(完整版)网考试卷1答案
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第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅店). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you' ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) withsecurity and comfort.Yellow hostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It' s affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus it's close to the main train stationHostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summerYouth station HostelIf you' re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits too; it doesn't charge city tax it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it' s close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?A. Comfort B Security C Price D Location22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A. Yellow HostelB. Hostel Alessandro PalaceC. Youth station hostelD. Hotel and Hostel Des artistes23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?A It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative. C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.BBy day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova - not as a musician but as her page turner. “I' m not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound bydoing it themselves. He said he became just nervous as those playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot. Mr Titterton explained.Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, Mr Titterton said, "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say :"Turn, turn!Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?A. Read musicB. Play the pianoC. Sing songsD. Fix the instruments25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?A. boring.B. Well-paidC. Demanding. D dangerous26. What does Titterton need to practise?A. Counting the pages.B. Recognizing the noddingC. Catching falling objects.D. Performing in his own style.27. Why is Ms raspopova’s husband“ the worse page turner”?A. He has very poor eyesight.B. He ignores the audience.C. He has no interest in musicD. He forgets to do his jobCWhen the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的))waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed byPresident Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire B Export C. Destroy D. Distribute30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown awayC. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird HuntingDPopularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分12.5 分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分)1. 阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
(3分)在当今社会,人工智能的发展日新月异,给我们的生活带来了诸多便利。
然而,人工智能的快速发展也引发了一系列伦理问题。
以下是对人工智能伦理问题的几点思考:①人工智能的发展使得机器能够替代人类完成许多工作,但同时也带来了失业问题。
②人工智能的决策过程缺乏透明度,可能导致不公平现象。
③人工智能的道德责任归属问题尚不明确。
④人工智能的隐私保护问题亟待解决。
请根据上述材料,简要概括人工智能伦理问题的主要表现。
(3分)答案:①失业问题;②决策不透明;③道德责任归属不明;④隐私保护问题。
2. 阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
(6分)以下是对人工智能伦理问题的几种解决思路:①加强人工智能伦理教育,提高公众的伦理意识。
②建立健全人工智能伦理法规,规范人工智能的发展。
③推动人工智能技术研发,确保人工智能的决策过程透明、公正。
④加强人工智能隐私保护,尊重个人隐私。
请根据上述材料,分析解决人工智能伦理问题的可行性和局限性。
(6分)答案:可行性:加强伦理教育可以提高公众的伦理意识,建立健全法规可以规范人工智能的发展,推动技术研发可以确保决策透明公正,加强隐私保护可以尊重个人隐私。
局限性:伦理教育效果有限,法规制定难度大,技术研发需要时间,隐私保护存在技术难题。
(二)文学类文本阅读(15分)3. 阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
(6分)《边城》(节选)傩送在雨中哀哀欲绝,老船夫在船上劝他:“不要痴了,这边的光景,你更不忍看了。
地方像茶峒那么好看的地方,集中在这一县里,象边城这样的村子,除了这个,只怕不多了。
你懂得,这天下事尽可由得人安排,守船的是个坏蛋,这理也难问。
可是一个碧绿的小姑娘,不能受欺侮。
ERVED你明白,一切要自己安排。
你应当守着船,等待那个人来。
”傩送把船头进了岸,在窗里坐了一夜。
第二天,他起来烧湿了的衣服,用溪水洗了脸,把傩送托他的衣服全部在日光下晾晒着。
《国家电网公司电力安全工作规程》考试试卷线路部分一、单选题(每题0.5分,计20分)1.动火工作票至少应保存( B ) 。
A. 6个月B. 1年C. 18个月D. 2年2.所有电气设备的( A ) 均应有良好的接地装置。
使用中不准将接地装置拆除或对其进行任何工作。
A. 金属外壳B. 绝缘部分C. 电机部分D. 导电部分3.卸扣应是锻造的,且不准( B ) 。
A. 纵向受力B. 横向受力C. 侧向受力D. 两侧受力4.任何人发现有违反本规程的情况,应( A ) ,经纠正后才能恢复作业。
A. 立即制止B. 立即报告领导C. 停止作业D. 批评教育5.操作后无法看到设备实际位置,需通过各类信号进行判断时,至少应有( D ) 指示发生对应变化,且所有这些确定的指示均已同时发生对应变化,方可确认该设备已操作到位。
A. 两个非同样原理B. 两个非同源的C. 两个同样原理和同源的D. 两个非同样原理或非同源的6.动火工作票一般至少一式三份,一份由工作负责人收执、一份由( B ) 收执、一份保存在安监部门或动火部门。
A. 运维许可人B. 动火执行人C. 消防监护人D. 技术负责人7.起重机上应备有灭火装置,驾驶室内应铺( D ) ,禁止存放易燃物品。
A. 布垫B. 纤维垫C. 塑料垫D. 橡胶绝缘垫8.跨越架的中心应在线路中心线上,宽度应超出所施放或拆除线路的两边各( D ) m,架顶两侧应装设外伸羊角。
A. 0.5B. 1.0C. 1.2D. 1.59.参与公司系统所承担电气工作的外单位或外来工作人员应熟悉本规程,经考试合格,并经( B ) 认可,方可参加工作。
A. 相关单位分管领导B. 设备运维管理单位C. 安全监督管理部门D. 调度控制中心10.作业时,起重机臂架、吊具、辅具、钢丝绳及吊物等与10kV架空输电线及其他带电体的最小安全距离不准小于( C ) m。
且应设专人监护。
A. 1B. 1.5C. 3D. 3.511.工作许可手续完成后,工作负责人、专责监护人应向工作班成员交待工作内容、人员分工、带电部位和现场安全措施、进行危险点告知,并履行确认手续,( B ) ,工作班方可开始工作。
2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷 1)英 语(试题及答案)本试卷分第 I 卷(选择题)和第 II 卷(非选择题)两部分。
考试结束后 , 将本试卷和 答题卡一并交回。
第 I 卷第一部分 听力 (共两节 , 满分 30 分 )做题时 , 先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后 , 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 ( 共 5 小题 ; 每小题分 , 满分分 )听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题 选项 , 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后 读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £ .B. £ .答案是 C 。
1. What time is it now? A. 9:10B. 9:50 2. Whatdoes the woman think of the weather? A. It ' s n.ice will the man do?A. Attend a meeting.从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳 , 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅C. £ .C. 10:00C. It ' s .coldC. Leave his office.s opinion about the course?5. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节 (共 15 小题 ; 每小题分 , 满分分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题 , 从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个项 中选出最佳选项 , 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前 , 你将有时间阅读各个小题 每小题 5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。
专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪个不是计算机网络的基本功能?()A. 数据传输B. 资源共享C. 提高计算机性能D. 降低通信成本答案:D2. 在操作系统中,下列哪个不属于进程的基本状态?()A. 运行B. 阻塞C. 等待D. 结束答案:D3. 下列哪种算法不属于排序算法?()A. 冒泡排序B. 快速排序C. 插入排序D. 查找排序答案:D4. 在数据库系统中,下列哪个术语表示表中的记录?()A. 元组B. 字段C. 属性D. 关系答案:A5. 下列哪种编程语言属于面向对象编程语言?()A. CB. JavaC. PascalD. Fortran答案:B二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. 计算机网络的目的是实现数据传输和资源共享。
()答案:√2. 在操作系统中,进程和线程是同一个概念。
()答案:×3. 冒泡排序的时间复杂度为O(n^2)。
()答案:√4. 关系型数据库中的表之间可以通过外键实现数据完整性约束。
()答案:√5. C++语言支持面向对象编程。
()答案:√三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. 计算机网络按覆盖范围可分为局域网、城域网和______。
答案:广域网2. 在操作系统中,进程与线程的主要区别是______。
答案:是否具有独立的内存空间3. 常见的排序算法有冒泡排序、快速排序和______。
答案:插入排序4. 数据库管理系统(DBMS)负责数据库的______、______、______和______。
答案:创建、维护、查询和删除5. Java语言具有跨平台特性,这是因为它使用了______。
答案:Java虚拟机(JVM)四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 请简要说明TCP和UDP的区别。
答案:TCP(传输控制协议)提供面向连接、可靠的数据传输服务,具有流量控制、拥塞控制和错误重传等功能。
UDP(用户数据报协议)提供无连接、不可靠的数据传输服务,传输速度快,但可能存在数据丢失、重复和顺序错误等问题。
2021年高考语文(全国卷Ⅰ)参考答案(最新版)-Word文档,下载后可任意编辑和处理-2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文(全国Ⅰ)参考答案一、1-4 CBAA二、5-7 CBB三、8-10 DCD四、11.(1)现在成为百姓的祸害,使酷吏的过失,而劳民伤财并不是体恤百姓的根本方法。
(2)大多数忠心的臣子坚持道义,没有贰心,如果害怕皇帝的威严而不坚持正义,我即使死,也不改变我的志愿。
12.(1)体现的是一种作者始终无法排遣的郁郁不得志的苦闷,有极力想把这种苦闷暂时排遣的心情。
(2)“情”的角度:作者把他的细腻难以觉察的郁郁之情巧妙的融合在景物与动作的描写中,使全词勾勒的画面都隐隐浮现这种淡淡却无法排遣的情感。
“景”的角度:细风、斜柳、烟雨中春水和城中之花,这些景物无不与本词所表现的感情相契合,体现了作者深厚的寓情于景的功力。
13.(1)以为轮虽有槁曝使之然也金就砺则利君子博学而日参省乎(2)哀民生之多艰也人亦念其家奈何取之尽锱铢多歧路直挂云帆济沧海五、14.不畏困难,敢于向命运抗争。
用意:突出大西北环境的恶劣和人的顽强意志。
15.(1)大西北环境的恶劣与生命的顽强会让人经受历练而变得坚强。
(2)南方的环境过于温和比不上大西北更能让人经受历练和磨练意志。
16.表现手法:比喻、拟人、对比。
好处:形象生动,能够突出表现胡杨林的顽强意志。
17.以戈壁石来代表大西北将自己与大西北的感情浓缩于对一块戈壁石的感情上,以小见大,深化主旨。
六、18.①将惊悉改为获悉②将造访改为探望③将阁下改为您老④将馈赠改为敬献19.(1)必须删去的是⑤不能删去的是③④⑥⑦⑨⑩20.梦想轻盈,绮丽,就如一颗流星,划亮整个夜空。
现实真切,朴实,仿佛步步足迹,踏遍人生旅程。
七、作文。
略。
国家电网招聘考试计算机类专业知识(信息新技术)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题 3. 判断题单项选择题1.一个普通的Linux服务器在Google文件系统中相当于( )。
A.一个master节点B.多个chunkserverC.多个clientD.以上说法均不正确正确答案:A解析:Google文件系统(GFS)包括一个master节点(元数据服务器)、多个chunkserver(数据服务器)和多个client(运行各种应用的客户端)。
其中,每个节点都是普通的Linux服务器,而Google文件系统的工作就是协调成百上千的服务器,为各种应用提供服务。
知识模块:信息新技术2.云计算作为中国移动蓝海战略的一个重要部分,于2007年由移动研究院组织力量,联合中科院计算所,着手起步了( )项目。
A.“国家云”B.“蓝天”C.“蓝云”D.“大云”正确答案:D解析:云计算作为中国移动蓝海战略的一个重要部分,于2007年由移动研究院组织力量,联合中科院计算所,着手起步了一个称为“大云”的项目。
蓝云是IBM推出的计算平台。
知识模块:信息新技术3.云计算面临一个很大的问题,即( )问题。
A.安全B.存储C.计算D.服务器正确答案:A解析:目前云计算技术存在的主要问题是安全问题。
知识模块:信息新技术4.( )是目前最大的云计算技术的使用者。
A.SalesforceB.MicrosoftC.GiwellD.Google正确答案:D解析:Google是目前最大的云计算技术的使用者。
Google搜索引擎就建立在分布在200多个地点、超过100万台服务器的支撑之上,这些设施的数量正在迅猛增长。
知识模块:信息新技术5.云计算把计算资源都放到( )上。
A.广域网B.无线网C.对等网D.互联网正确答案:D解析:云就是异地存储和计算,是一种交互式的变动性的概念,存在于和存储计算有关的各个方面,它是一种技术发展趋势。
1.考试试卷( 1 )卷一、填空题(本题共8小题,每空1分,共20分)1、电子技术包括______________和电力电子技术两大分支,通常所说的模拟电子技术和数字电子技术就属于前者。
2、为减少自身损耗,提高效率,电力电子器件一般都工作在_________状态。
当器件的工作频率较高时,_________损耗会成为主要的损耗。
3、在PWM控制电路中,载波频率与调制信号频率之比称为_____________,当它为常数时的调制方式称为_________调制。
在逆变电路的输出频率范围划分成若干频段,每个频段内载波频率与调制信号频率之比为桓定的调制方式称为____________调制。
4、面积等效原理指的是,_________相等而_______不同的窄脉冲加在具有惯性的环节上时,其效果基本相同。
5、在GTR、GTO、IGBT与MOSFET中,开关速度最快的是_________,单管输出功率最大的是_____________,应用最为广泛的是___________。
6、设三相电源的相电压为U2,三相半波可控整流电路接电阻负载时,晶闸管可能承受的最大反向电压为电源线电压的峰值,即,其承受的最大正向电压为。
7、逆变电路的负载如果接到电源,则称为逆变,如果接到负载,则称为逆变。
8、如下图,指出单相半桥电压型逆变电路工作过程中各时间段电流流经的通路(用V1,VD1,V2,VD2表示)。
(1) 0~t1时间段内,电流的通路为________;(2) t1~t2时间段内,电流的通路为_______;(3) t2~t3时间段内,电流的通路为_______;(4) t3~t4时间段内,电流的通路为_______;(5) t4~t5时间段内,电流的通路为_______;二、选择题(本题共10小题,前4题每题2分,其余每题1分,共14分)1、单相桥式PWM逆变电路如下图,单极性调制工作时,在电压的正半周是()A、V1与V4导通,V2与V3关断B、V1常通,V2常断,V3与V4交替通断C、V1与V4关断,V2与V3导通D、V1常断,V2常通,V3与V4交替通断2、对于单相交流调压电路,下面说法错误的是()A、晶闸管的触发角大于电路的功率因素角时,晶闸管的导通角小于180度B、晶闸管的触发角小于电路的功率因素角时,必须加宽脉冲或脉冲列触发,电路才能正常工作C、晶闸管的触发角小于电路的功率因素角正常工作并达到稳态时,晶闸管的导通角为180度D、晶闸管的触发角等于电路的功率因素角时,晶闸管的导通角不为180度3、在三相三线交流调压电路中,输出电压的波形如下图所示,在t1~t2时间段内,有()晶闸管导通。
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)英语注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. Where are the speakers?A. At a swimming pool.B. In a clothing shop.C. At a school lab.2. What will Tom do next?A. Turn down the music.B. Postpone the show.C. Stop practicing.3. What is the woman busy doing?A. Working on a paper.B. Tidying up the office.C. Organizing a party.4. When will Henry start his vacation?A. This weekend.B. Next week.C. At the end of August.5. What does Donna offer to do for Bill?A. Book a flight for him.B. Drive him to the airport.C. Help him park the car.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅰ)文数本卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合A={0,2},B={-2,-1,0,1,2},则A∩B=()A.{0,2}B.{1,2}C.{0}D.{-2,-1,0,1,2}2.设z=1-i1+i+2i,则|z|=( )A.0B.12C.1D.√23.某地区经过一年的新农村建设,农村的经济收入增加了一倍,实现翻番.为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况,统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例,得到如下饼图:则下面结论中不正确的是( )A.新农村建设后,种植收入减少B.新农村建设后,其他收入增加了一倍以上C.新农村建设后,养殖收入增加了一倍D.新农村建设后,养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半4.已知椭圆C:x 2a2+y24=1的一个焦点为(2,0),则C的离心率为( )A.13B.12C.√22D.2√235.已知圆柱的上、下底面的中心分别为O1,O2,过直线O1O2的平面截该圆柱所得的截面是面积为8的正方形,则该圆柱的表面积为( )A.12√2πB.12πC.8√2πD.10π6.设函数f(x)=x3+(a-1)x2+ax.若f(x)为奇函数,则曲线y=f(x)在点(0,0)处的切线方程为( )A.y=-2xB.y=-xC.y=2xD.y=x7.在△ABC 中,AD 为BC 边上的中线,E 为AD 的中点,则EB⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =( ) A.34AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ -14AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ B.14AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ -34AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ C.34AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +14AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ D.14AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +34AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 8.已知函数f(x)=2cos 2x-sin 2x+2,则( ) A. f(x)的最小正周期为π,最大值为3 B. f(x)的最小正周期为π,最大值为4 C. f(x)的最小正周期为2π,最大值为3 D. f(x)的最小正周期为2π,最大值为49.某圆柱的高为2,底面周长为16,其三视图如图.圆柱表面上的点M 在正视图上的对应点为A,圆柱表面上的点N 在左视图上的对应点为B,则在此圆柱侧面上,从M 到N 的路径中,最短路径的长度为( )A.2√17B.2√5C.3D.210.在长方体ABCD-A 1B 1C 1D 1中,AB=BC=2,AC 1与平面BB 1C 1C 所成的角为30°,则该长方体的体积为( ) A.8B.6√2C.8√2D.8√311.已知角α的顶点为坐标原点,始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合,终边上有两点A(1,a),B(2,b),且cos 2α=23,则|a-b|=( ) A.15B.√55C.2√55D.112.设函数f(x)={2-x ,x ≤0,1,x >0,则满足f(x+1)<f(2x)的x 的取值范围是( )A.(-∞,-1]B.(0,+∞)C.(-1,0)D.(-∞,0)第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分)二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知函数f(x)=log 2(x 2+a).若f(3)=1,则a= .14.若x,y 满足约束条件{x -2y -2≤0,x -y +1≥0,y ≤0,则z=3x+2y 的最大值为 .15.直线y=x+1与圆x 2+y 2+2y-3=0交于A,B 两点,则|AB|= .16.△ABC 的内角A,B,C 的对边分别为a,b,c,已知bsin C+csin B=4asin Bsin C,b 2+c 2-a 2=8,则△ABC 的面积为 .三、解答题:共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.(一)必考题:共60分..17.(12分)已知数列{a n}满足a1=1,na n+1=2(n+1)a n.设b n=a nn(1)求b1,b2,b3;(2)判断数列{b n}是否为等比数列,并说明理由;(3)求{a n}的通项公式.18.(12分)如图,在平行四边形ABCM中,AB=AC=3,∠ACM=90°.以AC为折痕将△ACM折起,使点M到达点D的位置,且AB⊥DA.(1)证明:平面ACD⊥平面ABC;DA,求三棱锥Q-ABP的体积.(2)Q为线段AD上一点,P为线段BC上一点,且BP=DQ=2319.(12分)某家庭记录了未使用节水龙头50天的日用水量数据(单位:m3)和使用了节水龙头50天的日用水量数据,得到频数分布表如下:未使用节水龙头50天的日用水量频数分布表日用水量[0,0.1) [0.1,0.2) [0.2,0.3) [0.3,0.4) [0.4,0.5) [0.5,0.6) [0.6,0.7)频数 1 3 2 4 9 26 5使用了节水龙头50天的日用水量频数分布表日用水量[0,0.1) [0.1,0.2) [0.2,0.3) [0.3,0.4) [0.4,0.5) [0.5,0.6)频数 1 5 13 10 16 5(1)作出使用了节水龙头50天的日用水量数据的频率分布直方图;(2)估计该家庭使用节水龙头后,日用水量小于0.35 m3的概率;(3)估计该家庭使用节水龙头后,一年能节省多少水.(一年按365天计算,同一组中的数据以这组数据所在区间中点的值作代表)20.(12分)设抛物线C:y2=2x,点A(2,0),B(-2,0),过点A的直线l与C交于M,N两点.(1)当l与x轴垂直时,求直线BM的方程;(2)证明:∠ABM=∠ABN.21.(12分)已知函数f(x)=ae x-ln x-1.(1)设x=2是f(x)的极值点,求a,并求f(x)的单调区间;时, f(x)≥0.(2)证明:当a≥1e(二)选考题:共10分.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答.如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.22.[选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程](10分)在直角坐标系xOy中,曲线C1的方程为y=k|x|+2.以坐标原点为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线C2的极坐标方程为ρ2+2ρcos θ-3=0.(1)求C2的直角坐标方程;(2)若C1与C2有且仅有三个公共点,求C1的方程.23.[选修4—5:不等式选讲](10分) 已知f(x)=|x+1|-|ax-1|.(1)当a=1时,求不等式f(x)>1的解集;(2)若x∈(0,1)时不等式f(x)>x 成立,求a 的取值范围.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅰ)一、选择题 答案速查ACACBDABBCBD1.A 本题主要考查集合的基本运算.∵A={0,2},B={-2,-1,0,1,2},∴A∩B={0,2},故选A. 2.C ∵z=1-i1+i +2i=(1-i )2(1+i )(1-i )+2i=1-2i -12+2i=i,∴|z|=|i|=1,故选C. 3.A 本题主要考查统计图.设建设前经济收入为a,则建设后经济收入为2a,由题图可得下表:种植收入第三产业收入其他收入养殖收入建设前经济收入0.6a 0.06a 0.04a 0.3a 建设后经济收入0.74a 0.56a 0.1a 0.6a根据上表可知B、C、D均正确,A不正确,故选A.4.C 本题主要考查椭圆的方程及其几何性质.由题意可知c=2,b2=4,∴a2=b2+c2=4+22=8,则a=2√2,∴e=ca =2√2=√22,故选C.5.B 本题主要考查圆柱的表面积及圆柱的轴截面.设圆柱的底面半径为r,高为h,由题意可知2r=h=2√2,∴圆柱的表面积S=2πr2+2πr·h=4π+8π=12π.故选B.6.D 本题主要考查函数的奇偶性及导数的几何意义.∵f(x)=x3+(a-1)x2+ax为奇函数,∴a-1=0,得a=1,∴f(x)=x3+x,∴f '(x)=3x2+1,∴f '(0)=1,则曲线y=f(x)在点(0,0)处的切线方程为y=x,故选D.7.A 本题主要考查平面向量的线性运算及几何意义.∵E 是AD 的中点,∴EA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =-12AD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,∴EB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =EA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =-12AD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,又知D 为BC 的中点,∴AD ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =12(AB⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ),因此EB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =-14(AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )+AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =34AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ -14AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,故选A.8.B 本题主要考查三角恒等变换及三角函数的性质. f(x)=2cos 2x-sin 2x+2=2(1-sin 2x)-sin 2x+2=4-3sin 2x=4-3×1-cos2x 2=52+3cos2x2,∴f(x)的最小正周期T=π,当cos 2x=1时,f(x)取最大值,为4.故选B.9.B 本题主要考查空间几何体的三视图、直观图以及最短路径.由圆柱的三视图及已知条件可知点M 与点N 的位置如图1所示,设ME 与FN 为圆柱的两条母线,沿FN 将圆柱侧面展开,如图2所示,MN 即为从M 到N 的最短路径,由题知,ME=2,EN=4,∴MN=√42+22=2√5.故选B.图1图210.C 本题主要考查长方体的体积及直线与平面所成的角.如图,由长方体的性质可得AB⊥平面BCC 1B 1, ∴BC 1为直线AC 1在平面BCC 1B 1内的射影, ∴∠AC 1B 为直线AC 1与平面BCC 1B 1所成的角, 即∠AC 1B=30°,在Rt△ABC 1中,AB=2,∠AC 1B=30°,∴BC 1=2√3,在Rt△BCC 1中,CC 1=√BC 12-BC 2=√(2√3)2-22=2√2,∴该长方体的体积V=2×2×2√2=8√2,故选C.11.B 本题主要考查三角函数的定义及三角恒等变换. 由题可知tan α=b -a 2-1=b-a,又cos 2α=cos 2α-sin 2α=cos 2α-sin 2αcos 2α+sin 2α=1-tan 2α1+tan 2α=1-(b -a )21+(b -a )2=23,∴5(b -a)2=1,得(b-a)2=15,即|b-a|=√55,故选B.12.D 本题主要考查分段函数及不等式的解法. 函数f(x)={2-x ,x ≤0,1,x >0的图象如图所示:由f(x+1)<f(2x)得{2x <0,2x <x +1,得{x <0,x <1.∴x<0,故选D.二、填空题 13.答案 -7解析 本题主要考查函数的解析式及对数的运算. ∵f(x)=log 2(x 2+a)且f(3)=1, ∴f(3)=log 2(9+a)=1, ∴a+9=2,∴a=-7. 14.答案 6解析 本题主要考查线性规划.由x,y 满足的约束条件画出对应的可行域(如图中阴影部分所示).由图知当直线3x+2y-z=0经过点A(2,0)时,z 取得最大值,z max =2×3=6.15.答案 2√2解析 将圆x 2+y 2+2y-3=0化为标准方程为x 2+(y+1)2=4,则圆心坐标为(0,-1),半径r=2, ∴圆心到直线x-y+1=0的距离d=√2=√2,∴|AB|=2√r 2-d 2=2√22-(√2)2=2√2.16.答案2√33解析 本题主要考查正弦定理、余弦定理在解三角形中的应用以及三角形面积的求解.由已知条件及正弦定理可得2sin Bsin C=4sin A·sin Bsin C,易知sin Bsin C≠0,∴sin A=12,又b 2+c 2-a 2=8,∴cos A=b 2+c 2-a 22bc=4bc ,∴cos A>0,∴cos A=√32,即4bc =√32,∴bc=8√33, ∴△ABC 的面积S=12bcsin A=12×8√33×12=2√33.三、解答题17.解析 (1)由条件可得a n+1=2(n+1)na n .将n=1代入得,a 2=4a 1,而a 1=1,所以a 2=4. 将n=2代入得,a 3=3a 2,所以a 3=12. 从而b 1=1,b 2=2,b 3=4.(2){b n }是首项为1,公比为2的等比数列. 由条件可得a n+1n+1=2a n n,即b n+1=2b n ,又b 1=1,所以{b n }是首项为1,公比为2的等比数列.(3)由(2)可得ann =2n-1,所以a n =n·2n-1.18.解析 (1)证明:由已知可得,∠BAC=90°,BA⊥AC. 又BA⊥AD,所以AB⊥平面ACD. 又AB ⊂平面ABC, 所以平面ACD⊥平面ABC.(2)由已知可得,DC=CM=AB=3,DA=3√2. 又BP=DQ=23DA,所以BP=2√2.作QE⊥AC,垂足为E,则QE 13DC.由已知及(1)可得DC⊥平面ABC, 所以QE⊥平面ABC,QE=1. 因此,三棱锥Q-ABP 的体积为V Q-ABP =13·QE·S △ABP =13×1×12×3×2√2sin 45°=1.19.解析(1)(2)根据以上数据,该家庭使用节水龙头后50天日用水量小于0.35 m3的频率为0.2×0.1+1×0.1+2.6×0.1+2×0.05=0.48,因此该家庭使用节水龙头后日用水量小于0.35 m3的概率的估计值为0.48.(3)该家庭未使用节水龙头50天日用水量的平均数为x1=1×(0.05×1+0.15×3+0.25×2+0.35×4+0.45×9+0.55×26+0.65×5)=0.48.50该家庭使用了节水龙头后50天日用水量的平均数为x2=1×(0.05×1+0.15×5+0.25×13+0.35×10+0.45×16+0.55×5)=0.35.50估计使用节水龙头后,一年可节省水(0.48-0.35)×365=47.45(m3).20.解析(1)当l与x轴垂直时,l的方程为x=2,可得M的坐标为(2,2)或(2,-2).所以直线BM 的方程为y=12x+1或y=-12x-1.(2)当l 与x 轴垂直时,AB 为MN 的垂直平分线,所以∠ABM=∠ABN.当l 与x 轴不垂直时,设l 的方程为y=k(x-2)(k≠0),M(x 1,y 1),N(x 2,y 2),则x 1>0,x 2>0. 由{y =k (x -2),y 2=2x 得ky 2-2y-4k=0,可知y 1+y 2=2k ,y 1y 2=-4.直线BM,BN 的斜率之和为 k BM +k BN =y 1x 1+2+y 2x 2+2=x 2y 1+x 1y 2+2(y 1+y 2)(x 1+2)(x 2+2).①将x 1=y 1k +2,x 2=y2k +2及y 1+y 2,y 1y 2的表达式代入①式分子,可得 x 2y 1+x 1y 2+2(y 1+y 2)=2y 1y 2+4k (y 1+y 2)k=-8+8k=0.所以k BM +k BN =0,可知BM,BN 的倾斜角互补,所以∠ABM=∠ABN. 综上,∠ABM=∠ABN.21.解析 (1)f(x)的定义域为(0,+∞), f '(x)=ae x-1x .由题设知, f '(2)=0,所以a=12e 2.从而f(x)=12e 2e x-ln x-1, f '(x)=12e 2e x-1x . 当0<x<2时, f '(x)<0;当x>2时, f '(x)>0. 所以f(x)在(0,2)单调递减,在(2,+∞)单调递增. (2)当a≥1e 时, f(x)≥e xe -ln x-1. 设g(x)=e x e -ln x-1,则g'(x)=e x e -1x . 当0<x<1时,g'(x)<0;当x>1时,g'(x)>0. 所以x=1是g(x)的最小值点. 故当x>0时,g(x)≥g(1)=0. 因此,当a≥1e 时, f(x)≥0.22.解析 (1)由x=ρcos θ,y=ρsin θ得C 2的直角坐标方程为(x+1)2+y 2=4. (2)由(1)知C 2是圆心为A(-1,0),半径为2的圆. 由题设知,C 1是过点B(0,2)且关于y 轴对称的两条射线. 记y 轴右边的射线为l 1,y 轴左边的射线为l 2.由于B 在圆C 2的外面,故C 1与C 2有且仅有三个公共点等价于l 1与C 2只有一个公共点且l 2与C 2有两个公共点,或l 2与C 2只有一个公共点且l 1与C 2有两个公共点. 当l 1与C 2只有一个公共点时,A 到l 1所在直线的距离为2,所以√2=2,故k=-43或k=0.经检验,当k=0时,l 1与C 2没有公共点;当k=-43时,l 1与C 2只有一个公共点,l 2与C 2有两个公共点. 当l 2与C 2只有一个公共点时,A 到l 2所在直线的距离为2,所以√=2,故k=0或k=43.经检验,当k=0时,l 1与C 2没有公共点;当k=43时,l2与C2没有公共点.综上,所求C1的方程为y=-43|x|+2.23.解析(1)当a=1时, f(x)=|x+1|-|x-1|,即f(x)={-2, ≤-1,2 ,-1< <1, 2, ≥1.故不等式f(x)>1的解集为{ | >12}.(2)当x∈(0,1)时|x+1|-|ax-1|>x成立等价于当x∈(0,1)时|ax-1|<1成立. 若a≤0,则当x∈(0,1)时|ax-1|≥1;若a>0,|ax-1|<1的解集为{ |0< <2},所以2≥1,故0<a≤2.综上,a的取值范围为(0,2].。
一、交际英语(共5题)1.--____, could you please tell me where the school library is ?--Sure. It’s at the back of the campus, about five minutes’ walk from here.A. Excuse meB. Pardon meC. That’s rightD. Thank you2.--What do you think of this novel?--______A. I’ve read it.B. It’s well-written.C. It was written by my uncle.D. I bought it yesterday.3.—May I see your tickets, please?-- _______A. Sure.B. No, you can’tC. No, they are mine.D. Yes, you can.4.-- ________--Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. When did your parents arrive in Paris ?B. How long have your parents been in Paris?C. Did your parents arrive in Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris?5. – Hello, may I talk to the director now ?-- __________A. Sorry, he is busy at moment.B. No, you can’t.C. Sorry, you can’t.D. I don’t know. Ababa二、阅读理解(共10题)Passage One:We say that a person has good manners if he or she behaves politely and is kind and helpful to others. Everyone likes a person with good manners but no one likes a person with bad manners.“Yes”, you may say, “but what are good manners? How do I know what to do and what not to do?”People all over the world agree that being well-mannered really means being kind and helping others, especially to those older or weaker than ourselves. If you remember this , you will not go very far wrong.Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do.He never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind, never cruel, either to people or to animals. When people are waiting for a bus, or in a post office, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the queue. In the bus , he gives his seat to an old person or a lady who is standing. If he accidentally bumps into someone, or gets in their way, he says,“excuse me”or “I’m sorry”.He says “please ”when making a request, and“thank you”when he receives something. He stands up when speaking to a lady or an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person is seated. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much himself. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When eating, he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs.6. Being kind to ourselves is considered as being well-mannered.A. TB. F7. If you try to be kind and helpful to others, you will be considered very polite.A. TB.F8. When waiting for a bus, a well-mannered person should stand where he is and wait for his turn.A. TB. F9. According to this passage, a polite person will not speak without his mouth full of food when eating.A. TB. F10.The word “accidentally”( Line5,Para.4) means by accident.A. TB. FBAABAPassage TwoPaper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.(1)、What's the meaning of the underlined word 'parchment'? _________A:The skin of young animals.B:A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.C:The paper used by European countries.D:The paper of Egypt.答案:B(2)、Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the invention of paper? ________A:More jobs could be provided than before.B:More people could be educated than before.C:More books could be printed and distributed.D:More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.答案:A(3)、When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? ___________A:Around 1400.B:Around 1900.C:Around 400.D:Around 900.答案:A(4)、Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? _______A:China. B:Sweden.C:Egypt. D:Japan.答案:B(5)、What is the main idea of this short talk? _________A:More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B:Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C:The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D:Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.答案:C三、词汇与语法(共5题)16. I saw that she was in difficulty with all those parcels, so I offered my ______.A. serviceB. moneyC. useD. chance17. A: Must we finish the work right now?B: No, you ______. You can do it tomorrow.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t18. Did you notice the guy _______ head looked like a big potato?A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. whom19. Had you come five minutes earlier, you _____the train to Birmingham.But now you missed it.A. would catchB. would have caughtC. could catchD. should catch20. Neither John _______ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A. norB. orC. butD. andAACBA四、完型填空(共5题)Blood is very important. When doctors understand how blood goes around inside the body, they try ways of giving blood to people who need it. They take blood from the healthy people and give it to the patient in need of blood. This course is 21 “blood transfusion(输血)”.But there are two problems. First, it does not always work. Sometimes people die when they 22 blood transfusion. Later, doctors find that we do not all have the same kind of blood. There are four groups --- O,A,B and AB. We all have blood of one of these groups. They also find that they can give any kind of blood to people of group AB. But they find that they 23 give A –group blood to A-group people and B- group blood to B-group people. If a person has O- group blood and the doctor could give his blood to anyone else safely.There is another problem. To give blood of the right kind, doctors have to find a person of the right blood group. Often they cannot find a person in time. At first they find they can keep the blood in bottles for fifteen to twenty days. They do this by 24 it very cold. They find how to keep it longer in the end.One day, when you grow up, you may decide to give blood to a “blood bank”. In this way, you may stop 25 dying. Or perhaps one day you may become ill and need some blood with the same kind as yours. Then the “blood bank” will give it back to you.21.A. have B. from C. must D. making E. called22.A. have B. from C.must D. making E. called23.A. have B. from C. must D. making E. called24.A. have B. from C. must D. making E. called25.A. have B. from C. must D. making E. calledEACDB五、英译汉(共4题)26. In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.27. I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.28. All that glitters is not gold.29. He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China .30. All things are difficult before they are easy.31.A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.1.像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。