定语从句导学案

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;. 高一定语从句(the Attributive Clause) 导学案【学习目标】：1、掌握定语从句的定义。2、掌握关系代词that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握关系副词when，where，why的用法。4、掌握介词+which的用法5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。【语法知识点】1.定语从句----在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句2.先行词----被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3.关系词----在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词. 4.关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接--- 连接定语从句和主句替代--- 替代前面的先行词成分--- 在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例1.A huge crack （thatwas eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide）（先行词）(关系词) （定语从句）cut across houses, roads and canals. 【学习过程】Part1. 关系词的使用1、完成表格关系代词先行词（指人或物）在从句中充当什么成分例句分析

that 指人/物作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres widecut across houses, roads and canals. I don’t know about the man (that) you mentioned.who 指人作主语The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. whom 指人作宾语（可以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree. which 指物作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing. whose 指人/物作定语Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes

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;. had been destroyed.= …...the homes of whom had been destroyed. = ……　of whom the homes had been destroyed 【注】whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom 或of which / whom + the +n. as 正如…..指人/物作主语、宾语（不可省略）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.关系副词先行词在从句中充当什么成分例句分析when =介词+which 时间时间状语I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where =介词+which 地点地点状语This is the village where / in which I ever lived.

why = for+ which 原因原因状语Do you know the reason why / for which he is absent? 【注】定语从句的关系副词when \ where \ why = 介词+which, 但反之并不一定。如：English is the subject in whichI’m interested. 2. 做题方法：（1）找先行词（2）还原----把先行词放入定语从句（3）确定关系词【练习1】用关系代词that, who, whom, which或whose 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. The eggs _________ I bought yesterday were not fresh. （作______________ ）2. He prefers the goose ________ comes from his parents’ farm. （作______________ ）3. The noodles ________ you cooked were delicious. （作______________ ）4. He saw a house ________ windows were all broken. （作______________ ）5. The man ________ lives next to us sells vegetables. （作______________ ）6. I don’t like the people ________ smoke a lot. （作______________ ）7. I prefer dumplings ___________ have just been cooked. （作______________ ）8. Don’t drink water ___________ has not been boiled. （作______________ ）9. The man ________ you met just now is my teacher. （作______________ ）10. Plane is a machine ________ can fly. （作______________ ）

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;. 观察下面两组句子1. A. This is the house _____ I once lived in. 先行词指，关系词在句中作语，应填。B. This is the house _____ I once lived. 先行词指，关系词在句中作语，你知道应填什么关系词吗？2. A. He was born in a day ________was very hot. 先行词指，关系词在句中作语，应填。B. He was born in a day ________ it was very hot. 先行词指，关系词在句中作语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house whereI would be staying. (还原：I would be staying in the house) 【练习2】用关系副词when, where, why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1.I remember the day _______ I first come to the school. 2.Beijing is the place _______ I was born. 3.This is the factory ________ I visited last year. 4.Is this the reason _________ he refused to help you? 5. I’ll never forget the years ______ I spent with you in the city.6. We all didn’t believe the reason _________ he said just now.【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situation，point, position ,condition, case, scene, spot, stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词where [occasion ---场合(where) ;---时机;机会(when) ]。如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东) I have never been to such an occasion where people all dress formally. [Ex.]He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why 3、that 和which 关系代词只用that的情况：①先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。②先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时③当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用that ④先行词既包括人又包括物时。⑤先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。⑴. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen. ⑵. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday. ⑶. —Who is the man _______ is standing over there?

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;. —Oh,he is my math teacher. ⑷. They are talking about things and persons ______ they saw there a few days ago. 关系代词只用which的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句; ②关系词前有介词; ③先行词本身是that。⑴. The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here. ⑵. We depend on the land from we get our food. ⑶. That you told him about is what we want to know. who 和that 在什么情况下只用who 不用that？①all / those 作先行词且指人；②在there be 结构中，先行词指人；③先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none。⑴.Those ___ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. ⑵.There is a stranger wants to see you. ⑶. One doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work . 4、先行词是way的定语从句1）The way __________________ you solved the problem is not the best one. 2）This is the way ________________ he told me to solve the problem. 【指点迷津】当先行词是the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in which / that / 省略Part2. 介词+ which/ whom 1. 分析下列例句: （1）The man whom he is talking to is my father. The man to whom he is talking is my father. （2）This is the pen which I wrote the letter with. This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. 【指点迷津】(1) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物, 用介词+which; 如先行词是人, 用介词+whom (2) 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which / whom”(3) 在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。如: look after, take care of, look for 等。判断正误：①This is the pen for which I’m looking. ( ) ②This is the pen which I’m looking for. ( )