天津市第一中学2017_2018学年高一生物下学期期末考试试题-含答案 师生通用

2017—2018学年下学期高一期中模拟考试生物试题3、本试卷考试内容：必修二第一章至第四章第一节基因指导蛋白质的合成第I卷（选择题共45分）一、选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1.5分，共45分。

每小题只有一个正确选项）1、用纯种的黄色豌豆与绿色豌豆做杂交实验时，需要( )A．以黄色作母本，绿色作父本 B．以绿色作母本，黄色作父本C．对母本去雄，授以父本的花粉 D．对父本去雄，授以母本的花粉2、甲杂交组合为YYRR×yyrr，乙杂交组合为YYrr×yyRR,下列叙述中不正确的一项是（）A．甲杂交组合和乙杂交组合的F1的基因型、表现型相同B．F1自交到F2的基因型、表现型相同C．甲杂交组合的F2中，与两亲本表现型相同的占10/16D．乙杂交组合的F2中，与两亲本表现型相同的占10/163、采用以下哪一组方法，可以依次解决①～④中的遗传问题( )①鉴定一只白羊是否纯种②在一对相对性状中区分显隐性③不断提高小麦抗病品种的纯合度④检验杂种子一代的遗传因子组成A．杂交、自交、测交、测交 B．杂交、杂交、杂交、测交C．测交、杂交、自交、测交 D．测交、测交、杂交、自交4、用纯合的黄色皱粒和绿色圆粒豌豆作亲本进行杂交，F1全部为黄色圆粒，F1自交获得F2，从F2黄色皱粒和绿色圆粒豌豆中各取一粒，一个纯合一个杂合的概率为( )A．1/9 B．2/9C．1/3 D．4/95、某种哺乳动物的直毛(B)对卷毛(b)为显性，黑色(C)对白色(c)为显性，这两对基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。

基因型为BbCc的个体与“个体X”交配，子代表现型有直毛黑色、卷毛黑色、直毛白色和卷毛白色，并且其比例为3∶3∶1∶1，“个体X”的基因型为( )A．BbCc B．BbccC．bbCc D．bbcc6、孟德尔在豌豆纯合亲本杂交和F1自交遗传实验基础上，利用“假说—演绎法”成功提出基因分离定律。

下列关于孟德尔的研究过程的分析正确的是（）A．孟德尔所作假说内容之一是“遗传因子在体细胞染色体上成对存在”B．孟德尔所作假说的核心内容是“生物体能产生数量相等的雌雄配子”C．孟德尔在进行“演绎推理”的过程中运用了减数分裂的相关原理D．孟德尔通过“测交实验”对演绎推理过程及结果进行了检验7、在西葫芦的皮色遗传中，已知黄皮基因（Y）对绿皮基因（y）为显性，但在另一白色显性基因（W）存在时，基因Y和y都不能表达。

中学生物分子与细胞期末测试试题（含答案）考生留意：1．答题前，考生先将信息填写在生物学科试卷答题卡的相应位置上。

2．全部试卷均在答题卡上作答，干脆做在试卷上无效。

3．本试卷测试内容：必修一模块《分子与细胞》第一章至第六章的全部内容。

4．本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（简答题）两部分。

满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分）一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1.5分，共60分。

请将答案填涂在答题卡上）1．下列有关生命系统的叙述正确的是（）A．生命系统中各生物体均具有多种组织、器官和系统B．生物圈是地球上最基本的生命系统和最大的生态系统C．H1N1流感病毒不属于生命系统，但其增殖离不开活细胞D．肌肉细胞里的蛋白质和核酸属于生命系统的分子层次2、构成玫瑰和大象的主要化学元素是（）A. C、H、O、N、P、FeB. H、O、K、S、P、MgC. N、P、K、Ca、S、ZnD. C、H、O、S、N、P3．在光明的试验室里，在显微镜视野中能清楚地看到叶绿体，但看不到无色的线粒体，为便于推断，此时应（）A．改用凹面反光镜，放大光圈 B．改用凹面反光镜，缩小光圈C．改用平面反光镜，放大光圈 D．改用平面反光镜，缩小光圈4、以下属于原核生物的是（）A、衣藻B、念珠藻C、酵母菌D、菟丝子5．下列关于细胞结构的叙述中，错误的是( )①叶绿体②染色体③核膜④核糖体⑤细胞壁⑥拟核A．菠菜和发菜都含有①③④⑤ B．①～⑤在绿藻体内都存在C．④⑤⑥在颤藻体内都存在 D．大肠杆菌和蓝藻都含有④⑤⑥6.下面是某蛋白质的肽链结构示意图（图1，其中数字为氨基酸序号）及部分肽链放大图（图2），据图推断下列叙述正确的是（）A．该蛋白质中含有1条肽链124个肽键 B．图2中含有的R基是①②④⑥⑧C．从图2推知该肽链至少含有2个游离的羧基 D．从图2推知该肽链至少含有2个游离的氨基7．淀粉、淀粉酶、限制淀粉酶合成的DNA，它们的基本组成单位依次是 ( )A．葡萄糖．蛋白质．DNA B．蔗糖．氨基酸．核糖核苷酸C．葡萄糖．氨基酸．脱氧核苷酸D．麦芽糖．多肽．核苷酸8.以下各项中均属于单糖的是（）A、葡萄糖、脱氧核糖、核糖、果糖、蔗糖B、果糖、脱氧核糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、纤维素C、半乳糖、乳糖、糖原、葡萄糖、核糖D、核糖、脱氧核糖、果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖9．关于脂质的叙述，正确的是( )A．磷脂由C、H、O三种元素组成，是构成细胞膜的主要成分B．性激素的化学本质是蛋白质，能促进人和动物生殖器官的发育C．脂肪只存在于动物的脂肪细胞中，而其它部位和植物细胞中没有D．胆固醇是构成动物细胞膜的重要成分，参加人体血液中脂质的运输10．如图是生物体核酸的基本组成单位——核苷酸的模式图，下列说法正确的是（）A．DNA与RNA的不同点只是由于核苷酸上②的不同B．人体内的③有5种，②有2种C．③在植物体内共有8种D．假如②是脱氧核糖，③腺嘌呤，则在①处再加两个磷酸基团即可组成ATP11．下列有关水和矿质元素的叙述，错误的是（）A．矿质元素是细胞内生物大分子的必需组成成分B．休眠的种子和越冬植物体内，自由水与结合水的比值相对较低C．合理施肥可提高农作物光合作用速率，从而提高产量D．水是植物体光合作用和呼吸作用的原料，很多有机物的合成与分解均有水的参加12．下列有关构成细胞的化合物种类和鉴别方法的叙述中，正确的一项是（）A．细胞中的糖分为单糖、二糖和多糖，都可以用斐林试剂鉴别B．细胞中的脂质具有多种功能，如储存能量；脂质能被苏丹III染成橘黄色C．细胞内蛋白质种类众多，但都能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色颜色反应D．细胞的遗传物质是DNA或RNA，用甲基绿吡罗红可以鉴定其存在和分布13．关于细胞基础学问的叙述中，正确的是（）A．细胞的形态、结构和功能的不同，主要是细胞器的种类和数量不同，根本缘由还是细胞中的遗传物质不同B．能进行有氧呼吸的细胞肯定有线粒体，有线粒体的细胞主要进行有氧呼吸C．高等植物细胞都有细胞壁、大液泡和叶绿体，而中心体在低等植物细胞和动物细胞中都有D．硝化细菌、霉菌、水绵的细胞中都含有核糖体、DNA和RNA14.以下有关细胞膜的叙述，不合理的说法是（）A、细胞膜所含脂质中磷脂最丰富B、功能越困难的细胞膜，蛋白质种类和数量越多C、鸵鸟的成熟红细胞可作为提取细胞膜的良好材料D、细胞膜结构特点是具有肯定的流淌性。

2015年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第1题2020~2021学年天津和平区天津市第二南开学校高一上学期期中第22题0.5分2017~2018学年天津高一期末联考第9题1分2018~2019学年天津静海区天津市静海区第一中学高二上学期期中第16题1分—Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.—______, but don't do that again!A. Go aheadB. Forget itC. It dependsD. With pleasure2、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第2题The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this3、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第3题2016~2017学年广东广州高二上学期期中五校联考第17题1分2018~2019学年吉林长春朝阳区吉林省实验中学高二下学期期末第30题1分Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.A. she realizedB. has she realizedC. she has realizedD. did she realize4、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第4题—Jack, you seem excited.—______? I won the first prize.A. Guess whatB. So whatC. Pardon meD. Who cares5、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第5题2018~2019学年10月广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二月考第47题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳罗湖区深圳市翠园中学高二上学期期中第6题1分2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第22题1分2017~2018学年北京海淀区北京市十一学校高二上学期期末第49题0.5分in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing6、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第6题2016~2017学年天津高一下学期期末第22题0.5分2017~2018学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高一下学期期末第25题1分2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第23题1分2016~2017学年北京海淀区北京一零一中学高二下学期期中第22题1分Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she a class at that time.A. will teachB. would teachC. has taughtD. will be teaching7、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第7题2019~2020学年3月天津河西区高三下学期月考第14题1分I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. couldn't8、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第8题2018~2019学年10月天津和平区天津市双菱中学高二上学期月考第26题1分2018~2019学年10月广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二月考第48题1分2019~2020学年3月天津河西区高三下学期月考第11题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中第15题1.5分______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A. To workB. WorkedC. To be workingD. Having worked9、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第9题2019~2020学年12月江苏南京玄武区南京市第九中学高一上学期月考第63题1分2018~2019学年陕西西安未央区西安中学高一上学期期末第26题1分2017~2018学年北京东城区北京汇文中学高二上学期期中第35题1分2017~2018学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中第53题1分Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached10、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第10题2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第25题1分Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.A. turn inB. turn downC. turn overD. turn to11、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第11题2019~2020学年天津南开区高三上学期期末第6题1分If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better______ your doctor at once.A. convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect12、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第12题We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.A. whileB. afterC. beforeD. as13、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第13题2015~2016学年北京西城区北京师范大学第二附属中学高二上学期期中第5题I wish I ______ at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been14、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷(部分区联考)第14题2016~2017学年天津高一下学期期末第13题1分See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring15、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第15题2018~2019学年广东深圳宝安区宝安第一外国语学校高二下学期期中第62题1分2017~2018学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高二上学期期末第16题1分The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who二、完型填空16、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第16题2017~2018学年12月河南洛阳洛龙区洛阳市第一高级中学高二上学期月考第36~55题20分2019~2020学年高一下学期单元测试第30~49题2017~2018学年黑龙江大庆红岗区大庆市铁人中学高二上学期期中第41~60题30分My fiance （未婚夫） and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our fundswere1, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent2 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was3our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look4.We finally did and it was5at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and6of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of7it would be like to live there.Days later, we made a(n)8—far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn't9us. They renewed their offer10. It was also much more than we could afford, but far11than the original asking price.The next day, we got a12message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the13directly. We made our final offer, which14was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer's bid. We knew it,15we had to try.“Sold!” said the owner. Then he16: He'd seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we'd17the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a18by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the19in the price “an early wedding present.”That's how we found our home and how I learned that when peopleare20they are not strangers, only friends we haven't yet met.A. neededB. limitedC. enoughD. largeA. recommendedB. decoratedC. soldD. rentedA. belowB. withinC. beyondD. betweenA. at leastB. at mostC. at timesD. at handA. reliefB. concernC. loveD. curiosityA. prideB. happinessC. challengeD. desireA. whichB. whyC. thatD. whatA. effortB. offerC. promiseD. profitA. come acrossB. look afterC. depend onD. laugh atA. insteadB. indeedC. asideD. apartA. worseB. betterC. lessD. higherA. relaxingB. disappointingC. pleasantD. regularA. agentsB. buyersC. managersD. ownersA. alreadyB. stillC. generallyD. everA. soB. orC. forD. butA. apologizedB. complainedC. criticizedD. explainedA. checkB. analyzeC. appreciateD. ignoreA. lossB. riskC. chanceD. leadA. increaseB. differenceC. interestD. averageA. kindB. politeC. smartD. energetic三、阅读理解17、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷（A篇）第17题University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential （住宿的） rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination （组合密码） for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven （微波炉） to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of ＄100 and a continuing fine of ＄50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.(1) Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.B. Wireless routers and radios.C. Hair dryers and candles.D. TVs and electric blankets.(2) What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?A. The combination should be changed.B. The Office should be charged.C. He should replace the door lock.D. He should check out of the room.(3) What do we know about the cooking policy?A. A microwave oven can be used.B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.(4) If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.A. parent visitsB. a fine of $100C. the Student CourtD. a written notice(5) When can students enjoy a party in residences?A. 7:00 am, Sunday.B. 7:30 am, Thursday.C. 11:30 pm, Monday.D. 00:30 am, Saturday.18、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第18题Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us, " said Breazeal.(1) How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions.B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D. They respond to users more slowly.(2) What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.(3) What can Oshbot work as?A. A language teacher.B. A tour guide.C. A shop assistant.D. A private nurse.(4) We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will.A. train employeesB. be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers(5) What does the passage mainly present?A. A new design idea of household robots.B. Marketing strategies for social robots.C. Information on household robots.D. An introduction to social robots.19、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第19题2017~2018学年12月河南洛阳洛龙区洛阳市第一高级中学高二上学期月考第21~25题10分2017~2018学年陕西西安雁塔区陕西师范大学附属中学高三上学期开学考试第24~28题10分One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.In the library, I found my way into the "Children's Room."I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mother's call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my "miraculous"（奇迹般地）experience that summer, but she sawa slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.(1) The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to.A. encourage him to do more walkingB. let him spend a meaningful summerC. help cure him of his reading problemD. make him learn more about weapons(2) The book caught the author's eye because.A. it contained pretty pictures of animalsB. it reminded him of his own dogC. he found its title easy to understandD. he liked children's stories very much(3) Why could the author manage to read the book throughA. He was forced by his mother to read it.B. He identified with the story in the book.C. The book told the story of his pet dog.D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author has become a successful writer.B. The author's mother read the same book.C. The author's mother rewarded him with books.D. The author has had happy summers ever since.(5) Which one could be the best title of the passage?A. The Charm of a BookB. Mum's Strict OrderC. Reunion with My BeagleD. My Passion for Reading20、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第20题DOnce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision tobite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas —even physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.”Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.(6) Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forces.C. Fear prevented him from trying.D. Failure blocked his way to success.(7) What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.(8) What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.(9) What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a better life.D. Boldness can be gained little by little.(10) What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage people to be courageous.B. To advise people to build up physical power.C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.四、任务型阅读21、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第21题Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made.”“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can't figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.(6) What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)(7) What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)(8) What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)(9) How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)(10) Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)五、书面表达22、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第22题假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。

2017年高考生物专题练习光合作用与呼吸6．（2017年北京卷，2）某植物光合作用、呼吸作用与温度的关系如图。

据此，对该植物生理特性理解错误的是（）A．呼吸作用的最适温度比光合作用的高B．净光合作用的最适温度约为25℃C．在0~25℃范围内，温度变化对光合速率的影响比对呼吸速率的大D．适合该植物生长的温度范围是10~50℃CO酶的活性显著高7．（2017年天津卷，6）某突变型水稻叶片的叶绿素含量约为野生型的一半，但固定2CO吸收速率。

叙述错误的是（）于野生型。

下图显示两者在不同光照强度下的2A．光照强度低于P时，突变型的光反应强度低于野生型B．光照强度高于P时，突变型的暗反应强度高于野生型C．光照强度低于P时，限制突变型光合速率的主要环境因素是光照强度CO浓度D．光照强度高于P时，限制突变型光合速率的主要环境因素是28．（北京市丰台区2017届高三5月综合练习（二模）理综生物试题）将某绿藻细胞悬浮液放入密闭容器中，保持适宜的pH和温度，改变其它条件上，测定细胞悬浮液中溶解氧的浓度，结果如图所示。

下列有关绿藻细胞代谢的说法正确的是（）A．前5分钟只进行呼吸作用B．第4分钟只发生光能转化为化学能C的数量瞬间增加C．第7分钟5D．9～12分钟光合作用速率等于呼吸作用速率9．（2017届衡阳市高三第一次联考理科综合试题）为研究影响线粒体耗氧速率的因素，按图示顺序依次向测定仪中加入线粒体及相应物质，测定氧气浓度的变化，结果如图（注：图中呼吸底物是指在呼吸过程中被氧化的物质）。

下列分析错误的是（）A．过程①有水的生成B．加入的呼吸底物是葡萄糖C．过程④比③耗氧速率低的主要原因是ADP不足D．过程②比⑤耗氧速率低的主要原因是呼吸底物不足10．（江西省南昌市2017届高三第三次模拟考试理科综合生物试题）下列关于下图的表述中，正确的是（）A．若X代表实验温度，则Y可代表某种酶的催化活性，且该酶的最适温度接近乙B．若X代表含氧量，则Y可代表苹果细胞呼吸总强度，且保鲜苹果的最佳氧浓度接近乙C．若X代表层析后叶绿体色素与滤液细线间的距离，则Y可代表色素在层析液中的溶解度D．若X代表细胞壁与原生质层间的距离，则Y可代表在质壁分离与复原中液泡色素的浓度11．（广东省深圳市2017届高三2月第一次调研（一模）理综生物试卷）松土是农作物栽培的传统耕作措施。

2010年湖北卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第1题2010年高考真题湖北卷第21题1分2017~2018学年天津红桥区高三上学期期中第9题1分2016~2017学年宁夏石嘴山大武口区石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末第24题1分2018~2019学年5月天津河西区天津市新华中学高三下学期月考第11题1分This restaurant has become popular for its wide_____of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. divisionB. areaC. rangeD. circle2、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第2题2010年高考真题湖北卷第22题1分2017~2018学年黑龙江哈尔滨道里区哈尔滨市第九中学校高一上学期期中第63题0.5分After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.A. accommodationB. occupationC. equipmentD. furniture3、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第3题2010年高考真题湖北卷第23题1分2019~2020学年7月湖北武汉武昌区武汉市第十四中学高一下学期月考第28题1分In this lecture, I can only give you a purely view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.A. privateB. personalC. uniqueD. different4、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第24题1分2010年高考真题湖北卷第4题Mistakes don't just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason and then making the mistake becomes.A. favourableB. preciousC. essentialD. worthwhile5、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第25题1分2010年高考真题湖北卷第5题2018年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三二模第6题1分If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my reaction will be to tell the police.A. physicalB. immediateC. sensitiveD. sudden6、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第6题2016~2017学年3月北京海淀区北京市育英中学高二下学期月考第27题1分I wasn't blaming anyone; I said errors like this could be avoided.A. merelyB. mostlyC. rarelyD. nearly7、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第7题2010年高考真题湖北卷第27题1分Duty is an act or a course of action that people______ you to take by social customs, law or religion.A. persuadeB. requestC. instructD. expect8、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第8题2010年高考真题湖北卷第28题1分2017~2018学年天津河西区高二上学期期末第19题Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house_____ his personality.A. resemblesB. strengthensC. reflectsD. shapes9、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第9题2018~2019学年黑龙江哈尔滨香坊区哈尔滨市第六中学高二上学期期末第64题0.5分Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up toB. lived up toC. kept up withD. come up with10、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第10题2010年高考真题湖北卷第30题1分2018~2019学年辽宁大连沙河口区大连育明高级中学高一上学期期中第15题1分2018~2019学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高一下学期期中第7题1分2018~2019学年12月江苏扬州江都区江苏省江都中学高一上学期月考（华罗庚中学、句容中学、溧水中学等五校联考）第25题1分It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.A. in preference toB. in place ofC. in agreement withD. in exchange for二、完形填空11、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第31~50题30分(每题1.5分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第11题2018~2019学年广西南宁青秀区南宁市第二中学高二上学期期末第41~60题30分The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to 1the seats, settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 2Susan’s husband Mark watchedher 3into hopelessness and he was 4to use every possible means to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to 5to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too 6to get around the city by herself. Mark7to ride the bus with Susan each morning andevening 8she could manage it by herself.For two weeks, Mark 9Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other10, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new11At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip12Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband 13,her eyes filled with tears of gratitude（感激）. She said good-bye and, for the first time, they wenttheir 14ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wildexcitement 15Susan.She was doing it!On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work 16As she was getting off the bus, the driver said, “Miss, I sure17you.” Curious, Susan asked the driver18“You know, every morning for the 19week, a fine-looking gentleman in a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely, ” the bus driver said.Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than20, that is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness.A. touchB. grabC. countD. feelA. weaknessB. sicknessC. darknessD. sadnessA. runB. sinkC. jumpD. stepA. inspiredB. determinedC. honoredD. pleasedA. returnB. adjustC. contributeD. stickA. tiredB. astonishedC. depressedD. frightenedA. volunteeredB. attemptedC. continuedD. struggledA. whenB. asC. untilD. afterA. droveB. directedC. accompaniedD. sentA. feelingB. organsC. skillsD. sensesA. positionB. environmentC. statusD. roleA. on herownB. in personC. to her benefitD. on footA. politelyB. calmlyC. brieflyD. tightlyA. oppositeB. separateC. fixedD. lonelyA. tookcharge ofB. took place ofC. took advantage ofD. took hold ofA. as usualB. as a ruleC. as wellD. as a consequenceA. respectB. envyC. knowD. supportA. whatB. howC. whyD. whoA. pastB. sameC. firstD. nextA. courageB. willC. sightD. wisdom三、阅读理解12、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第12题2010年高考真题湖北卷（A篇）第51~54题8分2016~2017学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中第31~34题8分It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently.My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. TAL#NBSP I'm so glad I did.On the road to the harbour we could see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape. After all, it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps（脊背）in the distance.On approaching them, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldn't believe it—there aren't any whales along the coast here. The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badly polluted that nothing could survive.The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was obviously stuck and could not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools（漩涡）and waves. "She's trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, "my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They struggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them towards the bay channel. Slowly, they let us lead them, some-times rising from the water right beside us to breathe—and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the distance.In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades later,I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.(1) The author says "I'm so glad I did." （in Para. 2） because.A. he witnessed the whole process of fishingB. he enjoyed the beauty of the calm seaC. he experienced the rescue of the whalesD. he spent the weekend with his family(2) The harbour survived the storm owing to.A. the shape of the harbourB. the arms of the bayC. the still water in the channelD. the long coast line(3) The mother whale failed to help her baby because.A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too longB. the whirl pools she had made were not big enoughC. she had no other whales around to turn to for helpD. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction(4) What is the theme of the story?A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happinessB. Fishing provides excitement for childrenC. It's necessary to live in harmony with animalsD. It's vital to protect the environment13、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第13题2017~2018学年广东广州海珠区广州市第六中学高三下学期期中（D篇）第32~35题8分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州市第十六中学高一上学期期中第4题2016~2017学年广东广州越秀区广州市第十六中学高一上学期期中第32~35题8分For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness. And of course, TAL#NBSP the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely.Both feel trapped.In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right, It doesn't matter what the topic is—politics. The laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong. for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.(1) Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A. Both can continue for generations.B. Both are about where to draw the lineC. Neither has any clear winnerD. Neither can be put to an end(2) What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflictC. The teens cause their parents of misleading themD. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents(3) Parents and teens want to be right because they want to.A. give orders to the otherB. know more than the otherC. gain respect from the otherD. get the other to behave properly(4) What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. Causes for the parent –teen conflictsB. Examples of the parent –teen war.C. Solutions for the parent –teen problemsD. Future of the parent-teen relationship14、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷（C篇）第59~62题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷（C篇）第14题2017~2018学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中第64~67题8分They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories （配饰）. Yet these are girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favoring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, "Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years —now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly. "Professor Twigg analyzed family expending（支出）data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—and 5 or 6 per cent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.The professor said, "Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them. "Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity（名流） style than in previous years.She said, "When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities. There's also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women. My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago. "(1) Professor Twigg found that, compared with the 1960s,.A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%C. people spend 30% less than they did on clothesD. the amount of clothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%(2) What can we learn about old women in terms of fashionA. They are often ignored by fashion designers.B. They are now more easily influenced by stars.C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.(3) It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainlybecauseA. they get tired of things more quicklyB. TV shows teach them how to change their lookC. they are in much better shape nowD. clothes are much cheaper than before(4) Which is the best possible title of the passage?A. Age Is No Barrier for Fashion FansB. The More Fashionable, the Less ExpensiveC. Unexpected Changes in FashionD. Boom of the British Fashion Industry15、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷（D篇）第63~66题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第15题This brief book is aimed at high school students, but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.Its formal, serious style closely matches its content, a school-masterly book on schooling. The author, W. H. Armstrong, starts with the basics: reading and writing. In his opinion, reading doesn't just mean recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of him. The goal is to bring the information back to life, not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees. Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other; in fact, the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text. I've seen it again and again：some-one who can't express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn't read it at all.Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly（透彻地）and equally, except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion（激情） regarding history to his students, that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across. To my disappointment, in this part of the book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it's commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.My other comment is that the text aged.The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references（参考文献）seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.These are small points, though, and don't affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.(1) According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to.A. gain knowledge and expand one's viewB. understand the meaning between the linesC. experts ideas based on what one has readD. gets information and keeps it alive in memory(2) The author of the passage insists that learning the arts.A. requires great effortsB. demands real passionC. is less natural than learning mathsD. is as natural as learning a language(3) What is a shortcoming of Armstrong's work according to the author?A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.B. There is too much discussion on studying science.C. The style is too serious.D. It lacks new information.(4) This passage can be classified as.A. an advertisementB. a book reviewC. a feature storyD. a news report16、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷E篇第67~70题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第16题EHave you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact,as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producerat CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours.According to some sleep researchers,a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor,Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural;however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.(1) The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation inhuman sleeping habitsC. people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end(2) The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people______.A. to set traps to catch animalsB. to wake up their family and neighboursC. to remind others of the timeD. to guard against possible dangers(3) What does the author advise people to do?A. Sleep in the way animals do.B. Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.(4) What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To give a prescription for insomnia.B. To urge people to sleep less.C. To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people.D. To throw new light on human sleep.四、完成句子17、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第17题阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

延安市第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试生物试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1、在一对相对性状的遗传规律中，下列关于纯合子与杂合子的叙述正确的是( )A.杂合子自交，后代不发生性状分离B.纯合子自交，后代发生性状分离C.隐性性状的个体不一定是纯合子D.显性性状的个体不一定是杂合子2、“假说—演绎法”是现代科学研究中常用的一种方法。

下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.摩尔根利用该方法证明了基因位于染色体上B.孟德尔进行的测交实验就是“演绎”过程C.“生物的性状是由遗传因子决定的”属于“发现问题”阶段D.“若F1与隐性纯合子杂交，后代会出现两种数量相等的表型”，属于“假说”阶段3、豌豆种子中黄色（Y）对绿色（y）为显性，圆粒（R）对皱粒（r）为显性，两对基因独立遗传。

用基因型为YyRr的个体与YYrr的个体杂交，F1的表型比例是( )A.9：3：3：1B.1：1：1：1C.3：1D.1：14、人类的肤色由A/a、B/b、E/e三对基因共同控制，且这三对基因的遗传符合自由组合定律。

AABBEE为黑色，aabbee为白色，肤色深浅与显性基因个数有关，例如，基因型为AaBbEe、AABbee与aaBbEE等与含任何三个显性基因的肤色一样。

若有一对亲本双方的基因型为（AaBbEe×AaBbee），则子代肤色的基因型和表型分别有多少种( )A.27，7B.18，6C.27，9D.16，75、下列关于有丝分裂和减数分裂的叙述，错误的是( )A.有丝分裂和减数分裂Ⅰ时期均存在同源染色体B.有丝分裂前期和减数分裂Ⅰ前期的染色体行为不同C.减数分裂Ⅰ后期和有丝分裂后期均不存在姐妹染色单体D.有丝分裂后期的染色体数目是减数分裂Ⅱ前期的4倍6、某哺乳动物卵原细胞形成卵细胞的过程中，某时期的细胞如图所示，其中①~④表示染色体，a~h表示染色单体。

湘阴一中2017-2018学年上学期高一年级期中考试生物试卷时量：90分钟总分：100分一、选择题：（每题2分，共60分）1、关于孟德尔对分离现象的解释，下列叙述错误的是（）A．生物的性状都是由遗传因子控制的B．在细胞中，遗传因子都是成对存在的C．生物体产生配子时，成对的遗传因子分离，分别进入到不同的配子中D．受精时，雌雄配子的结合时随机的2、豌豆的高茎对矮茎是显性，为了鉴定一株高茎豌豆是否是纯合子，最简便的方法是（）A．自交B．杂交C．测交D．正交3、下列不是控制同一性状的基因是（）A．B和B B．b和b C．B和b D．B和D4、关于“性状分离比的模拟实验”，下列叙述错误的是（）A．两个小桶分别代表雌、雄生殖器官B．两个小桶中的小球分别代表雌雄配子C．用不同彩球的随机组合，模拟生物在生殖过程中，雌雄配子的随机结合D．每做一次模拟实验后，不需要将小球放回原来的小桶内，接着做下一次模拟实验5、下列关于孟德尔遗传定律的说法中，错误的是（）A．分离定律的实质是等位基因随同源染色体的分开而分离B．分离定律发生在雌、雄配子结合的过程中C．孟德尔遗传定律适用于真核生物的细胞核基因的遗传D．基因自由组合定律的适用对象是非同源染色体上的非等位基因6、某常染色体遗传病，基因型为AA的人都患病，Aa的人有2/3患病，aa的人都正常。

一对新婚夫妇中女性正常，她的母亲是Aa患病，她的父亲和丈夫的家族中均无该病患者，请推测这对夫妇的子女中患病的概率是（）A．1/12 B．1/6 C．2/15 D．1/87、已知A与a、B与b、C与c三对等位基因自由组合，基因型分别为AaBbCc、AabbCc的两个体进行杂交。

下列关于杂交后代的推测，正确的是( )A．表现型有8种，AaBbCc个体的比例为1/16B．表现型有4种，aaBbcc个体的比例为1/16C．表现型有8种，Aabbcc个体的比例为1/8D．表现型有8种，aaBbCc个体的比例为1/168、根据孟德尔遗传规律推断，下列结构中可能含有等位基因的是（）①四分体②姐妹染色单体③非同源染色体④一个DNA分子的两条脱氧核苷酸链A．②④B．只是③C．①②D．只是②9、科研人员做了如下实验：用黑色鲤鱼和红色鲤鱼杂交，F1全为黑鲤，F1自交结果如下表所示。

12专题03破译三角函数图像变换问题、单选题1.【湖北省咸宁市2018届高三重点高中11月联考】若函数f x =cos2x ， g x ]=sin j 2x -石【答案】【解析】/(+COS 2JC :+sin I 2x —— =cos2x4JT曲线 严 列乂）向左平移壬个单位长度后的解折式为:6本题选择E 选项.2•【山西省芮城中学 2018届高三期中】函数 f （x ） = Asin （G0x + W ）（其中A A O ，申 <:丄）的图象过点2,0 ,—, -1，如图所示，为了得到 g x ；=cos2x 的图象，则只要将 f x 的图象（）312曲线B .曲线y 二g x 向左平移 C .曲线 y = f x 向右平移 D .曲线 丄个单位长度后得到曲线6■JT个单位长度后得到曲线6—个单位长度后得到曲线12—个单位长度后得到曲线126丿即/(x )+^(x) =A. 向右平移二个单位长度6B. 向右平移个单位长度1233【答案】D+ 卩= --- 2A H (A:E Z) — +2lac(k e Z) 23It和八、 .K-(P — — > J (x) = SID I 2x4-—C.向左平移'个单位长度 6D.向左平移个单位长度12【解析】12 3TSJD3it71 1C — cos2x — sin 2无+—2 3二肚2 "12点睛：已知函数 y=Asi nicx 」‘LB （A -0,八＞0）的图象求解析式 (1)y max — y min y max yminA, B =一 2由函数的周期T 求co ,T = 利用“五点法”中相对应的特殊点求:.【广东省执信中学 2017-2018学年高二上学期期中】将函数 y=Sin j 2x ' 的图象向右平移 一个单位2长度，所得图象对应的函数■: 7 二■: 7 二A 在区间［,］上单调递减B 在区间［,］上单调递增12 12 12 12J ［ JEJ ［ J ［C.在区间^-,-］上单调递减D在区间［wy 上单调递增【答案】B兀【解析】将函数向右平移个单位长度得:((y =sin 2 x 一一J T(二 sin I 2x- 3 ，所以当7 2 二二二时，2x ，—12 3IL 2 24 •【陕西省西安市长安区2018届高三上学期质量检测】把函数.的图象上个点的横坐标缩短到原61 TI来的（纵坐标不变），再将图象向右平移个单位，那么所得图象的一个对称中心为23A B.c D (%)4【答案】D【解析】根据题意函数尸血时勺）的图象上个点的横坐标缩短到原来的k纵坐标不知，可得厂血伍昇6 2I创再将團象向右平移*单位，可得：V J sin|2 （x）+ -] = sin —）- ~cos2x^3 3 6 22K ■- + kn*2可得：x«- + -kn, kE疋"4 2当k・0时，可得对称中点为（：0）.4故选ZZf x二cosi2x • 的图象，只需将函数I 6丿g x 二sin2x 的图象（）A向左平移一个单位6C. 向左平移二个单位3【答案】A B向右平移一个单位6D向右平移少个单位3，所以函数单调递增，故选 B.125.【山东省莱芜市2018届高三上学期期中】要得到函数f x i = sin 「x ■ ' （其中）的图象如图2所示，为了得到 y 二cos 「x 的图象，只需把 y 二f x 的图象上所有点（）【解析】g x 二 sin2x =cos所以向左平移n 二26 个单位，选A2 66 •【辽宁省沈阳市交联体2018届高三上学期期中】函数C.向左平移二个单位长度6【答案】AT 7 7T更jr 【解析】根据函数的^m-=—4 122九"所以：T^JL9<D=——=2>当沪彳时，函数fyr jr即：/ ( —) =sin (2x — +<p) =0.解得所以:f (x) =sin( 2x+ —).要得到y=cos2x的图象只需将函数 f (x) =sin(2x< )向左平移.个单位长度,3 12n 兀即y=sin (2x+ + ) =cos2x.6 3故选：A.点睛：已知函数y=Asi n[cx」‘LB(A 0^ 0)的图象求解析式(1 )2■:人=涯沁，ymin.(2)由函数的周期T求,T =2 2 ⑷利用“五点法”中相对应的特殊点求:.【豫西南部分示范性高中2017-2018年高三年级第一学期联考】已知函数f X =sin 2x，为得到B.向右平移.个单位长度12D.向右平移二个单位长度6A向左平移.个单位长度123A 向左平移二个单位长度 B.向左平移.个单位长度612C.向右平移二个单位长度D.向右平移二个单位长度612【答案】A【解析】函数 g x 二 cosi2x sin ；2xsin 12x —• I 6丿 126丿 J 3丿函数f （x ）=s in ”2x +工1= sin |2 " x +丄1+》=sin " 2x +2兀】=g （ x ），是向左平移了工个单位长 2 V 3丿 [16丿3 一 V 3丿“丿 6度。

天津一中、益中学校 2017-2018-1 高二年级英语学科模块质量调查试卷本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）、第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共 100 分，考试用时90 分钟。

第I 卷1 至4 页，第II 卷1 至1 页。

考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。

祝各位考生考试顺利!I. 听力(10%)第一节(共 5 小题)第一卷听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What are they talking about?A. A dictionary.B. A bookshop.C. A movie.2. When will the meeting begin?A. 9:00.B. 10:00.C. 12:00.3. How much is the woman going to pay for the hat?A. $80.B. $72.C. $88.4. What do you think the man has bought?A. A bowl of ice cream.B. A nice dress.C. Some strawberries.5. What can we learn about the woman in the conversation? A.She is a good friend of Mary’s.B. She never uses make-up herself.C. She was unhappy to hear the man’s comment.第二节(共 15 小题)听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

本试卷分为第1卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。

考生务必将答案涂写答题纸或答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第1卷（选择题，共44分）一、单项选择题（本题共8小题，每题3分，共24分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1、2017年11月15日，我国自行研制的风云三号D星发射升空，这是一颗极轨气象卫星，运行周期约为100分钟。

而11月5日，北斗三号双星发射升空，标志着我国的北斗导航系统进入全球组网时代。

北斗系统中的同步定点卫星与风云卫星相比，下列说法正确的是( )A．两种卫星都可能经过天津上空B．北斗卫星的周期约为风云卫星的14.4倍C．北斗卫星的运行速度可能比风云卫星的大D．北斗卫星的向心力一定比风云卫星的大2、如图所示，A、B、C是水平面上同一直线上的三点，其中AB=BC，在A点正上方的O点以初速度v0水平抛出一小球，刚好落在B点，小球运动的轨迹与OC的连线交于D点，不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g，下列说法不正确的是( )A. 小球从O到D点的水平位移是从O到B点水平位移的1/2B．小球经过D点与落在B点时重力瞬时功率的比为1/2C．小球从O到D点与从D到B点两段过程中重力做功的比为1/3D．小球经过D点时速度与水平方向夹角的正切值是落到B点时速度与水平方向夹角的正切值的1/43、如图所示，有一个内壁光滑的圆锥形漏斗竖直放置，一个质量为m的小球在漏斗内壁某水平面内做匀速圆周运动。

若漏斗的侧壁与竖直方向夹角为θ，小球运动的圆平面到漏斗底端的距离为h，则下列说法正确的是( )A. 小球受到内壁的支持力与h 无关，随θ的增大而增大B ．小球运动的向心加速度与θ无关，随h 的增大而增大C ．小球运动的线速度与θ无关，随h 的增大而增大D ．小球运动的角速度与h 无关，随θ的增大而增大4、如图所示，一小球以初速度v 做竖直上抛运动，到达的最大高度为H 。