2014职称英语押题 理工C 完型填空
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2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文(5)2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
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Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans. “It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room. It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university. She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs. They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.词汇:directional adj.定向的exit n.出口install v.安装residential adj.居住的static n.静电噪声potential n.潜力thermal-imaging热效应成像pinpoint v.精确地确定concept n.概念,观念emergency n.紧急情况grant n.授予物,准许注释:1.在谓语动词中,不能并列使用两个情态动词,如may和can就不能并列使用。
2014年职称英语理工类C级考前押题(三)一、词汇辨析(共15题,合计15分)1Have you talked to her lately?A. lastlyB. finallyC. shortlyD. recently2 While we don't agree,we continue to be friends.A. WhoeverB. WhereC. AlthoughD. Whatever3 Enormous sums of money have been spent on,space exploration.A. MuchB. LargeC. SmallD. Fixed4 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.A. every yearB. severelyC. activelyD. every month5The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A. secretsB. detailsC. benefitsD. words6We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.A. effectB. accountC. effortD. discount7There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.A. smallB. totalC. goodD. great8The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A. showedB. suggestedC. agreedD. believed9Mary has blended the ingredients.A. madeB. mixedC. cookedD. eaten10They agreed to modify their policy.A. clarifyB. defineC. changeD. develop11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A. take outB. break offC. push inD. dig up12The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A. playB. showC. sendD. tell13 This table is strong and durable.A. long-lastingB. extensiveC. far-reachingD. eternal14 He endured great pain before he finally expired.A. firedB. resignedC. diedD. retreated15The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A. smilingB. laughingC. shoutingD. staring二、阅读判断(共1题,合计7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
第1部分词汇选项1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A fineB winterC outdoorD extra2.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A excitementB angerC calmD disappointment3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A conferenceB partyC celebrationD union4.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A returnB realizeC increaseD double5.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A asking forB keeping out ofC getting intoD suffering from6.His knowledge of French is fair.A very usefulB very limitedC quite goodD rather special7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A damageB voiceC doubtD argument8.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A seriousB mainC deepD particularck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A receivesB deservesC acceptsD prevents10.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A commentsB signsC mannersD noises11.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systm.A proveB discoverC considerD imagine12.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A hopeB jumpC silenceD life13.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A partsB aspectsC painsD results14.I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A entertainB treatC holdD keep15.Several windows had been smashed.A cleanedB brokenC replacedD fixed答案:DDACA CDBDA BBCAB第二部分阅读判断So Many "Earths"The Milky Way(银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate(推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit. If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sizedworld.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案:CABABAC第3部分概括大意与完成句子Pathways to Research:Problem-solving1 Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue,which famously climabs at a nearly 40-degree angle.As a result,some residents avoid biking altogether.2 But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll,23,and a few friends recently launched aninvention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO. A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hours without pedaling,it zips battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedating ,it zips up the city's most daunting(令人却步的)hills.Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.3 If it sounds like Toll has a knack(窍门) for fixing problems,that's because he does. In high school,he designed a new type of construction beam. It weights no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy(坚固的)homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.For his work,Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(Isef)—twice,in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science&the Public(that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids).Toll says that when it comes to science,he keeps it simple:“You see a problem and say,“How could I solve that?”4 He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solvea problem or fulfill a need in their own communities.When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit their community,“a passion is ignited(点燃),”says Wendy Hawkins,executive director of the Inter Foundation,which sponsors Intel ISEF."Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success."she says.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A Intel International Science and Engineering FairB The enthusiasm for solving problemsC The young researchers' passionD An invention increasing pedal powerE Why people avoid biking in PittsburghF The cause of national disaster27 A Pulse PEVO is powered with28 Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to29 A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like30 Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that mayA a nearly 40-degreeangleB get on bikesC a feather pillowD fix more problemsE a super-strong batteryF benefit their community答案:EDBC EBCF第4部分,阅读理解Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t t hink it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with inlife .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that ________.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.A. test students’ IQs.B. train students who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.答案:ABADBMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays,music has an added function:it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit,even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies,sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature,there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics,the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins,whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move,the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs,infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result,people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However,whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low,it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels,it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea,it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present,scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.36 What could be the best title of the passage?A The power of musicB The harms of noisesC The magic of soundD The discovery of infrasonic waves37 What does the author say about music?A It may be harmful to people's halthB It always cheers people upC It is very often difficult to understandD It sounds better when it is lound enough38 It is true that the soundA of nature is the most beautifulB over 80 decibels is harmful to peopleC of high intensity benefits animalsD in movies is pleasing to the ear39 An ultrasonic soundA is very loudB does harm to people's healthC cannot be heard by peopleD is produced by the hero in movies40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic wavesA are harmless to people's healthB exist in people's internal organsC can be used as deadly weaponsD can improve eyesight答案:CABCCCompact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers — a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc —Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.41 Music is recorded onto CDs asA laser beamsB digital codesC musical notesD special sounds42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to showA the variety of digital communicationsB the development of new technologiesC the usefulness of digital codesD the relationship between communication and technology43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs isA CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC CD-RWs hold more informationD CD-RWs are merely used for music recording44 CDs can last a long time ifA they are seldom usedB they play well and sound fineC their users take good care of themD they are developed with new technology45 It can be inferred from the passage thatA CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB new technology for music recording is being developedC the author likes listening to musicD flppy disks are no longer in use答案:BCBCC第5部分,补全短文Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally,emotionally,and spiritually. In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives?(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wlison,has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,“either you've got it,or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.(47)The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth(48)(After all ,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,“That kid has a great sense of humor!”)A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.(49)Then we will make others laugh,too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.(50)As Dr.Wilson says,“a good sense of humor means that you don't h ave to be funny;you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions(抑制)and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?C However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true,however,it that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!答案:BDCAF第6部分:完形填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events — flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring — all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts — they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51 A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher52 A If B Although C When D Because53 A giving B showing C developing D observing54 A special B professional C skillful D ordinary55 A on B at C to D with56 A small B limited C smple D large57 A Very B Much C As D Many58 A All B Any C Some D Most59 A send B print C answer D keep60 A known B featured C belonged D called61 A alike B like C unlike D likely62 A points B wonders C data D interests63 A common B suitable C open D strange64 A want B forget C mind D have65 A who B how C before D since ADDDC BDAAD ACCDB。
专业第25课理工c阅读押题孙老师特别提示:理工c今年阅读没有新增文章,押题也就变成了猜题,极不靠谱,请大家做好无原题或押不中的准备!!!机会只给有准备的人。
Opportunities are only for the prepared person.理工c阅读押题共2篇文章第十一篇When our Eyes Serve our Stomach已考过第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience理工阅读C音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验Shimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech's Center for Music Technology,recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enableds,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive"musical friend".Shimi是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴侣。
它可以根据听者的反馈推荐合乎节拍的歌曲、舞蹈;并且不断播放音乐。
这款髙1英尺是由智能手机系统支持的,因此被标榜为""一个可以互动的音乐朋友的机器人是由智能手机系统支持的,因此被标榜为"。
"Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music,"said Professor Gil Weinberg,the robot's creator.He will unveil the robot at the June27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests,dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Gil Weinberg教授是该机器人的发明者,他解释说:"Shimi设计的宗旨是改变人们欣赏音乐、认识音乐的方式。
2014职称英语教材-卫生类C级5篇完形填空及参考译文(红色为书中选项答案)1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.2 A Biological Clock(新增)Every living thing has what sicentists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the folwers should open, It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, skeep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example,that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight, In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white,The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birdsprevented from flyin become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher,Martin Moorhead,said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions, These cells tell a oerson when to awaken,when to sleep and when to seek food, Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.It Can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers ,He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory`s production.3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus —just in case t he disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell __ and__ we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them "The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent ofwomenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
职称英语理工类C级考试试题及答案解析(五)一、词汇选择(本大题15小题.每题1.0分,共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
)第1题The waitress showed me to the table we have booked this afternoon.A invitedB toldC ledD pointed【正确答案】:C【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是对近义动词的辨析。
四个选项中。
A选项invite的意思是“邀请”,常用搭配是invite sb. to sth,邀请某人参加。
B选项tell的意思是“告诉”,tell sb. to do sth. tell后的to是不定式而不是介词。
D 选项point的意思是“指向、指出”。
C选项lead的意思是“带领、引导”,如:A nurse took his arm and led the patient back to his room. 护士扶着病人回房间。
lead与题目中show所表达的意思一致,因此C选项符合题意。
第2题I caught sight of her in the crowd.A sawB glancedC staredD skimmed【正确答案】:A【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是对近义动词的辨析。
B选项glance意为“看一下、一瞥”,是不及物动词,常与at,over搭配,如:Tom glanced at his watch. 汤姆看了看自己的手表。
C选项stare意为“凝视、盯着看”,是不及物动词,常与at搭配,如:Susan stared at him in disbelief. 苏珊怀疑地看着他。
D选项skim意为“浏览(以了解中心意思)”,如:Julie skimmed the sports page.朱莉快速浏览了体育版。
Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1events—flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring—all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest—birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.—and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where theylive.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year calledthe National Phenology4Network.“Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project —which is open to everyone—record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts—they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project.“As we collect this data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher 52A If B Although C When D Because53A giving B showing C developing D observing54A special B professional C skillful D ordinary 55A on B at C to D with56A small B limited C smple D large57A Very B Much C As D Many58A All B Any C Some D Most59A send B print C answer D keep60A known B featured C belonged D called61A alike B like C unlike D likely62A points B wonders C data D interests 63A common B suitable C open D strange 64A want B forget C mind D have65A who B how C before D since。
第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下⾯共有15个句⼦,每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语画有下划线,请从每个句⼦后⾯所给的4个选项中选择1个与下划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1、I am not certain whether he will come. A.determined B.sure C.sorry D.glad 2、 She seemed to have detected some anger inhis voice. A.noticed B.heard C.realized D.got 3、 Please do not hesitate to call me if Ican be of further assistance. A.contact B.see C.help D.touch 4、 In short, I amgoing to live there myself A.In other words B.That is to say C.In a word D.To be frank 5、 He has trouble understanding that other peoplejudge him by his social skills and conduct. A.style B.behavior C.mode D.attitude 6、 I had some difficulty in carrying out theplan. A.making B.keeping C.changing D.implementing 7、 Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as agreat joke. A.readily B.casually 8、 We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person. A.shy B.stupid C.dull D.selfish 9、 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. A.promote B.paint C.produce D.polish 10、 They only have a limited amount of timeto get their points. rge B.total C.small D.similar 11、 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. A.force B.influence C.surprise D.power 12、 Can you follow the plot? A.change B.investigate C.write D.understand 13、 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A.physical B.mental C.natural D.hard 14、 In thelatter case the outcome can be serious indeed. A.result B.judgment 15、Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions. A.statements B.beliefs C.suggestions D.claims 第2部分:阅读判断。
职称英语理工类C级考试试题及答案解析(二)一、词汇选择(本大题15小题.每题1.0分,共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
)第1题Our new house is on the first floor.A bottomB thirdC ground.D top【正确答案】:C【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 解题思路:本题考查的是对短语的理解。
四个选项中,A选项bottom 的意思是“底部的、底部”,如:The ship was sunk to the bottom of the ocean.船沉到了大洋的底部。
B选项third的意思是“第三的”。
D选项top 的意思是“最高的、顶上的”,如:I stood on the top of the mountain.我站在山顶上。
C选项ground的意思是“地面的、地面”,ground floor在英语中表示底层,而first floor在英语中表示第二层、在美语中表示第一层,因此C选项符合题意。
第2题As soon as we crossed the border, enemy troops started firing at our troops.A shootingB fightingC strikingD hitting【正确答案】:A【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是对近义动词的辨析。
四个选项中,B选项fight的意思是“打仗、打架”,常用搭配是fight against/with sb.和某人打。
C选项strike的意思是“敲、击、打击”。
D选项hit的意思是“碰撞、击中”的意思,如:She hits me with her hand.她用手打我。
A选项shoot的意思是“发射(子弹),开火”,常用搭配是shoot at sb. /sth. 它与题目中的fire 意思相近,因此A选项符合题意。
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all:"I just can' t remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory.0ur memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory.For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example, pages of a book,as a complete picture.Our verbal(言语的)memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.With our emotional(情感的)memory,we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness.We also have special memories for smell,taste,touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories:Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime.Older people in fact have a much better-long-term memory than short-term.They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance(记忆)of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest.It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past-or maybe victims needing sympathy(同情).16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.27 The ancient Greeks believed that their could be cured by telling their dreams.28 Most scientists believe that dreams have something to do with in our daily life.29 If you dream of driving a large car,it could mean that you want .30 When people are not allowed to dream during sleep,they become .A powerB quiet and happyC eventsD experimentsE diseasesF worried and nervous第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
完型填空:第一篇Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted,but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum,”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__,“Uncovered:Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land,”__7__ Austr alia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands,now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams,a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife,saying it was mad e of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。
said Philp.However, Cook’s fans __ 12 __ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was __13 __ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won",”said Cliff Thornton,president of the Captain Cook Society, in a __14__ from Britain.“But I am __15__ that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’练习:1. A. finally B. firstly C. lately D. usually2. A. whose B. who C. which D. what3. A. some B. none C. neither D. no4. A. cinema B. exhibition C. shop D. market5. A. must B. did C. has to D. does6. A. discovering B. visiting C. traveling D. using7. A. then B. now C. past D. previously8. A. how B. where C. when D. that9. A. conversation B. fight C. meal D. dance10. A. however B. until C. after D. whenever11. A. helpfully B. usefully C. likely D. readily12. A. refuse B. return C. regain D. reply13. A. collected B. washed C. stored D. buried14. A. statement B. suggestion C. proposal D. guess15. A. safe B. weak C. sure D. lucky参考答案:1. A. 分析:借助搭配“..地已经结束了..”直接判断A(最终地)2.B.分析:考察定语从句,从句需要主语,且该主语指代Captain James Cook,所以B合适。
3 D。
分析:考察否定副词。
借助搭配特点—空格后直接出现了名词,所以D是答案(no否定名词)4. B. 分析:借助句子中的相关词语museum(博物馆)..display(陈列)直接猜测答案为B(展览会)5. D. 分析:借助上文时态—一般将来时,及与空格处的搭配结构—‘“考古发现:澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”…包括..’直接判断D为答案该题考点:上下文时态和定语从句。
6. A。
分析:借助句子中出现的词语:explorers (探险家)…Great South Land,判断A(发现)是答案。
7. B。
分析:该题考察插入语结构(插入语结构往往是对前面的名词/代词进行描述,或补充说明,该结构往往以定语(定语从句),状语(状语从句),或同位语的语法结构形式出现)8. C.分析:空格前出现典型时间词1824,空格后是句子,所以直接判断when 可能是答案。
考察:定语从句结构。
9. B. 分析:该题考察上下文内容的呼应:前面出现“被棍棒打死”,所以这里选择B(打仗)最合适。
10. B.分析:借助空格所在结构的特点和搭配结构含义(持续到..)直接判断答案B(直到)。
11. C.分析:分析:根据空格相关结构含义(不是由cook的骨头制成,而是更..是由动物的骨头制成)判断C是答案。
12.A. 分析:直接借助搭配结构特点(v. + to 引导的不定式结构)判断A是答案。
13.D.分析:借助上文句意和该句句意(不是所有的cook的尸体都在1779年被。
海里)判断D(埋葬)是答案。
14.A.分析:借助被选项的关系:suggestion和proposal是近义词,且用法接近,所以相互排除掉,比较A和D,判断A((来自伦敦的)声明)正确。
15.C本题要选sure,表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。
而safe,weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。
译文:库克船长弓箭的传说这本是个绝妙的传说,但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。
传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。
在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时,奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说:“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。
”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会上展出弓箭。
“考古发现:澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。
库克是英国最伟大探险家之一,他在1770年发现了“南大陆”,也就是现在的澳大利亚。
此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。
库克弓箭传说始于1824年,当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚,一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯,并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。
在19世纪90年代,弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。
这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。
据菲利普说,澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨,而更可能来自动物的骨头。
但是,库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。
他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确,并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。
正如他们所说,有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。
库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说:“在这个问题上,科技取得了胜利。
我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。
”这听起来完全不对——在一块木头里面钻些洞让它更耐敲打。
但是这确实有效,因为击打产生的能量分散到了整块木头上,而不是集中于一个薄弱点。
这个发展应该导致更有效和更轻的包装材料的产生。
木匠们几个世纪以来都知道一些木头比另一些更结实。
例如山胡桃木被用做斧柄和轮辐,因为它可以承受振击而不会断裂。
列如白橡木容易损坏得多,尽管它的质地一样细密。
巴斯大学的Julian Vincent和他的研究小组都认为木头的内部结构能够解释这些不同。
许多树都有导管,这些导管通向树干上方,把水输到叶子。
在橡木里,这些管道很大,而且是呈窄带状,但是在山胡桃木中这些管道小得多,而且分布得更平均。
研究者们认为这个布局能够分散打击的能量到整块木头止,以此吸收较重的打击。
为了测试这个理论,他们在一块没有管道的云杉木上钻了一些0.65毫米的洞,发现它能够承受重大的打击。
只有当每平方厘米超过30个孔时,木头抵御敲打的表现才会减弱。
均匀的物质不太好抵御敲打,因为受到影响的只有一小部分物质,来自打击的所有能量在折断材料时都集中在一两个地方,留下的散片常常没有受到破坏。
Vincent说,这些洞可以提供很多薄弱点,当它们破裂时一起吸收能量,而不是使能量聚在一个地方。