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高考英语句子成分知识讲解1.主语（subject）句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担任（请看下表）Professor Wang is a well－known scholar. （名词）I read newspaper every day. （代词）Three plus six is nine. （数词）To become a professor has been his ambition.（不定式）Smoking is harmful to health. （动名词）What we shall do next is not yet decided.（主语从句）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作和状态通常由动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词+主要动词）担任，其位置在主语之后（请看下表）His mother is a doctor. （系动词）He smiled. （不及物动词）We played basketball yesterday. （及物动词）China has entered a great new era. （助动词+主要动词）You mustn't drive after drinking. （情态动词+主要动词）Tips：动词分类：实义动词（及物动词+不及物动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词划重点正确的所有英文句子，永远一定有且只有一个主谓语成分，谓语一定永远存在。
因此，当分析长难句时，一定先要找到句子的主要谓语动词部分，再划分其他句子结构。
例：① She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.分析：句子主干：she found that...（found是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句：从句里面的谓语是did and were likely to...并列结构）翻译：她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1）主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，是全句叙述的对象，是句子要说明的人或事物，即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2）谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，常由动词担任，一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化，且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3）宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象，是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。
英语句子成分讲解知识英语句子成分讲解知识英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
以下是由小编整理关于英语句子成分讲解知识的.内容，希望大家喜欢!英语句子成分一：主语一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)英语句子成分二：谓语二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.英语句子成分三：表语表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.英语句子成分四：宾语1)动作的承受者——动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.。
高中英语高考冲刺语法专题2：数词、介词和介词短语【问题查找】Group1 数词一、单句语法填空1. To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a__________ (three).2. It’s reported that the United States uses __________ (two) as much energy as the whole of Europe every year.3. In the flood, about two million people were injured and ___________ (million) of houses fell into pieces.4. In the summer holiday following my ____________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.5. We can see ___________ (thousand) of stars at night if it is fine.二、翻译句子1.毕业晚会将于6月30日晚上19:30举行。
_________________________________________________________________2.投稿的截止日期为2024年2月1日。
_________________________________________________________________Group2 介词与介词短语一、单句语法填空1. Guangdong is __________the south of China, and it is __________ the north of Hainan.2. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry __________ a conversation with her.3. Students don’t go to school __________ Sundays.4. It is amazing that the little boy can swim ____________ the river measuring 100 meters wide.5. They encourage discussion with other students and help you develop your English __________ new and challenging ways.6. Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.7. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.8. This trend, which was started by the medical munity(医学界) __________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.9. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get adegree __________ engineering or architecture.10. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.11. Most of us are more focused __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.12. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __________ their hands.13. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled.14. Giant pandas also serve _____________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.15. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____________ earth, Mother Nature.二、完形填空真题节选I find a ____47(clean)____ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ____48(significant)____ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ____49____.The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t re aching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants.49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to【要点精讲】数词学习目标：能正确判定数词，掌握数词的用法并实际运用于语法填空和书面表达中步骤一：基数词与序数词的写法①基数词表数量。
二十五. 句子成分详析句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（一）主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词(单数可数名词,复数可数名词,物质名词,抽象名词,专有名词),代词(人称代词,名词性物主代词,指示代词,不定代词和疑问代词,但相互代词和反身代词不作主语),数词(基数,序数,分数,小数,百分数),定冠词加形容词(或现在分词,或过去分词,或姓氏复数),不定式(有或无逻辑主语，疑问词加不定式),动名词(有或无逻辑主语),从句等充当。
例如：A horse runs much faster than a cow. （单数可数名词）Trees usually turn green in spring.（复数可数名词）Wood burns easily in dry weather.（物质名词）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（抽象名词）The Great Wall has a long history.（专有名词）We often speak English in class.（人称代词）Tom’s house is here, while mine is over there.（名词性物主代词）Those who will go home today please call me later.（指示代词）Something strange happened after he left.（不定代词）Who is there?（疑问代词）One thousand is a great number.（基数词）The first is the boy from Canada.（序数词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（分数）Five point three is the reading on the thermometer.（小数）Twenty-five percent of the students have arrived.（百分数）The rich should help the poor.（定冠词加形容词）The wounded are taken good care of at the hospital.（定冠词加过去分词）The living should accomplish the mission of the dead.（定冠词加现在分词）The Whites are leaving for UK tomorrow.（定冠词加姓氏复数）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. = It is a great pleasure to swim in the rive r. （不定式）It is hard for me to finish the task in such a short time.（带逻辑主语的不定式）What to do next is not clear.（疑问词加不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）His arriving late made the chairman very angry.（带逻辑主语的动名词）When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.=It has not beendecided yet when we are going to have an English test.（主语从句）（二）谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
句子成分与形容词必背第一部分：高考英语须牢记的句子成分与结构每个句子里的词与词之间都有一定的组合关系, 按照不同的关系, 可以把句子分为不同的成分。
在英语中, 句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语七种。
A)句子成分及框架图1. 主语2. 谓语3. 表语4. 宾语拓展:(1)双宾语: 指的是“动词+间接宾语(往往指人)+直接宾语(往往指物)”。
如: Could you lend me your bicycle? (=Could you lend your bicycle to me? )你能把你的自行车借给我吗?He bought his mother a handbag. (=He bought a handbag for his mother. )他给他妈妈买了一个手提包。
(2)复合宾语: 指的是“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”(详见下面的“宾语补足语”栏)。
5. 定语6. 状语7. 宾语补足语B)简单句的五大基本句型结构注意: 简单句是由一个主谓结构构成的句子。
需要注意的是, 主语可以是并列的, 而且谓语也可以是并列的。
如: My brother and I went to the same school. 我和我哥哥上的是同一所学校。
(画线部分是并列主语)He closed the book and went to bed. 他合上书, 上床睡觉。
(画线部分是并列谓语)【巧学妙记】双宾语: 间接宾语往往指人, 直接宾语往往指物。
“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”常可改成“及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”的形式。
如: give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. ; buy sb. sth. =buy sth. for sb. 其中的介词, 有的需要使用to, 而有的需要使用for, 可以结合顺口溜来记忆。
①用介词to的动词带来带去让人看(bring, take, show), 传递借阅应归还(pass, lend, read, return)。
高中英语句子成分知识点在英语中，句子是语言的基本单位，而句子的成分则是构成句子的基础元素。
对句子成分的深入理解能够帮助我们更有效地构建和解析句子，提升英语表达能力。
以下是高中英语中常见的句子成分知识点。
一、主语（Subject）主语是句子中的主要行为者，通常由名词、代词或动名词担任。
在一个句子中，主语通常位于谓语动词之前。
例如，“The cat meows.”（猫叫。
）中，“The cat”就是主语。
二、谓语（Predicate）谓语是句子中的主要动作或状态，通常由动词表示。
在简单句中，谓语就是动词。
例如，“She sings beautifully.”（她唱得很美。
）中，“sings”就是谓语。
三、宾语（Object）宾语是句子中行为的承受者，通常出现在及物动词或介词之后。
例如，“I love you.”（我爱你。
）中，“you”就是宾语。
四、定语（Adjective）定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词或词组，通常给出更多关于名词的信息，如颜色、大小、形状等。
例如，“The red car”（红色的汽车）中，“red”就是定语。
五、状语（Adverb）状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或词组，通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等。
例如，“He speaks English well.”（他英语说得好。
）中，“well”就是状语。
六、补语（Complement）补语是补充说明主语或宾语的句子成分，通常由形容词或名词担任。
例如，“She looks beautiful.”（她看起来很漂亮。
）中，“beautiful”就是补语。
这些句子成分是构建复杂句子的基础。
一个句子可能包含一个或多个这些成分，它们的位置和关系决定了句子的意思和结构。
学习和理解这些句子成分对于提高英语阅读和写作能力至关重要。
在分析和构造句子时，要注意各种句子成分之间的协调和平衡，确保句子的意义和语法都准确无误。
通过不断练习和实践，我们能够更好地掌握和运用这些句子成分，提升我们的英语水平。
十一、句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。
“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)（比较好看，避免头重脚轻）(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter.((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
专题二高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语（供参考）高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test hasnot been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子的成分一.英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
e.g. 1. I saw my best friend Tom see off his girlfriend ↓↓↓↓↓↓主语谓语定语宾语同位语宾语补足语↓↓↓↓↓↓动作执行者动作、状态或特征修饰名、代词动作的对象名、代后表性质情况补充说明宾语at the station yesterday.↓状语（地点.时间等）↓修饰动、形、副词和句子2. A few years ago, Tom was captain of the team.↓↓↓↓↓状语主语系动词表语定语↓系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征注：英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑，定语同位（语）专把名词踹。
状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。
（RAP）二.句子各成分的形式1.谓语■及物动词或及物动词短语作谓语He looked after two orphans.They respect one another.Please give me a hand.■不及物动词或不及物动词短语作谓语He went abroad in the September of 1988.■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher.The box itself is not so heavy.注：I.“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语（物）置于间接宾语（人）之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。
这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好1.“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语（物）前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。
即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,sell,take,teach等2.“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。
如:Mother bought a new dress for me。
类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。
3.当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后如：Richard made it for him。
理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。
把它给我4. 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语（物）.间接宾语（人）或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. 我问约翰I asked a question. 我问了一个问题I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题5. suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?II. 常用作连系动词：①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气.外貌慢慢grow; 流水.金钱缓缓run;颜色.天气大不同turn；get/ become口语化，如果要说就用它.口诀解读：come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。
如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。
如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。
grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。
run 与grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。
如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。
turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。
In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了，花开了。
系词be它有三，am/is/are/was/wereI（我）用am，you（你）用are，is 用于他她它；单数is，复数are，认真做题不出差。
（否句be后not加，疑问句，be句首，句尾？不要丢。
）②保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.③看起来，好像：Appear, look, seem.④感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.2.主语（谓语前）（名词）The sun rises in the east.（数词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（名词化的形容词）The poor are now living in the shelter.（动名词）Seeing is believing.（不定式）To see is to believe.（代词）He likes dancing.（从句）What he needs is a book.（形式主语）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.【解析】：不定式、动名词和从句可在句中做主语，由从句充当主语的句子，称为主语从句。
3.宾语(谓语后）（名词）Show your passport, please.（代词）She didn't say anything.（数词）How many do you want? - I want two.（名词化的形容词）They sent the injured to hospital.（不定式）They asked to see my passport.（动名词）I enjoy working with you.（从句）Did you write down what he said?【解析】不定式、动名词和从句可在句中做宾语，由从句充当宾语的句子，称为宾语从句。
4.表语（系动词后）（形容词）Time is precious.（副词）The war was over.（代词）I’m not quite myself today.（名词）That remains a puzzle.（不定式）They seem to know the truth.（现在分词）The film is very interesting.（过去分词）I felt tired.（介词短语）I don’t feel at ease.（从句）The problem is when we can get a pay rise.【解析】B. 由不定式、动名词、分词可在句中做表语，由从句充当表语的句子，称为表语从句。
5.补足语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.【解析】：不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可在句中做补足语。
6..同位语We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.【解析】：由从句充当同位语的句子，称为同位语从句。
7.定语（形容词）He is a clever boy.（名词）His father works in a steel work.（数词）There are 54 students in our class.（名词所有格）Do you know Betty’s sister?（动名词）He bought some sleeping pills.（现在分词）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（过去分词）His spoken language is good.（不定式）She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.（从句）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who lived in Fuzhou.【解析】：A. 由从句充当定语的句子，称为定语从句B. 不定式、动名词、分词可在句中做定语。
C．如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置。
8.状语（介词短语——时间）I will be back in a while.（介词短语——地点）They are playing on the playground.（从句——原因）He was late because he got up late.（从句——结果）He got up so late that I missed the train.（不定式——目的）I waited to see you.（介词短语——方式）He often went to school by bus.（现在分词——结果）His parents died, leaving him an orphan.（从句——条件）Please call me if it is necessary.（副词——程度）This book is very interesting.（介词短语——让步）He went to school in spite of his illness.【解析】：A. 由从句充当状语的句子，称为状语从句B. 不定式、分词、介词短语和副词在句中均能做状语。
