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詹姆斯.霍纳小档案中文名：詹姆斯·霍纳外文名：James Horner国籍：美国出生地：加利福尼亚州洛杉矶出生日期：1953年8月14日逝世日期：2015年6月22日职业：音乐人，作曲家毕业院校：英国皇家音乐学院代表作品：燃情岁月、勇敢的心、泰坦尼克号、阿凡达等电影的配乐主要成就：奥斯卡最佳原创音乐奖奥斯卡最佳原创歌曲奖 2次获得金球奖艺人资料詹姆斯·霍纳于70年代末期转入电影界，为美国电影学院及柔格·克曼的新世界电影公司出品的一些低成本恐怖片或科幻片配乐。
在80年代末期开始崭露头角，1986年他为《异形2》配乐，并获次年奥斯卡最佳原创配乐提名。
1989年，Horner因一片荣获葛莱美大奖，而先前詹姆斯．霍纳为动画片《美国鼠谭》谱写的歌曲《出门在外》（Somewhere Out There）不仅使他获得奥斯卡和金球奖提名，更是勇夺该年度葛莱美“最佳歌曲”和“最佳电影插曲”双料大奖，从而詹姆斯．霍纳一举成名。
詹姆斯·霍纳在1990年代进入了黄金时期。
1994年的《燃情岁月》真正为霍纳奠定了在好莱坞乃至世界的大师地位。
接着，又出演《勇敢的心》《鬼马小精灵》《阿波罗13号》等影片从1995年起，他又以《燃情岁月》、《勇敢的心》、《阿波罗13号》等一系列风格迥异的电影配乐建立其创作领域的霸主地位。
1997年的《泰坦尼克号》主题曲《我心永恒》让霍纳声名鹊起，一举摘得第70届奥斯卡最佳原创配乐和最佳原创歌曲两项大奖，并囊括了第41届格莱美年度歌曲、年度录音、最佳流行女歌手等四项大奖。
1998年《泰坦尼克号》电影原声带在美国销售了近1000万张，全世界销量达到2700万张，创下传奇数字。
他近几年的作品是在法国导演让-雅克·阿诺（Jean-Jacques Annaud）执导的二战史诗巨片《决战中的较量》（Enemy At The Gates）中担任配乐工作，大师詹姆斯·霍纳为影片制作了多首乐曲、合唱曲，这些带有地域性和时代特色的乐曲成功地为影片情节的发展进行了铺垫。
Colonial Period 殖民时期Background: Puritanism 背景：清教主义1. features of Puritanism 特征宿命论:上帝决定一切之前发生的事情(1). Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2). Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation. 原罪论:人类生来就是邪恶,这原罪(3). Total depravity 性恶说有限的赎罪:可以通过一代一代(4). Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.只有选举才能得救2. Influence 影响(1). A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. 一群好的品质——努力工作、节俭、虔诚、节制(严重的和深思熟虑的)美国文学的影响。
(2). It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. 它导致了永恒的神话。
所有的文学是基于一个神话——伊甸园。
(3). Symbolism: the America n puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. 象征意义:美国清教徒的隐喻认知模式主要是在调用形成一个文学象征这是典型的美国人。
⾼级英语1课后LESSON+6--11翻译练习LESSON 6Ⅻ. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English, using the following words or expressions in the brackets:1）汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上的第⼀名学⽣。
2）对贫困的担⼼使他忧虑重重。
3）洞庭湖盛产鱼虾。
4）在压⼒下，他别⽆办法，只好离职。
5）那时许多⼉童死于天花。
6）他发现船舱⾥进了很多⽔，⼗分惊恐。
7）直到半夜医⽣才做完这项复杂的⼤⼿术。
8）彼得的特点真是如此。
9）历史课使我对古代⽂明有所了解。
10）新上演的那出话剧充分表现了年轻⼈的追求与烦恼。
B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. (Para.2)马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他⼀⽣之中有超过三分之⼀的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新⽣活，尔后便以作家和演说家的⾝分将他所感受到的这⼀切介绍给全世界。
2All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. (Para.4)所有这⼀切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语⾔，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
我遇见了贝多芬英语作文Here is the English essay with the title "I Met Beethoven" and the word count greater than 600 words:I had always been fascinated by the works of the great composers, their music echoing through the ages and touching the hearts of countless listeners. But never in my wildest dreams did I imagine that I would one day have the chance to meet one of these musical geniuses in person. That is, until the fateful day when I found myself unexpectedly in the presence of the legendary Ludwig van Beethoven.It all began on a crisp autumn afternoon as I was wandering the streets of Vienna, my mind lost in the melodies that seemed to emanate from every corner of the city. I had come to Austria to immerse myself in the rich musical heritage of the region, and as I strolled through the winding cobblestone alleyways, I couldn't help but feel a sense of reverence for the composers who had once walked these very same paths.As I turned a corner, I was suddenly struck by the sight of a man sitting on a bench, his brow furrowed in deep concentration as hescribbled furiously in a small notebook. There was something about his intense gaze and the way he held his pen that immediately captivated me, and before I could stop myself, I found myself drawn towards him, my curiosity piqued.As I approached, the man looked up, and I was met with a pair of piercing blue eyes that seemed to bore into my very soul. I froze, my heart pounding in my chest, unsure of how to proceed. But then, to my utter amazement, the man spoke, his voice rich and commanding."You seem intrigued, young man," he said, a faint smile tugging at the corners of his mouth. "Is there something I can help you with?"I stammered, suddenly aware of how foolish I must have looked, standing there gaping at him like a wide-eyed child. "I-I'm sorry, sir,"I managed to stutter. "I didn't mean to disturb you. I was just... I was just admiring your work, that's all."The man raised an eyebrow, his expression unreadable. "My work?" he murmured, glancing down at the notebook in his hand. "Ah, yes, I suppose you could call it that."I swallowed hard, my mouth suddenly dry. "You're... you're Beethoven, aren't you?" I whispered, the realization dawning on me like a bolt of lightning.The man's eyes widened, and for a moment, I thought I saw a flicker of surprise in his face. But then, a warm smile spread across his features, and he nodded. "Indeed, I am," he said, his voice tinged with a hint of weariness. "Ludwig van Beethoven, at your service."I couldn't believe it. Here I was, standing face to face with one of the most revered composers in history, the man whose music had the power to move millions. I felt a sudden surge of awe and reverence, and before I could stop myself, the words were tumbling from my lips."I-I'm a huge admirer of your work, sir," I stammered. "Your music has been a constant source of inspiration and comfort to me. I've listened to your symphonies, your piano sonatas, your string quartets – they all speak to me in a way that nothing else can."Beethoven nodded, his expression softening. "I'm glad to hear that," he said, his voice low and contemplative. "Music has always been my truest companion, my means of expressing the inexpressible. It is a language that transcends the boundaries of time and space, connecting us all in a shared experience of the human condition."I listened, enraptured, as he spoke, his words resonating with me ona deep, almost visceral level. I had always known that Beethoven wasa genius, but in that moment, I saw him as something more – a man who had poured his very soul into his art, a man who had touched the lives of countless others through the power of his music.As we continued to converse, I found myself drawn deeper and deeper into Beethoven's world, captivated by his insights, his passion, and his unwavering dedication to his craft. He spoke of the struggles he had faced, the personal tragedies he had endured, and how his music had been a lifeline that had kept him tethered to the world even as his hearing slowly slipped away.And in that moment, I realized that Beethoven was not just a composer, not just a musical icon – he was a human being, a complex and multifaceted individual who had faced his own share of challenges and triumphs. His music, I understood, was not just a collection of notes and harmonies, but a reflection of the very essence of the human experience, a testament to the resilience and the power of the human spirit.As our conversation drew to a close, Beethoven looked at me with a knowing smile. "Thank you for taking the time to listen," he said, his voice barely above a whisper. "It is a rare gift to find someone who truly understands the language of music."I nodded, my eyes filled with a mixture of reverence and gratitude."The privilege is all mine, sir," I replied, my voice thick with emotion. "Thank you for sharing your gift with the world."With that, Beethoven rose from the bench, his movements slow and deliberate, and as he walked away, I watched his retreating figure with a sense of awe and wonder. In that brief encounter, I had been granted a glimpse into the mind and the heart of a true musical genius, a man whose legacy would continue to inspire and captivate generations to come.And as I made my way back through the winding streets of Vienna, I couldn't help but feel that my life had been forever changed by that chance meeting with the legendary Ludwig van Beethoven.。
一．劳伦斯·韦努蒂的基本信息及其主张：劳伦斯·韦努蒂 Lawrence Venuti（1953年—）学者，大学英语教授，专职翻译家，美籍意大利人，生于费城南部（此区域居住者多为意大利裔），七十年代早期在天普大学攻读英语文学，1980年获哥伦比亚大学博士学位。
主要著作：主编论文集《对翻译的重新思考:语篇、主体性与意识形态》（RethinkingTranslation: Discourse, Subjectivity,Ideology),（1992）、《译者的隐身一部翻译史》（Translator's Invisibility: A History ofTranslation)（1995）《不光彩的翻译》（The Scandals of Translation: Towards anEthics of Difference)（1998）.韦努蒂把解构主义的翻译思想付诸实施，提出了反对译文通顺的翻译策略。
其目的是：在思想意识上反对殖民主义的翻译观和英美民族中心主义和帝国主义文化价值观；在翻译原则和方法上，提创“存异”而不是“求同”。
通过对英美翻译历史的研究，他得出英美文化中译者和译作实际上处于“隐形”状态。
造成译者隐形的原因是由于归化翻译是英美翻译界的主流翻译方法所致。
鉴于归化翻译是英美翻译作品是主流翻译方法，而译者在这些翻译作品中都是“隐形人”。
Venuti主张“异化”翻译，号召译者采取抵抗翻译策略，以显示自己在翻译中的存在。
Venuti的异化翻译法归因于19世纪德国哲学家Schleiermacher的翻译论说：the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him. “译者尽量不惊动原作者，让读者向他靠近。
”VENUTI异化翻译理论中存在的问题:由于Venuti过分关注政治对翻译方法的影响，其所提倡的异化翻译理论忽视了文学翻译的主要目的，没有考虑到接受者的需求。
A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defense was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。
我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯达罗。
担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉詹宁斯布莱恩，他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。
A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。
关于简爱论文（共五则范文）第一篇：关于简爱论文论简爱对传统“灰姑娘” 的反抗【摘要】：作为世界童话著名形象的“灰姑娘”一直以来都是以男人为主体的父权社会的产物。
她命运悲惨，等待男人的救赎。
成为男人的附庸。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特笔下的简爱有着跟“灰姑娘”相同的命运。
虽然在她也不能免俗，对男人在一定程度上显示了其依赖性，但她的人格独立和平等意识却对传统的“灰姑娘”形象模式进行了全新的诠释。
【关键词】：灰姑娘；简爱；传统；反叛1、与同样身世凄惨的灰姑娘相比。
简爱并没有在恶势力，欺压她的人面前让步，而是昂起头，挺起胸，用坚定的声音向这个由男人控制的不公平的世界发出了自己的最强音在传统的童话故事中，“灰姑娘”总是处在社会的底层。
遭受社会的欺凌。
但是命运却让她邂逅了“白马王子”，得到了王子的爱情，并和王子过着幸福的生活。
在这种童话故事中，“王子”们是“灰姑娘”们的救赎。
因此，“灰姑娘”的形象还是由传统社会中的男人们制定的。
在父权制的社会结构中，根据男性需要而建构的这种灰姑娘的形象，她们应当是柔弱，依赖，谦恭和听话的，甘愿为他人做出奉献，并等待着男人的施舍和救赎。
“可怜的小女儿默默地忍受着这一切，有苦只往肚里咽，她不敢对父亲讲后母的半句不是，那样，父亲反而会责备她，因为他对老婆言听计从”。
从表面上看，夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》完全是由这种传统的“灰姑娘”小说题材建构起来的——一个平凡的女主人公。
得到一个有钱男人的青睐，并最终嫁给对方，过上了美满的婚姻生活。
然而，作者脱离父权制文化对女性角色的传统界定，比与她同时期的小说家更大胆地对女性自我进行重新定义。
正如灰姑娘的命运，《简爱》中的女主角也遭受了一系列坎坷，悲惨的生活经历。
在盖兹海德府和劳渥德学校，小简爱遭到了由自己的“孤儿”身世所带来的歧视和虐待。
成年后，在桑菲尔德庄园，在简爱与罗彻斯待的感情之路上，作者又构造了一个疯女人伯莎和一个坏女人英格拉姆小姐这两个障碍。
名著英文简介第一篇：名著英文简介探讨杜拉斯《情人》和《来自中国北方的情人》两部作品的叙事体裁。
这两部作品既非作者自传,也非一般小说,而是一种具有浓厚自传意味和小说色彩、又兼有其他文艺体裁因素的新型叙事作品。
读者在其中可以窥见当今各种文学、艺术乃至各个学科之间相互渗透、相互据有的种种多元现象,而这一切皆服务于表现心灵欲望的真实这样一个主题。
【英文摘要】 This article tries to explore the genre in Duras' Lover and Lover from North of China.Not only can the two works be simply perceived as the author's autobiography, but they do not fall into the category of novel.They actually are a new-type narrative form with profound interest of autobiography and novel flavor as well as other forms of literature and art, in which readers can deeply experience the pluralistic phenomena of mutual infiltration and mutual containment.All of these serve for embodying the th...长发公主影评我们都习惯了童话故事里王子和公主的完美结局。
所以迪斯尼这次翻新了，不是公主配王子，而是公主配盗贼---当然是个英俊盗贼！这位暴力公主还会用她瀑布般的长发绑架一个帅气小偷，与她一同去外面广阔的世界冒险，故事可谓非常具有“女权”色彩。
翻译学必读1语文和诠释学派二十世纪之前的翻译理论被纽马克（1981）称为翻译研究的‘前语言学时期’，人们围绕‘word-for-word’和‘sense-for-sense’展开激烈的讨论，核心是‘忠实’，‘神似’和‘真理’。
典型的代表有John Dryden, Tytler等，而Barnard, Steiner等人则是在他们的基础上进一步发展。
2语言学派Jacobson(1959)提出意义对等的问题，随后的二十多当年，学界围绕这个问题进行了研究。
奈达（1969）采取了转换语法模式，运用“科学（奈达语）”的方法来分析他翻译《圣经》过程中的意义处理问题。
奈达提出的形式对等说、动态对等说和等效原则都是将注意力集中在受众一方。
纽马克信奉的是语义翻译和交际翻译，即重视翻译中的语义和交际方面。
3话语分析Discourse Analysis （critical discourse analysis批评话语分析functional discourse analysis功能语篇分析Discourse analysis theory话语分析理论Discourse Analysis for Interpreters翻译专业演说分析Pragmatics & Discourse Analysis语用学positive discourse analysis积极话语分析rhetorical or discourse analysis语篇分析Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis语用学Mediated discourse analysis中介话语分析二十世纪七十年代到九十年代，作为应用语言学领域的一个分支，话语分析经历了产生和发展壮大的过程，其理论背景来自M.K.Halliday（韩礼德）的系统功能语法。
今天，话语分析的方法已经逐步运用到翻译研究中。
House(1997)提出的翻译质量模型就是基于韩礼德的理论，他吸收了其中的语域分析方法；Baker(1992) 则为培养译员提供了话语分析和语用分析的范本；Hatim和Mason(1997)将语域研究拓展到语用和符号学角度4目的学派目的学派于二十世纪七、八十年代在德国兴起，是从静态的语言学、语言类型学中剥离出来的。
介绍外国名著人物海伦凯勒英语作文Helen Keller, the protagonist of the famous autobiographical work "The Story of My Life," is a remarkable figure whose life story has inspired countless people around the world. Born in 1880 in Alabama, she lost her sight and hearing as a result of an illness in early childhood. Despite facing such immense challenges, Helen refused to be limited by her disabilities. With the help of her dedicated teacher, Anne Sullivan, she learned to communicate through touch and went on to become a prominent author and advocate for the rights of people with disabilities.Helen's journey of overcoming adversity and achieving remarkable success is a testament to the strength of the human spirit. Her unwavering determination and resilience in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles serve as an inspiration to all who are struggling with their ownchallenges. Through her tireless efforts, Helen not only transformed her own life but also made significant contributions to the advancement of education andopportunities for individuals with disabilities.Furthermore, Helen's story serves as a powerful reminderof the importance of empathy, compassion, and understanding towards others. Her experiences highlight the profound impact that dedicated support and belief in one's potential can have on an individual's life. By sharing her story, Helen has helped to foster greater awareness and appreciation for the unique abilities and perspectives of people with disabilities, promoting a more inclusive and equitable society for all.In conclusion, Helen Keller's remarkable journey embodies the values of perseverance, courage, and compassion. Her enduring legacy continues to inspire and resonate with people of all backgrounds, reminding us of the boundless potential that lies within each of us. As we reflect on her life andachievements, we are reminded of the importance of embracing diversity and overcoming challenges with grace and determination. Helen Keller's story will continue to serve as a source of strength and inspiration for generations to come.。
The following passage is an excerpt from the article Interpreters to the World by Lawrence Elliott, which will give us a better picture of the profession of interpreting.Interpreters to the WorldAt a banquet in 1945, marking the end of a Second World War summit meeting in Yalta, Stalin rose to propose a toast: “To those whose work is arduous indeed. We rely on them to convey our every word, so that even tonight, as we relax and enjoy ourselves, they must labour on. Let us drink then to the interpreters.”These days, as leaders of all nations come together more and more often to strengthen ties or resolve differences, international spokesmen rely heavily on expert linguists to transmit –often by simultaneous translation. Like electricity, a good interpreter is never noticed unless something goes wrong. The pressure is terrific. One diplomatic interpreter offered a wry description of himself as a man with a ruined liver and worse nerves.There are two dozens or so recognized interpreters’ schools in Europe and America. To be admitted to these schools, an applicant must hold a bachelor’s degree and be as proficient in at least two foreign languages as he is in his own. He also must be equipped with a razor-sharp mind, split-second reaction, the temperament of a cow and the stamina of a bull, for the two to four-year course covers the whole range of subjects, from art to zoology. In the practice class, the students are bombarded with idioms, clichés, accents, slang and humour of the language, all intended to make them respond automatically without wasting time mulling over mere words. Interpretation is not a literal translation of the speaker’s words. It is the meaning that counts, as well as the art of conveying its impact. Delegates listening to an impassioned orator are never surprised to note that the man in the glass booth is thrashing his arms with equal fervor.Nearly all interpreters subscribe to foreign periodicals in order to refresh their language capability. Some specialize in highly technical fields and become near-experts. The sole aim of this endless process of self-education is to put the interpreter on roughly the same cultural level as the man he is translating for. “We will never be able to perform a heart transplant,” says Miss Danica Seleskovitch, who is in charge of the interpreter’s school at the University of Paris, “but we must certainly master the terminology well enough to explain it.”Most interpreters agree that their really unsettling moments come when the speaker makes a joke involving an untranslatable play on words. “There is hardly anything people are more sensitive about than the jokes they tell,”Miss Seleskovitch says, “and it is very uncomfortable for everyone when the speakeris overcome with laughter at his own humour and everyone stares at him blankly.” In an extreme instance, she once solved this problem by quietly informing the delegates, “The speaker has just made a pun which cannot be translated. Please laugh. It would please him very much.” To her enormous relief, they did.It was not until the turn of the century that the interpreting art came into its own. Previously, exchanges between nations were conducted by career diplomats, and almost always in French. With the end of the First World War, heads of state and heads of government met face to face at the peace conference in Versailles –and discovered they could communicate only with great difficulty. Conferences that should have ended in hours dragged on for days.Simultaneous translation/interpretation changed all that. The speaker talks into a microphone linked to a sound-proof booth just off the assembly room floor. There the interpreter speaking into a second microphone translates the speech for the benefit of those who don’t understand the original language, all of whom wear an ear-piece no bigger than a hearing aid.Inside the little booth, however, the atmosphere is invariably charged with tension, and stress is usually most severe in the German booth. Since the verb comes last in a German sentence, there is no way of anticipating what a speaker will say. If the sentence is long and involved, there is no chance of understanding it until many nerve-racking minutes have passed.There are those who believe that the age-old problem of how best to translate the thoughts of men from one language to another will yield to the magic of the electronic age. In 1966, the US National Research Council published its findings on the proficiency of translating machine that took ten years to build and cost £ 8 million. It was, said the report, 21 percent slower than a skilled human.。
