初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】
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初中英语语法现在完成时!现在完成时是初二学生需要研究的语法内容,也是中考的难点和重点。
现在完成时的基本结构包括肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
肯定句的结构为主语+have/has+动词的过去分词,否定句的结构为主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词,一般疑问句的结构为Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词,特殊疑问句的结构为特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词)。
现在完成时的用法有两种。
第一种用法是用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
例如:“I have already posted the photo.”(我已经邮寄出了照片)。
与这种用法连用的时间状语是一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already(出现在肯定句中)、yet(出现在否定句/疑问句句尾)、just、before、recently、still、lately、never等。
第二种用法是用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
例如:“He has livedhere since 1978.”(自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿)。
这种用法常与for(+时间段)和since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可以变为延续动词,例如go out----be out、finish----be over、open----be open、die----be dead、buy---have、fall ill---be ill、come back----be back、catch a cold----have a cold。
现在完成时在考试中常见的考法包括单选、句型转换和词语运用。
考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
在考试中,会让学生判断是否该使用现在完成时,或者是考查“瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”的知识点。
2024届九年级英语中考一轮复习【语法专题】现在完成时和过去完成时知识点考点总结(讲义)九年级英语教研室整理现在完成时现在完成时态是中学阶段一个学习的难点和重点,相对来说比较难的一个语法点。
它涉及到对这个时态意义的充分理解和正确应用,连用的标志词也比较多,还有延续性动词和非延续性动词,在过去时和完成时之间的相互转换应用,以及have been to /gone to区别。
一,现在完成时的构成现在完成时的基本结构:助动词have/ has+动词的过去分词(pp)肯定句:I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了.否定句:I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部电影。
疑问句:Have you seen the film?Yes,I have.No, I haven't.你看过这部电影了吗?是的,我看过了。
不,我没看过。
二,现在完成时的用法及时间标志①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一个动作,对现在造成的影响。
常用的时间标志有:already, just ,yet ,before, so far, recently,ever, never,until now,in the past five years等She has already cleaned her bedroom.她已经打扫过她的卧室了。
She hasn't cleaned her bedroom yet.她还没打扫她的卧室呢。
Have you decided yet?你已经决定了吗?注意: already常用在肯定句中,意为“已经”,yet用在一般疑问句和否定句末。
在一般疑问中,意为“已经”在否定句中,意为“还”。
She has just e back from Paris.她刚从巴黎回来。
She has written three books so far.到目前为止,她已经写了三本书了。
九年级中考英语语法知识梳理现在完成时+过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
现在完成时是一种发生于过去、着眼于现在的时态;动作发生在过去,而强调点落在对现在的影响上,或描述从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1.现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式(1)现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式:助动词have/has+过去分词。
has用于主语为第三人称单数的句子中,其他各人称用have。
如:I have lived in Wuhan for years.我在武汉生活了好几年了。
She has finished her homework already.她已经完成作业了。
(2)现在完成时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语:■一般疑问句为:将have/has 放在句子开头,且首字母要大写,句末用问号。
■肯定回答为:Yes,+主语的相应代词+have或has;■否定回答为:No,+主语的相应代词+haven't或hasn't;■否定句为:在have,has后加not+过去分词。
have和has可以和not缩写为haven't,hasn't。
■特殊疑问句为:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+……?如:— Have you read the article in today's newspaper?你看过今天报纸上的文章了吗?(一般疑问句)— Yes,I have.是的,我看过。
/No,I haven't.不,我没看过。
(肯定、否定回答)— Has your mother finished cooking?你妈妈做完饭了吗?(一般疑问句)— Yes,she has.是的,她做完了。
/No,she hasn't.不,她没有。
(肯定、否定回答)They haven't written to their parents.他们还没有给父母写信。
中考语法——现在完成时(一)一、同步知识梳理一、构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
二、现在完成时的肯定、否定和疑问句式(1)肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“主语+have/has+过去分词+其他”。
如:I have been to America many times.我己经去过美国许多次了。
注意:“主语+ have/has”的缩写形式:I have→I've she has→she's you have→you'vehe has→he's we have→we've it has→it'sthey have→they've(2)否定句式现在完成时的否定句式是“主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他”。
如:We haven't seen such an interesting film before.我们以前没看过这么有趣的电影。
She hasn't learned Chinese since she came to China.自从她来到中国,她就没学过汉语。
注意:“have/has+not”的缩写形式:have not→haven't has not→hasn't(3) 一般疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have/ has提到主语之前。
如:Have you read this paper yet?你已经看过这份报纸了吗?Yes,I have. /No,I haven't.是的,我看过。
/不,我没看过。
一Has she been to Shanghai yet?她去过上海吗?一Yes,she has./No, she hasn't.是的,她去过。
/不,她没去过。
注意:现在完成时的一般疑问句的回答和其他时态的一般疑问句的回答一样,需用Yes或No,即“Yes,主语+have/has.”或”No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”。
现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如:I have had my lunch. 我吃过午饭了。
(强调现在已经饱了)I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。
(过去某个时间丢的,强调现在还没有找到)I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
---H ave you found your lost pen? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?---No.I haven't found it yet. 没,我还没有找到。
already:“已经”,用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末。
yet:“还,仍然”,用在疑问句或否定句中,常放在句末2. 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与for, since(自从)引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+ 时间段; since+ 时间点或一般过去式的句子.eg: She has learned English for 5 years. (她已经学习五年英语了)解释:一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去.He has lived in Beijing since he was born . (自从他出生以后就居住在北京)解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去)Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock? (自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
习题:选用for和since填空1.We haven’t seen each other ____________ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory __________ 10 years ago.3. The film has been on ___________ 20 minutes.4. Mr. Green has worked here _______________ he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead __________ several years.6. It’s five years _________________ we met last time.二、现在完成时的结构1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间.He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容)They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的)2.否定句:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间.He hasn’t ever read that book .They haven’t just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?What has he ever done?What have they just done?习题:按要求改写句子1.I have already had dinner.(否定句) I __________ _______ dinner _______.2. Mum has cooked the dinner.(否定句) Mum __________ ________ the dinner.3. Susan has learned English at school.(否定) Susan________ ___________English at school. 4I have checked my e-mail.(一疑并肯否回答) ____________________________________________ ___________________ ______________________5. I have already had dinner. (提问) _______ _______ _________ ___________ __________?6. He has just finished his homework. _______ _______ _______ __________ __________?7. Susan has learned English at school. ________ _________ ________ ___________ _________?8. Mum has cooked the dinner. _______ ________ ________ ________ ________?三、过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化1.过去分词的规则变化和过去式一致:○1一般情况下,在动词后直接加–ed:jump – jumped○2以不发音的e结尾时直接加–d:bake – baked○3以辅音加y结尾时去y变i加–ed:empty – emptied2.不规则动词的过去分词(本册中出现的词):buy —bought —bought send —sent— sent eat — ate — eatenfind — found — found cut — cut — cut go — went — goneget — got — got put — put — put see — saw — seensweep — swept — swept read — read —read speak — spoke — spokentell — told — told set — set — set give — gave — givenhave — had — had shut — shut — shut hear — heard — hearddo — did — done leave — left — left come — came — comeswim — swam — swum meet — met — met understand — understood — understood四、现在完成时的几个标志词1.already,yet和 justjust:“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
英语中考专项现在完成时态现在完成时态(Present Perfect Tense)用于表示过去发生的动作或事件与现在的关系,强调的是过去的经验、经历或状态对当前的影响。
它通常与包含"have/has + 过去分词"的句式结构一起使用。
现在完成时态的用法如下:1. 表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响。
2. 强调过去的经验或经历与现在的联系。
3. 表示持续到现在的动作或情况。
4. 用于表示刚刚发生或完成的动作。
现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时态的肯定句构成是"主语+助动词 have/has(根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式)+动词的过去分词",疑问句构成是"助动词 have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?",否定句构成是"主语 + 助动词 have/has(根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式)+ not + 动词的过去分词"。
以下是一些例子:肯定句:- I have read that book.- She has finished her work.- They have visited Europe before.疑问句:- Have you eaten breakfast yet?- Has he watched this movie before?- Have they ever been to Japan?否定句:- She hasn't started her project yet.- We haven't seen each other in a long time.- They haven't decided where to go for vacation yet.现在完成时的主要用法1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常和副词already, yet, never, ever, before just等连用。
时态复习之——完成时现在完成时基本结构:标志词:already(表示已经,用于肯定句中, yet(用于疑问句或否定句中, just(刚刚, ever(曾经 , never(从不, before(之前,For(加时间段,如for 3 years,since(表示自从,加时间点(ago或具体时间;如since 3 years ago, 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是可以转换成相应的延续性动词或短语。
如:buy-have , borrow-keep , leave-be away, come- be in, begin-be on , die-be dead, join-be a member of .eg. 1.他来中国三年了。
He has been in China for 3 years.注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间,对它们提问都用短语:How long 如:—How long have you studied English? —I have studied English for 3 years.( 1. --- My mother ___________ to Beijing , she is not at home.A. has beenB. has gone( 2. ---How many times _______ you ________to Beijing? --- Twice.A. have ; beenB. have; gone( 3.Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.A. livedB. has livedC. lives.基本机构:had +过去分词用法:过去完成时表示过去的过去,两个动作都发生在过去,先发生的动作用过去完成时,例如:当我赶到车站时,公共汽车已经开走了。
初三英语语法复习-—现在完成时,过去完成时现在完成时一、现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,也就是说,动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果.I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了。
)Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)二、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段为…时间Mary has been ill for three days。
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)I have lived here since 1998.③since+时段+ago I have worked here since two years ago。
④since+从句(过去时)I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old.⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)It is two years since I worked here.三、现在完成时与瞬间动作:瞬间动词如arrive,begin, borrow,buy, come,die,join,leave等可以用于现在完成时,但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语(for…或是since…)连用。
如:I have bought a car. (√)I have bought a car for a year。
(×)I have bought a car since a year ago. (×)I have had a car for a year。
现在完成时现在完成时知识精讲一、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
二、句子结构主语+ has/have + done (过去分词)三、基本用法四、时间状语1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句(译为:自从…以来)3. for+时间段4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…5. in the past / last few days五、动词过去分词的规则变化六、动词过去分词的不规则变化:七、相关句式八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换:在完成时中,一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。
此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词:例:The film began five minutes ago.---The film has been on for five minutes.---It has been five minutes since the film began.用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1. “ be+married”代替marry2. “be+ill”代替fall (get) ill3. “be+dead”代替die4. “be+asleep”代替fall (get) asleep5. “be+awake”代替wake/wake up6. “be+gone”代替lose, die, sell, leave7. “be+open”代替open8. “be closed”代替close/shut用“be+副词”代终止性动词1. “be+on”代替start, begin2. “be+up”代替get up3. “be+back(to)”代替return to, come back to, go back to4. “be here (there)”代替come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.”be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.”用be in the army”代替join the army3.”be in/at +地点”代替move to三点剖析一、考点:现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语;以及动词过去分词的变化规则。
中考必考的现在完成时,知识点、考点、经典题都整理好了!现在完成时专项讲解一.含义表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
二.结构主语+have/has+动词的过去分词★肯定句:主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done否定句:主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done一般疑问句:Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词doneYes, 主语+ have/ has.No, 主语+ haven’t /hasn’t(划重点,这个经常在单选中出现)★过去分词:1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:① 一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”:work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited②以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”:live---lived---lived ,③以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”:study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”:stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2. 不规则动词不规则的就只能靠自己去记忆啦!建议在平时的学习过程中自己动手整理,发现一个就把它记到自己的整理本或者笔记本上!(注意哦,一定要记在一起啊,记得在笔记本上预留他们的专属位置哟)三.用法(此处是重点)1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,有以下四大标志词:①already, just和yet:He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
中考英语语法丨现在完成时详解(附练习题及答案)中考英语语法丨现在完成时详解(附练习题及答案)一.现在完成时的构成:"have/ has+动词的过去分词”。
①肯定句主语+have/ has+动词的过去分词。
Though he has read the book three times, he hopes to read it again.尽管已经把这本书读了三遍,他仍希望再读一次。
②否定句:主语+have/ has+not+动词的过去分词。
You haven't been here for a long time.你已经很长时间没来这儿了。
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词? Have they finished the work yet?他们已经完成这项工作了吗?二.现在完成时的用法(1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响My father has gone to Shanghai. (表示人不在这里了)我爸爸去上海了。
I have already had supper. (表示现在不饿了)我已经吃过晚饭了。
(2 )表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态He has lived here since 1970.他自从1970年以来一直住在这里。
My brother has been a soldier for two years.我哥哥已经参军两年了。
提示:常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有alredy(已经),yet (还),just (刚刚), never(从不),ever(曾经),before (以前), recently(近来), since then(从那时起),since(自从),so far (到目前为止),for a long time(很长一段时间), in the past/last few years (在过/最近的几年里)等。
中考英语现在完成时知识点总结一、初中英语现在完成时 1.He for ten years.A. has been marriedB. marriedC. got marriedD. has married 【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:他已经结婚十年了。
根据时间状语for ten years.十年了,可知本句时态用现在完成时has/have+过去分词,且谓语应为持续动词。
be married表结婚的状态,be动词的过去分词为been。
故选A。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时,注意掌握结构has/have+过去分词。
2.I am surprised at the new look of my hometown,for it_____ a lot over the years.A. changedB. changesC. will changeD. has changed 【答案】D【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶,因为这几年改变了很多结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语it,故has,故答案是D.3.I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. will beB. wasC. have beenD. would be 【答案】 C【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时,故答案为C。
句意是:自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
4.—How do you like Treasure Island,Lucy?—It's so e某citing that I _______ it twice.A. am readingB. have readC. was readingD. had read 【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:,露西,你认为《金银岛》怎么样?,它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。
干货丨时态(完成/过去/)在中考当中的考点课程安排· 作业讲评· 中考词汇听写· 知识点回顾· 课堂练习一、现在完成时含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了。
)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了。
)Michael has been ill. (含义是:现在仍然很虚弱。
)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)二、现在完成时结构与句型助动词have /has+动词过去分词,主语为第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have 。
句型: 1、肯定句:主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。
I have studied English for 5 years .2、否定句:主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。
We haven’t been there .3、一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?Has he eaten that apple ?4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他?Where have you been to recently?三、现在完成时用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。
e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far 等。
九年级英语语法知识—现在完成时全国通用【本讲主要内容】语法知识——现在完成时【知识总结归纳】一. 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语(包括副词、短语、从句等)主要有三种类型,分别用于不同意义的句子之中。
1. 表达“现在刚刚完成”的动作:副词:just, already, yet, recently(lately, etc)短语:so far, these +(最近)一段时间,etc2. 表达某种经历或经验副词:ever, never, once, twice, before, etc常用句:How many times…?3. 表达“过去继续到现在的动作或状态”,常与for和since连用,如:for two weeks, for a long timesince + 过去时间点/ n. / 一段时间+ ago / 一般过去时的从句在以上的时间状语中需要认真区别的就是“since + 一段时间+ ago”这个结构,它与“一段时间+ ago”含义不同,前者为时间段,后者为时间点。
二. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较1. 在表达“过去的经历、经验”的概念时,如果时间不确定,用现在完成时,如果时间确定,则用一般过去时。
eg.I’ve met him before.I met him two days ago.2. 在when或what time引导的特殊疑问句中,不能用现在完成时。
eg.When have you visited New York?When did you visit New York?3. 过去发生的连串动作,如用and, but, or, so等对等连词连接,要用一般过去时。
三. 延续性动词与瞬间动词[例1] Mr. Green for two hours.A. has goneB. has leftC. has arrivedD. has been away[例2] I for six months.A. have received John’s letterB. have heard from JohnC. haven’t heard from JohnD. haven’t heard from John’s letter以上两题都涉及了延续性动词与非延续性动词,即瞬间动词,所谓延续性动词,又称为持续性动词,即可以表示持久动作或状态的动词,如drink, eat, read, play, fly, talk等词,这些动词有以下特点:(1)可以和表示时间段的状语连用The students have played for an hour.Mr. Green has read for about four hours.He will stay there for two weeks.(2)可以用于进行时态I am writing an important letter.It was raining hard when we got off the rain.瞬间动词,也叫终止性动词,暂时性动词或“点动词”,如open / close, leave, e, go, put, arrive, finish, borrow, lend, marry 等动作在极短的瞬间时间内完成的,也就是说该动作一发生即直接转入结束,结果状态,这类词有以下特点:(1)不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,试看以下例句:① 我感冒一个星期了。
中考初中英语语法-现在完成时和过去完成时地区别语法----现在完成时和过去完成时的区别1.从结构上区别现在完成时:主语 + have / has + 过去分词(肯定式)主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词(否定式)Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词(疑问式)过去完成时:主语 + had + 过去分词(肯定式)主语 +had + not + 过去分词(否定式)Had + 主语 + 过去分词(疑问式)2.从时间状语区别现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。
过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“by, at, before等构成的短语”。
注意:当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。
例如:Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗?Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的,我刚吃完。
I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗?The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时,会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。
初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】(一)现在完成时1.表示到目前为止已经完成的动作,强调该行为对现在造成的影响,常与already, yet, before, ever, never, just 等副词连用。
1)A: Have you got your air-tickets yet?A: 你拿到机票了吗?B: Yes, I’ve already got mine. / Not yet.B: 是的,我已经那到了我的票了。
/ 还没呢。
2)A: Have you ever been on a helicopter ? (ever, never, before 可表示一种经历)A: 你曾坐过直升机吗?B: Yes, I’ve just been on a helicopter. / No, I’ve never been on a helicopter.B: 是的,我刚乘坐过直升机。
不,我从未乘坐过直升机。
3)It’s the most beautiful building I’ve ever seen. (现在完成时ever +最高级)这是我所见过的最漂亮的建筑。
She has never had a worse toothache.( 现在完成时never+比较级)她从未有过比这更糟糕的牙痛。
4)I have never used a digital camera before. Can you teach me how to use it ?我以前未用过数码相机。
你能教我如何用它吗?类比训练:选择最佳答案:1) A: Have Dave and Karen packed their suitcases ________ ?B: Yes, they’ve ________ finished. Look! They are taking the suitcases downstairs.A) already… already B) already… justC) yet….already D) yet… just答案:D。
解析:yet 用在否定句和疑问句中。
already, just用在肯定句中,但already表示已经, just 表示刚好。
句意:他们刚好收拾好行李,并提着他们下楼。
2)A: Have you ________ seen a dragon-boat race?B: No, I’ve _______seen a dragon boat race. I hope I will go to see it while I’m in China.A) ever… ever B) ever… never C) never… never D) never…ever答案:B。
解析:ever 用在疑问句中。
never表否定。
3)A: _______your younger brother _______ a foreign language before?B: Yes, he has. He ________ German last year.A) Have studied … studied B) Has studied… studiedC) Did study… has studied D) Did study… have studied答案:B。
解析:现在完成时与before时间状语连用。
last year 表明该句应用过去时。
4)I’ve _________ seen a __________ concert.A) never… more wonderful B) never… the most wonderfulC) ever… more wonderful D) ever… the most wonderful答案:A。
解析:现在完成时never+比较级。
句意:她从未看过比这更精彩的音乐会。
表示持续到现在的动作或状态, 常与since, for, how long 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
a) A: How long have you learned English?A: 到目前为止你学英语有多久了?B: Since I was in Grade One / Since 1997 / Since 8 years ago/ For 8 years.B:自从我上一年级以来。
/ 自从1997年以来。
/ 自从8年前以来。
/到目前已有8年了。
(since后接句子,或时间点;for 后接时间段。
)b) A: How long have you been like this?A: 你像这样有多久了?B: Since this morning.B: 自从今天早上以来。
类比训练:用since for how long 填空:1) A: __________ have you waited here?B: ________ half past eight.答案:How long (多久), Since(接时间点)。
2) A: ________ when have you lived in Los Angeles?B: _________ we emigrated (移居)from China.答案:Since(接时间点, since when 相当于how long), Since后接句子。
3) They have owned that business __________ eight months.答案:for (后接时间段)。
4) I haven’t felt very well ________ a week ago.答案:since(接时间点)。
(二) 现在完成时和一般过去时区别1. A: Have you had your lunch yet?B: Yes, I have.现在完成时强调该行为对现在造成的结果和影响。
上述答句隐含着“不饿”的意思。
A: When did you have it ?B: At about twelve.A: Where did you have it?B: At school.一般过去时强调过去的事实,如:时间、地点、原因或方式。
2. He has lived abroad for many years.他在国外生活了很多年。
(他现在在国外)现在完成时强调该行为或状态持续至今。
He lived abroad for many years.他在国外生活了很多年。
(他已不在国外)一般过去时强调过去的行为或状态不涉及现在。
类比训练:用所给动词的适当形式填空:1) A: Who ___________ (take ) away my umbrella? I can’t find it now.B: Oh, Sally __________ (take ) it away just now.答案:has taken。
强调对现在造成结果和影响:我找不到伞了。
took。
just now 刚才, 用于过去时,不同于just。
2) I ___________ ( learn ) a lot from the farmers. I still remember the days when I was with them.I ___________ ( learn) a lot from the farmers while I was on the farm.答案:have learned。
强调对现在造成结果和影响:我仍记得那些与农民在一起的日子。
learned。
强调当时在农场时, 我学到了许多。
3) My uncle ___________ (live ) in Vancouver for twenty years. Now he lives in Shanghai and has a business of his own.答案:lived。
根据句意他已不在温哥华生活。
4) My uncle _________ ( live ) in Vancouver for twenty years. He often calls back to say hello to us.答案:has lived。
根据句意他还在温哥华生活。
(三) 现在完成时在上下文中的使用1) 完成时与现在时A: You look very tired.A: 你看上去很累。
B: Yes, I’ve walked many miles today because I’m told that walking is the best exercise.B: 是的,我今天走了好几里地因为我听说走路是最好的锻炼。
2) 完成时和过去时A: Have you bought steak yet?A: 你买牛肉了吗?B: Ye s, I’ve already done so.B: 早买好了。
A: Where did you buy it ?A: 你在哪儿买的?B: In the supermarket. The steak there is always fresh.B:在超市买的那里的牛肉很新鲜。
3) 完成时和现在进行时A: Have you finished writing your report yet?A: 你写完报告了吗?B: Not, yet. It’s really hard work, so I’m still working on it.B: 还没呢。
这是一项艰巨的任务。
我还在写呢。
4) 完成时和将来时A: Have you been to the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition in Zhong Shan Park?A: 你去过中山公园的木乃伊展吗?B: No, I haven’t.B: 没去过。
A: Neither have I. I’ll visit it this weekend. Would you like to go with me?A: 我也没去过。
这周末我将去参观。
你愿意和我一块去吗?B: Of course. That must be fun.B: 当然。
那一定很有趣。
类比训练:1) A: ________ you _________ ( check) your passport yet?B: No, I _________ (check) it later.答案:have checked, will check。
2) A: ______ Your mother _________ ( call ) the travel agency yet?B: yes, she ________( already do ) so.A: Why _______ she _________ ( call ) the travel agency?B: Because she ________(want) to get more information about traveling to France.答案:Has checked, has already done, wanted。