Key to the Exercises3.15) out of sight16) in this instance17) to think well/ill of sb18) to confront sb with sth19) to lag behind20) to confer sth on sb21) for my money22) to be too much for sb23) to make for24) to set out to do sth25) few and far between26) to aspire to27) at the best of times28) all over again29) to do away with30) to stand to lose4.Increase your vacabulary with the help of the rules of word-building1) Find the most useful derivatives of the following.satisfy: satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory, satisfaction, unsatisfied, dissatisfied resist: resistance, resistant, irresistiblejust: unjust, justice, injustice, justify, justified, justification, justifiable cohere: coherent, coherence, incoherent, incoherencecenter ( v): center (n. ), central, centralize, centralization, decentralize, decentralization visit: visitor, visitation, revisit (The following words are also related to visit: visible, invisible, visibility, vision, visual, television, supervise)integrate: integration, integrated, integral, disintegrate, disintegration, integrityMore Work on theTextVocabulary1.1) into Chinese.1) into Chinese.(1)浴巾(2) (美)小学(3)永恒的真理 (4)文件柜(5)纯属无稽之谈(6)违规行为(7)常客(8)新鲜空气(9)格调很高的独自(一个人唱高调)(10)一种固定的观点(11)时事(当前国外大事)(12)身体障碍(13)可怕吓人的风(14)令人厌恶的景象(15)言语障碍(16)使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情(17)无情的人侵者(18)首相(19)国际联盟(国联)(20)思维过程(思想方式)(21)条理清楚的文章(22)一个完整的体系(23)一位口译好手(24)一种不可阻挡的趋向(25)烂苹果(26)根据事实(启示〉写成的(27)一位点头之交2) into English.(1) to sink one's head(2) to sink the ship(3) to contemplate the meaning of life(4) to catch the light(5) to ruin one's health(6) to ruin the country(7) to bang the desk(8) to playa prominent role(9) to hold a prominent position(10) a pious Buddhist(11) to gain a reputation(12) to satisfy one's ego(13) to give sb the third degree(14) to devise a teaching method(15) to slide a gun into sb's hand2.1) Synonyms.(1) to spring (to jump, to leap)(2) lest (for fear that)(3) utterly (completely)(4) to symbolize (to represent)(5) to sink one's head (to lower ... )(6) to contemplate (to think/ponder)(7) spectacles (glasses)(8) impediment (barrier, obstacle)(9) to collapse (to fall/to tumble down)(10) to ruin (to destroy)(11) to vanish (to disappear)(12) oddly (strangely)(13) to aspire to (to desire/to aim for)(14) to do away with (to eliminate)(15) to stop/give up (smoking) (to quit)(16) deficiency (weakness, fault, shortcoming)(17) folly (stupidity)2) Antonyms.(1) coherent (incoherent)(2) mental (physical)(3) disinterested (interested)(4) hideous (pleasant)(5) settled (unsettled)(6) frequent (infrequent)(7) integration (disintegration)(8) proficient (incompetent)(9) to destroy (to create)(10) to surpass (to lag behind)(11) remorseless (remorseful)(12) to vanish (to appear)(13) accustomed (unaccustomed)(14) irreverent (reverent)(15) few and far between (many, innumerable, countless, numerous) (6) loyalty (disloyalty)(17) contented (discontented)(18) pre-war (post-war)(19) prominent (unimportant)3. Translate1) I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2) As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3) Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4) It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5) The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6) In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7) The great majority of the people stand for reform.8) Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9) The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10) Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11) A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturallyas well as geographically.13) The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.14) The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.15) One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slippeda roll of money into my hand.16) The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.17) The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.18) The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.19) Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.20) He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.21) Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.4.1)c.2) A.3) D.4) A.5) B.6) B.7) C.8) B.9) A.10) C.11)D12) A.13) A.14) B.5.1) (1) sexy (2) sexual (3) sexy (4) sexist (5) sexual2) (1) uninterested (2) disinterested (3) disinterested (4) disinterested, uninterested3) (1) Literary (2) literally (3) literate (4) literal (5) literary4) (1) bulging (2) sticking out of (3) bulging (4) bulging (5) sticking out of( 6) protruding, protruding5) (1) slid (2) slip (3) slipped (4) sliding (5) slip6) (1) prestige (2) reputation (3) reputation (4) prestige61) decisive2) sang beautifully3) robust4) soft5) democratic6) eloquent7) have lost his appetite.8) The slice of meat was so thick that it was quite (transparent).9) His room was surprisingly clean and tidy. It was almost as clean as (pigsty).10) Many people are just as original as (parrots).7(1) their(2) even(3) reason(4) disagree(5) to express(6) thinking(7) for(8) dealing with(9) Staying(10) hungry(11) gains(12) born of(13) can(14) superficial(15) whenIII Grammar11) Point out the parallel construction and its grammatical form in each of these sentences.(1) not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck-two prepositional phrases (contrast)(2) unconscious prejudice; 19norance; hypocrisy-three noun phrases (listing)(3) as proficient as most businessmen's golf; as honest as most politicians' intentions; as coherent as most books that get written-three comparative adjective phrases (listing)(4) all shouting the same thing; all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudicestwo absolute constructions (listing)(5) watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King; asking myself what all the fuss was about-two present participle phrases (as object complements, listing)(6) prejudices are called loyalties; pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition- two clauses (listing)(7) three coordinate clauses (listing)(8) to appreciate little that which we have; to long for that which we have not-two infinitive phrases as subject (contrast)(9) to be; not to be-two infinitive phrases as subject (choice)(10) give me liberty; give me death-two imperative clauses (choice)(11) is written without effort; is read without pleasure-two passive verb phrases (contrast)(12) you can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time; you can't fool all of the people all of the time-two coordinate clauses connected by "but" (series plus contrast)The first clause itself contains two parallel constructions-all of the people some time; some of the people all of the time-connected by "and" (choice)2) Study and point out the function of the italicized part of these sentences.(1) adjective phrase as subject complement(2) deaf: adjective forming a complement to "someone" with "born"bitterly determined to find out about sound: adjective phrase as complement to "someone"(3) adjective phrase as subject complement(4) adjective phrase as attributive modifying "good life" (an adjective phrase modifying a noun should be placed after the noun)(5) adjective phrase as subject complement21) Thomas Edison says that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.2) Suzhou is known for its canals, gardens and tree-lined streets.3) The morning was dark, cold with a little snow in the air.4) The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare.Or: The unemployed man wanted to find a job rather than to apply for welfare.5) Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up.6) The essay is difficult to understand not because there are a lot of technical terms but becausethere are quite a few involved sentences.Or: The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical terms 10 it but because of the involved sentences.7) For further information, you can either consult an encyclopaedia or surf the Internet.8) Not only China but also the rest of the world will benefit from her WTO entry. It is a win-winevent.Or: As a win-win event, China's WTO entry will be of benefit to both China and the rest of the world.9) The job of the university is not only making specialists of its students but also helping thembecome civilized citizens.Or: The job of the university is both to make specialists of its students and to help them becomecivilized citizens.10) Going to classes, doing his homework and reading occupy most of his waking hours at college. 31) 20 years later he returned as poor as when he had left.2) He arrived home from a coast-to-coast journey a bag of bones.3) The girl stared at her parents, puzzled, troubled and annoyed.4) The proposal was dismissed as impractical and unfeasible.5) Just some twenty feet away, crouched the wolf, ready to jump on the boy at any moment.6) The audience sat open-mouthed, watching the conjurers performing all sorts of tricks.7) The detective was lying awake in bed, thinking how they could capture the wanted man alive.8) The talk show host was pleased that he had passed through the crowd unrecognized.9) Sincere, compassionate, forgiving, Linda is the soul of the true, the good and the beautiful.10) Diogenes was lying in the sunshine, shoeless, bearded, and half-naked, but contented and happy. 41) You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2) The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3) You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4) In the Middle Ages, people believed that the eatth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5) I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6) Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get ajob first.7) Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8) Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9) Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.10) In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their healththan about their income.51) looks, being complimented, will say, has come, felt, was, was always looking for, to hurt, wascalled, believed, heard, would come, take, replace, might/would happen, to make, would/might get, to fool, would say.2) became, should be removed, (I) 've learned, wouldn't really want, is, provides, isn't, dies, crashes,will lay, have been lying, find, rotting, sprout, goes on.61) C.2) D.3) B.4) D.5) A.6) C.7) B.8) A.9) C.10) B.1l)C.12) D.13) A.14) B.15) D.16) ALesson Two Waiting for the PoliceKey to exercises1. TranslateInto Chinese1.夜生活2.吃和住3.供吃住的寄宿舍4.一秒钟都不到5.玻璃弹子6.抽打死马（做徒劳无益的事）7.阿司匹林片8.在此情况下9.提前，事先10.走过场11.楼梯间平台的窗户12.紧气氛13.毛线针14.梦游15.飞机翼展Into English1.to whip up a little interest2.to keep the ball rolling3.to set the ball rolling4.an eccentric millionaire5.to allot capital6.to tighten one’s belt7.to make a remark8.to stretch out one’s hand9.to moisten one’s lips10.to complain of the weather11.to plunge the stick into the sand12.to turn on me13.to get on one’s nerve14.to put something out of someone’s mind15. to come off the hook16.to do a crossword puzzle17.to blow one’s nose18.to powder one’s nose19.to give an alibi2. Replace the italicized derogatory words int eh following sentences with commendatory ones.1. slim2. robust3. famous4. orator5. wonderful/terrific/superb/excellent6. beauty7. mansion8. innocent; kind-hearted9. principle10. revolutionaries11. debates12. boom13. thrifty; honesty or common decency14. Discussion15. Stability16. regulate3. Translate1.It is a miracle how our company has become a multinational in such a short span of time.2.The average life span in that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matterof two decades.3.The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4.There are four bridges spanning the river.5.I’m much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6.No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don’t have to go if you don’t want to.7.She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8.In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spotfor a picnic.9.Sitting in a shady spot, he soon dozed off.10.He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bad down by the roadside.11.It was a white shirt with blue spots. It looked quite pretty.12.The detective spotted the suspect, and he walked over and arrested him.13.One of the balloons popped, and it gave me quiet a start.14.It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is stillgoing on.15.When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped outof his head.16.In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring tendollars’ worth of water as a gift.17.When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It willbe well worth the effort and investment.18.This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it is not worth seeing at all.19.I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditionalhouse intact – houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20.Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father’s worthy son. He yearned for freedom.4. Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1-6 B D A B B D7-12 B A CC A D5. Tell the difference between the following pairs or groups of words.1. 1) earnest/ serious2) serious3) serious4) earnest/serious5) serious2. 1) make full use of2) took advantage of3) take advantage of4) take full advantage of/ make full use of5) take advantage of6) make some use of3. 1) weird2) strange3) eccentric4) odd5) strange/unusual/odd; peculiar/weird4. 1) advise2) advised3) suggest4) proposed5) suggest6) propose7) proposes/suggests5. 1) always/constantly2) regularly3) normally/usually4) constantly5) always6) regularly; always7) normally/usually6. Study the following sentences and point out what it is that is being exaggerated. 1.how startled she was2.the fat that she never seemed to stop knitting3.how he has been touring the world to give lectures for money4.how all food is removed or destroyed leaving nothing for the enemy5.his poor shooting6.his chronic tardiness7.his dumbness8.the strong smell of the cheese9.his eagerness to please powerful people10.his complete absence of moral considerations in his attempt to grab money11.my hunger12.difficulties in life13.the number of people14.the amount of medicine15.the heavy pompous word7. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.While2.average3.under4.being5.mutual6.favorable7.account8.status9.relate10.stay11.On12.actual13.friendly14.nervousness15.inMore work on the Text1.Grammar in context1.1) In the circumstances: explanatory2) approximately: explanatory3) as you know: afterthought4) and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that: afterthought5) he explained: afterthought6) the trick of interrupting here: explanatory7) in fact: transitional8) I’ve often wondered: afterthought9) for his part: transitional10)it’s true: afterthought11) if anyone should ask my opinion: afterthought12) ‘for its part’ and ‘on the other hand’: both transitional2.Study and summarize ways of making suggestions.Using a question:1)Shouldn’t…2)Shall we…5)Why don’t you/weUsing an imperative sentence:6) Suppose we…7) Let’s…Using ‘suggest/propose’’3)I propose…4) I suggested…2.Insert the appropriate parenthetical expression into the sentences from the list below.1.In fact2.Especially at an advanced level3.It was that long, I am sure4.Of course5.However6.On the other hand7.I suppose8.Forty-five years ago9.Whether invited or not10.For example11.Voluntarily orinvoluntarily12.It had been tested only onceplete the senteces below by translating the Chinese in the brackets.1.I suggest/propose we break up for two weeks.2.Shouldn’t we get a lawyer3.Why don’t you go and have a look in4.Suppose we take/ Let’s take5.Why don’t we just stay home/ Let’s just stay home6.Take a shortcut through the sports-ground7.We propsoe that the UN security Council meet at the earliest possible time8.Shouldn’t they be informed of9.Let’s/ why don’t we draw lots10.Shall we set a limit4.Translate1.It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.He can always understand what his friends are thinking andworrying about.4.Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the taprunning all night.5.The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I havent heardfrom him for almost a year.7.It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The realtest is how far you can go from where you started.8.She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was onlyyesterday that the twin towers were standing there.9.Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone elsewho had stabbed the boy’s father to death.10.In the market economy, it is primarily by idividuals andfirms rather tha by government agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.5.1. are making, were considered, are, are being used, don’t compact, have, starting, do2. will work, is, are , reproduces, deplete, is, are fueled, add3. can move, don’t tear, skin, will never take, are6.1-5 C D B C A6-10 D C A B B11-16 D A D C A B1. Translate 1) into Chinese (1) 专业的历史工作者 (2) 基于常识的反应 (3) 事物的这种状况 (4) 意见不一的历史学家 (5) 已经准备好了的现成的东西 (6) 一个个人喜好不同的问题 (7) 截然不同的观点 (8) 民间故事 (9) 书面文件 (10) 过去的遗留物 (11) 人的动机和行为 (12) 复杂和精细 (13) 商船 (14) 一旦发生潜艇战 (15) 一个粗糙的理论 (16) 好战的行为；战争行为 (17) 宣传机器 (18) 德国外交部长 (19) 实力平衡 (20) （事物的）因果 (21) 海岸炮兵 (22) 终极关怀 (23) （事物的）近因 (24) 人们常说的一句话 (25) 不会出错的解释 (26) 绝对有效的模式 (27) 永不停止的探索 (28) 一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. 1) synonyms(1) elusive : puzzling, baffling(2) intriguing: fascinating(3) evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4) ultimate: final, last(5) to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6) to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7) belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8) in addition to: besides, apart from, plus(9) in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10) nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same2）into English (1) to gain new insights (2) to revise one ’s ideas (3) to trace the cause (4) to begin from this premise (5) to open fire on/at (6) to give equal weight to sth (7) to support a certain view (8) to influence the government (9) to destroy the balance of power (10) to form an alliance (11) to repay the loans (12) to contemplate war (13) to fill in the gaps (14) to conclude the quest (15) to view sth from a certain perspective (16) to benefit from the comparison (17) to eliminate from the comparison (18) to dig into the problem (19) to be immersed in a vast sea (20) to stem from a different point of view (21) to be destined to do sth (22) to ignore the fact (23) to make an assumption (24) to defeat the enemy (25) to win back one ’s lost territory (26) to sink a boat (27) to intercept the secret message (28) to piece together evidence (29) to approximate the truth (30) to master new techniques(11) to conclude ( the quest) : to end (the search / probing)(12) to denote: to refer to(13) persuasively: convincingly(14) more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15) moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more(16) by way of: through2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10) crude (theory): a well-developed (theory), a sophisticated (theory)(11) confused: clear, clear-minded(12) professional: non-professional, amateurish3.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or lessthe same meaning.1)simple/primitive; told; thick2)pondering/thinking about; future/fate; insignificant3)completely/entirely; different/opposite4)consider/regard; look at; angles/points of view5)knows very well; growing/increasing; complaints6)besides/apart from; easy; in the case of/if there is7)purposely paid no attention to8)generally/on the whole; however/but; come from/originate from9)absolutely reliable; wipe out/get rid of; bound to4.Translate1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led tothe financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for theireducation.11)The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day andsee more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the SecurityCouncil.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last centuryby way of an introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.5.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although; to2)over/about; with3)to; in4)led to/resulted in/caused5)with; lends/gives/brings6)from; in7)as to; of8)in the even of; survive9)to; to; study10)out; in11)in; weight/priority12)denote; of13)immersed/buried; more or less14)rather; the more15)at; stems from/comes from/originates from/results from16)base; filled inLesson Four A Drink in the PassageI. Oral work (omitted)II. Vocabulary Test:1 Translate1) into Chinese.(1)难以解决的两难困境(2)一本难以看懂的书(3)一个爱交际的女人(4)黑市(5)黑色幽默(6)害群之马2) into English(1)to celebrate its Golden Jubilee(2)to excite admiration(3)to touch the conscience(4)to win the prize(5)to receive a reprimand(6)to omit the words2. Study the difference between the following pairs or groups of words.1)(1)renounce (2)announce (3)renounce (4)denounced2)(1)avoid; prevent (2)prevent (3)avoid (4)averted/ avoided/ preventedIII. Grammar work1. Complete the following sentences with the right from of the verb in the brackets. (1) is (2) are (3)was (4)frightens2. Translate the sentences into English.1) Using “It is/ was said/ believed, etc.” to express general beliefs.(1)It’s widely rumored that Linda’s getting promoted.(2)It is estimated that the project will cost RMB three billion.(3)It is assumed that the Labor Party will remain in power.(4)It was proposed a few years ago that the president be elected for one term only. 2) Paying special attention to subject-verb agreement.(1)The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.(2)Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.(3)Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.(4)Statistics is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of information that is expressed in numbers.3. Put in appropriate connectives.(1)as , where , that/which, if/ whether, but , if.4. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(1) B (2)A (3)A四册六单元课后习题答案Key to the exercisesVocabulary1. Translate.2) into Chinese.(1)非理性因素 (2)过去的好日子 (3)思想模式(4)旧的故事 (5)思路 (6)鲜明的对比(7)强烈的满足感 (8)感情上的联想 (9)一场恶吵(10)酸葡萄 (11)—毫无根据的意见 (12)社会地位(13)重要而有说服力的因素 (14)怀疑的余地 (15)一种教条的观点(16)大学者们／大才子们 (17)不可避免的结果 (18)长期的斗争(19)互相矛盾冲突的观点 (20)鲜明的例子 (21)根深蒂固的信仰(22)仅仅是断言2) into English.(1) to classify propositions (2) to hold an opinion(3) to establish convictions (4) to reverse the process(5) to question the truth (6) to adopt a new belief ,(7) to demonstrate the contrary (8) to credit the fact(9) to entertain an opinion (10) to acquire wealth(11) to extend the term (12) to abandon belief(13)to value their respect (14) to belittle their opinions(15) to make an allowance (16) to alter our thought patterns(17) to take the same course (18) to parrot others' ideas2. Put appropriate prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.1) out/:over 2) on/upon 3) at; about 4) off 5) on; off 6) out; as 7) as; ou t 8) off 9) as; out 10) on; as 11) off; as 12) at; as 13) as; out 14) out; o ut3. Replace the words and expressions italicized with suitable words and exp ressions from the text.1) meet with; proposition; bare assertion 2) accept a view uncritically; res ts upon; mere3) deeply-rooted propositions; established 4) hold opposite views; conflicti ng interests5) parroting; tend to; such ideas as fit in with 6) conceive of; consistent with7) is also true of; make allowance for 8) stock subjects; going to the dogs 9) in fashion; a strong argument in its favor 10) bear grudge against; or as the case may be11) belittle; are jealous of 12) attribute to13) As a rule; would be the last person to 14) consists in; shaking off15) In light of; on our guard 16) left us with no doubt4. Translate.。
