2018届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时17阅读理解七选五3

课时11 阅读理解体裁解读(2)—说明文【体裁解读】做要旨粗心题时能够经过：找寻主题句，确立文章粗心。

在很多状况下，特别是在阅读说明文和谈论文时，依据其篇章特色我们能够经过找寻短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。

抓住段落粗心，归纳中心思想。

找寻整篇文章的中心思想的方法是成立在找寻各段落中心的基础上。

各段落中心句的整体归纳即是文章的中心思想。

抓主线和重点词，归纳文章中心。

要注意不是全部的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。

体裁操练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNew Orleans tocelebrate thefirst annual InternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational ，ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraise awarenessofjazzmusic，its significance ，andits potential asaunifying( 联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecele brations，though，intheU．jazzaudiencecontinuestosh rinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations. It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangetheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserf orjazz，Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmoreaccessible，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazz seemslikeit'snotreallyapart ftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNa tionalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“What I'mhopingtoaccomplish sthatmygenera tionandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sact uallycolor ，andit'sactuallydigital.”Mora nsaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbee nlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayit wasin19 08orhastocontinuetomove，becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Lastyear，MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty，“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuc has tisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme，it'sthe music，wheredoestheemotion(感情)lie？Arewe，ashumans，gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieP arkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts ？Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext ，”says Moran，“soIwanttocontinuethosearethethingsIwanttofoster. ”1．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay? A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword “that”inparagraph3referto? A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.3．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ExploringtheFutureofJazzB．TheRiseandFallofJazzC．TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD．CelebratingtheJazzDay【能力提高】AWhenaleafyplantisunderattack ，itdoesn'tsitin1983 ，twoscientists ，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin ，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgetting bitten byinsects sendoutaparticular smell that neighboring plants can chemicals comefromtheinjured parts oftheplant andseemto beanalarm.What theplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganic compounds，VOCsforshort.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCswhenbeingattacked.It's a plant's way of crying is anyone listening ？wecanwatchtheneighborsreact.2Someplants pumpoutsmelly chemicals tokeepinsects away.But others dodoublepumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestothe they arrive ，attacker who waslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy ，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelpthe neighbors.The damageisusually moreserious onthefirst p lant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking ，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo. Doesthis meanthat plants talk toeachother? Scientists the firstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches ，andso，ineffect ，wastalkingtotheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.So information wasexchanged，butit wasn't atrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin ，over150yearsago ，imaginedaworldfarbusier ，noisierand moreintimate (亲近的)thantheworld wecanseeandhear.Our sensesareweak.There's awholelotgoingon.1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby “thetablesareturned”inparagraph3? A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies. 3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan________. A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessary4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever. B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore. C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.3D．PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreima ginative.BAbuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoob taindr inkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilybytwodo ctorsinthe U．ofAgriculture，it'sanexcellentwater，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sa ll butimpossible ofindnaturalonlycomponentsrequired，though，a re a5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Tocon structaworkingstill，useasharpstick rrock odigaholefourfeetac rossandthreefeettomaketheholeindampareatoincreasethe_water_ca tcher'syourcupinthedeepestpartofthelaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupand therestofthelineru nsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next ，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandwe ightingthesheet'scenterdown withaplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledlowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddire ctlyover，andnomorethanthreeinchesabove，thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseunderthewaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform，rundownthematerial，andfalloffintothethecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshmentoutthrought hetube，andwon'thavetobreakdownthesti lleverytimeyouneedadrink.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirst paragraph?A．It'sd elicate.B．It'sexpen sive.C．It'scomp lex.D．It'sp ortable.6．Whatdoes theunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2refert o?A．Thetu be.B．The still.C．Theho le.D．The cup.7．Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill? A．Digaholeofacertainsize.B．Putthecupinplace.4C．Weightthesheet'scenterdown. D．Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet. 8．Whenasolarstillworks ，dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom__________. A．theplastictube B．outsidetheholeC．theopenair D．beneaththesheetCAfteryearsofheateddebate ，graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNational Park.Fourteen wolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransported tolastyear ，theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves. GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmu chofthe continental United States ，but they were gradually displaced by humanthe 1920s，wolveshadpracticallydisappeared fromthe Yellowstonearea.They wentfarther north into thedeepforests ofCanada，wherethere werefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearance of the wolves hadmany and elk populations —majorfoodsources( 根源)forthewolf —grewanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation( 植被)，whichreducedplantdiversityinthetheabsenceofwolves ，coyotepopulationsalsogrewcoyotes killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes ，andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966 ，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducing wolvestoYellowstonehopedthatwolveswould beabletocontroltheelk andcoyotefarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets. Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintrodu cetheU．andWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewol fpacksin ，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfitting inat ，deer，andcoyotepopulations aredown，while beaversandredfoxes havemadeaYellowstone wolf project hasbeenavaluable experimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvest ootherpartsofthecountryaswell.9．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.5C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgra ywolves.D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellow stonePark.10．Whatdoestheunderlin edword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Test ed.B ．Separ ated.C．Forcedo ut.D．Tracked down.11．Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbring about?A．Damagetolocalecology.B．Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C．Preservationofvegetation.D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.12．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowston ewolfproject?A．Doubtfu l.B．Pos itive.C．Disapprovi ng.D．Uncaring.DTheInte lligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectricc ar intoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystres spointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsf orafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople，leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔断)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlyth e，theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechn ologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintol aterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools，nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedBlytheexplains：“For manyolderpeopleparti cularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforprese rvingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyo nothers.“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegeto lderou rreactionsslowdownandthi softenresults npeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditions andlosingconfidence ntheirdrivingresultisthatpeoplestopdriving beforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo，theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy，explains：“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficulties6areforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems. “Forexample，mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthan everyoneelse butsurprisingly ，wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggled tokeepata constantspeedand soweremore likelytobreak thespeedlimit andbeatriskofgetting fined.We're looking atthebenefits ofsystemswhichcontrol their speed asawayofpreventingthat. “Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)to ensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel. ”13．WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?A．Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B．Todesignnewtypesofcars.C．Tofindoutolderdrivers'problems.D．Toteachpeopletrafficrules. 14．WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe? A．Itkeepsthemindependent.B．Ithelpsthemsavetime.C．Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D．Itcurestheirmentalillnesses. 15．Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A．Improvetheirdrivingskills.B．Developdriver-assisttechnologies.C．Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D．Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewModelElectricCarB．ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC．DrivingServicesforEldersD．KeepingOlderDriversontheRoadEIfyouboughtsomecandymonthsagobutneverateit,howcanyoutellwhether itisstillsafetoeat?The easiestwayistocheckthe “use-bydate”printedonthewrapper.Ifthatdatehasalreadypassed,you’relikelytothrowthecandyaway.Butisthatreallynecessary?According toanewreport fromtheUSNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil (NRDC),7tonsoffoodis wastedeachyear, largely becausepeopledon't fully understand whatexpirationdates,or “use-b ydates”，actuallymean.Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information aboutthethings that theywereeating. Whentheyfirst showedup,use-bydateswereonlysupposedtoindicatefreshnessbecauseproducerswantedtheir productstobetastedintheirbestconditions.Butthetruthisthatthesedatesaren'trelatedtotheriskoffoodpoisoningorfood-bornillness,accordingtoTimeNews.However,mostcustomersmisinterpreteduse-bydatesandrelatedthemtothesafetyofthefood,andtheystilllargelydonow.Eggs,forexample,canstillbeeatenthreetofiveweeksafterpurchaseeventhoughtheuse-bydateismuchearlier.Whentheiruse-bydatespass,strawberry-flavoreddrinksmaylosetheirredcolorandbiscuitsmaylosetheircrunch( 松脆),buttheyarenotharmful.“It's aconfusing subject, the difference between food quality andfood safety，”said JenaRoberts, vice president ofNationalFoodLab,aUSfoodtestingcompany.“EveninthefoodindustryIhavecolleagueswhogetconfused.”Thisiswhyscientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprintedfollowing theuse-by dates. “W ewantthis tobeclearlycommunicatedsoconsumersarenot misunderstandingthedataandcontributingtoa lotofwaste ，”said Dana Gunders,astaffscientistwiththeNRDC.Butthiswon'tbeamistakethatiseasytocorrectsincepeoplehavebelievedit for solongAnother problemis that the quality levels ofdifferent foodschangedifferently —somearestillsafetoeatlongaftertheiruse-bydatewhileothersarenot.Asaresult,foodindustryofficialsarenowthinkingofchangingtheuse-by datetoadateindicatingwhenfoodismostlikelytogobad.17．Theuse-bydatewasfirstintendedto________.A．tellthefreshnessoffoodB．showthesafetyoffoodC．giveawarningoffoodpoisoningD．indicatetherelationbetweenfoodandillness18．Theunderlined word “misinterpreted”in Paragraph 4probably means________.8A．madeguessesaboutB．formedawrongideaaboutC．madewronguseofD．tooknonoticeof19．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Mostcustomersunderstandwhatuse-bydatesmean.B．“Use-bydates”haveexistedformorethan50years.C．Biscuitscan'tbeeatenwhennotascrunchyastheyarebought. D．Evenaftertheiruse-bydatespass,somefoodsarestillsafetoeat. 20．Scientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprintedtogetherwiththeuse-bydatesbecause________.A．use-bydatesarenothelpfulorreliable B．moreconsumersgetworriedaboutfoodsafety C．mostconsumersoftenmisunderstanduse-bydates D．thequalitylevelofdifferentfoodschangesdifferently9课时11 阅读理解体裁解读(2)—说明文【体裁操练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

课时10 阅读理解体裁解读(1)—记叙文【体裁解读】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。

在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。

如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就会大大提高。

1．记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。

消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。

就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。

不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。

2．记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。

除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。

同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。

而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。

总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。

而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开差距的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。

综上所述，记叙文的应对策略：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。

体裁演练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simplybeautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2­ to 3­week­old owl.It had alreadybeen placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct anest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branchesinto the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in thenest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to seewhat news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on usall! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had donetheir duty and would probably continue to do so. 1．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1?A．Efforts made in vain.B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.2．Why was the author called to Muttontown?A．To rescue a woman.B．To take care of a woman.C．To look at a baby owl.D．To cure a young owl.3．What made the chick calm down?A．A new nest. B．Some food.C．A recording. D．Its parents.4．How would the author feel about the outcome of theevent?A．It's unexpected. B．It's beautiful.C．It's humorous. D．It's discouraging.【能力提升】ABenjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art whenhe was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some furfrom the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the catbegan to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin wasforced to admit what he had been doing.lot__caThe__t'swasaboutone of Benjamin's cousins，That year，_to_improve.Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushesBenjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a well­known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine­year­old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A．The cat would be closely watched.B．The cat would get some medical care.C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D．He taught him how to make engravings.4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________.A．master the use of paintsB．appreciate landscape paintingsC．get to know other paintersD．make up his mind to be a painterBMy elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me growinto an adult after our father died when I was six. For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once whenI returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, Steve took time to ask me what had happened. When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs. Holt's basementconfesswindow, Steve encouraged me toto it. After all, I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property (财产) is a sacred thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth­grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else. I returned the pento my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and she praised me. Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve, I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark？” I didn't know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm，“ The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time. ”I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.5．What does the underlined word “confess” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Cover. B．Admit.C．Deny. D．Agree.6．How did the author feel when he faced Mrs. Holt?A．He was unwilling.B．He felt frightened.C．He appeared challenging.D．He was light­hearted.7．Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother?A．Care for the property of others.B．The value of honesty.C．Responsibility for one's actions.D．Respect for living things.8．What technique does the author mainly use to organize the text?A．Time order. B．Cause and effect.C．Examples. D．Logical reasoning.CI first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of ButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened totheir agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and TheStingfour years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you shouldput something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the didn't see each other all that regularly，festival.Paul and Ibut sharingbroughtthat us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He andI both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationshipthat didn't need a lot of words.9．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A．Paul Newman wanted it.B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.C．He wasn't famous enough.D．The director recommended someone else.10．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A．They were of the same age.B．They worked in the same theater.C．They were both good actors.D．They had similar characteristics.11．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Their belief.B．Their care for children.C．Their success.D．Their support for each other.12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To show his love of films.B．To remember a friend.C．To introduce a new movie.D．To share his acting experience.DMinutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75­year history.This time，however，the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for thebuilding's end. The film classic TheLastPictureShow was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary­eyed audience wanting to say good­bye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible forthe Plaza to compete.He added that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of t own，”he said.“Now the area is mostlyoffice buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turningthe old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to alocal development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land wherethe theater is located. The theater audience said good­bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater willbe missed.13．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?A．It made room for new equipment.B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.C．It was done with the help of the audience.D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.14．Why was TheLastPictureShow put on?A．It was an all­time classic.B．It was about the history of the town.C．The audience requested it.D．The theater owner found it suitable.15．What will probably happen to the building?A．It will be repaired.B．It will be turned into a museum.C．It will be knocked down.D．It will be sold to the city government.16．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.EAt least once each winter I manage to get a good flight in the middle of a snowstorm. Last Sunday was that flight. My gliding(滑翔的) partners had looked at the weather reports of showers and decided to stay at home. People say that you shouldn't fly by yourself, but on that day I felt the urge to go flying and so headedfor my favorite gliding site.I had the mountain ridge to myself. After a smooth lift­off, I floated stablyin the breeze, feeling at peace with myself and the world. I looked across the valley to Bedford and a moment later saw the town disappear in a band of snow that wasmoving towards me. The breeze remained strong enough for flying and I knew that as long as the visibilitywas good, it was OK for me to stay in the air. The snow moved in and swirled around me. It was a light dry snow. The day was already very quiet but, somehow, the light snow made it even more silent. I felt like a snowflake. Two bald eagles joined me. They didn't pay me any attention and spent a few minutes flying around the ridge before disappearing. I flew through another band of snow. I had been flying for about 45 minutes when I next looked across the valley.I could see there were more bands of snow to come and the breeze was dying too. It was time to go home, get in a hot bath and warm up. I couldn't wait to tell my gliding partners that they had missed out on a perfect flight.17．Why did the author's gliding partners refuse to fly on that day?A．They preferred to fly alone.B．The weather did not permit.C．They did not like winter flights.D．The equipment was not adequate. 18．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “visibility” inParagraph 3?A．Weather. B．Skill.C．Possibility. D．View.19．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The bald eagle can cause damage to the author's flight.B．The author will land and go home after the snow stops.C．Brand of snow will be a great threat to the author's flight.D．The author will hesitate to share his experience with his partners.20．What could be the best title for the article?A．The First Flight AloneB．A Narrow­Escape FlightC．One Never­Again FlightD．An Impressive Winter Flight第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时10 阅读理解体裁解读(1)—记叙文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

课时2课标词汇(2)与介词(短语)和代词【课标词汇演练】Ⅰ.完成句子1．Whentheartmaster delivered thespeech, he mentioned thatyouhaveto________thefollowingfactorssuchasself-doubt, failure, loneliness, misunderstandingandeventhreat________youwantto haveaccessto achievement.当那个艺术大师发表演讲时，他提到：如果你想获得成就，你必须和以下因素抗争，例如，不自信、失败、孤独，误解，甚至是威胁。

2．________bythejournalists, theminister assured thepublicthatallthe products________wouldbelaunchedtothemarketandwould satisfy thegiantcompanies'need.当接受记者采访时，部长向公众保证展示的所有的产品都将投放市场，并满足大型公司的需求。

3．Noone opposed theproposalthatthestarbe________thedistinguishedscientist________thegreat co ntribution hemadetospaceresearch.没人反对这个提议——以这个杰出科学家的名字命名这颗星星，以纪念他为太空研究做的巨大贡献。

4．The rumour spreadthattheticketsalesinthat suburban theatrewas indecline________wonderfulpe rformances; ________，manyperformingcompanies withdrew theiroffers.有谣言说：由于没有精彩的表演，那个位于郊区的剧院票房销售正在下降，因此，许多表演公司都收回了他们的出价。

综合模拟预测卷(三)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．On which day will the man leave the hotel?A．Tuesday. B．Wednesday. C．Thursday.2．What is the man doing now?A．Waiting for the bill. B．Having dinner.C．Ordering food.3．How does the man like Mr. Brooklyn's speech?A．Easy. B．Inspiring. C．Confusing.4．How will the woman get to the airport?A．By car. B．By taxi. C．By bus.5．When will the man go to the teacher's office?A．At 12：00. B．At 12：30. C．At 13：00.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．Where does the conversation take place?A．In a restaurant. B．In a bookshop. C．On a plane.7．Why would the man's wife like a seat by the window?A．Because she loves fresh air.B．Because it's the non­smoking area.C．Because she likes to see the night view.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

综合模拟预测卷(五)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What is the weather like today?A．Windy. B．Sunny. C．Rainy.2．What has the man just finished doing?A．Talking with Tom.B．Making a phone call.C．Answering the phone.3．When will Linda probably hear from her family?A．Tomorrow.B．Next week.C．The day after tomorrow.4．Who is the woman probably speaking to?A．A post office clerk.B．A bus conductor.C．A railway porter.5．Where should the woman take Bus No.1?A．Near the railway station.B．From where she is standing.C．On the other side of the street.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．How does Susan find her job?A．Rewarding. B．Interesting. C．Relaxing.7．What is the most important to Susan?A．Income. B．Holidays. C．Working hours.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)—应用文【体裁解读】应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、等。

近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。

1．应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。

2．就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。

3．应用文的行文方式，每种文体都有其固定的格式。

叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处：说明性应用文的行文是排列式——即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。

4．高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。

设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。

例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage?体裁演练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ)Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center's StoreDon't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.◆Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body？Our c afé offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options，in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at theInformation Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry­based science education to classro oms and community events all over Washington State.It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A．In Building 1.B．In Building 3.C．At the Laser Dome.D．At the Denny Way entrance.2．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A．Train science teachers.B．Distribute science books.C．Inspire scientific research.D．Take science to the classroom.3．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A．To encourage donations.B．To advertise coming events.C．To introduce special exhibits.D．To tell about the Center's history.【能力提升】AIn the coming months，we are bringing together artists from all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of China's first visit to the UK.The company's productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeare's RichardⅢ will be directed by the National's Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time：Saturday 28 April,2.30pm & Sunday 29 April，1.30pm &6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia，the Marjanishvili，founded in 1928，appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time：Friday 18 May,2.30pm & Saturday 19 May,7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language (BSL)By translating the rich and humorous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL，Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time：Tuesday 22 May,2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew­language theatreworld­wide.Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.Since 1958，they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time：Monday 28 May,7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm1．Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A．RichardⅢ. B．Love's Labour's Lost.C．As You Like It. D．The Merchant of Venice.2．What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?A．It has two groups of actors.B．It is the leading theatre in London.C．It performs plays in BSL.D．It is good at producing comedies.3．When can you see a play in Hebrew?A．On Saturday 28 April. B．On Sunday 29 April.C．On Tuesday 22 May. D．On Tuesday 29 May.BSan Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning：February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included inticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(时长)：2 hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning：August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration：2 hoursPrice：$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning：October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidiodistrict.Authentic fire gear (服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.4．Which of the tours is available in March?A．San Francisco Winery Tour.B．Back to the Fifties Tour.C．Spooky Halloween Tour.D．Holiday Lights Tour.5．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?A．Go to Treasure Island.B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.C．Have free ice cream.D．Visit the Presidio district.6．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?A．Take some drinks.B．Set off early in the morning.C．Wear warm clothes.D．Make reservations in advance.CTerrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23­gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279,000.And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.7．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition.B．The advantages of flying cars.C．The potential market for flying cars.D．The designers of the Transition.8．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams. B．It is difficult to operate.C．It is very expensive. D．It burns too much fuel.9．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.10．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto ShowB．The Transition's First FlightC．Pilots' Dream Coming TrueD．Flying Car Closer to RealityDA Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm.It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, a nd drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on writtenwork, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the sign­up sheet outside the door two 30­minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm.Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1.11．What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A．Do homework and watch TVB．Buy drinks and enjoy concertsC．have meals and meet with friendsD．Add money to your ID and play chess12．Where and when can you cook your own food?A．The McMillan Hall, Sunday.B．The Lower Café， Sunday.C．The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.D．The Globe, Friday.13．The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________.A．is open six days a weekB．gives advice on mental healthC．trains students in medical careD．offers services free of charge14．How can you seek help from the Writing Center?A．By filling in a sign­up formB．By applying onlineC．By calling the centerD．By going to the center directlyETaking a trip to Philadelphia can be rewarding experience or absolute disasters－it all depends on pre­trip homework. To make planning easier, Huffington Post Travel Series recommends attractions for those planning Philadelphia family vacations.The Philadelphia Museum of ArtLocated on 26th Street and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, the Philadelphia Museum of Art features more than 225, 000 pieces in its vast collection, dating back to the first century A．D. Guests can discover modern art exhibits, clothing collections gathered throughout time andclassic posters. Audio tours are also available.Price: adults, $ 16; children 12 to 17, $ 12; children 11 and under, free.The Please Touch MuseumThe Please Touch Museum on 4231 Avenue of the Republic offers kids the chance to explore, discover and learn in a fun environment. The museum features six interactive zones where kids and parents are encouraged to play and learn about science, the environment and more. Exhibits include Flight Fantasy, where kids learn about flying machines, and River Adventures, which teaches kids about science, nature and weather.Price: adults, $15; children under the age of 1, freeThe Philadelphia ZooThe Philadelphia Zoo sits on a 42­acre Victorian garden. The zoo features 1,300 animals, including a number of rare and endangered species. While visiting the zoo families can see big cats, zebras, giraffes, endangered turtle species and penguins. The zoo also includes rides for kids, such as a Rainforest Carousel and Camel Safari.Price: Adults, $18; children 2 to 12, $15; children younger than 2, free.The Franklin InstituteThe Franklin Institute is Philadelphia's major science museum, and one of the oldest in the United States. The museum offers guests the chance to experience flight simulator(模拟器)and sky bikes. The first floor offers a large Kid Science exhibit, where children discover science through a fictional journey. The second floor features air shows.Price: Adults, $12; children 4 to 11, $12.15．One of the features of the Philadelphia Museum of Art is that ________.A．visitors have access to River AdventuresB．visitors can learn about exhibits using pre­recorded voice introductionsC．it has the cheapest admission fees for adultsD．it offers kids tour rides to see more endangered animals16．The Please Touch Museum differs from the others mainly because ________.A．it boasts a number of rare and endangered speciesB．it has a large collection of clothingC．it combines learning with pleasureD．it includes a large kid science exhibit17．Teenagers interested in aircraft will most likely to visit both ________.A．the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Please Touch MuseumB．the Please Touch Museum and the Franklin InstituteC．the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Franklin InstituteD．the Philadelphia Zoo and the Please Touch Museum18．Which group does the Travel Series mainly target?A. Families with kidsB. Newly­married couplesC. Individual visitorsD. Museum lovers课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)—应用文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文——太平洋科学中心旅行指南。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carer s will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D. POT.22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.BMany of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels fro m British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ＂ice cream＂. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zxxkIf you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a＂soft-serve＂creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is ＂a juicer＂in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, ＂the proportion(比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.＂The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.zxxkThe most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports ＂children are reading a lot less for fun＂?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.DWe’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂he says.zxxk32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（推理判断）含答案阅读理解----推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题形式：1．细节推断题(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2)The author strongly suggests that .(3)The writer implies but not directly states that .(4)The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题(1)The passage would most likely be found in .(2)In which of the following publications would this passage most likely come from?(3)Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?3．写作意图类推断题(1)What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage?(2)The purpose of the passage is to get people to .(3)The writer writes the last paragraph in order to .4．态度倾向类推断题(1)The attitude of the author towards...is .(2)What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?(3)What does the author think about...?1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

18版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分专题复习巧点拨专题2阅读理解体裁体裁3 说明文Ⅱ.对点训练AReading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books youread.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back tothe“real”and not the virtual(虚拟)．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网站帮助喜爱读书的人们互相交流和传递图书的内容。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校课时13 阅读理解体裁解读(4)—科普小品文【体裁解读】科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力，阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息，学会展开科技活动。

科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式，偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品，会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。

在科技篇章中，由于科学的严谨性，语句通常都比较严谨，表述直接明确，与其他类型篇章相比，被动语态、非谓语动词形式、形式主语结构使用相对较多，动词时态变化、比喻夸张等修辞形式使用相对较少，有时会有很多专业词语和语句形式，有些常用词可能用于表达专业意义。

科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。

对科技篇章，同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。

科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。

科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，考生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到)，作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。

体裁演练California Condor's Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condorCalifornia condors are North America's largest birds, withwing­length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning (铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred (繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don't see the power lines，” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the trainingwas introduced, 66% of setfree birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney (肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now，” he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1．California condors attract researchers' interest because they ________.A．are active at nightB．had to be bred in the wild C．are found only in CaliforniaD．almost died out in the 1980s2．Researchers have found electrical lines are ________. A．blocking condors' journey homeB．big killers of California condorsC．rest places for condors at nightD．used to keep condors away3．According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning ________. A．makes condors too nervous to flyB．has little effect on condors' kidneysC．can hardly be gotten rid of from condors' blood D．makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds 4．This passage shows that ________.A．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B．Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineering C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D．researchers have found the final answers to the problem 【能力提升】ABack in 1969, it was the Apollo 11 crew who flew to the moon in a spaceship.When U．S.astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped foot on the moon, they were the first.Meanwhile, their fellow astronaut Michael Collins circled the moon in their spaceship, named Columbia.When Armstrong and Aldrin were done with their walk，they returned to the command module, and back to Earth.That part of the spaceship is on view at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington，D.C.But, if you cannot get to Washington, soon you will be able to see Columbia on your computer or your smartphone.Digital scientists are scanning the inside of Columbia. They are creating an online model, in three dimensions, or“3D”. By looking at these photographs, you will be able to see outer space, the way the astronauts did. It will be like sitting in their seats.Want your very own Columbia？You will be able to print a 3D copy of Columbia.Experts say anyone can make a li fe­sized model.But they expect most people to make smaller models of the 320×400 cm(11*×13*)command module.Scientists are using special 3D technology to scan the inside.They use cameras on long arms to take the photographs.The thousands of photographs taken will be combined with 50 laser scans.What would it be like to sit inside Columbia and take a look around？All the images will be loaded into software that allows you to look around the module on a computer screen.The user will be able to see the Columbia both inside and out.The Smithsonian says that the 3D technology gives the user ways to see things they cannot see at the museum.And it will give information that even the museum curators(馆长)have not seen before.“With the command Module, no one has been inside since it came into the collection，” says Adam Metallo, Smithsonian 3D imaging specialist. “Now the information we capture can give anyone in the world a view of what it looks like inside this incredible piece of history.”1．The author mentions moon landing of the Apollo 11 to ________.A．introduce the topicB．honour the astronautsC．mark the milestone eventD．draw attention to space research2．According to the text, people ________.A．are advised to make a life­sized modelB．can clone a Columbia with 3D technologyC．will visit a copy of Columbia in the museumD．can buy a copied Columbia in the museum3．What's the advantage of a copied Columbia?A．It can attract more visitors.B．It can help look far into the universe.C．It makes 3D technology more popular.D．It provides more knowledge than the museum.4．What might be the best title for the text?A．Columbia lands in your smartphoneB．3D technology, the new way to explore spaceC．Landing on the moon, a milestone in space travelD．An online model shows you how to land on the moonBDan Bebber is a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says research has shown that wild plants and animals are moving toward Earth’s North and South poles as the planet warms.Mr. Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms (微生物) that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records came from CABI － the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago.Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms －from viruses and bacteria to insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been moving toward the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger.“As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potent ially the environment for them becomes more amenable at higher altitudes, the pressure on the breadbasket of the world is going to increase.”Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specialises in the study of insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species.“It means that species in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America.”Another entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the research is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it.5．The purpose of Dan Bebber's research was to find ________.A．if farmland could be moved to colder places thanks to global warmingB．if diseases and insects harmful to crops were going towards colder areasC．if organisms were moving to the north and south polesD．if the number of crop pests was increasing6．According to Dan Bebber, if crop pests keep moving towards the poles, ________.A．it will be hard for farmers to kill themB．the most productive farmland will produce more cropsC．the earth will not produce enough food to support the worldD．the conditions for some crops may be improved7．Which of the following is not a threat that farmers have to face?A．Climate change makes crop pests to adapt to a new environment.B．Foreign species are brought in by trade.C．Invasive species doing well in warmer places might do well in America.D．The impacts of the climate and species changes on crops are not easy to determine.CWolves are in the news these days, especially with the controversial Alaskan_Wolf_Hunting_Festival being a focus of public attention. Since these animals are getting more attention in the outer world, they may be more likely to show up in your_inner_world and may take on many forms and have many meanings.Wolves live in a pack(狼群)and they have a leader, a guide who is responsible for directing the pack and keeping it safe. If a wolf appears in your dream and you have a positive relationship with the wolf, it may suggest your own leadership abilities. Wolves in dreams may also mean the need for trusting your own internal leader－the soft howl from the bottom of your own heart.While wolves certainly do howl, it is till unknown why they howl at the moon. The wolf's howl is actually a form of communication. Wolvesmay howl as a form of making friends, or as a warning, or to indicate that they are lonely or need help. Is your dream wolf howling? If so, what emotions exist in the dream? Do you feel lost and in need of guidance, do you feel like you've lost your “pack”？ Do you feel the need to let others know they are crossing your land? Or are you simply filled with a sense of joy that can only be expressed in a howl?Wolves can be experienced hunters, and often appear in folk stories as something harmless when in fact it is there to do great harm. Are there any wolves in sheep's clothing in your life? Often we have intuition(直觉)about people or situations, feelings that these people or situations should be avoided, but we ignore them based on their harmless outer appearance. Wolves in dreams could be signs that there are hidden dangers in your life. Never ignore your intuition because it doesn't make any sense. Your intuition exists to guide and protect you and it can discover a wolf long before it removes its woolen suit.8．Why does the author mention “Alaskan Wolf Hunting Festival” in the first paragraph?A．To support the main idea of the text.B．To introduce the topic of the passage.C．To show his pity for the wolves.D．To prove wolves are getting more attention.9．What does “your inner world” refer to in the first paragraph?A．Personalities. B．Feelings.C．Thoughts. D．Dreams.10．According to the text, wolves howl for the following reasons EXCEPT ________.A．to be friendly with other wolvesB．to ask for helpC．to share how they feelD．to admire the moon11．The passage is mainly about ________.A．wolves and their behaviorsB．explanations of people's dreamsC．different types of wolvesD．hidden dangers in our dreamsDAmericans spend more than $20 billion a year on supplements in the hope of preventing cancer, heart disease and dementia. But the latestresearch shows they provide no benefit—and they may even be dangerous to our health.The researchers involved in the studies say they're concerned that people are spending too much money on pills that bring no benefit, and in some cases may even be harmful. What's more, they even imply that companies are selling what is fueling false health anxieties to offer unnecessary cures.Enough is EnoughTo reach these conclusions, an international team of researchers conducted three different studies. The first was a study that looked at the consumption of a daily multivitamin to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer in more than 450, 000 participants. These pills had no obvious effect on death. The second study looked into the effects of a daily multivitamin after a heart attack in about 1, 700 men and women over an average of five years. No advantage could be found. The third study looked into the use of a multivitamin to prevent dementia in nearly 6, 000 men aged 65 or older. Again, nothing.“These vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough，” concluded the experts.Dangerous to Your HealthIf that wasn't bad enough, the researchers also found that vitamin E, when taken in a high dose, could be harmful. And shockingly, smokers who took beta­carotene were at an increased risk of developing cancer. The researchers also said vitamin B is ineffective in preventing chronic diseases.Instead of taking in vitamins and minerals, the experts recommended that people should eat more fruit and vegetables, reduce trans fats and salt, reduce calories, and increase physical activities.12．What is the best title for the passage?A．Vitamins and minerals are “a waste of money”．B．Americans suffer from cancer and heart disease.C．Vitamins and minerals are rich in vegetables.D．Americans dislike eating fruit and vegetables.13．What do the first two paragraphs imply?A．People know that they have been cheated.B．People should really stop taking these pills.C．All the health anxieties result from pills.D．The government should punish the companies.14．What did the researchers do in their studies?A．They all took in a daily multivitamin.B．They tried to cure many people with cancer.C．They followed 6,000 people with dementia.D．They tracked l,700 people with heart problems.15．The author mentioned vitamin E in the passage ________.A．to show vitamin E only does harm to healthB．to prove taking in a high dose of vitamin E is dangerousC．to suggest readers should give up vitamin ED．to warn the smokers against vitamin E forever16．Where would you probably read the passage?A．In a storybook. B．On a poster.C．In a health care book. D．In a textbook.EThe behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero­carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own —though extremely important － is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，’explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’ In other words，old habit s die hard, even in the best­designed eco­home.Another part of the problem is information. Households andbill­payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy­use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieveup to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.17．As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________.A．zero­carbon homesB．the behaviour of building usersC．sustainable building designD．the reduction of carbon emissions18．The underlined word“which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________.”A．the ways B．their homesC．developments D．existing efforts19．What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?A．The importance of changing building users' habits. B．The necessity of making a careful building design. C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 20．The information gap in energy use ________.A．can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB．affects the study on energy monitorsC．brings about problems for smart metersD．will be caused by building users' old habits课时13 阅读理解体裁解读(4)—科普小品文【体裁演练】加利福尼亚州的秃鹫因为各种原因濒临灭绝，但在科研人员的帮助下，秃鹫的种群逐渐恢复生机。