定语从句学案

1 定 语 从 句

定语从句：用复合句修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词和关系副词

定语从句常用引导词有：that, which, who, whose, as, where, when, why。

1．that 指人或物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

I like the books that were written by Lu Xun. The student that won the first prize is our

monitor.

2．which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

These are the trees which were planted last year. Is this the library (which) you borrow

books from?

3．who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown. He is the man who I want to work

with.

4．whose 指人或物，作定语，表示“……的”，可转换为“of ＋关系代词”。

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.

I saw some trees whose leaves were black.

5．关系副词 when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词， 在定语从句中充当时间状语。

Next month, when you'll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.

6．关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。

She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.

7．关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。

He didn't tell me the reason why he was so upset.

※定语从句三步：第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。

一、只用that不用which的情况

1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：

I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.

2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。如：

The only thing that we could do was to wait.

That’s the very thing that we can do.

3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.

4、被修饰词为数词时。如：

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still

alive.

5、主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：

There’s still a room that is free.

6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：

He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

7、当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,

2 which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：

Who is the man that is standing by the door?

Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?

8、人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句。例如：

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况

1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.

2、当关系词前有介词时。例如：

This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

5、先行词为that时。例如：

The clock is that which can tell us the time.

三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：

The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.

2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如：

There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.

3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如： The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest

and works very hard.

注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：

The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.

四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法

当先行词为way，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:

This is the way (that /in which) I do such things.

比较: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.

The way ___________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.

The way____________he explained to us was quite simple.

What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）

A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when, where, why的用法

1、先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）

3 I still remember the days ________ we spent together. （作宾语）

Next month, ________you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.

There are occasions ________joking is not permissible.

2、先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，where在从句中做状语；还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）

This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）

I think you have got to the point ________a change is needed, or you would fail.

The small mountain village______ we spent our holiday last month lies in _______ is now part

of Hubei. / lies in the place _______ is now part of Hubei.

※如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。

※两个特例

＊例1: Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he

could see nothing but trees. (在该句中from where…相当于and from at the windows…此处不可变为from

which…,也不可直接用where因为都不如用from where更具体。)

＊例2:That was written in 1946, since___the education system has undergone great changes.