浅析傲慢与偏见中四种不同婚姻An Analysis of Four Different Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

毕业论文题目：分析《傲慢与偏见》中四种不同婚姻的形成Title: Analyze the Formation of Four Different Marriages in Pride andPrejudice2009 年5 月25 日AcknowledgementsI’m so excited to present this thesis to you. I had so much gain in half-yearly writing. Thank you to everyone who helps me and my thesis.Thank you to my mother and father. You’re the best parents in the world. Thanks for all of your love and support during my life. And thanks for the great meals.Thank you to Mrs. Han. You’re one of the teachers I know in school who is really sincere, earnest and beautiful. Thanks for your suggestion, instruction and encouragement. And thanks for putting up with my calls at inconvenient time for you. I’m really happy I got a chance to work together with you revising and editing on this thesis.To all my friends, teachers and authors, thank you for all that you have done for me. I’m appreciative of all that I have learned from you.I couldn’t have done it without any of you.Thank you !AbstractPride and Prejudice, originally titled First Impressions, which is written by fresh and refinement witty language, tortuous plot, and full of drama color. It’s the most popular work of Jane Austen’s works. The work bases on the marriage experience of Bennet’s several daughters, and the main plot lines in Elizabeth and Darcy’s emotional experience. It displays the marital status of British social noble estate in the later 18th century. The thesis discusses the formation of four different marriages --- sex desire marriage, material marriage, moral marriage and perfect marriage in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. The analysis is that one’s character influenced the formation of marriages and the social issues have a restrictive effect on them. It attempts to use the four marriages to show us that the harmonious marriage is the combination of physical life and mental life. Love, money, status and knowledge are the four important cause of happiness.Key words: marriage; love; money; social issue;摘要《傲慢与偏见》原名为《最初的印象》。

提纲1.小说背景该故事发生在18世纪末19世纪初的英国乡镇，当时该地还是非常闭塞并且保守。

故事描写了中产阶级家庭班内特一家的女儿们对待婚姻选择结婚对象的不同态度。

2.介绍小说中的四段婚姻（1)莉迪亚与威克姆的婚姻（激情狂热型) 莉迪亚.班内特是班内特先生家的最小的女儿，排行第五，个性天真而鲁莽，年幼无知，为人轻薄,头脑简单，品味低级，但是遗传了班内特太太的美貌。

威克姆是个外表英俊的花花公子，此人比较奸诈，对感情也不认真。

两人草率私奔，在达西的大力帮助下两人才得以结婚。

他们的婚姻最终是个悲剧。

（2）夏洛蒂与科林斯的婚姻（世俗利益型）夏洛蒂。

卢卡斯是伊丽莎白的好朋友，也是邻近地主的女儿，她没有财产，长得也不漂亮,但是很精明，属于大龄剩女,27岁还没有人向她求婚。

科林斯是班内特家里的近亲,他古板、平庸又善于奉承，依靠权势当上了牧师。

由于班内特家中无子,而当时法律规定只有男性可以继承财产，因此班内特家中的财产将由科林斯继承。

他向伊丽莎白求婚遭到拒绝，马上就向夏洛蒂求婚。

夏洛蒂结婚只为获得物质条件，科林斯只想找个人结婚完成任务，两人的婚姻是互惠互利的。

（3）简与宾利的婚姻（才子佳人型）简。

班内特是家中的大女儿，知性优雅，却不善于表达自己的感情，常常自怨自艾。

宾利是达西的好友,外表英俊，是个有钱的单身汉。

两人在一次派对上一见钟情，后来几经波折，最终美满的结婚在一起。

(4）伊丽莎白与达西的婚姻（相知相通型）伊丽莎白。

班内特在家中排行第二，聪明机智，有胆识有远见,自尊心很强，对事情有自己的见解。

达西仪表堂堂，为人骄傲，内向，导致很多人对他有偏见。

两人的爱情曲折，富有戏剧性，最终解除误会，相爱结婚。

3.当今婚姻状况上述四种婚姻类型在当今世界也是屡见不鲜,有人因为冲动结婚，有人因为物质利益结婚，有人因为一见钟情结婚，有人因为彼此相爱相知结婚.也有人裸婚，闪婚，闪离。

4.启示爱情是一种珍贵的东西，是一种单纯的情感。

结婚却很复杂，需要考虑很多因素，更多时候会和金钱联系在一起.没有爱情的婚姻是可怕的，是虚无的。

分析傲慢与偏见中的四种不同婚姻作者：王丹来源：《青年文学家》2011年第24期摘要：《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁的代表作，是她自己最喜爱也最受读者喜爱的作品。

小说主要讲述了伊利莎白与达西、简与宾利、夏洛特与柯林斯、莉迪亚与威克汉等人的爱情与婚姻，表达自己对建立在相互信任和真诚爱情基础上的婚姻的赞扬和对门第财产和情欲为基础的婚姻的讽刺。

关键词：傲慢与偏见；爱情；婚姻[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2011)-24-0064-02“单身男人一旦有了钱财，必定想要寻妻觅偶，这是举世公认的真理。

这个真理早已深深扎根于人们的心中，所以每当这样一个男人初到某地，左邻右舍即使对他的感受和想法还一无所知，也总会把它视为自己某个女儿应得的一份财产。

”这是简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中开篇的一段话，引出了一段发生在十九世纪初英国的关于爱与价值的经典故事。

众所周知，奥斯丁在这部小说中通过贝内特家几个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对爱情婚姻问题的不同态度，从而也反映了作者本人对爱情和婚姻的想法。

因此，她既反对以金钱为目的的结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。

她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。

一、伊利莎白与达西：幸福的婚姻伊利莎白·贝内特是这部小说的主人公。

她生性活泼，观察力敏锐，性情没有姐姐柔顺，倒是更有主见。

虽然伊利莎白出身于小地主家庭，没有受过非常正规的教育，也没有那些所谓的“贵族小姐”那样多才多艺，但她饱读诗书，喜欢交际，是五个女儿中父亲最宠爱的。

第一次遇见达西是在一次舞会：所有男士都积极邀请自己喜欢的女士跳舞，唯独达西独自在大厅里四处走动，把女士们冷落一旁。

当朋友宾利劝说达西邀请伊利莎白跳舞时，达西更表示了一种十分傲慢的态度，直接拒绝与之共舞。

事实上达西此刻已对伊利莎白萌生好感，他为她那双深邃的眼睛而着迷，也为她活泼幽默的气质所倾倒。

《傲慢与偏见》透析下的婚姻观本文解读了十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家简·奥斯丁的代表作《傲慢与偏见》。

通过分析小说中五种不同类型的婚姻，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者的婚姻观：财产、门第和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个要素，为了金钱和地位而结婚是错误的，没有男女双方感情做基石的婚姻注定会失败；婚姻应以爱情为基础，财产为保障。

奥斯丁的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件之间的关系，但爱情起着更为重要的作用，这一点在她所处的时代以及现代社会都是具有重要现实意义的。

标签：《傲慢与偏见》；简·奥斯丁；爱情；财产；婚姻简·奥斯丁是众所周知的十九世纪英国文学巨匠和伟大的现实主义小说家，她的作品真实地反映了社会现实以及她所处时代女性的社会地位。

她出生在英格兰的一个小村庄，作为一个乡村牧师的女儿，她未曾接受过正式的学校教育，教育生活主要来自家庭。

她12岁就开始了写作生涯，在短暂的四十二年的人生中，奥斯丁共创作了六部关于爱情与婚姻的小说，这一创作过程也是其对于婚姻的观点发生进步性改变的一个成长过程。

因为她有限的个人经历，奥斯丁的作品也没有触及到性，暴力，死亡等主题。

她的小说主要描写中产阶级青年男女恋爱婚姻的故事以及妇女生活，以此来表达她对爱情和婚姻的价值观。

她以女性特有的细致观察和生动的词汇来描述她周围的一个小小世界。

《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁的代表作品。

这部作品基于现实，生动地反映了十八世纪末到十九世纪初英国保守和闭塞的乡村生活特性。

在当时社会背景中，女人是没有任何社会地位的。

要生存，女人就必须结婚，才能得到经济依托。

婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。

小说里，奥斯丁描写了伊丽莎白的姐妹们以及她的朋友的婚姻。

通过描述不同类型的婚姻，形成鲜明的对比从而衬托出奥斯丁自己的婚姻观。

如夏洛特和柯林斯，虽然他们的结婚建立在舒适的物质生活之上，但他们没有真正的爱情。

1.引言《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀最受欢迎的小说。

它以英国乡间生活为背景，讲述了18世纪后半期乡绅阶级（中产阶级）青年女子的恋爱与婚姻故事。

简·奥斯汀在小说中主要涉及了四桩婚姻，并且各有各的特点，她透过小说中各个人物的爱情与婚姻，表达了自己对爱情与婚姻的独到看法。

2.四桩婚姻2.1简·贝内特的婚姻—最美满的婚姻贝内特家的大女儿简温柔可爱，漂亮大方，对人总是往好的一面去想。

就是她的这些迷人气质完全吸引了年轻英俊、潇洒富有的宾利。

两人的爱情建立在相互吸引和相互爱慕的基础上。

正如同绝大多数的小说一样，好事总是多磨。

虽然属上层社会的宾利一家和中产阶级贝内特一家互相来往，宾利姐妹也与可爱迷人的简交好，但是骨子里瞧不起她的出身。

而宾利的好友达西更是由于对贝内特一家家世的偏见而反对这门婚事。

宾利生性随和，办事常常缺乏主见，在与简恋爱的这件事上，不由自主的受到了家人与好友的影响。

而简，作为一位淑女，主动向异性表达爱慕是离经叛道的行为，会令社会所不齿。

于是，她把对宾利的爱意深埋心中不外露。

这些险些断送了他们的婚姻。

但是，爱情的力量是伟大的，分离的日子反而更加深了两人之间的思念与爱慕，最终他们抛弃了身份地位的重重阻碍走到了一起。

这是一桩令人艳羡的美满婚姻。

2.2夏洛特·卢卡斯的婚姻—最实际的婚姻在当时那个以财富和地位决定人际关系的时代，婚姻的选择自然也受制于这种社会价值标准。

爱情似乎成了婚姻考虑中的奢侈品，情感因素被排斥，人的内在价值也被忽略。

夏洛特·卢卡斯与柯林斯的婚姻就充分体现了这点。

柯林斯是个牧师，虽然只是中产阶级，但也算收入稳定，衣食无忧。

他的婚姻观很现实，那就是要找个太太。

至于他和太太是否相互吸引，是否有爱情，统统都不重要。

所以，他来到贝内特家后，先是看上了最漂亮的简，后得知简已有对象后，就把目标放在了聪明伶俐、理性明智的伊丽莎白·贝内特身上。

商业故事ＢＵＳＩＮＥＳＳ　ＳＴＯＲＹ１２４企业文化·Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ　ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ摘要：《傲慢与偏见》作为 简·奥斯汀的代表作，通过几对有情人的爱情之路的坎坷发展，告诉我们爱情的真谛。

这种爱情观点陈述对今天的我们依然有着很好的指导与借鉴意义。

在英国文学作品中，《傲慢与偏见》所产生的影响力已经远远超出了文学本身的范畴。

在这篇小说中，作者用生动的故事情节刻画出栩栩如生的人物形象及其不同的爱情选择。

本文主要分析作品中四姐妹的婚姻观。

关键词：傲慢与偏见；四姐妹；婚姻观引言婚姻对于女性来讲具有重要的意义，一个失败的婚姻将会在很大程度上将自己的命运滑至无底的深渊。

在中外文学作品中，有很多反映女性进行爱情选择的作品，其中具有较为广泛的代表性的当属英国近现代小说的代表《傲慢与偏见》。

故事围绕不同男女主人公的爱情选择来展开，为世人揭示了在资本主义发展初期，大众的婚姻观。

直到今天，探究其所具有的启示依然具有重要的现实价值。

一、《傲慢与偏见》基本梗概在进行分析四姐妹的不同的婚姻观之前，有必要对整部小说的发展脉络来进行初步的梳理，有助于剖析四姐妹不同婚姻观的产生的内在渊源及其所产生的影响。

故事的主人公是伊丽莎白与达西，他们在整部小说中的情感纠葛成了贯穿整个小说向前推进的重要因素。

起初，在一次偶然的舞会上，伊丽莎白与家境显赫的达西可以说是一见钟情。

但是他们的爱情之路却充满坎坷。

达西的形象在小人的中伤之下，一次又一次的沉到伊丽莎白内心的最低处。

但是，高傲的达西却不肯为自己的委屈与冤枉进行辩白。

在时间的洗礼下，两个人之间的误会慢慢地得到了澄清。

伊丽莎白终于认识到了达西在自己心目中的位置。

同样，达西也愿意放下自己的冷漠与孤傲，开始勇敢地牵起心爱女人的手，在岁月的长河中一起享受岁月的静好。

［１］和伊丽莎白轰轰烈烈的几经曲折的爱情相比，大姐的婚姻却是波澜不惊，在每天的重复中，享受着最为简单的幸福。

当然，老三与老四的爱情，则是对当时追求物欲横流社会的一种讽刺，在打着爱情名义的物质交换下的婚姻其最终所会换来的必将是难以演变的苦楚。

试析《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观摘要爱情是生活和文学永恒的主体，爱情和婚姻几乎是女人生活的全部。

对女人生活关注和记录的文学作家让人敬爱。

18世纪最伟大的女性作家简奥斯汀的存在是英国文学史和整个世界的幸事。

她的作品主要关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活，以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地。

特别擅长塑造人物和刻画性格的简奥斯汀给我们带来她那最成功和最具生命力和影响力的传世之作傲慢与偏见。

本文通过分析《傲慢与偏见》中四对青年人的婚姻故事，总结了奥斯汀的既屈从于世俗又超越于世俗的婚姻观：爱情是美满婚姻的先决条件，美满婚姻的产生又往往受财产、门第和人的性格等诸多因素的影响。

再分析现代社会婚姻因素，从而得出自己的见解：美满的婚姻一般是客观条件如财富，社会地位，机遇等和主观条件如道德品性，自我修养，用心追求等的结合。

其中主观因素占主导，因此我们都有能力努力提高自身修养，有权利和机会去追求理想的爱情婚姻。

本文希望通过这样一个话题的探究引发读者对爱情和婚姻观的思考。

尤其对于我们女大学生，在对婚姻生活的思考上，此小说此方面可以起到借鉴作用。

关键字：傲慢与偏见；女性；婚姻; 条件因An Analysis of the view on marriage in Pride andPrejudiceABSTRACTLove is a permanent theme in life as well as in literature，and marriage is a fixed convention in a society. love and marriage are nearly the whole part in a woman‟s life. For those writers who especially concerned about women' existence state and fate are really admirable and respectable. The greatest female English writer in 18th century Jane Austin is a fortune for both English literature and the whole world. Her greatest work The Pride and Prejudice is a gift to the world.Jane is always good at characters mould and portraying personality in her own view as a woman. This thesis try to reveal Jane' viewpoint of marriage by analyzing four different marriage situations to some degree summary her perception of marriage: Mutual Attraction and Mutual Understanding is the base of true love ; true love is important for marriage ; Material conditions is a necessary for marriage. A safe marriage should based on the combination between some external factors (wealth, social standing, opportunity) and internal factors （morality ,self-cultivation, self-pursuit). However, the later greatly outweigh the former. Everybody has the ability to be well cultivated, and he or she also has the right and chance to go after a happy marriage. This thesis gives a topic aboutwoman's marriage hope to motivate readers especially the young ladies to give sound thoughts about the value of marriage. It helps to guide we female college students in pursuing our love and marriage.Key words: pride and prejudice ; women; marriage；FactorCONTENTS摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)1INTRODUCTION (1)2 THE AUTHOR AND THE NOVEL (2)2.1.1Jane Austine (2)2.1.2 Pride and Prejudice (2)3 FPUR MARRIAGES IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE (4)3.1 Collines and Charlotte (5)3.2 Lydia and Wikham (5)3.3Jane and Bingley (6)3.4 Darce and Elizabeth (6)4 VIEWS ON PRIDE AND PRIJUDICE (8)4.1Character and Self-Cultivation (8)4.2Attraction and True Love (9)4.3Financial Stability (8)5 CONCLUSION (12)BIBLIOGRAPHY (13)An Analysis of the Views on Marriage in Pride andPrejudice1 Introduction1.1 The BackgroundsJane Austen is one of the greatest and best loved novelists in English literature and one of the most important pioneers in the English realistic novel. In Austen‟s whole life, she writes six novels together. Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen‟s most successful and popular masterpiece. Its original name is First Impressions. It has been popular for nearly two hundred years with its intricate narrative structure, sparkling prose, witty dialogue and vivid as well as subtle description of inner thoughts.At the end of 18th century and the beginning of 19th century, English is centered on man. No equality between women and men. Women were in rather low status. Besides, legal rule showed that women had no rights in inheritance of property. It was widely accepted and acknowledged that women could not have a better choice than be a honored housewife. As a result, for a survival, a woman had to seek a way to ensure a safety in material. And obviously, marriage was the only hope and great opportunity.In the novel, the author mainly describes four marriages: intelligent Elizabeth and decent Darcy, mild Jane and pleasant Bingley, vulgar Collins and mediocre Charlotte, empty-minded Lydia and dissolute Wickham. By describing the four different marriages---The Despicable Marriage of Collins and Charlotte‟s, The Shallow Marriage of Wickham and Lydia‟s, The Happy Marriage of Bingley and Jane‟s, The Consummate Marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy‟s, Austin shows us how one‟s ch aracter reflects his or her different attitudes towards love and marriage in Britain during the early 19th century.1.2 The Objectives of This ThesisTo know Jane Austen and her literature style through an representative novel;To have a general impression on marriage life in 19th century of England;To learn to analyze and appreciate different characters in a novel;To get views on the object of love,marriage and life2 Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice2.1 Jane AustenJane Austen (1775-1817), a most well-known female writer in the history of English literature, was born in Stevenson on December 16 1775. And she lived peacefully in a small social circle all her life. She was the youngest of seven children in her family. She received most of her education at home. Her family members are all fond of reading books, which influenced her very much. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she admired Dr. Johnson particularly. Later she was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. She died on July 18 ，1817 and she never married. Austen was buried in the cathedralin Winchester.Jane Austen wrote only six complete novels, two of which were published after her death. Her best-known books include Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), and Emma (1816). Each is perfect, and there is no choosing between them for one who enjoys her quiet irony and her simple delicate analysis of character. There are neither heroic passions nor astounding adventures. Northanger Abbey is a gentle satire on the mystery tale of haunted castles. And in all her novels the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction. Her style is easy and effortless. In these novels the life of the gentry, land-owners and clergy at the end of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth centuries is shown in detail.All Jane Austen's work shows a recognizable standard of values .Her father was a country vicar, so Jane took for granted that a person should be sincere, unselfish, disinterested and unworldly, and that virtue should be judged by good sense and good taste. These beliefs are fundamental to her work. Throughout her life Jane Austen had been guided by Christian principles, and she accepted the Church's teaching without question. Her faith is implicit in all her writing: the virtues of a disciplined life, a caring relationship between husband and loving upbringing, are reflected in her letters and in her novels. At her death she expected to appear before God and be judged. Jane Austen's interest revolved around people-their eccentricities, appearance and dialogue. From them she created the characters which give her novels universal and lasting appeal.2.2 Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is the most enduringly popular novel written by Jane Austen. It is Jane Austen's second novel. Written between October 1796 and August 1799.The original name of the story is “First Impression”, because the appearances of the characters created the plot of the novel. The novel shows the foolishness of trusting first impressions which are corrected by understanding and reflection. The author fully expresses her views on marriage that an ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and mutual understanding, and the successful marriage must be also based on true love and financial stability. In Pride and Prejudice the business of Mrs. Bennett‟s whole life was to get her five daughters married, for on the death of her husband the family's house would devolve by entail on to a cousin and she and the girls would be homeless. Consequently she heard with elation that Nether field Park, one of the great houses of the neighborhood, had been let to a London gentleman named Mr. Bingley. Gossip such as Mr. Bennet loved reported him a rich and altogether eligible young bachelor. Mr. Bennet heard the news with his usual dry calmness, suggesting in his mild way that perhaps Bingley was not moving into the country for the single purpose of marrying one of the Bennet daughters.In Pride and Prejudice，the four young couples' marriage can be categorized into two groups according to their different marriage foundation. Simply one just like Charlotte— Collins and Lydia —Wickham is called unhappy marriage based not on true love. The other one like Elizabeth — Darcy and Jane — Bingley is the opposite. It is their marriages that come to a real happy end. By analyzing the four marriages in this novel, we can see Jane Austen's views on marriage.2.1 International ReviewsAfter the publication of Jane Austen‟s Pride and Prejudice, the novel has aroused great waves from readers and people who have pondered it in the west, with reverence books emerging in larger numbers. Kenneth L. Moler, considers main characters as central targets to further exploration. Moler traces the evolution of Darcy's character. In Moler's view, the novel hinges on the central tension between Elizabeth Bennet's individualism and Darcy's faith in an established social order. (Moler, 1967),some critics think highly of characterization in Pride and Prejudice as well as the novel's scenes of domestic life. Some other example about character study is Francis, she connects the historical background surrounding with both Jane Austen and the novel Pride and Prejudice, including a critique of Austen's treatment of both male and female characters. (Francis, 2005) Apart from these comments, some critics usually choose the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy to represent their interpretations of what is ideal marriage. Stovel believes that Austen's novel introduces the interpretation that Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy's relationship is an example of ideal love, as well as the view that it is an "immediate and magnetic attraction. (Stovel, 2005) Besides, some researches focusing on text itself which enable us have a good understanding of English history. For example, Brown talks over the issue that how Austen offers a powerful commentary on the changes in society, gender attitudes, and class structure in early nineteenth century England. (Brown, 2007)2.2 Domestic ReviewsComparing to the studies in the west, the domestic studies on Pride and Prejudice; have focused on several categories over twenty years.The first phase emphasis the ethics of marriage appeared in Pride and Prejudice. As is known to all of us, the novel has given the relatively significance of marriage, as in all Jane Austen novels, most of scholars and critics have a tendency to believe that the main business of Pride and Prejudice is the disposal of young woman marriages. Such subject criticisms of Pride and Prejudice, articles and essays that have probed Austen‟s work in relation to the typical four marriages represented in novel. Yi Wenqing, Y ang Guiqing, An Lina, Y an Junling are the examples in discussing the question. Yi Wenqing makes a comparison between Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice, two classics as the topic to explore a matter of attitudes focusing on marriages in later 18th century and early 19th century, thus to deem the conclusion that the marriages among the young women in Pride and Prejudice is resulted from the financial states, while Jane‟s marriage is established on the basic stone of spiritual equality.(Yi Wenqing, 2010) However, An Lina tries to select the heroine in Gone with the Wind as a object to compare with Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice, so as to reflect their personal responses toward love and marriages under the influence of their designed features in characters.(An Lina, 2009) Generally speaking, the variety of marriages are directly decided by their personalities and social values, basing on suchstatement, Y an Junling tends to analysis it with the special perspectives of marriage.(Y an Junling, 2008)With respect to the female characters, Elizabeth Bonnet, the heroine and other young single women in Pride and Prejudice, are always the key point of critiques, and Feminism is considered as a new tendency of literary theory shaping our views to analysis the female novels. Pride and Prejudice is the first attempt to describing the female history as a unforgettable experience, its relation to female‟s independence and equality has been widely studied by Liu Chang and Zhu Wanying, the former deems that Pride and Prejudice is a classic which used female perspective to reflect female experience and sentimental emotions.(Liu Chang, 2009) Later notes the essence of marriage in 19th century is the female‟s self-awareness in relation between the marriage and fortune, love , as the source of creation, is really a perspective quiet important in Austin‟s attitude toward ideal marriage.(Zhu Wanying, 2008).3 Four Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceThe stories show the ordinary lives, feelings of the ordinary people. They were linked up in a harmonious order under the author's meticulous concepts. The work mainly describes four marriages. Two are the main and assisted by the other two assis tant marriages. “Darcy and Elizabeth‟s love and marriage is the main theme of this work. After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy‟s arrogance and Elizabeth‟s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally get married. The marriage of Elizabeth‟s sister Jane and Darcy‟s friend Bingley is another clue. They deeply love each other, but they are multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane misses Bingley very much. The two marriages reflects the another point of view in positive way that marriage should be base d on true love, which is the ideal marry in the author‟s opinion. The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts. However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins is a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which help to make the plots more tortuous and richer.”3.1 Collins and CharlotteCharlotte Lucas is Elizabeth's friend who, at 27 years old, fears becoming a burden to her family and therefore agrees to marry Mr. Collins, whom she does not love, to gain financial security. Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage (as seen in the anticipated success of Elizabeth-Darcy relationship and failure of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet relationship), Austen never seems to condemn the decision of Charlotte to marry for money.William Collins, aged 25, is Mr. Bennet's clergyman cousin and heir to his estate. He is "not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society." Mr. Collins is obsequious, pompous, and lacking in common sense. Elizabeth's rejection of Mr. Collins's marriage proposal is welcomed by her father, regardless of the financial benefit to the family of such a match. Mr. Collins then marries Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas.In Pride and Prejudice, when the homely and plain Charlotte decided to marryCollins, Her reflections were in general satisfactory, without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object, it was the only honorable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune. In fact what Charlotte asks is only a comfortable shatter, a higher social position and a better wealth. Which she explains to Elizabeth, “I am not romantic you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state.” (Austen, 113) For Collins, he is a man who does not know what love is at all. When Mr. Collins first proposed to Elizabeth, much to her mother's displeasure and her father's joy her firmly and promptly rejected him. He almost immediately transferred his affections to Elizabeth's best friend, Charlotte Lucas, who, twenty-seven and somewhat homely, accepted at once his offer of marriage. Collins‟ decision to marry Charlotte is only because of Elizabeth‟s refusal to him. What he needs is just a wife who helps him not to be a bachelor any more.3.2 Lydia and WickhamLydia Bennet is the youngest Bennet sister, aged 15 when the novel begins. She is frivolous and headstrong. Her main activity in life is socializing, especially flirting with the officers of the militia. She dominates her older sister Kitty and is supported in the family by her mother. Lydia shows no regard for the moral code of her society, and no remorse for the disgrace she causes her family.George Wickham has been acquainted with Mr. Darcy since childhood, having been under the guardianship of Mr. Darcy's father. An officer in the militia, he is superficially charming and rapidly forms an attachment with Elizabeth Bennet. He spreads tales about the wrongs Mr. Darcy has done him, adding to the local society's prejudice, but eventually he is found to have been the wrongdoer himself. He runs off with Lydia and marries her.In the novel, we known Lydia, Mr. Bennett‟s third daughter, she was spoilt by her mother, so she was very conceited and arrogant, and behaves frivolously. Wickham, he has no other advantage except for his attractive physical appearance. In his opinion, love is lonely recreation. Due to he was trouble with a large debt, so he entices Lydia and get her love easily. When their love does not get the permission from the parents, then they elope. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love does not have happy end. Really, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she was no charming and has nothing to attract him. He does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage was admitted on the condition of Darcy's help.3.3 Jane and BingleyJane Bennet is the eldest Bennet sister. Twenty-two years old when the novel begins, she is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighborhood. Her character is contrasted with Elizabeth's as sweeter, shyer, and equally sensible, but not as clever; her most notable trait is a desire to see only the good in others. As Anna Quindlen wrote, Jane is "sugar to Elizabeth's lemonade."[7] Jane is closest to Elizabeth, and her character is often contrasted with that of Elizabeth. She is favored by hermother because of her beauty.Charles Bingley is a handsome, good-natured, and wealthy young gentleman of 23, who rents Netherfield Park near Longbourn. He is contrasted with his friend Mr. Darcy as being more kind and more charming and having more generally pleasing manners, although not quite so clever. He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others.At the first ball, Jane has a good impression of Bingley, and it is the same to Bingley. They were attracted to each other at the first sight. After the ball,” Wh en Jane and Elizabeth were alone, the former, who had been cautious in her praise of Mr. Bingley before, and expressed to her sister how very much she admired him.”(Austen, 11) For Bingley, he had an easily-led temper. He was so modest and pliable that he had no opinion about his own marriage. No matter how obvious his attachment to Jane was, he believed Darcy‟s representation of Jane‟s indifference was true. Because Mr. Bingley‟s two sisters didn‟t like Jane, they thought Mr. Bingley should choose Georgiana，she is Darcy‟s sister as his wife. So they also disagree with Bingley about his marriage with Jane. Under the influences of his sisters and Mr. Darcy, Bingley began to doubt Jane,s affection to him. Finally, he thought Jane didn‟t love him, so he left her without saying good-bye. Later, when all the misunderstandings clarified, he came back to Jane at Darcy‟s assistance. Bingley‟s indecisive character determines his happiness and results that his life was controlled by others. Later on a visit to Bingleys, Jane‟s love affair with Bingley is advanced. Even Bingley is apparently on the point of proposing to Jane. Actually Bingly is attracted by Jane‟s tenderness and beautiful appearance, while Jane is attracted by his gentle manner. They loved with each othe r.3.4 Darcy and ElizabethElizabeth Bennet is the protagonist of the novel. The reader sees the unfolding plot and the other characters mostly from her viewpoint. The second of the Bennet daughters, she is 20 years old and is intelligent, lively, attractive and witty but with a tendency to judge on first impression (the "prejudice" of the title) and perhaps to be a little selective of the evidence upon which she bases her judgments. As the plot begins, her closest relationships are with her father; her sister, Jane; her aunt, Mrs Gardiner; and her best friend, Charlotte Lucas. As the story progresses, so does her relationship with Mr. Darcy, who belongs to a higher social class than herself. The course of Elizabeth and Darcy's relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, leading to them both surrendering to the love they have for each other.Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy is the male protagonist of the novel. Twenty-eight years old and unmarried, Mr Darcy is also the wealthy owner of the famous family estate of Pemberley in Derbyshire, and is rumored to be worth at least ten thousand pounds a year. In 2013, this amounts to almost eight hundred thousand dollars a year, although even this calibration fails to properly demonstrate Darcy's wealth. Such an income would have put him among the 400 wealthiest families in the country.[5]Handsome, tall, and intelligent, but rather antisocial, his aloof decorum and rectitude are seen by many as an excessive pride. He makes a poor impression on strangers, such as thelanded gentry of Meryton, but is valued by those who know him well. Throughout the progression of the plot, Darcy and Elizabeth are forced to be in each other's company, causing each character to see the other in a different light. At the end o f the work, both overcome their differences and judgments to fall in love with each other They are the heroine and hero of this novel. At the beginning, Elizabeth refused to accept Darcy…s pursue. Because in Elizabeth's eyes, Darcy is very cold and extr emely arrogant, he is rich and has high social status, and he look down upon the middle-class girls. In particular, he insulted Elizabeth Bennet, a girl of spirit and intelligence and her father's favorite. He refused to dance with her when she was sitting down for lack of a partner, and said in her hearing that he was in no to prefer young ladies slighted by other men. But on future occasions, however, Darcy began to admire Elizabeth in spite of himself. At a later ball Elizabeth had the satisfaction of refusing him a dance. Bingley's sister Caroline, who was eager to marry Darcy and shrewdly aware of his growing admiration for Elizabeth, was especially loud in her ridicule of the Bennet family. Later, Elizabeth herself became Caroline's particular target. Darcy admitted to himself that he would be in some danger from the charm of Elizabeth, if it were not for her interior family connections. When Wickham spoke ill of Darcy, making Elizabeth have deeper antipathy and hostility towards him. When Lydia and Wickham eloped, Darcy fined them and helps them. When Lydia came home, she told Elizabeth that Darcy had attended her wedding. Elizabeth, suspecting the truth, learned from Mr. Gardiner that it was indeed Darcy who brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money. Finally, Elizabeth changed her impression of Darcy, she was more favorably inclined to him than ever before, hoped his coming meant that he still loved her, but he gave no sign. Soon afterward Lady Catherine paid the Bennets an unexpected call. Hoping her own daughter to Darcy, she had charged down with characteristic bad manners to order Elizabeth not to accept his proposal. Unluckily for her own purpose, repeated to Darcy the substance of her conversation with Elizabeth, and he knew Elizabeth well enough to surmise that her feelings to ward him had greatly changed. He returned to Netherfield Park, they fell in love with each other and became engaged. They have a happy life.4 Views on Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceThis thesis focuses on marria ge in British women writer Jane Austen‟s novel, Pride and Prejudice. The topic is elicited out by the first sentence of this novel, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” (Jane Austen, 2003: 1) Firstly, state what does a marriage mean to a woman with analyzing on what was the social status of women at Jane Austen‟s time. Secondly, give a detail introduction about four marriages in this novel and finally analyze these marriages and reach the conclusion that a marriage should be based on true love, financial stability, mutual attraction, and happiness.4.1 Self-Cultivation and CharacterThe rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth shows her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, theshallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually superior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable. She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons. Elizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesn‟t have superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for her sister‟s being lack of fairly education and her mother's rudeness and stupidity. Compared with her moderate and generous sister Jane, she is smarter and even more profound. All the Bennett's girls don't receive normal education. They are not good at drawing, playing piano, reading richly. They never have governors to train them, including the outstanding Elizabeth. However, she excels Darcy' well-trained cousin who is really well and professionally educated and far more intelligent and witty than Bingley ' sister who seems so a elegant charming upper class young lady. So it stimulate us to ponder that why Eliza is so unique compared with her sisters. We all know that they are from the same environment and the same parents. The answer is obvious. She loves reading, so she is thoughtful and wisdom. She knows how to defeat her dignity. Since she knows she is not the upper class lady, lack of advantageous material condition. She chooses to pursue mind and spiritual stuff. It results in a mature, minded and independent character. Elizabeth and Darcy were not born a great match. It is through their interactions and their critiques of each other that they recognize their faults and work to correct them. Elizabeth meditates on her own mistakes thoroughly in chapter 36: "How despicably have I acted!” she cried; “I, who have prided me on my discernment I, who have valued me on my abilities, who have often disdained the generous candor of my sister and gratified my vanity in useless or blamable distrust. How humiliating is this discovery! Y et, how just a humiliation! Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind. But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either was concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself." In the end she wins romantic love. She wins Prince Charming Mr. Darcy.4.2 Attraction and True LoveMutual attraction is the most important in the author‟s views. One who betrays his or her heart will never own true love that is beyond money and social position. This element is what Austen puts a great deal of emphasis on. The heroine in the fiction, Elizabeth, is a loyal follower of her own affection. She encourages Jane to pursue true love with Bingley, and has disgust for Caroline's overflowing flattery of Darcy for the purpose of marrying the latter whose fortune and position are a great appeal to herself, regardless of the young gentleman's affection. In face of Mr. Collins's proposal, Elizabeth refuses him without hesitation, for her cousin wants to marry her just because he thinks Elizabeth is fit to be his wife and this union is his bestowment to the Bennett‟s. Elizabeth is committed to her true feelings, because there is no mutu al attraction between them. She believes happiness marriage is grounded upon mutual。

浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的四桩婚姻摘要：简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》的开篇即写道“一个家财万贯的单身汉，必定需要一位太太，这是一个举世公认的真理。

”在我看来，这句话传递出关于婚姻问题的两个信息，一是男方需要有一定的经济基础作为婚姻的保障，也就是说经济基础是婚姻选择的充分不必要条件。

二是在18世纪末的英国，妇女在婚姻选择中处于一种从属地位，缺乏基本的选择权和主动权。

奥斯丁本人终身未婚，在四十二岁时与世长辞，而《傲慢与偏见》则是奥斯丁的成名之作，书中作者通过四桩婚姻表达了她对婚姻问题的看法以及对人性的洞察力，从其生活的乡村一隅，窥探到整个社会形态和人情世故，至今仍有其现实意义。

本文旨在通过对小说中的四桩婚姻进行分析，为读者提供一定限度的有益借鉴与思考。

关键词：婚姻爱情门第理想婚姻婚姻观一、《傲慢与偏见》中的四桩婚姻（一）夏洛特与柯林斯的婚姻—现实型婚姻夏洛特是卢卡斯爵士的长女，伊丽莎白的闺中密友，出身中产阶级，相貌平平，她向往爱情，但不奢求爱情。

只要不成为父母、家庭的累赘，她就心满意足。

柯林斯是贝内特先生的远方表侄，是个教区牧师，善于阿谀奉承，察言观色，溜须拍马功夫了得，在小说中颇具喜剧色彩。

在向伊丽莎白求婚被拒后，转而向夏洛特大献殷勤，在柯林斯眼中，婚姻只有社会属性而已。

所以二者的结合算是门当户对，各取所需。

（二）莉迪亚与威克汉姆的婚姻—情欲型婚姻莉迪亚是伊丽莎白的妹妹，生性活泼好动，涉世未深，爱慕虚荣，流连于社交场合，轻浮不够稳重。

威克汉姆则是个情场老手，典型的浪荡青年，虚伪做作，先花言巧语取得伊丽莎白的倾慕，后又见劣迹败露，与莉迪亚私通并突然结婚，并以此相要挟，还在伊丽莎白和达西之间造成了许多误解。

二人婚后穷困潦倒，悲剧结尾。

（三）简和宾格利的婚姻—浪漫式婚姻简是伊丽莎白的长姐，天生丽质，在舞会上与宾格利一见倾心，互生情愫，但简过于内敛，羞于表达自己的爱意，宾格利年轻有为，但是性格上有些犹豫不决，结果是好事多磨，历尽曲折后，二人美满结合。

傲慢与偏见中的爱情观与婚姻观《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀所创作的一部经典小说，通过描绘女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特与男主角达西先生之间的爱情故事，展现了当时社会中的爱情观与婚姻观。

本文将从不同角度探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观与婚姻观。

爱情观方面，小说中展现了四种不同的爱情观。

首先，简·奥斯汀通过伊丽莎白的眼睛呈现了浪漫主义的爱情观。

伊丽莎白追求真实的爱情，她不愿意违心地嫁给不爱的人。

其次，小说中揭示了家庭利益的爱情观。

班纳特家庭的母亲希望女儿们能找到富有的丈夫，以改变家庭的贫困状况。

这种婚姻观在当时是普遍存在的，家族背景和财富被认为是一个女子的重要资本。

再次，书中还出现了依附性的恋爱观。

例如，琼·班纳特对邻居彬格莱先生产生了极大的依赖，她相信只有依靠男性的经济能力才能过上幸福的生活。

最后，小说中还展示了冷静理智的婚姻观。

达西先生最初对伊丽莎白不屑一顾，但经历一系列的事件后，他逐渐认识到了自己爱上了伊丽莎白，并最终提出了婚姻。

婚姻观方面，小说中强调了婚姻应该建立在相互尊重和理解的基础上。

在伊丽莎白与达西的婚姻中，爱情是重要的，但更重要的是他们彼此的认同和尊重。

达西在信中向伊丽莎白解释了他过去的错误行为，并向她表达了真挚的爱意，这使得伊丽莎白重新考虑了自己对达西的看法。

奥斯汀通过这个情节告诉读者，在婚姻中，理解和宽容是非常重要的。

此外，小说中还展现了人们对于婚姻的不同追求。

一方面，班纳特夫人希望女儿们能够找到富有的丈夫，以改善家庭的社会地位。

她们认为，只要找到有钱的丈夫，他们就可以过上幸福的生活。

另一方面，伊丽莎白和达西则更加看重婚姻中的感情和心灵契合。

他们并不追求财富，而是希望找到一个可以理解和欣赏自己的人。

小说通过这种对比，提出了对于婚姻的不同看法的思考。

总之，简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》探讨了不同爱情观和婚姻观在社会中的存在。

通过伊丽莎白和达西的故事，小说强调了婚姻建立在相互尊重和理解的基础上是重要的。