高中英语句子成分和句子种类
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一.句子种类句子按功能分可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1.陈述句用来陈述事实,有肯定和否定两种结构History will not repeat itself.The train had not left when we got to the station.2.疑问句用来提出问题,句末有问号。
疑问句有四种:一般\特殊\选择\附加疑问句Is English the most widely spoken language in the world?Where the hell have they been hiding?Shall we go home or stay here for the night?Your classmates study very hard, don’t they?3.祈使句用来提出请求、命令、劝告、建议等Be careful!Don’t interrupt me while I am working.Please sign here to show that you have received the money.4.感叹句用来表达喜怒哀乐等各种情感What a beautiful scene(it is)!How fast the horse is running!How careless the kids are!句子按结构分可分为:简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构,但是可以有并列的主语、并列的谓语.The teacher tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in learning English.He and his twin brother share a lot in common.The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.2.并列句中含有2个或者2个以上并列的简单句,由并列词或分号连接。
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础,是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分;表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语:主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者,常用的作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.1)名词:The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2)代词:She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3)数词:Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4)不定式:To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5)动名词:Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6)主语从句:What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语:谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
专题十四:句子成分和句子种类英语中的句子是由词和短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
一、句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分(感叹词、呼语和插入语)等。
构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语(the Subject)主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
常用的作主语的词类有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词性词组和从句。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
(名词)We study many subjects at school. 在学校我们学习许多科目。
(代词)Two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. 我们中有两个人明天要参加这次会议。
(数词)To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。
(不定式)Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(动名词)The young should help the old. 年轻人应该帮助年老的人。
(名词性词组)What he said made us surprised. 他所说的话使我们感到惊奇。
(从句)2.谓语(the Predicate)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
由动词或动词短语来充当。
We love our country. 我们热爱我们的国家。
She is taking good care of the baby. 她正在好好照看那个婴儿。
3.宾语(the Object)宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类(按照用途分类)1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。
)具体知识:1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型:(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1).What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!2).How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3).How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类(按照用途分类)1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。
)具体知识:1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型:(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1).What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!2).How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3).How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
在高中英语中,句子的成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
以下是常见句子种类和其成分的示例:
1.简单句:只包含一个主语和一个谓语。
- 主语 + 谓语:She runs every morning.(主语为She,谓语为runs)
2.并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成。
- 简单句 + 连词 + 简单句:She studies hard, but she still gets low grades.(第一个简单句的主语为She,谓语为studies,第二
个简单句的主语为she,谓语为gets)
3.复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
- 主句 + 从句:I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.(主
句的主语为I,谓语为will go;从句的主语为it,谓语为doesn't rain)
4.疑问句:用于提问,通常以动词开头。
- 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分:Do you like ice cream?(动词为Do,主语为you)
5.祈使句:用于发出命令、请求、建议等,通常省略了主语。
- 谓语 + 其他成分:Close the door, please.(谓语为Close)
6.感叹句:表示强烈的情感或感叹,通常以感叹词开头。
- 感叹词 + 主句:What a beautiful sunset!(感叹词为What)
这些只是常见的句子种类和示例,实际上还有其他不同类型的句子,具体的情况需要根据语境和句子的用途来判断。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类高中英语句子成分和句子种类句子成分和结构是英语的基础,是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。
下面是小编为您带来的是高中英语句子成分和句子种类相关内容,希望对您有所帮助。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分;表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1. 主语:主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者,常用的`作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。
1)名词:The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2)代词:She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3)数词:Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4)不定式:To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5)动名词:Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6)主语从句:What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2. 谓语:谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
1)简单谓语动词:He bought a dictionary yesterday.动词短语:He is looking for his pen.2)复合谓语系动词+表语:We are students.情态动词+不定式:I may be wrong.动词+不定式:We have to do something for them.3. 表语:表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。
1)名词:He is a doctor.Mr. Scott is a farmer.2)代词:It is me.That's something we have always to keep in mind.3)数词:My lucky number is nine.She was the first to learn about it.4)形容词:The classroom is big.His hair has gone white.5)副词:I am here.6)介词:We are in the classroom.7)动名词:My job is teaching them grammar.= Teaching them grammar is my job.8)分词:The film is exciting.Time is pressing. Let's hurry up.9)不定式短语:My job is to teach them grammar.All I can do is to send her a telegram.10)表语从句:He looks as if he were going to cry.The suggestion is that we should recite more words.注意:名词:身份、性质、内容。
形容词:特点、特征。
4. 宾语:宾语为动作的承受者。
1)名词:He is drinking water.I've bought an English-Chinese dictionary.2)代词:The teacher is talking to her.They didn't promise him anything.3)数词:I like six.I want the first.4)动名词:He likes watching TV.I enjoyed working with you.5)不定式:I want to buy a book.My father likes to swim in winter.6)宾语从句:He asked if he might go there.Did you write down what she said?注意:英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。
1)单宾语:I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up?Please stop making noise.Do you understand what I mean?2)双宾语:双宾语指动词后面接指人和指物的两个宾语。
(指人的宾语叫间接宾语;指物的宾语叫直接宾语)其结构为:主语+及物动词(短语)+sb. + sth.Please tell me how the accident came about.(me为间接宾语,how从句为直接宾语)The teacher asked me a question.(me为间接宾语,a question为直接宾语)当直接宾语与间接宾语位置调换时,须在间接宾语前加介词to/for等。
Would you like to do me a favor?= Would you like to do a favor for me?3)复合宾语:“宾语+宾语补足语”构成了复合宾语,宾语与补足语之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
We all find him a nice boy.(him为宾语,a nice boy为宾语补足语)I saw a stranger waving to me.(a stranger为宾语,waving to me为宾语补足语)4)同源宾语:同源宾语指由名词担任的能重复动词部分或全部意思的直接宾语,前面常有修饰语。
laugh a good laugh大笑 smile a gentle smile 微微一笑live a happy life 过着幸福生活 die a glorious death 死得光荣dream a beautiful dream 作美梦 sing a sweet song 唱了一首甜美的歌 blow a heavy blow 沉重地一击5. 同位语:对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。
1)名词:Zhang Sir, our grammar teacher is humorous.This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital.2)代词:He himself did it.3)数词:The year, 1988 is important.We two will go shopping this afternoon.4)动名词:My task, looking after these children is important.5)不定式:My job, to teach them grammar is hard.6)同位语从句:I had no idea that you were here.The suggestion that we should recite more words is useful.6. 定语:定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,它常和名词构成名词短语。
前置定语:1)名词:I want an English-Chinese dictionary.He has bought a grammar book.2)代词:This is my bag.No difficulty whatever can stop our advance.3)数词:There are two policeman in the street.Please read the first paragraph.4)冠词:This is a desk.5)形容词:I like red apples.He gave me a vivid description of the battle.6)动名词:This is a sleeping car.The swimming pool is wonderful.后置定语:7)副词:The students here are good.The buildings around are of modern construction.8)介词:The students in the classroom are good.The book on the desk is mine.9)不定式:I have an apple to eat.I have a lot of homework to do.注意:当句子的主语是不定式动作的发出者时,不定式用主动形式表被动。
10)定语从句:The students who are in the classroom are good.The boy who went to the library is our monitor.注意:是作前置定语还是后置定语取决于自身的长度。
11)分词:现在分词:This is a sleeping boy.The sleeping boy is my brother.There are some boys playing outside.过去分词:This is a broken glass.She is taking care of the newly-born child.We must solve the problems left by history.注意:动名词作定语,表示所修饰名词的性质或用途。
This is a sleeping car.= This is a car used for sleeping.分词作定语,表示所修饰名词的动作或状态。