英语国际音标发音与训练（小升初）一、英语字母与英语音素：1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。
它们的音标分别是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / əʊ /, /ju:/。
剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。
2. 英语音素：48个。
元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。
3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。
4. 单元音：前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/中元音：/ʌ/ / ɜ: / /ə/后元音：/ↄ: / / ɒ / /u: / /ʊ/ / ɑ:/5. 双元音：合口双元音：/eI/ /əʊ/ /ɑI/ /ɑʊ/ /ↄI/集中双元音：/Iə/ /eə/ /ʊə/6. 辅音：英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ /ө/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ӡ/ /h/ /r/英语破擦辅音：/ʧ/ /ʤ/英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /ƞ/英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /ł/英语半元音：/w/ /j/英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/二、英语音素与练习：（1）元音音素：1. 单元音：前元音：/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet, green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need,feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak,weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep,people, free, speak, season, reason,/I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit, pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill,pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy,wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed, west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend,tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, many, ten, seven, end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson,very, says, said,/æ/：fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad, sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have,catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage,family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act,happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen,handsome, math, taxi,中元音：/ʌ/ ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck, luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother,other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number,nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money,much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble,something, some, just, supper, country,/ɜ:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third, thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early,turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard, learn, earth,/ə/： teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer, driver, singer, dancer, worker, answer, under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger,winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager, cleaner, ruler, eraser,woman, picture, future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number, after, 后元音：/ↄ: / ：four, for, short, door, floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball, draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report, reporter, boring, warm,talk, your, north, forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought,thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born, store, score,/ ɒ / ：box, dog, doctor, doll, often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job, sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long, hospital, orange, lost, bottle,crocodile, tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch, song,follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet, not, sorry,/u: / ：too, zoo, room, pool, food, goose, tooth, school, stool, soon, moon, kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon, choose,shoot, afternoon, juice, blue, noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes,through, lose, group, do, ruler, two,/ʊ/ ：good, cook, took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool, classroom, bathroom, bedroom, mushroom, boyhood, woman, put, full,notebook, could, would, should, wolf, sugar, push,oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词：A good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood and look ed.好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。
