下载文档原格式
czech streets
印度语学习（转帖）
2009-01-01 00:41:40
下面为印地语发音，就好比汉语的拼音一样，有一些和拼音，国际音标不同的发音规律先说一下。
R：全部为卷舌音。
E：下面出现所有的E只有一个发音，就是英文字母A，B，C，里面A的发音，为元音，也就是汉语拼音里的（ei）
Namaste ！你好！这是印度人最常见的问候语，也有人说成salam namaste,通常在说的同时，双手合十置于胸前，行合十礼，对方也同样回答Namaste。
Namaskar ！晚上好！一般回答为Namaste。
tum 你：用在同龄人和非常亲近的熟人间。
aap 您敬语。
和汉语的您相似，对于出学者最好多用这个词。
Main 我
Aap kaise hain/ho？你好吗？
Main thik hun. Aap kaise hain/ho? 我很好！你呢？
Main bhi thik hun. 我也很好.
Dost/ yaar 朋友
Main piyar karta hun tumse 我爱你. (女对男说) ---就知道有人想学这句；）
Main piyar karti hun tumse 我爱你 (男对你说)
Main chini hun 我是中国人
印地语词汇分阴阳词性,不同词性前后衔接的词要作相应的变形. 比如: 我的
如果后接阳性词:名字 nam 我的名字–mera nam.
后接阴性词:女儿 beti 我的女儿- meri beti
后接复数词:房子 ghar 我的房子- mere ghar.。
What India can learn from ChinaBy Ravi AgrawalMay 15, 2014 -- Updated 0757 GMT (1557 HKT)Ravi Agrawal: India's business culture could profit from being more like China'sHe says many in India hope winner of the election will introduce more efficiencyWhile new leadership can focus on economy, it's not so easy to reshape a nation, he says Agrawal: For real change, the impetus has to come up from the bottom upEditor's note: Ravi Agrawal is CNN's New Delhi Bureau chief and was formerly senior producer of the network's "Fareed Zakaria GPS." Follow him on Twitter: @RaviAgrawalCNNHong Kong (CNN) -- I met an entrepreneur recently who was comparing doing business in Asia's two biggest countries. "When I'm in India," he said, "I spend the first 40 minutes of any meeting exchanging niceties. In the last five minutes, we get to business." What about China? "We do business for 40 minutes. Right at the end, we chit-chat for five."It's only an anecdote, but the results seem to bear it out. China gets things done; India invents ways not to. China dazzles the world by hosting an impeccable Olympics; India struggles to complete basic infrastructure for the Commonwealth Games.Perhaps that's why it's fascinating to watch the rise of India's Narendra Modi, the man many believe will be India's next Prime Minister. Modi's sales pitch is simple: he gets things done. For Indians, it's a seductive notion: Can India be like China?Ravi AgrawalThere is no doubt that India has room to improve. Consider productivity: India's ranks 60th in the world on the World Economic Forum's ranking of countries by competitiveness (China is 29th). Or consider ease of doing business: the World Bank ranks India 134th in the world. If you want to start a business, the World Bank says India ranks 179th in the world -- in other words, go ahead and explore opportunities in 178 other countries before you settle on India. It's as good as putting a "closed" sign on the shop door.For businesses in India and beyond, Modi represents an end to red tape. India's financial markets are salivating at the prospect of his leadership -- stocks are up 20% since his candidacy was announced last September.If you speak to voters in his home state of Gujarat -- which has flourished with Chinese levels of growth under his leadership in the last decade -- Modi represents the joys of getting rich. Sounds familiar? That's because it evokes Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese premier who kick-started national reforms and an unprecedented period of growth.It's not just Deng. Modi has been compared to a number of world leaders. Some say he would be like Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's visionary leader. (Note that implicit in these comparisons is the understanding that Modi could tend toward being authoritarian).Others say the best person to compare Modi to is U.S. President Ronald Reagan -- because bothwere outsiders resented by traditional elites. Still others insist the best analogy is former British PM Margaret Thatcher, because of their shared appetite for privatization and small government. Modi could be any -- or none -- of those leaders. The truth is we just don't know; we don't have enough information about his track record, and how it could translate across India. But the larger point is that this is not just about Modi, it's about India.The Carnegie Endowment's Milan Vaishnav rightly points out that even the most reform-minded prime minister would face many hurdles. Among them, Vaishnav cites a J.P. Morgan study of 50 of the central government's stalled investment projects: 40 of them fell through because of state, and not central, red tape. Constitutionally, there's little a prime minister can do about that, no matter how reform-minded.Let me use another anecdote to explain the task ahead for the world's biggest democracy. Indians are infamous for being unpunctual. So, one wonders, is that genetic? Are Indians inherently prone to being late to meetings? The answer is no. Take an Indian who is unpunctual, and place him in New York -- he'll likely be on time for every meeting he schedules.Similarly, a New Yorker would likely become unpunctual in New Delhi. The reason is that punctuality is based on economic incentive -- if everyone is always on time, then it makes sense to make an effort to be on time. It follows then, punctuality is based on inertia. If everyone's doing it, it's in your best interest to follow suit.In a free democracy like India, progress is based on inertia, too. Everyone needs to push at the same time. Indians can dream to have cities like Singapore, Hong Kong or Beijing. But to do so they will need more than just one reform-minded leader. They will need change from the bottom up.For better or worse, such is the nature of India's secular, constitutional democracy. India can certainly learn from China. But to do that, it doesn't have to become China. In the next few weeks and months, that is the issue Indians will be debating.Follow @CNNOpinion on Twitter.Join us on Facebook/CNNOpinion.。
英语吸取汉语的外来词中国改革开放后，汉语中的英语外来词大量涌现，三十多年来数以百计。
相比之下，英语中的汉语外来词从十六世纪至今只有屈指可数的三十来个单词，根本不成比例。
汉语中的英语外来词有：克隆（英语CLONE的音译）、的士（英语TAXI的音译）、迪斯科（英语DISCO的音译）等等。
英语中的汉语外来词粗略统计约有四十来个。
16世纪：（1个）Lychee或litche （1588年来自“荔枝”）17世纪：（3个）Yin yang （1671年来自“阴阳”）、Sampan （1620年来自“舢板”）。
China 或china（十八世纪以前来自“中国”或“瓷器”。
）18世纪：（16个）Feng shui （1797年来自“风水”）、Tai chi （1736年来自“太极”）、Yamen （1747年来自“衙门”）Kaolin （1727年来自“高岭”）、Longan （1732年来自“龙眼”）、Pe-tsai （1795年来自“白菜”）、Petuntse （1727年来自“白墩子”）、Suan-pan （1736年来自“算盘”）、Tao （1736年来自“道”）、Tung（油桐属）（1788年来自“桐”）、Whangee （一种竹）（1790年来自“黄藜”）、Typhoon （1771年来自“台风”）、Paktong（一种钱币）（1775年来自“白铜”）、Sycee （1711年来自“丝”）、Souchong（一种茶）（1760年来自“小种”）、Tuchun （1917年来自“督军”）。
19世纪：（7个）Kowtow （1804年来自“叩头”）、Tofu （1880年来自“豆腐”）、Kylin （1857年来自“麒麟”）、Taipan（大商行的總經理）（1834年来自“大班”）、Wampee（一种果）（1830年来自“黄皮”）、Chop-suey （1888年来自“杂碎”）、Cumshaw（赏钱）（1839年来自“感谢”）20世纪：（10个）Kung fu （1966年来自“功夫”）、Ho-ho bird （1901年来自“凤凰”）、Toumingdu（透明度）（來自1980年代中英談判期間用語“透明度”）、Gung ho或gung-ho （热心）（1939年来自“共和”）、Mahjong或Mah-jong （1920年来自“麻将”）、Dim sum （1948年来自“点心”）、Wok （1952年来自“镬（炒锅）”）、Bok choy （1938年来自“白菜”，比Pe-tsai常用）、Won ton （1948年来自“云吞”）、Chow mein （1903年来自“炒面”）。
老外学汉语四十句.doc 老外学汉语四十句1. 你好！(nǐ hǎo) - Hello!2. 谢谢！(xiè xiè) - Thank you!3. 对不起。
(duì bù qǐ) - Sorry。
4. 没关系。
(méi guān xi) - It's okay。
5. 我叫.(wǒ jiào.) - My name is。
6. 你叫什么名字？(nǐ jiào shén me míng zì) - What's your name?7. 请问.(qǐng wèn.) - Excuse me, may I ask。
8. 你会说英语吗？(nǐ huì shuō yīng yǔ ma) - Do you speak English?9. 我不会说中文。
(wǒ bú huì shuō zhōng wén) - I don't speak Chinese。
10. 你能帮助我吗？(nǐ néng bāng zhù wǒ ma) - Can you help me?11. 我迷路了。
(wǒ mí lù le) - I'm lost。
12. 我想去.(wǒ xiǎng qù.) - I would like to go to。
13. 这个多少钱？(zhè ge duō shǎo qián) - How much is this?14. 我喜欢中国的食物。
(wǒ xǐ huān zhōng guó de shí wù) - I like Chinese food。
15. 你有什么建议吗？(nǐ yǒu shén me jiàn yì ma) - Do you have any suggestions?16. 我很高兴认识你。
学汉语的人用的入门级汉西字典阿根廷[ügýn tíng] Argentina阿姨[üyí]tía啊[ü]¡ah!,¡oh!哀叹[üi tàn] lamentarse, quejarse爱[ài] amor ◆ amar {我爱你, te amo}爱好[ài hào] pasatiempo, hobby爱人[ài ren] marido, esposo ◆ esposa安静[ün jìng] callado, tranquilo安娜[ün nà] nom Anna澳洲[ào zhōu] Australia八[bü] ocho巴西[büxÿ] Brazil吧 [ba] mod (indica sugerencia, similar al imperativo) ◆¿verdad?把[bǎ] med (preposiciïn)爸爸[bà ba] papá白[bái] blanco白兰地[bái lán dì] brandy白色[bái sâ] color blanco白天[bái tian] día百[bǎi] cien, ciento百货[bǎi huî] de varios artículos摆[bǎi] poner拜年[bài nián] desear buen año nuevo扳[bün] llevarse ◆ jalar班[bün] equipo ◆ trabajo办[bàn] hacer办公室[bàn gōng shì] oficina半[bàn] mitad帮[büng] ayudar帮助[büng zhù] ayudar ◆ ayuda包[büo] envolver, cubrir包裹[büo guǒ] parcela, lote保持[bǎo chí] guardar, quedar, mantener 保护[bǎo hù] proteger保险[bǎo xiǎn] seguro ◆ asegurar报[bào] llevar en brazos报[bào]periïdico报名[bào míng] inscribirse;registrarse爆竹 [bào zhú] petardo杯[býi] med taza北边[bþi bien] Norte北海[Bþi hǎi] mar del norte ◆ nom Beihai北京[bþi jÿng] Beijing (Pekín)被[bâi] nom por ~, en voz pasiva本[bþn] med本子[bþn zi] cuaderno, o libro笨[bân] tonto逼[bÿ] forzar鼻子[bí zi] nariz比[bǐ] nom que (en comparaciones)比较[bǐjiào] en comparaciïn, comparativamente ◆ comparar 比赛[bǐsài] competir ◆ competencia比索[bǐsuǒ] peso (moneda)笔[bǐ] med, pluma, o lápiz o pincel毕业[bìyâ] graduarse边[biün] lado ◆ esquina, margen便宜[pián yi] barato遍[biàn] med vez表[biǎo] expresar ◆ reloj表演[biǎo yǎn] representar ◆representaciïn别[biã] no ~别的[biã de] otro别人[biãrãn] otros ◆ los demás冰棍儿[bÿng gùnr] paleta de hielo冰鞋[bÿng xiã] patines兵[bÿng] soldado并且[bìng qiþ] además病[bìng] enfermedad ◆ estar enfermo ◆ enfermarse病房[bìng fáng]pabellïn de hospital病人[bìng rãn] paciente博物馆[bïwùguǎn] museo薄[báo] delgado不[bù] adv no不错[búcuî] correcto, no equivocado不但...而且[búdàn ... ãr qiþ] no solamente..., sino tambiãn...不敢当[bùgǎn düng] exp no merecer su halago不好意思[bùhǎo yì si] sentirse avergonzado不同[bùtïng] diferente不用[bùyîng] no hay necesidad de布[bù] trapo de algodïn布朗[Bùlǎng] nom Brown布鞋[bùxiã] zapatos de tela部长[bùzhǎng] ministro才[cái] apenas, reciãn◆ hasta que裁判[cái pàn]árbitro,rãferi◆ ser juez彩旗[cǎi qí] bandera de color菜[cài] plato ◆ vegetal, verdura菜单[cài dün]menú参观[cün guün] ir a ver, visitar (lugares)参加[cün jiü] participar, aunarse参赞[cün zàn]cïnsul餐厅[cün tÿng] comedor, refectorio操场[cüo chǎng] cancha草[cǎo] pasto, cãsped厕所[câsuǒ] (mx) baño, (es) servicio, váter层[cãng] piso查[chá] investigar, examinar茶[chá]tã茶馆[cháguǎn]cafetería (de tã)茶壶[cháhú] tetera茶具[chájù] juego de tã, vajilla para el tã茶碗[cháwǎn] taza de tã差[chà] faltar, carecer长[cháng] largo长城[Cháng chãng] la Gran Muralla China长短[cháng duǎn] s largo长江[Cháng Jiüng] nom el río Changjiang (Yangtze) 长廊[Cháng Láng] el Corredor Largo尝[cháng] probar常[cháng] frecuentemente常常[cháng cháng] frecuentemente, (mx) seguido唱[chàng] cantar唱片[chàng piàn] disco (de música)朝鲜[Cháo xiǎn] Corea车[chý] coche, vehículo车间[chýjiün] taller车站[chýzhàn] parada de autobús◆estaciïn de tren 陈毅[Chãn Yì] nom Chenyi衬衫[chân shün] camisa ◆ blusa成[chãng] volverse, convertirse; ponerse成功[chãng gōng] tener ãxito成绩[chãng jÿ] logro成语[chãng yǔ] proverbio, refrán诚实[chãng shí] honrado城[chãng] ciudad ◆ pueblo城市[chãng shì] ciudad吃[chÿ] comer吃饭[chÿfàn] comer吃午饭[chÿwǔfàn] almorzar吃早饭[chÿzǎo fàn] desayunar尺[chǐ] chi (unidad de 33 cm.) ◆ s regla崇祯[Chïng zhýn] nom el Emperador Chongzhen抽烟[chōu yün] v fumar绸子[chïu zi] s tela de seda出[chū] v salir出差[chū chüi] s viaje de trabajo出发[chūfü] v salir, partir ◆ comenzar出生[chūshýng] v nacer出院[chūyuàn] v salir del hospita, ser dado de alta 出租汽车[chūzūqìchý] s taxi初[chū] prf除了...以外[chú le ... yǐwài] excepto, a pesar除夕[chúxÿ] noche vieja厨房[chúfáng] cocina穿[chuün] vestir, vestirse穿马路[chuün mǎlù] atravesar (una calle)船[chuán] bote, barca窗户[chuüng hu] ventana窗口[chuüng kǒu] ventana床[chuáng] cama春节[Chūn Jiã] festival de primavera春联[chūn lián] tiras de primavera春天 [chūn tiün] primavera词[cí] palabra词典[cídiǎn] diccionario瓷器[cíqì] vajilla, porcelana辞退[cítuì] despedir次[cì] med vez从[cïng] desde聪明[cōng ming] inteligente, listo存[cún] depositar存车处[cún chýchù] estacionamiento ◆ bicicletero存款单 [cún kuǎn dün] libreta de ahorros错[cuî] equivocado ◆ error错误[cuîwù]equivocaciïn, error达尼亚[Dáníyà] nom Daniya打[dǎ] golpear ◆ practicar (un deporte) ◆ llamar, marcar (un telãfono)打错了[dǎcuî le] número equivocado打的[dǎdÿ] tomar un taxi打电话[dǎdiàn huà] llamar por telãfono, telefonear打开[dǎküi] abrir打破[dǎpî] romper打拳[dǎquán] practicar boxeo de sombra打扫[dǎsǎo] limpiar打算[dǎ suan] planear打针[dǎzhýn] inyectar ◆ ser inyectado大[dà] grande, gran大便[dàbiàn] excremento大夫[dài fu] mãdico, doctor大概[dàgài] alrededor de ~, aproximadamente 大家[dàjiü] todos, cada uno大楼[dàlïu] edificio de ~大娘[dàniáng]tía大声[dàshýng] voz alta大使[dàshǐ] embajador大使馆[dàshǐguǎn] embajada大西洋[dàxÿyáng]Ocãano Atlántico大学[dàxuã] universidad大洋周[Dàyáng Zhōu]Oceanía大爷[dà ye] tío大衣[dàyÿ] abrigo代表[dài biǎo] representante代表团[dài biǎo tuán]delegaciïn, comitiva 带[dài] traer, llevar consigo袋[dài] bolsa戴[dài] vestir, llevar单[dün] cuenta, boleta担心[dün xÿn] preocuparse但是[dàn shì] pero, sin embargo蛋[dàn] huevo蛋糕[dàn güo] pastel当[düng] servir de, trabajar de当然 [dėng rán] por supuesto, ciertamente当心[düng xÿn] cuidar de, preocuparse por岛[dǎo] isla到[dào] hasta ◆ llegar得 [de] (prt)得病[dãbìng] enfermarse, contagiarse德国[Dãguï] Alemania的 [de] (prt) de灯[dýng]lámpara灯节[Dýng Jiã] Dengjie, festival de las luces 灯笼[dýng long] linterna等[dþng] esperar地 [de] (prt) -mente地方[dì fang] lugar地理[dìlǐ]geografía地铁[dìtiþ] metro, subterráneo地图[dìtú] mapa地址[dízhǐ]direcciïn弟弟[dì di] hermano menor第[dì] prf (para números cardinales)典型[diǎn xíng]típico点[diǎn] med hora ◆ en punto点心[diǎn xÿn] bocadillo点种[diǎn zhōng] en punto电报[diàn bào] telegrama电车[diàn chý]trolebús电话[diàn huà]telãfono◆ llamada telefïnica电脑[diàn nǎo] computadora电视[diàn shì] television, tv电视台[diàn shìtái] televisora, estaciïn de televisiïn 电影[diàn yǐng]película电影院[diàn yǐng yuàn] cine, sala de cine电邮 [diàn yïu] correo electrïnico, e-mail电子[dián zǐ]electrïnico店[diàn] tienda吊[diào] colgar钓[diào] pescar钓鱼[diào yú] pescar丁云[Dÿng Yún] nom Ding Yun顶[dǐng] med订[dìng] suscribirse定作[dìng zuî] ordenar丢[diū] perder东边[dōng bian] Este东西[dōng xi] cosa冬天[dōng tiün] invierno懂[dǒng] entender, comprender动[dîng] mover动物[dîng wù] animal动物园[dîng wùyuán]zoolïgico都[dōu] todos豆腐[dîu fu] tofu, cuajada de soya, queso de soya 独唱[dúchàng] solo musical肚子[dù zi] abdomen, vientre度[dù] med, grado度假[dùjià] pasar las vacaciones短[duǎn] corto锻炼[duàn liàn] hacer ejercicio队[duì] equipo对[duì] correcto ◆ para对不起[duì bu qǐ]perdïn, disculpa对面[duìmiàn] opuesto对象[duìxiàng] novio, novia多[duō] muchos多么[duō me] cïmo◆quã多少[duō shao] cuántos饿[â] tener hambre儿子[ãr zi] hijo耳朵[þr duo] oreja, oído二[âr] dos发烧[füshüo] tener fiebre发生[füshýng] ocurrir发现[füxiàn] descubrir发音[füyÿn]pronunciaciïn, pronunciar 发展[füzhǎn] desarrollarse法国[Fǎguï] Francia法语[Fǎyǔ]francãs (idioma)翻译[fün yì] traducir ◆ traductor饭[fàn] comida ◆ arroz饭店[fàn diàn] restaurante饭馆[fàn guǎn] restaurante方便[füng biàn] convenir方向[füng xiàng]direcciïn,orientaciïn房间[fáng jiün] cuarto房子[fáng zi] casa访问[fǎng wân] visitar彷徨[Páng huáng] Panghuang放[fàng] poner放爆竹[fàng bào zhú] soltar cohetitos放假[fàng jià] estar de vacaciones, tener feriados 放心[fàng xÿn] tranquilizarse飞到[fýi dào] llegar volando飞机[fýi jÿ]aviïn飞机场[fýi jÿchǎng] aeropuerto非- [fýi] no ~非常[fýi cháng] extremadamente非洲[Fýi Zhōu]África肥[fãi] holgado ◆ gordo, obeso肺[fâi]pulmïn肺炎[fâi yán]neumonía分[fýn] med fen (moneda) ◆ med minuto分别[fýn biã] separar, partir分机[fýn jÿ]extensiïn分钟[fýn zhōng] minuto丰富[fýng fù] rico, abundante风[fýng] viento; aire风景[fýng jǐng] escenario, paisaje, panorama 风俗[fýng sú] costumbre风味[fýng wâi] sabor típico封[fýng] med夫人[fū ren] dama, señora服务[fúwù] servir服务员[fúwùyuán] mesero, mesera服装[fúzhuüng] vestido, traje幅[fǔ] med福[fú] buena fortuna斧子[fǔ zi] hacha辅导[fǔdǎo] dar tutoría阜成门[Fùchãng mãn] Fucheng men复习[fùxí] repasar复杂[fùzá] complicado, complejo改[gǎi] corregir盖儿[gàir] tapa, cubierta干[gàn] trabajar, hacer干杯[gün býi] brindar, brindis干净[gün jing] limpiar肝[gün]hígado感到[gǎn dào] sentirse感动[gǎn dîng] emocionar, conmover ◆ emocionado, conmovido 感冒[gǎn mào] dar gripa ◆ gripa感想[gǎn xiǎng]impresiïn, sentimiento感谢[gǎn xiâ] agradecer感兴趣[gǎn xìng qù] estar interesado刚[güng] apenas, hace poco刚才[güng cái] justo ahora高[güo] alto, elevado高兴[güo xìng] contento, alegre, feliz告诉[gào su] contar, decir, avisar哥哥[gý ge] hermano mayor歌儿[gýr]canciïn歌剧[gýjù]ïpera阁楼[gãlïu]ático个[gâ] med (para personas, etc.)个子[gâ zi] altura各[gâ] cada给[gþi] a, para ◆ dar跟[gýn] con ◆ seguir更[gâng]más,aún más,todavía más工厂[gōng chǎng]fábrica工程师[gōng chãng shÿ] ingeniero工地[gōng dì]construcciïn (lugar)工人[gōng rãn] trabajador工艺品[gōng yìpǐn]artesanía工作[gōng zuî] v trabajar ◆ s trabajo公分[gōng fýn] med centímetro公共[gōng gîng]público公共汽车[gōng gîng qìchý]camiïn公斤[gōng jÿn] kilogramo公里[gōng lǐ]kilïmetro公平[gōng píng] feria公司 [gōng sÿ]compañía公园[gōng yuán] parque público功夫[gōng fu] kung fu恭贺新禧[gōng hâxÿn xǐ]¡Feliz año nuevo! 勾[gîu] bastante, suficiente狗[gǒu] perro ◆(año chino) perro姑娘[gū niang] muchacha, chica古[gǔ] antiguo, viejo (para cosas)古波[Gǔbō] nom Gubo古代[gǔdài] la antiguedad古典[gǔdiǎn]clásico古迹[gǔjÿ] reliquia arqueolïgica鼓掌[gǔzhǎng] aplaudir故宫[Gùgōng] Palacio Imperial故居[gùjū] domicilio antiguo故事[gùshì] cuento, historia故乡[gùxiüng] tierra natal顾客[gùkâ] cliente顾问[gùwân] consejero刮风[guüfýng] soplar [el viento]挂[guà] colgar, poner arriba拐[guǎi] dar la vuelta拐弯[guǎi wün] dar vuelta en la esquina关[guün] cerrar关心[guün xÿn] preocuparse, ocuparse de观众[guün zhîng] audiencia广播[guǎng bō] radiodif usiïn广播室[guǎng bōshì] cuarto de radiodifusiïn 广播员[guǎng bōyuán] anunciador广场[guǎng chǎng] plaza广州[Guǎng zhōu] nom Guangzhou规律[guÿlǜ] regla鬼[guǐ] diablo柜台[guìtái] mostrador贵[guì] caro, valioso ◆ noble贵姓[guìxìng]¿cuál es su apellido? 郭沫若[GuōMîruî] Guo Moruo国[guï]país国际[guïjì] internacional国家[guïjiü]país,naciïn过[guî] pasar ◆ haber孩子[hái zi] niño, hijo海[hǎi] mar寒假[hán jià] vacaciones de invierno 喊[hǎn] pegar de gritos, vociferar汉语[hàn yǔ] chino (idioma)汉字[hàn zì] hanzi, caracter chino航空[háng kōng] correo aãreo好[hǎo] bueno, buen好吃[hǎo chÿ] sabroso, rico, delicioso 好看[hǎo kàn] hermoso, bonito好客[hào kâ] hospitalario号[hào]día◆número号码[hào mǎ]número号日[hào rì]día, fecha喝[hý] beber, tomar合唱[hãchàng] coro合适[hãshì] quedar, ir bien con和[hã] y和平[hãpíng] s paz河[hã]río黑[hýi] negro黑暗[hýiàn] obscuro, oscuro很[hþn] adv muy红[hïng] rojo红茶[hïng chá]tã negro红莲[hïng lián] loto rojo红楼梦[hïng lïu mâng] Sorgo rojo, Sueño de pisos rojos 红绿灯[hïng lǜdýng]semáforo红叶[hïng yâ] hoja roja, hoja de maple猴[hïu](año chino) mono后边[hîu biün]atrás,detrás后来[hîu lái]despuãs厚[hîu] grueso, gordo胡同[hútîng] pasadizo, pasaje壶[hú] olla湖 [hú] lago虎[hǔ](año chino) tigre互相[hùxiüng] el uno al otro, mutuamente护士[hù shi] enfermera护照[hùzhào] pasaporte花[huü] gastar dinero花茶[huüchá]tãaromático花儿[huür] flor花园[huüyuán]jardín华表[huábiǎo] pilar de mármol华侨[huáqiáo] China de ultramar滑冰[huábÿng] patinar滑雪[huáxuþ]esquí◆ esquiar画[huà] dibujar, pintar画报[huàbào] revista ilustrada画儿[huàr] dibujo ◆ pintura画展[huàzhǎn]exposiciïn de arte话[huà] habla; palabra话剧[huàjù] drama vocal怀念[huái niàn] apreciar, acordarse de坏[huài] algo que no va bien欢迎[huün yíng] bienvenido ◆ dar la bienvenida还[hài]todavía,aún◆además还[huán] regresar还是[hái shi] o换[huàn] cambiar ◆ transbordar皇帝[huáng dì] emperador黄[Huáng] nom Huang黄河[Huáng Hã] nom río Huanghe, el río amarillo 灰[huÿ] gris恢复[huÿfù] recuperarse回[huí] regresar, volver回答[huídá] contestar, responder ◆ respuesta 回来[huílái] regresar会[huì] poder hacer, saber hacer婚礼[hūn lǐ] boda活[huï] vivir ◆ vivo活儿[huïr] trabajo火[huǒ] fuego火车[huǒchý] tren火腿[huǒtuǐ]jamïn或者[huîzhþ] o货[huî]artículo,mercancía机场[jÿchǎng] aeropuerto机会[jÿhuì] oportunidad鸡[jÿ](año chino) gallo鸡蛋[jÿdàn] huevo de gallina迹[jÿ] rastro, huella激动[jÿdîng] emocionado极了[jí le] extremadamente集合[jíhã] reunir几[jǐ]¿cuántos? (para numeros menores de 10) 挤[jǐ] apretado ◆ apretar记[jì] apuntar, registrar ◆ recordar记录[jìlù] registrar, grabar纪念[jìniàn] conmemorar寄[jì] enviar correo加拿大[jÿa nádà]Canadá加深[jiüshýn] ahondar家[jiü] casa, hogar ◆ familia价钱[jiàqián] precio假期[jiàqÿ] vacaciones坚持[jiün chí] insistir, persistir间[jiün] med检查[jiǎn chá] examinar ◆examen mãdico简朴[jiǎn pǔ] sencillo, sin adorno见[jiàn] ver见面[jiàn m iàn] conocerse el uno al otro件[jiàn] med (para artículos)建设[jiàn shâ] construir建筑[jiàn zhù] construir健康[jiàn küng] salud ◆ sano江西[Jiüng xÿ] nom Jiangxi将来[jiüng lái] futuro讲[jiǎng] explicar讲解[jiǎng jiþ] explicar讲解员[jiǎng jiþyuán] guiar奖状[jiǎng zhuàng] certificado交[jiüo] pagar胶卷[jiüo juǎn] rollo de película脚[jiǎo] pie叫[jiào] llamarse ◆ llamar ◆ ladrar教[jiüo]enseñar (en clase, etc)教练[jiào liàn] entrenador, coach ◆ entrenar 教室[jiào shì]salïn de clase教授[jiào shîu] profesor教堂[jiào táng] iglesia接[jiý] recibir ◆ contestar (el telãfono)接人[jiýrãn] conocer a una persona接吻[jiýwþn] besar街[jiý] calle街道[jiýdào] calle节[jiã] festival ◆ (cls) hora节目[jiãmù] programa节日[jiãrì]día feriado结婚[jiãhūn] casarse她[tü] prn ella姐姐[jiþ jie] hermana mayor解[jiþ] desahogarse解放[jiþfàng] liberar介绍[jiâshào] presentar ◆presentaciïn 借[jiâ] prestar今年[jÿn nián] este año今天[jÿn tiün] hoy金字塔[jÿn zìtǎ]pirámide紧[jǐn] cercano近 [jìn] cerca进[jìn] entrar进步[jìn bù] progreso, avance进来[jìn lái] entrar京剧[jÿng jù] (zh) Opera de Beijing经理[jÿng lǐ] gerente精力[jÿng lì]energía景德镇[Jǐng dãzhân] nom Jingdezhen景山[Jǐng shün] nom Jingshan镜头[jìng tïu] lente de cámara镜子[jìng zi] espejo九[jiǔ] nueve酒[jiǔ] licor, vino旧[jiù] viejo, usado就[jiù] precisamente居留证[jūliúshâng] certificado de residencia 桔子[jú zi] naranaja桔子水[jú zi shuǐ] naranjada举行[jǔxíng] celebrar, efectuar句[jù] med frase句子[jù zi] o raciïn剧[jù] drama teatral剧场[jùchǎng] teatro聚会[jùhuì] reunirse决定[juãdìng] decidir绝[juã] desaparecer ◆ absoluto觉得[juã de] pensar, sentir觉得[juã de] sentir, parecer que咖啡[küfýi]cafã咖啡馆[küfýi guǎn]cafetería开[küi] abrir开车 [küi chý] manejar, conducir开花儿[küi huür] florecer开会[küi huì] presentarse en asamblea开始[küi shǐ] empezar, comenzar开学[küi xuã] comenzar el curso开演[küi yǎn] comenzar (una representaciïn)看[kàn] ver ◆ leer看病[kàn bìng] ir a consulta, ver al mãdico 看见[kàn jiàn] ver看书[kàn shū] leer考[kǎo] tomar un examen ◆ hacer un examen 考试[kǎo shì] examen ◆ examinar烤肉[kǎo rîu] carne asada科[ký]secciïn, departamento咳嗽[kã sou] toser可爱[kþài] encantador可能[kþnãng] ser posible可是[kþshì] pero, sin embargo可笑[kþxiào] chistoso可以[kþyǐ] poderse, ser posible ◆quizá渴[kþ] tener sed ◆ sediento刻[kâ] med 15 minutos, cuarto de hora客气[kâ qi] cortãs, educado客人[kâ ren] huãsped, visitante, visita, invitado 客厅[kâtÿng] sala de invitados课[kâ] clase课本[kâbþn] libro de texto课间[kâjiün] receso (entre clases)课文[kâwãn] texto空儿[kîngr] tiempo libre空气[kōng qì] aire口语[kǒu yǔ] lengua hablada哭[kū] llorar裤子[kù zi] calzïn块[kuài] yuan快[kuài]rápido快乐[kuài lâ] feliz筷子[kuài zi] palillos chinos宽[kuün] ancho矿泉水[kuàng quán shuǐ] agua mineral昆明湖[Kūn míng Hú] nom lago Kinming困[kùn] adormilado拉[lü] acarrear ◆ tocar (instrumentos de cuerda) 来[lái] venir ◆ (como complemento) hacia acá来自[lái zì] venir兰花[lán huü]orquídea蓝[lán] azul篮球[lán qiú] basketball狼[láng] lobo劳动[láo dîng] laborar老[lǎo] anciano, viejo老虎[lǎo hǔ] tigre老舍[Lǎo Shþ] nom老师[lǎo shÿ] maestro, profesor姥姥[lǎo lao] abuela materna累[lâi] estar cansado冷[lþng] tener frío厘米[límǐ]centímetro离[lí] desde离开[líküi] partir, salir, irse礼堂[lǐtáng] auditorio礼物[lǐwù] regalo李[Lǐ] nom Li李自成[LǐZìchãng] nom Li Zicheng里[lǐ] dentro里边[lǐbiün] dentro理想[lǐxiǎng] ideal力气[lì qi] fuerza历史[lìshǐ] historia立[lì] estar de pie立刻[lìkâ] inmediatamente丽丽[Lìlì] nom Lili利害[lì hai] terrible, serio利用[lìyîng] usar俩[liǎ] ambos连...也... [lián ... yþ ...] aún联系[lián xi] poner en contacto练习[liàn xí] hacer ejercicios, practicar 凉快[liáng kuai] fresco粮食[liáng shi] comida两[liǎng] dos亮[liàng] brillo辆[liàng] med (contador para vehículos)量[liáng] medir聊天儿[liáo tiünr] charlar了 [le] mod了解[liǎo jiþ] comprender料子[liào zi] material邻居[lín jū] vecindario, vecino临摹[lín mï] copiar灵魂[líng hún] alma铃[líng] timbre, campana零[líng] cero零钱[líng qián] cambiar (dinero)流利[liúlì] fluido, corriente留[liú] quedarse留学生[liúxuãshýng] estudiante de intercambio, estudiante extranjero 留言[liúyán] dejar un mensaje留言簿[liúyán bù] libro de visitas六[liù] seis龙[lïng]dragïn◆(año chino) dragïn隆冬[lïng dōng] pleno invierno楼[lïu] piso鲁迅[LǔXùn] nom Lu Xun录像[lùxiàng] video录音[lùyÿn]grabaciïn◆ grabar录音机[lùyÿn jÿ] grabadora路[lù] camino, ruta, vía路口[lùkǒu] cruce旅馆[lǚguǎn] hotel旅行[lǚxíng] viajar ◆ viaje律师[lǜshÿ] abogado绿[lǜ] verde绿茶[lǜchá]tã verde绿灯[lǜdýng] luz verde妈妈[mü ma] mamá麻烦[má fan] molestar ◆ molesto ◆ molestia马[mǎ] caballo ◆(año chino) caballo马虎[mǎ hu] descuidado马里[Mǎlǐ] nom Mary马路[mǎlù] camino马上[mǎshàng] en seguida, inmediatamente吗 [ma] (prt) (vuelve un enunciado afirmativo en una pregunta) 买[mǎi] comprar卖[mài] vender慢[màn] lento忙[máng] ocupado猫[müo] gato毛 [máo] med毛发[máo fa] cabello毛衣[máo yÿ]suãter茅台酒[Máo tái jiǔ] maotai贸易[mào yì] comercio帽子[mào zi] sombrero, gorro没[mãi] no没关系[mãi guün xi] no importa没有[mãi yǒu] no haber梅花[mãi huü] cerezo每[mþi] cada ~每天[mþi tiün] diariamente, todos los días美[mþi] hermoso美国[Mþi guï] Estados Unidos, USA美丽[mþi lì] hermoso美元[mþi yuán]dïlar (de EEUU)美洲[mþi zhōu]Amãrica (continente)妹妹[mâi mei] hermana menor门[mãn] puerta门口[mãn kǒu] entrada-们 [men] sfj (vuelve plurales a los pronombres personales)梦[mâng]soñar◆sueño米[mǐ] med metro棉袄[miánǎo] chamarra de algodïn面包[miàn büo] pan面儿[miànr] superficie秒[miǎo] med segundo (de tiempo)民歌[mín gý]canciïn tradicional民乐[mín yuâ]música tradicional名[míng] med [para nombres]名字[míng zi] nombre (de persona)明年[míng nián] el año prïximo, el año que viene 明天[míng tiün]mañana明信片[míng xìn piàn] postal摩托车[mïtuōchý] motocicleta墨镜[mîjìng] lentes de sol墨西哥[mîxÿgý] geo Mãxico母亲[mǔ qin] madre拿[ná] tomar哪[nǎ] prn ¿cuál?哪儿[nǎr]¿dïnde?哪里[nǎlǐ] exp no es nada (cuando se elogia)内科[nâi ký] departamento mãdico那[nà] eso ◆aquãl那儿[nàr]ahí,allí,allá奶酪[nǎi lào] queso奶奶[nǎi nǎi] abuela paterna男[nán]varïn, hombre男子[nán zǐ] hombre南边[nán biün] lado sur南京[Nán jÿng] Nanjing南美洲[Nán Mþi Zhōu]Sudamãrica南亚[Nán Yà] sureste asiático难[nán]difícil难过[nán guî] exp pasarla mal难忘[nán wàng] inolvidable呢 [ne] mod ¿no?能[nãng] ser posible, poder你[nǐ] prn tú你好[nǐhǎo]¡hola!你好吗[nǐhǎo ma] exp ¿cïmo estás?, lit ¿estás bien? 你们[nǐ men] ustedes年[nián]año年级[nián jí]año, grado年轻[nián qÿng] joven年夜饭[nián yâfàn] cena de año nuevo念[niàn] leer en voz alta您[nín] prn usted牛[niú](año chino) buey ◆ res牛奶[niúnǎi] leche (de vaca)牛肉[niúrîu] carne de res牛仔裤[niúzǎi kù] jeans, (mx) pantalones de mezclilla, (es) vaqueros 农村[nïng cūn] campo, área rural农民[nïng mín] campesino, pueblerino努力[nǔlì] con empeño, diligentemente ◆ esforzado女[nǚ] mujer女儿[nǚãr] hija女高音[nǚgüo yÿn] soprano女士[nǚshì] dama暖和[nuǎn huï]cálido欧洲[ōu zhōu] Europa爬[pá] escalar, subir爬山[páshün] escalar una montaña帕兰卡[Pàlán kǎ] nom Palanka怕[pà] tener miedo拍照[püi zhào] tomar fotografía s排队[pái duì] alinear排球[pái qiú] volley-ball牌子[pái zi] signo派[pài] mandar ~, enviar a ~旁边[páng bian] lado, costado胖[pàng] gordo跑[pǎo] correr跑步[pǎo bù] correr培养[pãi yǎng] acoger盆[pãn] florero朋友[pãng you] amigo皮[pí] cuero, piel啤酒[píjiǔ] cerveza片[piün] med [para tabletas]漂亮[piào liang] bonito, lindo, bello 票[piào] boleto乒乓球[pÿng püng qiú] mesa de tenis 平安里[Píngün lǐ] geo Ping'anli平方米[píng füng mǐ] metro cuadrado 平信[píng xìn] correo normal苹果[píng guǒ] manzana瓶[píng] med [para botellas]葡萄[pú tao] uva。
