高三英语二轮复习第二板块题型四阅读七选五专练一(新)

（考试时间：AGenerations of creators have improved our lives with everything that touches off our imagination.Here are some of the brilliant inventors.Ellen Swallow Richards(1842—1911)After earning a bachelor’s degree from Vassar College in1870,Richards was accepted as a“special student”at all-male MIT,becoming the first woman in the United States to attend a science school.She conducted a huge survey of water quality in Massachusetts,an effort that led to the first state water-quality standards in US.Gregor Mendel(1822—1884)In the mid-1800s,he experimented with pea plants to determine how physical features pass from one generation to the next.The experiments established the basic rules needed to cross-breed(杂交繁殖)plants to create a new variety with desired characteristics.Ray Kroc(1902—1984)As the founder of McDonald’s restaurants,Kroc changed the way Americans eat.In1954,Kroc was selling industrial mixers and visited the California restaurant of two of his best customers,Maurice and Richard McDonald. Kroc was impressed by the methods the brothers used to make their hamburgers,cheeseburgers,French fries,and milkshakes.Kroc,an Illinois native,talked the McDonalds into allowing him to create a group of drive-in hamburger restaurants using their methods and name.The first of his restaurants opened in Des Plaines,Illinois,on April15, 1955.Jane Jacobs(1916—2006)Jacobs was not a formally trained urban planner and didn’t have a college degree,but her intelligent views on community planning changed the way Americans thought about cities.In her1961book,Death and Life of Great American Cities,Jacobs advocated human-friendly neighborhoods featuring short city blocks and mixed-use buildings that encouraged resident interaction.She also strongly opposed high-rise developments and expressways that cut through neighborhoods.1．What did Gregor Mendel do?A．He found a new fast food making method.B．He discovered the basic cross-breeding laws.C．He established the water-quality standards in US.D．He helped to plan human-friendly neighborhoods.2．Who is the founder of McDonald’s restaurants?A．Ray Kroc.B．Jane Jacobs.C．Richard McDonald.D．Maurice McDonald.3．When did Jane Jacobs publish Death and Life of Great American Cities?A．In2006.B．In1984.C．In1961.D．In1916.【答案】1．B2．A3．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

位敦市安定阳光实验学校阅读七选五专练(二) A(2016·五中高三阶段性检测) Usually summer break provides teens with an opportunity to get away from the boring life of going to school, to visit friends and have fun with them, and to make a little extra money. The summer job market for teens can be highly competitive. Half­heartedly (不认真地) looking for a job is the quickest way to get turned down over and over. __1____2__ Look at the skills required for each. Then compare these skills with those you already have. The closer they match, the more likely you will enjoy your summer job while building a good reference for future jobs.Understanding why you want to work will also help you determine where to apply. Do you want to earn extra money for something special, or do you need the job to make ends meet? __3__ These are just a few of the questions you need to answer before starting your job search.When you're searching for a summer job, look for help beyond the wanted signs. __4__ And even if a business doesn't have a sign or advertisement indicating that they are looking for help, stop by and ask a manager. You might fill in an application anyway, which could lead to a position in the future.__5__ Ice cream shops, restaurants, grocery stores and movie theaters commonly hire students. You might take a job that has less desirable hours or that you don't necessarily enjoy. However, summer jobs don't last forever. You can still build your skills and experience while making money.A．Here are some tips on finding summer jobs.B．Take time to think about the types of jobs that are suitable for you.C．Be flexible and creative when you're looking for a summer job.D．If you are poor in math, you probably would lose your job.E．Let your family, neighbors and teachers know that you're looking for a job.F．A good attitude towards work sometimes can make up for lack of skills.G．Are you looking for a job where your friends work, so you can be with them?B(2016·十三校高三第二次)How to Be a Pleasant PersonEach of us would love to be appreciated for the positive emotions that are exhibited around our surroundings. __1__ The following steps will help you to be a pleasant person.Be modest. Understand that we all are humans. You might be rich or poor, black or white, short or tall, etc. But above all we are all humans, which means we are all emotional beings. So treat others the way you would like to be treated.__2__ Be it offering a seat to an elderly person or throwing the football back to the young child, the inner self­satisfaction you get by doing so is priceless. Once you do so, you will feel good about yourself.Don't regret. We all are reasonable beings and it is very human to do unreasonable things at times. However, it does not mean that we should regret what we did in the past. Every experience is a learning which teaches you what to do and what not to do in future. __3__Forgive and forget.Always living in the past will only make one painful on the inside, which will reflect on the outside. __4__ By doing so, your heart becomes light.Be grateful.Thank God and the Universe for yourself, your parents, your friends, your clothes, jobs, food, home etc. and every small thing that makes a difference. __5__It will make you appreciate life.A．Encourage others and yourself.B．So be proud that you have learnt a lesson on your own.C．Lend a helping hand with a smile.D．If possible, express your gratefulness for something every day.E．Little do we know that it is not a hard task at all.F．To have a pleasant emotion around you, it is better to let go.G．Throw flowers at others if you wish flowers to be thrown at you.C(2016·高中级教学质量检测一)Eyes can speakMuch meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.__1__ In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __2__ Eyes do speak, right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __3__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her.However, when two people are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener's eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking. __4__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. __5__ Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations.A．On the contrary, it will give him away.B．Do you have such kind of experience?C．That's what normal eye contact is all about.D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.D(2016·高三双基测试) Are you headed for college soon? __1__Here are some tips every college student should know.Budget! Budget! Budget!Learn to manage your money wisely. Know how much you can spend at most ahead of time with respect to money. If required, start keeping a record of all the money you save and spend.Stop spending on things you don't need. __2__Try taking things from library or rent them. It will save a lot of money and effort.People always talk. You have to learn to ignore them!It's very important to have a social life. You create memories and go through various experiences with people you meet in college. At the same time, don't get bothered by unnecessary comments. Some people tendto take them to heart.__3__Make sure that you know your limits when it comes to having a social life.Confused about a major?__4__Don't worry. You can change it. For instance, some engineering colleges allow this change after a year of study. In the first year, you should take your time to explore and think carefully about the possibilities and then make a decision regarding the department you want to major in. Take different classes to discover new areas of interests. You might surprise yourself.Set goals!College is where the most mind­opening learning of your life will happen. It is important to set clear goals for each class you wish to take. Try to take at least one extra class per term. __5__ A．It would be smart to avoid that.B．Time management is of great importance.C．Others work against their college authorities.D．At the same time, don't overburden yourself.E．Buy your books and supplies only if necessary.F．Or are you already in college and still worried a lot?G．Still not sure if you want to continue in the same major?阅读七选五专练(二)A语篇解读：本文是一篇用文，主要就暑假如何找到临时工作给出了一些温馨提示。

专题二 阅读七选五阅读七选五题型主要考查考生对语篇的整体内容和结构以及上下文行文逻辑的理解和掌握。

该题型的命题形式是一篇300词左右的短文，在短文中去除5处信息，并提供7个备选选项，要求考生从7个选项中选出5个合适的选项对应地填回原文5处空缺处。

年份 卷别 体裁 话题设空位置段首 段中 段尾 小标题2023 新高考Ⅰ卷说明文 自我宽恕 0 4 1 0 新高考Ⅱ卷说明文 有关开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 0 全国甲卷说明文 有关变得耐心的方法 0 3 1 1 全国乙卷说明文 室内植物 0 3 2 0 2022 新高考Ⅰ卷说明文 一起锻炼的伙伴 0 4 1 0 新高考Ⅱ卷说明文 写文章的技巧 1 4 0 0 全国甲卷说明文 外出就餐 1 3 1 0 全国乙卷应用文 维系异地友谊的方法 2 1 1 1 2021 新高考Ⅰ卷说明文 法国人对待生活的态度 1 4 0 0 全国甲卷说明文 衣物交换 1 4 0 0 全国乙卷说明文 晚宴 2 2 1 0体裁题材 语篇体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文。

题材多是贴近考生生活、时代性强的当代社会生活以及文化科技等方面的内容。

语篇特点 语篇趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但大都结构清晰，基本都是总—分结构。

设空特点及趋势根据设空位置，阅读七选五的选项主要有三种情况：段首、段中和段尾。

根据设空句在语篇中的功能可分为：主旨概括句、过渡句、注释句。

能力要求该题型主要考查考生的两大能力：1．把握整篇整体结构和提炼语篇主旨大意的能力；2．把握微观信息之间关联性及逻辑性的能力。

解题步骤:速读全文掌握大意→根据设空位置找出与前后文之间的词汇方面的联系→思考与前后文行文逻辑关系→分析选项特征判断其归位。

第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小选项排查范围。

因为段首、段尾题要么是主题句或者总结句，要么就是承上启下句，语言特征较为鲜明，且题目相对简单，较易判定。

做题时，先将这类题目的选项确定，既可缩小排查范围，又可使原文信息更加明了。

专题模拟训练(阅读七选五)阅读七选五(一)A(2022·广西南宁市高中毕业班二模)Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history.Across the globe, cultural heritage (遗产) is passed down through the generations.Yet we fight a never ending and very expensive war to preserve it for the future.And today, it is under attack as never before.Technology is often seen as something that destroys the past. 1 .Creating copies via 2D images is extremely laborious and timeconsuming.AI technologies are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing lots of images to be crossreferenced and stored in a matter of hours. 2 .AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods.Airborne technology(机载技术) is being increasingly used in the fight to preserve our cultural heritage. 3 .LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has already been used to reveal over 60，000 Mayan structures that were lying undiscovered in the jungles of Guatamala, without needing a single boot on the ground.Drones (无人机) are also being used to excellent effect, documenting and monitoring huge areas and removing the need for all that costly manpower.Human interaction with the most important sites and architecture is doing a great deal of harm.Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the ing years. 4 , VR technology will gradually bee the way that people experience them.Weʼll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.5 .Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will need to be pooled ing the technical expertness of specialist organizations will bee ever more important to sustainably promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.A．It is being used to save and find itB．Technology has shaped conflict in several waysC．But it is now the most essential weapon in the battleD．Our cultural heritage will be protected via technologyE．This will enable even more accurate and better copies to be createdF．As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded G．When it measures distances by hitting a target and analyzing the reflected light【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

阅读七选五专练(一)A(2021·兰州市高三诊断考试)People need homes: children assume their parents' place as home; boarders call school “home〞on weekdays; married couples work together to build new homes; and travelers ... have no place to call “home〞，at least for a few nights.__1__？Don't they have the right to a home Of course they do.Some regular travelers take their own belongings: like bed sheets, pillowcases and family photos to make them feel like home no matter where they are; some stay for long periods in the same hotel and as a result become very familiar with service and attendants; others may simply put some flowers by the hotel window to make things more homely. __2__！And how about maintaining relationships while in transit __3__；some send letters and postcards, or even photos; others may just call and say hi, just to let their friends know that they're still alive and well. __4__. Making friends on the way helps travelers feel more or less at home. Backpackers in youth hostels may become very good friends,even closer than siblings.Nowadays, fewer people are working in their local towns, so how do they develop a sense of belonging __5__.Wherever we are, with just a little bit of effort and imagination, we can make the place we stay “home〞.A．Home is the harbor for travelersB．People find ways to keep in touchC．Do all people have a comfortable homeD．Some keep contact with their friends via InternetE．So how about people who have to travel for extended periods of timeF．Whenever we step out of our local boundaries, there is always another “home〞waiting to be foundG．Furthermore, driving a camping car during one's travels and sleeping in the vehicle at night is just like home —only mobileB(2021·银川一中高三第一次模拟考试)High school can be quite the stressful time for any student. There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure can be more intense as you enter your senior year. __1__ The answer is as follows.__2__ Adjust your approach to your specific situation. For instance, if you're active in your community and your school and have a large family, you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily basis. __3__ You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you.__4__ If your stress persists and you can't figure out a way to handle it, you may want to try speaking to your school counselor (参谋). If you don't feel comfortable speaking to your counselor, try getting some other types of counseling.Realize your limits, and plan around them. Don't take on more than you can handle. If you take on too many things, you will be spread too thin and won't be able to perform at your best in anything. __5__ You will definitely feel more at ease!A．Seek professional counseling.B．Why does the stress come into beingC．Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress.D．When you feel relieved, you can have a happier life.E．Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handle such stress.F．But how on earth can you reduce some of the stress G．Evaluate what tasks and activities are most important and leave others behind.C(2021·辽宁省东北育才学校高三第五次模拟考试)True friends are rare to come by these days. Even if you believe you've connected with someone, __1__？And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.A true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. Through good times and bad times, __2__. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.Trust is another important aspect. A true friend will keep your secrets. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you know you can talk things over with, __3__.Friendship is a two­way street though. To find true friends and keep them, __4__. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someoneyour friends can depend on as well and offer them the same things they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort in. If you are the only one making an effort, be honest.There will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers, __5__. St.Thomas Aquinas said, “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship〞and it holds true.A．they will stand by youB．How often does he let you downC．as if they could offer you great helpD．you must in turn be the same as wellE．it will be stronger and better than everF．how do you really know he is a true friendG．even if they may not have advice to share with youD(2021·吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟考试)Every person has a great deal of love to give. __1__ Here is a general guide to loving.Say it. When you say the words “I love you〞，make sure you really mean it and are willing to do anything for that special person.__2__ If you love someone, you should understand how they feel, where they come from, and who they are. Realize how they could also love you back just as well.Love unconditionally. Giving unconditional love requires you to love without any expectations. __3__ It seems difficult to only love and not demand anything in return in today's world where everyone is selfish. But even in the world we see many examples of unconditional love, for example the love a mother gives to her child and the love between two life partners. To love unconditionally, you will have to learn to sacrifice (牺牲) yourself and your desires and also realize that someone may have a different way of showing his and her love for you. __4__Realize it can be lost. If you realize you can lose the one you love, then you have a greater appreciation of what you have. __5__ Don't make idol of the person you love. This will place them under unnecessary pressure and will likely result in you losing them. Never stop loving. Even if you have been hurt before. You should not stop giving love.A．Try loving just for the sake of love.B．Put yourself in someone else's shoes.C．There are many different ways to explain love.D．Think how lucky you are to have someone to love.E．Do not expect to be loved back in exactly the same way.F．It doesn't make you a bad person to desire someone else's love.G．There are many different ways to love someone (or even yourself)．阅读七选五专练(一)A语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，阐述了怎样让旅行者找到一种归属感。

七选五专题卷(一)(每篇10分钟)A(2020·山东青岛高三二模) In springtime,many Americans take on a major project: cleaning their homes from top to bottom.We often call this kind of work “spring cleaning”. Part of spring cleaning often involves clearing out clutter (杂物).We do away with things we no longer need.If we are to believe the many stories on Marie Kondo,the Queen of Clean,clutter adds unnecessary stress to our lives.Clutter is holding us back from our dreams and goals.1.An expert on the subject,Sabine Kastner of Princeton University,has been studying how the brain processes clutter for 20 years.The media,Kastner says,often writes about clutter in a very simple,black-and-white way: Clutter affects the mind and we need to clear it out.But it is much more complex than that.For starters,our brains are designed to deal with clutter.Very early in the development of our eyesight,we begin to group objects that we see.2.According to Kastner,there is not a one-size-fits-all solution.3. In fact,some people need to see their work.If something is carefully put away,to them it does not exist anymore.Out of sight,out of mind.For other people,objects can stimulate their creativity and give them ideas.4. Kastner notes that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them.These people may need more organization and less clutter to work well.5. Whether the area is cluttered or clear—they work the same.And for others it may depend on the project.For administrative work,they might need a clear workspace.But for more creative projects,they may need many things around them.It is complex.A.But is it true?B.What is working and what is not?C.Some people do not care either way.D.This helps us to structure our environment.E.People need to be able to design their workplaces.F.The idea that an uncluttered workplace is better,is not universally true.G.However,other people are unable to work in a cluttered environment.语篇解读:主题语境——人与自我话题——杂乱的影响本文为议论文,一项研究表明,杂乱的工作环境对人的影响因人而异,并非所有的杂乱都是坏事。

[全国卷3年考情分析][命题者说]阅读七选五不但要求学生扎实地掌握词汇和句子、语段和语篇等方面的知识，而且要求学生具备综合分析和辩证的逻辑思维能力，这是实现学生对阅读材料深层理解的基础性能力。

这种题型的语篇主线通常都很清晰，通常都是具有明确的逻辑关系的议论文或说明文。

该题型中设有五个空，而对应的选项有七个，其中有两个选项为干扰性错误选项。

这七个选项通常包括主旨句、过渡性句子、细节注释性句子三类。

主旨句主要以标题类和主题句为主，过渡性句子通常涉及文章结构，细节注释性句子主要涉及上下文逻辑意义。

因此学生需要根据文章结构、内容选出正确的选项填入相应的空白处。

新课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的阅读学习的教学理念在本题型中得以充分体现，学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握也得到了考查。

综合上表可知，段首题和段中题是考查重点，而段中题又以并列或递进关系和转折或让步关系居多，这就要求考生必须联系上下文去做题，仔细揣摩上下句之间的逻辑关系。

因此，在做阅读七选五时，考生可以从“位置”和“逻辑”两个角度来把握该题型的解题技巧。

下面我们就从这两个角度分两个方面来突破这一题型！掌握通性通法，内化快捷解题路径一、段首题1．空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句。

学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句，从而确定答案：有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。

一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。

[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)·__17__In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.B．Find the right motivation.[解析]本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。

阅读七选五(一)A(2023·吉林省白山市高三一模)The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification (沙漠化)． 1 The U．N．says up to 45 percent of Africa's land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent．Africa's Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometer-long forest across 11 of the continent's countries．The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change． 2 They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment．Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago． 3Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east． 4 It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air．5 They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent．For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest．The U．N．desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8．2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030．A．It has severe impacts on the environment．B．That is only 4 percent of the program's goal．C．However, it is difficult to carry out the project．D．But the project has been facing many problems．E．The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa．F．Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful．G．Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

专题模拟训练(阅读七选五)阅读七选五(一)A(2024·广东省广州市高三一模)How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.__1__ They can also be anything else thatʼs useful, such as information, advice or your own experience.It also means trusting your instincts, the ability youʼre born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges.A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong.Theyʼre thinking about how to solve the problem.__2__ When we learn to solve problems for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.__3__ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.When youʼre facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it.Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are.Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.__4__ Finally, review what has and hasnʼt worked, so youʼre equipped to deal with a situation next time.And remember, if you have a tricky problem that youʼre unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.__5__A．You also learn what youʼre good at.B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.E．Resourcefulness is a skill thatʼs good for you in lots of ways.F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.G．Weigh up whatʼs good and bad about each one and choose the best.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。