考英语阅读理解代词指代参考答案1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kenned y Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.What does the underlined word “that” refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.完整文章Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.一些世界上最著名的音乐家近来聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良为了庆祝第一届国际爵士音乐节。

在高考语法的各个知识点中，代词可谓一个不显眼的板块。

这部分知识在以前有单项填空题的时候是基本不会考查的。

在近两年全国卷进行改革（自2014年开始，高考英语全国卷不再设置单项填空题）之后，直接考查代词的题在整张试卷中都很难超过三道。

此外，很多同学都认为诸如they和it一类的代词不过是初中的知识点而已，因而在高中阶段对它们都不太重视。

笔者想要提醒大家，请千万不要忽视代词，因为在高考英语阅读理解中，即便是这样一个小板块，掌握好了也会对解题大有裨益。

巧解攻略所谓代词其实就是代指某个人或事物的词语，我们知道代词分为不定代词、反身代词、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词和关系代词等等。

在高考阅读理解的备考中，我们大体只需要关注三类代词：人称代词，如they、it；指示代词，如this、that；冠名（the +名词）词组，如the school、the man。

按照上述三种分类，本文所介绍的解题技巧中所涉及的代词其实可以更明确地表述为如下三类：近指词，即they、this、these和it等；远指词，即that和those等；特指词，即“the +名词”构成的词组。

在做阅读理解题的过程中，一定要格外关注这几类词汇，因为它们在解题中往往会起到意想不到的作用。

笔者再对以上三类代词进行一下简单的介绍。

近指词指代的是前文中距离该代词最近的对应词，如it一般会指代离它最近的单数词（某件事或某个物体），he会指代离它最近的单数词（某个人）；远指词指代的是前文中距离该代词较远的对应词，如that指代的是离它较远的单数词（某件事或某个物体）；特指词指代的则是文章中已经出现过的对应词，比如倘若the girl出现，那在前文中就一定已经说明了“这个女孩”是谁，后文才会用the girl来进行指代。

解题技巧其实很简单，那就是：在阅读文章时，如果出现以上三类代词，请一定要弄清楚其具体指代的内容是什么，然后再进行解题。

实战演练下面，就让我们一起看看如何应用代词来解高考英语阅读理解题。

2019年高考英语真题分项汇编词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）、短语辨析一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。

A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。

故选A。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。

句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。

A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。

故选A。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.A. casualB. regularC. flexibleD. tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。

高考英语代词知识点分类汇编及答案解析(1)一、选择题1．I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression once more and I always appreciate _________ me with my English in the past.A．that; you to help B．this; your helpingC．it; you to help D．it; your helping2．I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. A．it B．youC．one D．this3．________ occurred to me that I had left my shirt on the playground.A．It B．One C．That D．What4．He wrote lots of best-sellers throughout his life, the majority of translated into English A．which B．what C．them D．whose5．The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones. What does the underlined "that" refer to?A．the traffic B．the signal C．the street D．the time6．I would like to buy a flat in the suburb and sold ______ in downtown , because I want to live near my Mom’s.A．the one B．the other C．it D．another 7．Travellers to that area can carry disease to their own countries that have neverexperienced_____.A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself8．“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity. A．the one that B．one thatC．one D．the one9．The financial crisis(危机) and the suffering ________ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.A．they B．it C．which D．what10．The British Prime Minister was forced to make an important decision. ___________many would refuse to accept.A．that B．the one C．one D．those11．It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them. A．every one B．allC．not all D．none12．For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unhappy experience,__________ that ends the campus romance.A．which B．the one C．what D．one13．Behind this shop lies a nonprofit organization, ____helping survivors of drug and alcohol addiction, violence and other horrible experiences.A．one B．the one C．that D．which14．Don’t take _____ for granted that he will keep his promise.A．one B．itC．this D．that15．Our school makes _______ a rule that students______ bring their mobile phones to campus. A．it; needn’t B．it; mustn’tC．that; mustn’t D．that; needn’t16．Is ________ true that the meeting will be held next week?A．that B．heC．this D．it17．I would appreciate _____, to be honest, if you could come and attend our Thanksgiving party. A．you B．this C．it D．that18．No matter how busy he is, Tom makes ______a rule to see his parents every week.A．this B．that C．it D．him19．The exact date hasn't been decided. We'll have to wait for_________ week.A．other B．others C．the other D．another20．I would appreciate____________ if you could help me out when I am in trouble.A．that B．one C．it D．this21．In my opinion, there’s no greater happiness than of succeeding in one’s career.A．one B．itC．that D．those二、1322．Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over ________ made of natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk.A．the ones B．oneC．that D．what23．They have done much of the work; when will ________ be finished?A．the rest B．the otherC．another D．the others24．The water was two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, the car out. A．getting B．gotC．to get D．get25．Some experts state_____ seems that increased student focus can increase confidence and reduce the tendency among students to be anxious.A．it B．/C．that D．what【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查it做形式宾语和动名词。