Solid-State Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Cefaclor Dihydrate

Solid State PhysicsCourse ID：83035000Course Title：Solid state physicsCredit：4 Semester：the 8th semesterTeaching Objects：the speciality of Selective Course：Quantum mechanics,applied physics Thermology·Statistical physicsInstructor：Hong-Qiang Song, Ph.D.Course Description：Solid-state physics, the largest branch of condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid matter, or solids. The main contents are close-packing, Bravais lattice, primitive cell, unit cell, crystal array, crystal plane, reciprocal space, atomic scattering factor, geometrical structure factor, electronegativity, cohesive energy, covalent crystal, ionic crystal, atomic and ionic radii, one-dimensional crystal lattice, three-dimensional crystal lattice, normal vibration, phonon, heat capacity, harmonic approximation, edge dislocation, low angle grain boundary, Madelung constant, ionization energies of the elements, dielectric constant, internal energy, Frenkel defect, neutron scattering, Bloch function, Bloch theorem, Bragg reflection, Brillouin zone, energy band, symmetry operation, symmetric group, orthogonalized plane wave, electron affinity, electromagnetic phonon, plane wave method, Blende structure, saturation of covalent bonds, optical branch, valence band, conduction band, effective mass, relaxation time, free electron model, hybrid orbit, Schottky defect, dislocation, Dulong-Petit’s law, density of states, Boltzman equation, De Hass-Van Alphen effect, and so on.Grading Scheme：Classroom Participation (10%)Homework (10%)Midterms (10%)Final Exam (70%)Text Book：[1]Jin-Feng Wang. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th edition. Shandong University Press, 2008References:[1] Kun Huang & Ru-Qi Han. Solid State Physics, Higher Education Press, 1988[2] Kittel, C. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005。

材料科学基础重要概念(中英文)晶体学基础布助J 」|1 戊阵(Bravais lattice) 体心化(bodycentering) 底心化(base centering) 持殊心化(jipxiul ccnicring 〉 rtfiftn (crystal plane) rft (平)面拆数(crystal - plane indicc) 晶帯(zone)倒易空问(reciprocal space) 参考球(reference sphere) 经线(longitude) 赤道平HU equator plane) 极网(polenet) 结构基元(motif) 晶体几何学(geometrical cryskillography) 昴休物理学(cry 曲l 】ographysic§)等同点(equivalent point) 贞阵(lattice)初基矢莹(prinuhvc translation vector,) 复式初基 m 胞(multiple - primitive cell) 对 称元素(syninictTyelement) 对称群(syinmctry group) 被动操作{pas si vcoperation) 点阵冇心化(centering of lattice) itl 心化(佃cc centering}"i [tn 心化(one - face centering ) 晶向 C crystaldirection)拈向(方向)扌R 数(crystal-direction indice) 晶向族(t&E ・ of crystal • plane) 倒易点阵(reciprocal lattice )极射赤向投影(stcrcograpliicp 「ojcctioD) 參考网绍(reference grid) 纬线(latitude 〉 昊氏网(WulTnct) 标旌投彩网(standard projection>甜体结构晶休学(crystalloyaphy) 晶体生成学(crystallo^cny) 辭体结构学(crytallogy) 晶体化学(crystalloclicmistry ) 晶体纟吉构(crystal Ktructurc) 点阵平移矢址(lattice translation vector ) 初级小胞(primi ti vc cell > 点阵當数(UmictjpannnctcT) 对称变换(symmetry translation) 主动探作(activeoperation) 国 际符号(mtcmatioiial notation ) 点对称找作(poim$yminctry opcralion) 症转操哲 (rotation opcratkm) 二次.旋转轴 Cftvo ・ fold axc» diad)四次旋转柚 Cfbur - fold axe, tetrad) 锐像(mirror image ) 对形关系(cnantioiiiorphic rcl ation) 反海 C inversion ) 晶系(crystal system) 「卩斜晶系(iiwnoclinic system) 囚方晶系〈止方晶系)(tetragonal system) 八•方晶系(hexagonalsystem > 熊夫利斯符号(Schocnflics notation) 用等操作(咆位操作)<identity) 血转轴(rotationaxe) 三次旋转牠(three 一 fold axe, triad)7< 次旋转轴(six - told axe, hexad > 镜仙(mirror plane)同宇 C congruent) 旋转反温(rotation - inversion ) 三余卜晶系(triclinic system ) 止交晶系(斜方晶系)orthogonal system) 龙方晶系(cubic system) 菱方晶系(rhombohcdral system )品休结构(crystiil structure) 结构符号(structure symbol)鲍林规则(PziilingMrufc) 紙化物结构(oxide structure)有序向溶休(超结构)[ordered solid solution 那晶(quadcrystal)(si^x:r lattice)]彭罗斯拼物(Penrose tiling)长程有宇参数(long-range order parameter) 短程有丹卷数(shot-Tangc order parameter)品体缺陷向 4ft (disclination)沃轻拉过程(M)lterraS process) 刃型位错(edge dislocation ) 嫖型位4ft (screwdislocation) 浪合型位箱(mixed dislocation) 柏氏冋路(Burgers circuit) 柏氏矢直：( Burgers vector) 位钳耳(dislocation loop) 位错密投(dislocation density) 位钳的孙性能(clastic energy of dislocation) 位错线张力(tension of dislocation)致密度(空问玻充效率)(efficiency of space filling) 配位数(coordination number} 配位多面体〈coordination polvhedra> 拓扑密堆相(ropologioally close - packed phase)金属晶休(meta 】 crystal) 离干晶体(ionic crystal) 共价晶休(cowulent crysUd) 分千晶体(molecularcrystal) 原干半径和离予半径(atomic radius and ionic rad: us)原干结构休积(volume odrurturc per storn) 体密疲(volumetric density,p v) 血巒度(plunw density, p P ) 綾密度(linear density; p L ) 金刚石结构(diamoiKlstructure) 纳米碳管(carbon nano tube) 轻换固溶休(substitutional solid solution ) 填陳向溶休(intcTStitiiil solid solution) 尺寸快I 素(sizedketor) 价电子浓度 C valanct electron concentration) 电子化合物(electron compound) 间隙化合物(interKtitial compound) 尺、JI 犬I 素化合物(Bizc~fhctwcQinfXHind 〉 Laves 相(Laws phase) 。

用电磁搅拌提高LD10CS 铝合金焊接接头的质量*李海刚 殷咸青 罗 键贾昌申 孙 波(西安交通大学)摘 要 电磁搅拌焊接方法,可以有效地细化焊缝一次结晶,减小焊缝金属的偏析程度,降低焊缝结晶裂纹和气孔的敏感性,提高焊缝金属的塑、韧性。

但在磁场参数选择不当时,电磁搅拌效果变差,甚至使焊缝成形严重恶化。

因此,只有正确选择磁场参数,且与焊接工艺参数相匹配,才能取得较满意的电磁搅拌效果。

本文通过对间歇交变纵向磁场作用下L D10CS 铝合金T IG 氦弧焊焊缝及热影响区的宏观、微观组织分析,研究了这种电磁搅拌方法对铝合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响规律,探讨了电磁搅拌抑制LD10CS 铝合金焊缝结晶裂纹、提高焊接接头塑、韧性的机理,并得到了试验条件下最佳的磁场参数。

关键词: 纵向磁场 铝合金 结晶裂纹 塑性 韧性0 序 言近些年来,磁控技术的研究和应用不断发展。

外加纵向磁场又称为同轴磁场,它可以促使电弧旋转并改变电弧弧柱等离子流和电流密度的径向分布,进而影响母材的加热熔化和焊缝成形。

电磁搅拌焊接通常外加间歇交变纵向磁场,它可以有效地搅拌焊接熔池,改变熔池金属的结晶状况,提高焊缝质量[1]。

实践表明,采用电磁搅拌电弧焊是多益的,既可以细化焊缝金属的一次结晶组织,减小化学不均匀性,提高焊缝金属的塑性和韧性;又能降低结晶裂纹和气孔的敏感性;焊接奥氏体不锈钢时还可以提高焊缝金属抗晶间腐蚀的能力。

在航空航天领域中,国产高强铝合金LD10CS (美国牌号2014-T6)的焊接问题变得日益突出,它含有较多的溶质元素,比强度高,焊接时热裂倾向较大。

1985年,美国的S Kou YLe 研究了电弧低频横向摆动对高强铝合金2014-T 6焊缝质量的影响[2、3],但利用横向磁场使电弧摆动的方法不利于焊缝的外观成形,国内外其他学者也从不同角度研究了高强铝合金焊缝金属的抗裂性能[4~6]。

本文则在金相分析的基础上,借助于结晶裂纹试验及接头力学性能试验,分析了间歇交变纵向磁场对焊接接头质量的影响,这对于高强铝合金的焊接具有实际意义。

journal of physics and chemistry of solids 分区The Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (JPCS) is a prominent scientific journal that focuses on the interdisciplinary study of materials science, solid-state physics, and physical chemistry. With its wide scope and rigorous peer-review process, JPCS has gained recognition as an influential publication in the field.1. IntroductionThe Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (JPCS) serves as a platform for researchers, scientists, and scholars to disseminate their findings, theories, and innovations in the areas of materials science, solid-state physics, and physical chemistry. This article explores the journal's unique features, impact factor, and its categorization based on the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) journal rankings.2. Scope and FocusJPCS covers a broad range of subjects within the fields of materials science, solid-state physics, and physical chemistry. The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and short communications on various topics, including but not limited to:2.1 Materials Science- Synthesis and characterization of novel materials- Functional materials and their applications- Nanomaterials and nanotechnology- Composite materials- Energy materials2.2 Solid-State Physics- Electronic and magnetic properties of solids- Superconductivity and magnetism- Optical properties and spectroscopy- Quantum phenomena in materials- Topological materials2.3 Physical Chemistry- Chemical reactions and kinetics- Surface science and catalysis- Theoretical and computational chemistry- Solid-state chemistry- Thermodynamics and phase transitions3. Impact and RankingsThe impact factor (IF) of a journal reflects its influence and importance within the scientific community. JPCS consistently maintains a high impact factor due to the quality and significance of the research published. The journal's impact factor is calculated annually by the JCR, which analyzes theaverage number of citations received per article in a given year. JPCS has demonstrated a strong impact on the scientific community, attracting citations and recognition from researchers worldwide.4. Journal CategorizationThe Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (JPCS) is classified under the category of "Materials Science, Multidisciplinary" according to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) journal rankings. This classification acknowledges the journal's interdisciplinary nature and its contributions to the advancement of materials science, solid-state physics, and physical chemistry. JPCS also falls within the larger field of materials science, which encompasses various specialized areas of research and applications.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, the Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (JPCS) serves as a vital source of knowledge and research in the fields of materials science, solid-state physics, and physical chemistry. The journal's broad scope, rigorous peer-review process, and high impact factor make it an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists, and scholars worldwide. By publishing groundbreaking research and facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration, JPCS continues to contribute to the advancement of science and technology.。