自考高级英语上册_Lesson_15_The_Beauty_Industry
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全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码:00600请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
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I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)【此处15道题目与课本内容相关联】Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II, IV, V.【此处一篇阅读理解文章,文章主旨大概为:论浩瀚的宇宙拥有无穷无尽的美丽,大自然的奇妙景观难以用言语或相片来表达及描述。
II,IV,V出题来自此文】II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)【II,IV,V出题来自上一篇阅读理解文章内】非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
2011年1月57.这一解决方式的弊端在于它已不再广泛适用。
58.当这个富足的国家没有孩子饿着肚子上床时,我可能会乐于回去教书。
59.美国人做的比看电视更多的事情只有工作和睡觉。
60.那种认为艺术应该与政治脱钩的观点本身就是一种政治态度。
61.鱼露出水面,闪动着身子在线的另一端挣扎。
他紧紧地将鱼攥在手里,把鱼钩从嘴里取出来。
62.瓦茨那里有抱负又有远见的年轻人谈论的是走出去创业。
他们正是那样做的。
有才能的年轻人成群结队地离开瓦茨。
他们共同拥有的一个本领就是逃离这个贫民窟。
57. The drawback of such solution is that it's not widely applied any more.58. When there're no children going to bed while being hungry in this rich country, I may be willing to go back to teach school.59. What the Americans do more than watch TV are only work and sleep.60. The kind of opinion which thinks that art should separate from politics is a kind of political attitude itself.61. The fish came out of the water, flashing and struggling on the end of the line, and he grasped it firmly in his hand to take the hook from its mouth.62. The talk among the ambitious and future-minded youth in Watts was on getting out so that careers could begin . And they did just that . The talented young people left Watts in droves . The one skill they had in common was the ability to escape the ghetto .2010年10月57.心情好时,我可以谱写出恢弘的交响乐,绘制出壮丽的画卷。
It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past.从更多的女人比过去更长久地保持年轻外貌这一点看,这是个成功。
"Old ladies" are already becoming rare.“老太太”已经很少见了。
In a few years, we may well believe, they will be extinct絕跡.我们可以相信,几年后她将绝迹。
White hair and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medily 中世紀old-fashioned.满头白发、满脸皱纹、弯腰曲背、两颊深陷会被看作是中世纪般的过时The crone of the future will be golden, curly 卷曲and cherry-lipped, neatankled勻側 and slender.未来的老太婆将有卷曲的金发,樱桃红唇,匀侧脚踝,苗条身材。
The Portrait of the Artist's Mother will come to be almost indistinguishable難以分辯, at future picture shows, from the Portrait of the Artist's Daughter.在未来的画展上,艺术家母亲的画像与其女儿的画像将变得几乎难以分辨,This desirable consummation will be due in pan to skin foods and injections of paraffin-wax, facial surgery, mud baths泥浴, and paint, in part to improved health, due in its turn to a more rational mode of life.这一令人满意的结果一部分是由于有了护肤品和使胸部丰满的石蜡,整形外科,泥浴,化妆品,另外也由于更合理的生活方式造成的健康状态的改善。
大耳朵英语2011-01-21 22:35:03【打印】Lesson 15: The Beauty Industry美容用品业The one American industry unaffected by the general depression of trade is the beamy industry.美国工业中惟一未受贸易大萧条影响的是美容用品业。
American women continue to spend on their faces and bodies as much as they spent before the coming of the slump經濟蕭條前—about three million pounds a week.美国妇女仍不断在她们的脸上和身体上花费与经济萧条到来之前同样多的钱——每周约300万英镑。
These facts and figures are "official", and can he accepted as being substantially 充分true.这些事实与数字都是官方的,可大致属实。
Reading them. I was only surprised by the comparative 相對較小smallness of the sums expended.当读到这时,我只为花费的数目相对较小而感到惊奇。
From the prodigious巨大number of advertisements of aids to beauty contained in the American magazines,从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看,I had imagined that the personal appearance business must stand high up among the champions of American industry—the equal, or only just less than the equal, of bootlegging販賣私酒and racketeering,敲詐勒索movies and automobiles.从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看,我原以为美容用品业一定居美国工业群雄之首,与贩卖私酒和敲诈勒索,电影和汽车业并驾齐驱或稍逊一筹。
Lesson 1: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? When Mick Jagger’s fans look at him as a high priest or a god, are you with them or against them? Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan? Do you think he – or Dylan – is misguided? Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick? Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young PeopleThe trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. Our planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped; except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life – but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.Lesson 4: Die as You ChooseIn January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. It’s author claims that he met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her – “Let’s get this over with” – then killer her. Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances.Lesson 5: I’d Rather Be Black than FemaleIt is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world. The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman, a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. I n such a job, she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions, where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.Lesson 6: A Good Chancethe back door which hung open, we saw people standing in the kitchen. I asked carefully, “What’s wrong?”Nobody spoke but Elgie came over, his bloodshot eyes filled with sorrow and misery. He stood in front of us for a moment and then gestured us to go into the living room. The room was filled with people sitting in silence, and finally Elgie said, quietly, “They shot him.”Lesson 7: Miss BrillAlthough it was so brilliantly fine – the blue sky powdered with gold and the great spots of light like white wine splashed over the Jardins Publiques – Miss Brill was glad that she had decided on her fur. The air was motionless, but when you opened your mouth there was just a faint chill, like a chill from a glass of iced water before you sip, and now and again a leaf came drifting – from nowhere, from they sky. Miss Brill put up her hand and touched her fur. Dear little thing! I t was nice to feel it again. She had taken it out of its box tat afternoon, shaken out the moth-powder, given it a good brush, and rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes. “What has been happening to me?” said the sad little eyes. Oh, how sweet it was to see them snap at her again from the red eiderdown! …But the nose, which was of some black composition, wasn’t at all firm. It must have had a knock, somehow. Never mind – a little dab of black sealing-wax when the time came – when it was absolutely necessary. … Little rogue! Yes, she really felt like that about it. Little rogue biting its tail just by her left ear. She could have taken it off and laid it on her lap and stroked it. She felt a tingling in her hands and arms. But that came from walking, she supposed. And when she breathed, something light and sad – no, not sad, exactly – something gentle seemed to move in her bosom.Lesson 8: A Lesson in Living"It was the best of times and the worst of times. . ." Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read? Or were there notes, music, lined on the pages, as in a hymn book? Her sounds began cascading gently. I knew from listening; to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading, and I hadn't really heard, heard to understand, a single word.I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easilyI said aloud, "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done…" tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness.Lesson 9: The Trouble with TelevisionEverything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself wholesale to a medium for selling?Lesson 11: On Getting Off to SleepWhat a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do anything but sleep. Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper.Lesson 12: Why I Writeof good prose or the rhythm of a good story. Desire to share an experience whichvaluable and ought not to be missed…Lesson 14: I Would Like to Tell You SomethingThe investigation was not staged so that veterans could spill out their hearts or purge their souls; it was done to prove that the policy of the United States in Indochina is tantamount to genocide, and that not only the soldiers are responsible for what is happening, but that everyone here in America who has allowed the brutalization and de-personalization to go on is responsible. It was done also to show that you don't start making things right by prosecuting William Galley, no matter how guilty he may be; you also prosecute the men who encouraged the situation. It was done to show that there is not just one Mylai but countless Mylais and they are continuing every single day. There was an almost total press blackout on the testimony of those veterans.Lesson 15: The Beauty IndustryWomen, it is obvious, are freer than in the past. Freer not only to perform the generally unenviable social functions hitherto reserved to the male, but also freer to exercise the more pleasing, feminine privilege of being attractive. They have the right, if not to be less virtuous than their grandmothers, at any rate to look less virtuous. The British Matron, not long since a creature of austere and even terrifying aspect, now does her best to achieve and perennially preserve the appearance of what her predecessor would have described as a Lost Woman. She often succeeds. But we are not shocked—at any rate, not morally shocked. Aesthetically shocked—yes; we may sometimes be that. But morally, no. We concede that the Matron is morally justified in being preoccupied with her personal appearance. This concession depends on another of a more general nature—a concession to the Body, with a large B, to the Manichaean principle of evil. For we have now come to admit that the body has its rights. And not only rights—duties, actually duties. It has, for example, a duty to do the best it can for itself in the way of strength and beauty. Christian-ascetic ideas no longer trouble us. We demand justice for the body as well as for the soul. Hence, among other things, the fortunes made by face-cream manufacturers and beauty-specialists, by the vendors of rubber reducing belts and massage machines, by the patentees of hair-lotions and the authors of books on the culture of the abdomen.下册Lesson One The Company in Which I workOn days when I ‘m especially melancholy , I began constructing tables of organization….classifying people in the company on the basis of envy , hope , fear , ambition , frustration, rivalry , hatred , or disappointment . I call these charts my Happiness Charts . These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ----but only for a while . I rank pretty high when the company is analyzed this way , because I ‘m not envious or disappointed , and I have no expectations . At the very top , of course , are those people , mostly young and without dependents , to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work , and who regard their present association with it as something temporary . I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company , he would give you a resounding No ! , regardless of what inducements were offered . I was that high once . if you asked me that same question today, I would also give you a resounding No ! and add:Lesson Two EvelineBut in her new home , in a distant unknown country , it would not be like that . Then she would be married ---she , Eveline . People would treat her with respect then . She would not be treated as her mother had been . Even now , though she was over nineteen , she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s violence . She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations . When they were growing up he had never gone for her , like he used to go for Harry and Ernest , because she was a girl ; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother’s sake . And now she had nobody to protect her , Ernest was dead and Harry ,who was in the church decorating business , was nearly always down somewhere in the country . Besides , the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably . She always gave her entire wages ----seven shillings ----and Harry always sent up what he could , but the trouble was to get any money from her father . He said she used to squander the money , that she had no head , that he wasn’t going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets ,elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions . She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly . It was hard work ----a hard life ----but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life .She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall .He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her , saying something about the passage over and over again . The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages . Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat , lying in beside the quay wall , with illumined portholes . She answered nothing . She felt her cheek pale and cold and , out of a maze of distress , she prayed to God to direct her , to show her what was her duty . The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist . If she went , tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank , steaming towards Buenos Ayres . Their passage had been booked . Could she still draw back after all he had done for her ? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer .Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our Press ?The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nation’s press as a whole . And when I speak of the nation’s press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers ----and the one great newspaper -----which serve the world as models of responsible public information . I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals of ticker tape that pass for radio news .Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve , that many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . In its entertainment , television caters far too much to the lowest instincts of man , particularly the lust for violence . But there is one appetite it does not feed and which the partisan newspapers of the nation do : the appetite for hate ---hate of whatever is different . I do not find on televison the kind of editorials chronic in the New York tabloids as well as in many local papers across the country .that elevates news above dogfood . it is easier to write editorial copy that appeal to emotion rather than reason .Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaWhat can we possibly conclude from these discrepant points of view ? Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror . We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight . In reality , the way one experiences old age is contingent upon physical health , personality , earlier-life experiences , the actual circumstances of late –life events ( in what order they occur , how they occur , when they occur ) and the social supports one receives : adequate finances , shelter, medical care , social roles , religious support , recreation . All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life .Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleNo sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace flicked on the radio . He needed the radio , especially today . In the seconds before the tubes warmed up , he said aloud , doing it just to hear a human voice , “ Jesus . She ‘ll pop her lid . “ His voice , though familiar , irked him ; it sounded thin and scratchy . In a deeper register Ace added , “ She’ll murder me . “ Then the radio came on , warm and strong , so he stopped worrying . The five Kings were doing “ Blueberry Hill “ ; to hear them made Ace feel so sure inside that from the pack pinched between the car roof and the sun shield he plucked a cigarette , hung it on his lower lip , snapped a match across the rusty place on the dash . He rolled down the window and snapped the match so it spun end-over-end into the gutter . “ Two points , “ he said , and cocked the cigarette toward the roof of the car , sucked powerfully , and exhaled two plumes through his nostrils . He was beginning to feel like himself , Ace Anderson , for the first time that whole day , a bad day . He beat time on the accelerator . The car jerked crazily .The run must have tuned Bonnie up . When they got back home , as soon as he lowered her into the crib , she began to shout and wave her arms . He didn’t want to play with her . He tossed some blocks and rattle into the crib an walked into the bathroom , where he turned on the hot water andwent bald first . He remembered reading somewhere , though , that baldness shows virility .Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperEconomics entered . It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland , impersonal , practically imperishable substance more or less resembling , say cheese ---at lower cost than cheese . Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and “ standardization “ became a principal means of cutting cost .Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their EdgeThe third value discipline we have named customer intimacy . Its adherents focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want . Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions ; they cultivate relationships . They specialize in satisfying unique needs , which often only they recognize , through a close relationship with ---and intimate knowledge of ----the customer . Their proposition to the customer: We have the best solution for you , and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum results , or value , or both , from whatever products you buy . Long distance telephone carrier Cable& Wireless , , for example , practices customer intimacy with a vengeance , achieving success in a highly competitive market by consistently going the extra mile for its selectively chosen , small-business customers .Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsBut great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering , there is one which outweighs them all... Power, like vanity, is insatiable. Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely. And as it is especially the vice of energetic men, the casual efficacy of love of power is out of all proportion to its frequency. It is, indeed, by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men. Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power, and this applies to petty power as well as to that of potentates. In the happy days before 1914,when well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age. Similarly, in any autocratic regime, the holders of power become increasingly tyrannical with experience of the delights that power can afford. Since power over human beings is shown inconsent. If you require a building permit, the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying "No" than from saying "Yes". It is this sort of thing which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive . But it has other sides which are more desirable . The pursuit of knowledge is, I think, mainly actuated by love of power. And so are all advances in scientific technique. In politics, also, a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot . It would be a complete mistake to decry love of power altogether as a motive. Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful, or to actions which are pernicious, depends upon the social system, and upon your capacities.Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessThe three were eating breakfast on the terrace, a thousand and one felicitous birds in the garden trees. In unsullied damp brown circles of soft earth the roses bloomed serenely against the pink Mexican wall. Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated as a nice little boy reading the funnies, and Theresa, Marian's sister, chatted softly and merrily about their next week-end holiday. Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life both ordered and gay, it looked as if that smile had justified itself.Lesson Thirteen Selected SnobberiesAll men are snobs about something. One is almost tempted to add : There is nothing about which men cannot feel snobbish. But this would doubtless be an exaggeration. There are certain disfiguring and mortal diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery. I cannot imagine, for exam4ple, that there are any leprosy-snobs. More picturesque diseases, even when they are dangerous, and less dangerous diseases, particularly when they are the diseases of the rich, can be and very frequently are a source of snobbish self-importance. I have met several adolescent consumption-snobs , who thought that it would be romantic to fade away in the flower of youth , like Keats or Marie Bashkirtseff. Alas, the final stages of the consumptive fading are generally a good deal less romantic than these ingenuous young tubercle-snobs seem to imagine . To anyone who has actually witnessed these final stages, the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating as they are profoundly pathetic. In the case ofexasperation is not tempered by very much sympathy. People who possesssufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, to go travelling from spa to spa. from doctor to fashionable doctor, in search of cures from problematical diseases (which, in so far as they exist at all. probably have their source in overeating) cannot expect us to be .very lavish in our solicitude and pity.lesson fourteen Saturday Night and Sunday MorningHe sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind. He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel. Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out. Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven. Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye. He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart?During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an automobile. This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails, public amenities decay or are prevented from coming into being. The rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget. The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust fumes . This is part of the price of individual ownership.Lesson sixteen Through the TunnelAs for Jerry, once he saw that his mother had gained her beach , he began the steep descent to the bay . From where he was, high up among red-brown rocks, it was a scoop of moving bluish green fringed with white. As he went lower, he saw that it spread among small promontories and inlets of rough, sharp rock, and the crisping, lapping surface showed stains of purple and darkerblue.。
《高级英语》自考真题试题及答案解析卷面总分:90分答题时间:70分钟试卷题量:45题一、单选题(共46题,共0分)1.We must try to create a more caring, more _____ society.• A. compassionate• petitive正确答案:A2.It was _____ and she did not know enough to analyze each problemproperly.• A.encouraging• B.exhausting正确答案:B3.Although each TV series will be rated on the basis of its usual content,the ratings can _____ from week to week• A.flow• B.fluctuate正确答案:B4.His _____ and unwillingness to learn from others prevent him frombeing an effective member of the team• A.arrogance• B.advantage正确答案:A5.This _____ factor means that there is often a connection in appearanceand temperament between parents and children.• A.historical• B.hereditary正确答案:B6.Though she _____ and pleaded, he refused to go to the dance.• A.coaxed• B.admonished正确答案:A7.Jack managed to get 147 tapes and 100 books plus lots of magazinesthrough customs in a(n> _____ way• A.incredulous• B.miraculous正确答案:B8.These days people are becoming more and more _____ about the foodthey eat.• A.sophisticated• B.selective正确答案:B9.The question of going to the United States for a doctor _____ his mind • A.preoccupied• B.intruded正确答案:A10.In the last twenty years, breakthroughs in technology have _____advanced the way we communicate, bringing us computers, cell phones and the Internet.• A.profoundly• B.deeply正确答案:A11.除哪项外,下列皆可为血瘀的病因• A.气虚• B.气滞• C.血寒• D.饮食停滞• E.外伤正确答案:D12.In our culture, we are accustomed to sophisticated prescription drugscontaining a _____ of chemical ingredients• A.plenty• B.variety正确答案:B13.We cannot _____ the country ’s telecommunications to unqualifiedpeople。
2011-01-21 22:35:03【】Lesson 15: The Beauty Industry美容用品业The one American industry unaffected by the general depression of trade is the beamy industry.美国工业中惟一未受贸易大萧条影响的是美容用品业。
American women continue to spend on their faces and bodies as much as they spent before the coming of the slump經濟蕭條前—about three million pounds a week.美国妇女仍不断在她们的脸上和身体上花费与经济萧条到来之前同样多的钱——每周约300万英镑。
These facts and figures are "official", and can he accepted as being substantially 充分true.这些事实与数字都是官方的,可大致属实。
Reading them. I was only surprised by the comparative 相對較小smallness of the sums expended.当读到这时,我只为花费的数目相对较小而感到惊奇。
From the prodigious巨大number of advertisements of aids to beauty contained in the American magazines,从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看,I had imagined that the personal appearance business must stand high up among the champions of American industry—the equal, or only just less than the equal, of bootlegging販賣私酒and racketeering,敲詐勒索movies and automobiles.从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看,我原以为美容用品业一定居美国工业群雄之首,与贩卖私酒和敲诈勒索,电影和汽车业并驾齐驱或稍逊一筹。
Still, one hundred and fifty-six million pounds a year is a tidy 相當大的sum.虽然如此,每年1亿5,600万英镑是一个相当不小的数目,Rather more than twice the revenue收入of India, if I remember rightly.如果我没有记错的话,超出印度年收入的两倍。
I do not know what the European figures are. Much smaller undoubtedly.我不知道欧洲的数字是多少,毫无疑问要小得多。
Europe is poor, and a face can cost as much in upkeep as a Rolls-Royce.欧洲很穷,保养一张脸需要花费和保养一辆罗尔斯——罗伊斯牌汽车一样多的钱。
The most that the majority of European women can do is just to wash and hope for the best.大多欧洲妇女最多只能洗洗脸,听天由命。
Perhaps the soap will produce its loudly advertised effects;也许肥皂会产生广告中大肆宣扬的效果,perhaps it will transform them into the likeness of those ravishing creatures who smile so rosily and creamily紅潤白嫩, so peachily艷如桃李and pearlily美若珠肌, from every hoarding廣告牌.也许能把她们变成像那些在每块广告牌上绽开令人陶醉的红润白嫩、艳如桃李、美若珠玑般笑容的女郎。
Perhaps, on the other hand, it may not.另一方面,或许肥皂不具有这种效能。
In any case, the more costly experiments in beautification are still as much beyond most European means as are high-powered motor-cars and electric refrigerators.无论怎样,在装饰自己上更为昂贵的试验和大马力汽车及电冰箱一样都是欧洲人的经济能力所不及的。
Even in Europe, however, much more is now spent on beauty than was ever spent in the past.然而即使在欧洲,如今花在化妆品上的钱比过去任何时候都要多得多,Not quite so much more as in America, that is all.只不过比起美国来要逊色些罢了。
But, everywhere, the increase has been undoubtedly enormous.增長無疑是巨大的但无论在任何地方,增长无疑是巨大的。
The fact is significant.这一事实意义重大。
To what is it due?为什么会出现这种现象呢?In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity繁榮.我认为部分是由于普遍增长的繁荣。
The rich have always cultivated their personal appearance.有钱的人总是追求个人容貌的修饰,The diffusion擴散of wealth—such as it is—now permits those of the poor who are less badly off than their fathers to do the same.财富的扩散——尽管程度并不大,境况比其父辈稍好一些的穷人也能这样做。
But this is, clearly, not the whole story.但显然这并非事情的全部。
The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively 不隻是a function (in the mathematical sense) of wealth.现代对美貌的狂热崇拜并不只是财富的作用(从数学意义上看),If it were, then the personal appearance industries would have been as hardly hit by the trade depression as any other business.因为如果是这样,那么美容用品业就会和其他企业一样受到贸易萧条的沉重打击。
But, as we have seen, they have not suffered.但是正如我们所见,它并未受到损失。
Women are retrenching緊縮on other things than their faces.女人们在美容之外的一切方面紧缩开支,The cult of beauty must therefore be symptomatic of changes that have taken place outside the economic sphere因而对美貌的狂热崇拜必定表现了经济领域以外产生的变化。
. Of what changes? Of the changes, I suggest, in the status of women; of the changes in our attitude towards "the merely physical."單純是肉體的變化什么变化?我认为表现了妇女地位的变化,表现了我们对“单纯是肉体”的态度的变化。
Women, it is obvious, are freer than in the past.很显然,妇女比过去自由了,Freer not only to perform the generally unenviable social functions hitherto 迄今為止reserved保留to the male,不仅在完成迄今为止由男性完成的并值得羡慕的社会职能上比较自由了,but also freer to exercise the more pleasing, feminine privilege of being attractive.而且在运用更令人愉快的女性吸引力的特权上比较自由了。
They have the right, if not to be less virtuous than their grandmothers, at any rate to look less virtuous貞淑.如果她们没有权利不如祖母们贞淑,至少可以有权利看起来不那么贞淑。
The British Matron, not long since a creature of austere嚴峻and even terrifying aspect,英国的命妇不久前还是神色严厉可怕的人物,now does her best to achieve and perennially 永久preserve保持the appearance of what her predecessor前輩would have described as a Lost Woman. She often succeeds.现在也尽一切努力获得并常年保持她的前辈会称作为荡妇的外表,她们常能做到这点。
But we are not shocked—at any rate, not morally shocked.但我们并不感到震惊,至少在道德上没有震惊。
Aesthetically shocked—yes; we may sometimes be that. But morally, no.审美上受到震惊——是的,有时是这样,但道德上没有We concede 讓步that the Matron is morally justified正當的in being preoccupied with her personal appearance.我们作出让步,承认命妇专注于个人容貌在道德上是正当的,This concession讓步depends on another of a more general nature—a concession to the Body, with a large B, to the Manichaean principle of evil这一让步是基于另一个性质更为一般的让步,即将带有大写B的肉体让与摩尼教中说的邪恶,For we have now come to admit that the body has its rights.因为我们现在已经承认了肉体具有自己的权利。