2018-2019高考高三英语二轮复习专题整合：专题三第三讲 推理判断题

真题演练(三)[2015·江苏]AVisitor Code•Arrive with nothing that can harm New ZealandIf you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs.•Protect plants and animalsNever allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.•Get rid of rubbishAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible.•Be considerate with other wasteIf using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.•Keep New Zealand’s water cleanBecause soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers.•Take care with fireAlways observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.•Camp or picnic carefullyWhen camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.•Keep to the trackKeep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.•Be considerateWhen driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.56．According to the Code，visitors should act .A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation答案 A解析推理判断题。

2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（推理判断）含答案阅读理解----推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题形式：1．细节推断题(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2)The author strongly suggests that .(3)The writer implies but not directly states that .(4)The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .2．文章来源或读者对象类推断题(1)The passage would most likely be found in .(2)In which of the following publications would this passage most likely come from?(3)Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?3．写作意图类推断题(1)What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage?(2)The purpose of the passage is to get people to .(3)The writer writes the last paragraph in order to .4．态度倾向类推断题(1)The attitude of the author towards...is .(2)What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?(3)What does the author think about...?1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

第三讲│推理判断题一、题型解读高考英语《考试大纲》指出，阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。

高考英语阅读理解试题命制形式多样，其中推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。

推理判断主要包括：此类题目在高考题中的数量所占比例较大，是高考阅读理解考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。

具体来说，针对不同的推理判断题，寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。

二、设问方式一般来说，推理判断题题干中常出现know about，learn from，infer，imply，suggest，conclude，intend，mean，indicate等词语。

1.细节推断题常见的命题形式·It can be inferred from the passage that ________.·It can be concluded from the passage that ________.·The author strongly suggests that ________.·The writer implies but not directly states that ________.·The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________.·Which of the following statements does the passage support?2.态度倾向推断常见的命题形式·The attitude of the author towards something is ________.·The writer of the passage seems to think that ________.·What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?·What is the author’s opinion on...?·What does the author think about...?3.写作意图推断题常见的命题形式·What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?·The purpose of the text is to get more people to ________.·The writer of the story wants to tell us that ________.·The writer talks about...in order to ________.·The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.4.文章来源或读者对象推断题常见的命题形式·This passage would most likely be found in ________.·In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? ·The passage is probably taken out of ________.·Where does this text probably come from?·Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?5.对文章内容预测常见的命题形式·What do you think will happen when/if...?·At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write ________.·The paragraph following the passage will probably be about ________.·Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?三、选项特征1.推理判断题正确选项的特征(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75­year history. T his time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in prepara tion for the building’s end.The film classic TheLastPictureSho w was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.7．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed__audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.的关键信息来推断答案。

班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.A【浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试】It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.This could be because I am not actually a mother. Until recently, I was not a “real” stepmother either. But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us full-time. In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sort-of-step-mother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in. With my sort-of-steppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns. I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority – but not too much.Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care. It’s a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position.1. Which of the following is true about Bernardo?A. Bernardo seldom cares about the kids.B. Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.C. Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids.D. Bernardo doesn’t recognize his wife as a “real” stepmother.2. What does the author think of her role in the family?A. She was totally favored by the kids.B. She has acted as an enemy of the kids.C. She didn’t have any influence in the family.D. She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.3. What’s the author’s advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph?A. Be partly en gaged in kids’ life.B. Care little about kids’ behavior.C. Seldom get involved in kids’ homework.D. Become the absolute authority of the family.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A【解析】本文为应用文。

第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75­year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in prepara tion for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Sho w was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary­eyed audience wanting to say good­bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.7．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed__audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.的关键信息来推断答案.第二步根据该题选项特点找到teary-eyed与sad相呼应，good­bye与part相呼应.尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)It can be inferred from the passage that ________．(2)It can be concluded from the passage that________．(3)The author strongly suggests that ________．(4)The writer implies but not directly states that ________．2．“逻辑关联”得结论(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义.(2)整合全文或全段信息，进行综合判断，确定最佳选项.(3)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好做出判断.题型2目的意图类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅲ，C)If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a__pipe__dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)．If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To show how to grow apples.B．To introduce an apple festival.C．To help people select apples.D．To promote apple research.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，试找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词关键词句：If__you__are__a__fruit__grower—or__would__like__to__become__one—take__advantage__of __Apple__Day__to__see__what’s__around.第二步与选项进行对比，得出答案尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)What is the main purpose of the passage?(2)The writer of the story wants to tell us that ________．(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________．2．“文体特点”求突破(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开.(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言.(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句.(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中.题型3观点态度类[示例](2015·全国卷Ⅰ，B)The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun plac e to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine.”I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold­weather root vegetables—was a 7 a．m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’market that proved to be more than worth the early wake­up call.The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a．m. to 1 p．m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries；the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck；and most of all，the tomatoes：amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things tha t back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.24．What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A．Exciting.B．Boring.C．Relaxing. D．Annoying.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词由第一段The freezing Northeast hasn’t__been__a__terribly__fun__place to spend time this winter，so...第二步结合选项，进行合理推断尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?(2)What is the author’s opinion on...?(3)What does the author think about...?2．“忠于措辞”定选项文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞.(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点.(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子.(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断. 3．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous 幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的.(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective 客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的.题型4文章出处或读者对象类[示例](安徽卷，A)Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy！Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don’t need to worry if you buy a Mr.Helping Hand personal robot.Mr.H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around，putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr.H also has these features(特点)：·weighs only 500 grams·includes long-lasting batteries·comes with a 5-year guarantee·remembers simple instructionsOriginally(最初) sold for $499NOW ONL Y $299WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL►acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.►gives you a daily weather forecast.►reminds you when to hand in your homework.►sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides，your PENGO W A TCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONL Y $99For further information，click here.59．Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A．On a notice board.B．In a company brochure.C．On a teenage website.D．In a college newspaper.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇①BUY__NOW②For__further__information,__click__here第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)The passage would probably be found in ________．(2)The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of ________．(3)Where does the text probably come from?2．“专用词汇”做判断考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断.如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案.[状元技法]推理判断题解题三技巧1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理.抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义.2．整合全文信息进行推断.在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点等系列材料，综合起来去推理判断.3．利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断.在把握主旨大意的基础上利用文章的语境褒贬性对文章进行准确的逻辑判断.,[学生用书P50])A(2017·湖北武汉高三调研)I felt like I had clicked my heels three times and come to a country away from home every morning as I walked through the doors at the Embassy of Australia in Washington.Musical Aussie accents and Aboriginal art exhibits made me wonder if I had entered without a visa. In fact I was a temporary employee，a public affairs unpaid intern(实习生) for three months during the summer in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where I planned to study the next spring.During the summer I read the Australian news every day. Working at the embassy allowed me to escape the U．S.for six hours per day and learn about what was going on across the planet.After reading the daily Australian and U．S.news I usually helped prepare a PowerPoint presentation for school kids who visited the embassy as part of a school activity. Depending on whether an embassy event was going on，I would attend weekly meetings to listen to planning and see what I could do to ually there were smaller tasks to be done such as creating visitors’guides.The most fantastic event in which I participated was the visit of the Australian Prime Minister. As the only American among countless Australian media and staff, I felt comfortable and was kept busy taking pictures and recording doorstop interviews at famous sites such as the Capitol. As an intern, you will not be exposed to top­secret information, but you are on the inside when it comes to special events.Government work is a useful addition to one’s experience. As an embassy employee you will gain invaluable knowledge while spending your summer in a culturally diverse workplace.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历.1．What is the author talking about?A．Her embassy internship.B．Her trouble in finding a job.C．Her foreign culture experience.D．Her preparation for future employment.A解析：主旨大意题.根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历.2．Why was the author in the Embassy of Australia for three months?A．To apply for a visa.B．To prepare to study in Australia.C．To record musical Aussie accents.D．To appreciate Aboriginal art exhibits.B解析：细节理解题.根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where I planned to study the next spring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故答案为B.3．What was the author forbidden to do when the Australian Prime Minister visited America?A．Record doorstop interviews.B．Know top-secret information.C．Take pictures of special events.D．Stand among the Australian staff.B解析：细节理解题.根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“you will not be exposed to top-secret information”可知，实习生不会接触到绝密信息，故选B.4．What can w e infer about the author’s daily routine at the Embassy?A．It is tiring.B．It is boring.C．It is exciting. D．It is relaxing.C解析：推理判断题.根据第三段第一句中的“The most fantastic event”以及最后一段中的“a useful addition”和“gain invaluable knowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的.B(2017·陕西高三教学质量检测)Our success，satisfaction and general happiness in life is not dependent on what happens to us but how we deal with it.You will probably know from personal experience what a difference your attitude can make when，for example，you’re returning faulty goods or making a complaint. An open, polite andfriendly approach，expecting a satisfactory result，normally results in one as people tend to respond with a similar attitude. If，however，you present an argument with an angry，accusing tone，expecting trouble，there is little doubt that this is what you’ll get!Some people see the world through a filter of optimism and some through a filter of pessimism(悲观) which largely comes down to having a positive or negative(消极的) attitude. People who are suffering from a negative attitude primarily think that something can’t be done；they talk about problems, see all the difficulties，find fault with and criticize other people and focus on all the things they would like but haven’t got.On the contrary，people blessed with a positive attitude think that anything is possible.They look for ways to solve the problems, they see the good in everybody，and they are grateful for all the good things in their lives.Whether suffering from or blessed with your attitude，this is not something that is put on us from the outside.We are very much responsible for our own attitude.We all start out with a “clean” board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.As children we are made fun of and even get bullied(欺侮) and rejected，start to experience doubt and lose our self­confidence.If this continues into adulthood，it can result in a bad attitude in later life.[解题导语]本文展现出了积极的人生态度的重要性.5．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that people are likely to treat others__________．A．the way they are treatedB．better when they are satisfiedC．worse when they are in troubleD．the way they consider appropriateA解析：细节理解题.根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“as people tend to respond with a similar attitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你.6．According to the writer，what affects people’s life attitude?A．The situation they face.B．The people around them.C．Their expectations of life.D．The way they view the world.D解析：推理判断题.根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段中的“We are very...We all start out with a‘clean’ board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.”可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们对事物的态度，人们的人生经历对人生态度又有影响，故选D.7．What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?A．To show how to avoid a negative attitude.B．To show the importance of a positive attitude.C．To share his positive attitude with his readers.D．To describe the effects of a negative attitude.B解析：写作意图题.根据第一段并结合全文的内容可推知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性.专题强化训练13推理判断题——逻辑推断类/目的意图类[学生用书P101(单独成册)]A(2017·东北三省四市高考模拟)As her son Cameron sits at his laptop completing a task for his math degree course, Alison Thompson, a full­time mum, is busy helping her daughter Emma(two years younger than Cameron) get dressed. While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs. “People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school, his teachers never thought there was a problem with him，”says Alison.It took Alison and her husband a while to realize their son was different. Cameron’s ability didn’t become clear until he began primary school. Once he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number. Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers(负数). He was four at the time. Now 14-year-old Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning math degree with the Open University, having__sailed__through__his__GCSE at 11 and his A­level at 12, achieving top grades.Bethany, another daughter of Alison, is bright too but not gifted. She is the one who will remind absent-minded Cameron to put on his coat. She also helps him out in social situations.Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too. “The other day she did up the buttons on her coat, which was real progress，”Alison says.Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ambitious parents. Gifted children need support too and their lives don’t have to be that different. Cameron is an example.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文.通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此.1．What does Paragraph 1 indicate?A．Cameron helps Emma with her math tasks.B．Teachers at school ignored Emma’s problems.C．Both Cameron and Emma need parental support.D．The couple often have fights because of Cameron.C解析：推理判断题.根据第一段的“While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs.”可知，Emma和Cameron 都需要父母的支持，故C项正确.2．What does the underlined phrase “having sailed through his GCSE”probably mean?A．Having passed his GCSE easily.B．Having taken his GCSE seriously.C．Having worked hard at his GCSE.D．Having suffered a lot from his GCSE.A解析：词义猜测题.根据文章画线短语后的“at 11 and his A-level at 12, achieving top grades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCSE考试，在12岁则通过了A­level阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”.3．There are ________people in Mrs. Thompson’s family.A．three B．fourC．five D．sixC解析：细节理解题.文章提到了Thompson夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人.4．What can be concluded from the passage?A．Emma has learned to take good care of herself.B．Cameron showed his gifts before primary school.C．The children of the family are bright and gifted.D．Gifted kids are not so different as people expect.D解析：推理判断题.根据文章最后一段的“Gifted children need support too and their lives don’t have to be that different.”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项.B(2017·烟台诊断)In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.The idea of using seaweed to make eco­friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe toeat.Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?[解题导语]为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品.5．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?A．To make people’s life more convenient.B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste.C．To change the way we picnic outside.D．To show off their inventive talents.B解析：细节理解题.根据第一段第一句“In an effort to discourage people from using plastics...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品.故选B项.6．What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?A．They can be made at home.B．They are cheap to produce and buy.C．They will hold their shape when they are filled.D．They will break down themselves when empty.D解析：细节理解题.根据第二段第四句“As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解.也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保.故选D项.7．What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?A．They are convenient to carry.B．They are safe to eat.C．They can be used for a short time.D．They are heavier than plastics.B解析：细节理解题.根据第二段第四句“...though they would be perfectly safe to eat”及第三段第二句“Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的.故选B项.8．What can be inferred from this passage?A．Home­made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.D．It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.A解析：推理判断题.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎.故选A 项.C(2017·太原二模)“Stop all the rushing and screaming: too much excitement is bad for families. Kids are missing out on an essential life—relaxed down time，”says Dr. Charlotte Reznick.“Parents work, and kids do scheduled activities—there’s little family time without pressure，”says Reznick. “One parent is taking the son to a soccer game, and the other parent is taking the daughter to her swim meet. Then there’s the art class, baseball practice, extra tutoring, and more! By the time the family meet up for dinner, everyone is exhausted.”All the rushing makes for a short temper. “When parents are reduced to shouting at their children to get them to listen, they lower their own self­esteem as well as losing the respect of their children，”says Dr. Carl Pickhardt. “While parents think it shows they’re serious about what they’re saying, they are really just showing helpless desperation at not getting their way.”These days what kids are learning at school and from the outside is a lot greater than it used to be even just a generation ago.“The problem is that stress relieving activities—reading, taking walks or hot baths, watching the sunset and other activities are not even part of most kid s’ experience any more，”says Reznick.“There are so many more social interaction opportunities in our computer age, but not all ofthem promote meaningful connections, which is another potential outlet for stress，”she says.One way to relieve stress is a simple technique called “the balloon breath”. It’s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can respond thoughtfully rather than just react.Here’s how to do it. Imagine a deflated(未充气的) balloon in your stomach—about two to three inches below your navel(肚脐). Slowly breathe in to a count of 1...2...3... and feel the lower belly expand, and flatten as you slowly breathe out to a count of 1...2...3...[解题导语]本文主要讲述了如何缓解孩子们的压力.9．What can we infer from the second paragraph?A．Kids can hardly enjoy family time due to heavy burdens.B．Saturday is the only leisurely day of the week for kids.C．The life of kids is becoming rich due to extra classes.D．Parents have no time on weekends to care for their kids.A解析：推理判断题.根据第二段中的“By the time the family meet up for dinner, everyone is exhausted.”和本段的整体内容可推知，如今孩子们的负担沉重，几乎无法享受家庭时间，故选A.10．What does Dr. Carl Pickhardt think of parents when they yell?A．They have no self­confidence.B．They take what they say seriously.C．They are always behaving like children.D．They are less respected and seem desperate.D解析：细节理解题.根据第三段的“losing the respect of their children”和最后一句“While parents think it shows they’re serious about what they’re saying, they are really just showing helpless desperation at not getting their way.”可知，Dr.Carl Pickhardt认为，父母在大吼大叫时，孩子们对他们的尊重会减少，也显示出父母无助的绝望，故选D.11．What is the function of “the balloon breath”according to the seventh paragraph?A．To make one cool down.B．To test one’s patience.C．To raise one’s awareness.D．To fill a balloon with air.A解析：细节理解题.根据倒数第二段的第二句“It’s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can respond thoughtfully rather than just react.”可知，这种方法的作用是使人们冷静下来，故选A.12．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage?A．To tell educators to be patient.B．To advise parents not to make life too stressful for kids.C．To encourage kids to pursue creativity.D．To show that kids need patience and love from their parents.B解析：写作意图题.通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是如何缓解孩子们的重压，这是给父母提出的建议，故选B.专题强化训练14推理判断题——观点态度类/文章出处类[学生用书P103(单独成册)]A(2017·河南开封一模)According to the Global Times, it is reported that two online videos showing children telling their parents “I love you”have gone viral in China. The first, filmed by an Anhui TV station, shows a number of college students telling their parents they love them. The responses are mixed. “Are you drunk？” asked one parent. In another similar video, shot by a Shanxi TV station, a father responded even less patiently—“I’m going to a meeting, so cut the crap.”Why don’t Chinese families use those words? Theories revolve around the nature of Confucian teaching. “The parents’ responses show that many Chinese are not good at expressing positive emotions，”Xia Xueluan, a sociologist from Peking University, told the Global Times. “They are used to educating children with negative language.”This isn’t the first time that China has done some soul­searching about familial love—last year China Daily asked a cross­section of people if they said “I love you” to their parents，spouses, and children. “I have never said ‘I love you’to my family, and I don’t think I will in the future，”one 56­year­old man told the paper. “Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.”Still, that do esn’t mean that love can’t be expres sed. In a separate article, China Daily spoke to Zhao Mengmeng, a 31­year­old woman who said she had never told her father she loved him face­to­face(“I find it a bit odd”). Sometimes actions speak louder than words. Zhao gave her father a photo album featuring photographs of them together on almost every one of her birthdays in June 2012. The pictures went viral online, being forwarded hundreds of thousands of times on Weibo.“I didn’t sleep the night I heard about it，” her father told China Daily after the story attracted mainstream attention. “I have now memorized some of the comments on the collection of pictures.”[解题导语]中国人一直以含蓄著称，这一特点在向家人表达爱时也不例外.近来，两段视频引起了轰动，文章对此作了介绍.作者运用大量例子解释了中国人为什么不直接说“我爱你”，并列举了其独特的表达方式.1．What can we infer from the text?A．It is not direct for Chinese families to say “I love you”．B．Chinese parents are too proud to express “I love you”．C．Chinese parents are good at expressing positive emotions.D．Young paren ts in China are willing to express “I love you”．A解析：推理判断题.文章第三段引入一位被采访者的观点：Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.，下一段介绍了中国人对父母表达爱的特点：Sometimes actions speak louder than words.，即用行动而不是语言来向父母表达自己的爱，并列举事例进行证明.由此可推断，中国人通常不会向家人直接表达爱.故选A项.2．Why don’t Chinese parents express “I love you”to their children?A．Because they can’t express it.B．Because they are not in the habit of expressing so.C．Because they think it unnecessary.D．Because they think it should be done only among young couples.B解析：细节理解题.根据文章第三段中的“I have never said ‘I love you’ to my family, and I don’t think I will in the future，”one 56­year­old man told the paper. “Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.”可知，中国的父母不习惯这样表达.3．Zhao Mengmeng expressed “I love you”to her father by ________．A．giving him an album containing their photosB．kissing her father’s face and telling him by wordsC．speaking it out bravely in a TV programD．writing out the three words in a letterA解析：细节理解题.题干关键信息为Zhao Mengmeng，根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句Zhao gave her father a photo album featuring photographs of them together on almost every one of her birthdays...可知，赵萌萌送给爸爸一个相册，里面是他们的照片，以此来表达对父亲的爱.故选A项.4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the statements about “I love you”？A．Opposed.B．Objective.C．Critical. D．Indifferent.B解析：推理判断题.作者通过随机调查告诉我们，中国人为什么不习惯对家人说“I love you”，在分析完原因后，又通过具体的例子告诉我们中国人如何用一种含蓄的方式向家人表。

高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】 专题5 阅读理解Ⅲ：推理判断题【构建知识体系】2014-2015年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2014-2015年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向The freezing Northeast h asn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused tobuy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting.B. Boring.C. Relaxing.D. Annoying.26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A. They are soft.B. They look nice.C. They taste great.D. They are juicy.27. What was the author going to that evening?A. Go to a farm.B. Check into a hotel.C. Eat in a restaurant.D. Buy fresh vegetables【答案】24. B26. B27. CYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places –and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t haveenough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clo ck –or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast musice smaller spoonsD.Turn down the lights【答案】25. B27.C27.C 推理判断题。

高考英语阅读理解真题（2018—19全国卷3B篇）详解2018Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains are sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, therewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first20000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in setting down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City-its present population is 762.24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rick.C. Almost everyone gave upD. Half of them died.26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D. They were shot of food.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a cityB. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.答案24答案C,推理判断题。

第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated m any times in the theater’s 75­year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in prepara tion for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Sho w was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary­eyed audience wanting to say good­bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.7．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed__audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.的关键信息来推断答案。