(自己总结汇合)江南大学考博英语历年考题来源部分汇总及答案

考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。

四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。

insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。

只有C项符合题意。

2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。

A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。

其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。

3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编34.doc－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编34(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in management.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.implicationB.propagandaC.impulseD.refuted2.Many language teachers are______ to talk too much.（分数：2.00）A.tendB.subjectC.likelyD.inclined3.In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webpage, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.(2004年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing4.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a______ in female breadwinners. (2013年北京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.increase5.The situation there has become ______ grave in the last few days.（分数：2.00）A.continuouslyB.increasinglyC.inevitablyD.invariably6.For such a tiny woman she had a(n) ______appetite.（分数：2.00）A.potentialB.incredibleC.obviousD.inexhaustible/doc/ef30989fdcccda38376baf1ffc4ffe473268fd42.htmlnguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable infact.(2010年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently8.The degree of economic growth is an______ of the level of living.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.indexC.accessD.aspect9.I asked him where my sister was, and he______the store across the street.（分数：2.00）A.indicatedB.displayedC.pointedD.showed10.Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.conveysB.definesC.indicatesD.explains11.Can a novelist remain______to the problems of the world in which he lives?（分数：2.00）A.impartialB.indifferentC.carelessD.detached12.The actress was very______ at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference.(2007年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.extraterrestrialB.explicitC.indignantD.innovative13.Mr. Smith became very______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant14.It is well known that knowledge is the______ condition for expansion of mind.（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable15.She has become quite______to the company.(2004年湖北省考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.influential/doc/ef30989fdcccda38376baf1ffc4ffe473268fd42.htmlpulsoryC.indispensableD.essential16.Every person on the sales team is ______ because they work together well.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable17.Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an______spur to efficiency and innovation.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）B.exquisiteC.intermittentD.indispensable18.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play______roles in raising children.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite19.A teacher cannot give ______ attention to each pupil if his class is large.（分数：2.00）A.individualB.totalC.properD.definite20.The food was divided ______ according to(he age and size of the child.(2007年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally21.The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.induceB.abductC.indulgeD.lure22.When he realized he had been ______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.(2013年北京航空大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced23.The doctor told the students that a(n)______ disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.(2007 年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent24.An argument was______because they disliked each other so intensely.（分数：2.00）A.possibleB.probableC.inevitableD.decisive25.Eighty percent of mothers cradle their ______ in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

江南大学英语考试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) The man is a teacher.B) The woman is a student.C) They are colleagues.D) They are friends.答案：B2. A) The weather is cloudy.B) The weather is sunny.C) It is raining.D) It is snowing.答案：C3. A) He will go to the concert.B) He will study at home.C) He will watch a movie.D) He will play sports.答案：A（听力题目继续，每个题目包含一段对话或独白，学生需根据所听内容选择正确答案）二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

The Importance of Water ConservationWater is essential for life. It is used in agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes. However, with the increasing population and climate change, the availability of clean water is becoming a serious concern. It is crucial that we conserve water to ensure a sustainable future.问题：a. Why is water conservation important?答案：To ensure a sustainable future.b. What is the main concern regarding water availability?答案：The increasing population and climate change.2. 阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

江南大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分130.be confronted with(=be brought face to face with)面对,面临131.congratulate sb.on祝贺132.in connection with(=with regard to)关于,133.be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道134.consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意135.in consequence(=as a result)结果136.in consequence of(=as a consequence of)由于…的结果137.under consideration在考虑中138.in consideration of(=in return for,on account of,because of)由于139.on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不145.take…into consideration(=take account of,take…into account)考虑到,把…考虑进去146.considerate(=thoughtful of the needs)体贴的,考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的147.consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的.consist in主要在于.consist with 符合,与…一致148.be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致.be consistent in一贯的, 149.consult sb.on/about sth.向…征求…方面的意见,就…向…请教150.to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快examda151.be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth.愿意做某事152.contrary to(=in opposition to)与…相反153.on the contrary相反154.contrast…with把…与…相对(对照)155.in contrast to/with和…形成对比;by contrast对比之下156.contribute to有助于157.under control(被)控制住out of control无法控制158.at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点; be convenient to/for对…方便159.convince sb.of(=cause sb.to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb.to do sth.劝说某人做…160.cope with(=deal with,try to find a solution to)应付,处理161.in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境162.correspond(with)(=exchange letters regularly)通信163.correspond to相当于.correspond with符合,一致164.at all costs不惜任何代价.at the cost of以…为代价165.a matter of course理所当然的事166.as a matter of course当然地,自然地167.in(during)the course在…过程中168.in due course(=without too much delay)没经过太久,到一定时候169.on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb.credit使…感到光荣170．be critical of爱挑毛病的，批评的171.cure sb.of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172．a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger 脱离危险173.to date(=so far,until now)到目前为止174.out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)175.deal with(=concern)论及examda176.be in debt to sb.欠…的债177.on the decline在衰退中,在减少中in decline下降;on the increase在增加178.to one’s delight令某人感到高兴;to one’s regret遗憾;sorrow悲痛; relief安心;distress苦恼;shame羞愧;surprise惊奇;astonishment惊奇; 179.delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢,取乐180.take(a)delight in喜欢干…,以…为乐181.demand sth.of sb.向某人要求(非物质的)东西.demand sth.from sb.向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183.be dependent on依靠184.deprive sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物185.derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于186.despair of(=lose all hope of)绝望187.in despair绝望188.despite(=in spite of)不管,尽管189.in detail详细地190.deviate from偏离,不按…办191.on a diet吃某种特殊饮食,节食192.differ from…in与…的区别在于…本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

江南大学现代远程教育第一阶段测试卷考试科目:《大学英语（三）》时间：90分钟学习中心（教学点）批次：层次：专业：学号：身份证号：姓名：得分：第一部分：词汇与结构（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）此部分共有10个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。

1．The invention of the telephone was a great ____D___ to human communication.A) stress B) inquiry C) intention D) contribution2．Everyone of us __D____ tired and wanted a good rest.A) seem B) was seemed C) seems D)seemed3．3．Since China has entered the WTO, the ___A____ on foreign businesses will gradually be reduced.A) restrictions B) access C) exchange D) opportunity4．I’d ___C____ it if you would turn the radio down.A) amuse B) undertake C) appreciate D) suspect5．Bob took a part-time job _____D___ handbills for a cosmetic company.A) checking out B) setting up C) putting down D) giving out6．By the time we arrived at the airport, the rain ____B____already _______ .A) has …stopped B) had… stopped C) /…stopped D) / … stops7．The plane ___A____ take off at 8:30 a.m. has been delayed because of thick fog.A) due to B) already C) far from D) so far8．Take this medicine, ___C__ you will not recover.A) and B) so C) or D) because9．The computer is very useful because it is able to store ____D________.A) much information B) a number of informationsC) many informations D) a lot information10．The Internet enables us to __B______ the world without leaving home.A) register B) explore C) secure D) conduct第二部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）Passage 1Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communicationis accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally.. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille ( a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, ,Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.C11. Which of the following best summarize this passage?A) When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communicationB) Everybody uses only one form of communication.C) Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreignersD) Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest C12. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A) There are many forms of communication in existence todayB) Verbalization is the most common form of communicationC) The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communicationD) Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by languageB13. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?A) Picture sign B) Braille C) Body language D) SignalflagsC14. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?A)2-4 B)5-7 C)8-10 D) over 10A15. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn’t represent _____________.A) Spellings B) whole words C) ideas D) feelings Passage 2College brings together people from all walks of life. There are so many different types of people in the world but if you go to a college campus, you are sure to find at least one of every kind. The great part about being here with somany different people is that you get to interact with some interesting characters and see how to deal with them. You will meet the people you dread the most, the smart –ass, the brain, or the unique spirit, but no matter who it is that is your worst nightmare to be around you will always be paired up with them in a group project. When you get into the real world you are not going to be able to pick your boss or coworkers. Interacting with these people in college and living with different roommates will help you learn how to cooperate with the people in life you find so unpleasant. College life is fun. The fact that I have been here for a short time just means it has not yet been a life changing experience to me. If I were to give any tips on how to survive, it would not be how to survive college, but how to survive life. I would have to say that one should be outgoing and live life to the fullest. Meet new people whenever you can because they just may be a major influence in your life. Also, get your work done before you go out and party. Lastly, I would have to say, in life if you ever feel lost or alone, talk to someone about it. Everyone gets depressed at times in their life and there is always someone who will listen to your problems.A16.What is the theme of the passage?A) Relationships in college B)Homework in collegeC) Freedom in collegeD)Party in collegeB17. What does the author say about group projects?A) They are always unpleasant. B) They are always difficult.C) Partners may not cooperate.D) Partners may be lazyB18. Why does the author recommend meeting many new people?A) They may become your best friends B) They may influence your lifeC) They may help you someday D) They make your life more fun.D19. How would you describe the author’s personality?A) Shy and underconfident B) Strong but quietC) Extremely pessimistic. D) Optimistic and outgoingB20. What does the author say to do if you’re depressed?A) Go somewhere by yourself B)Talk to someone about itC) Try to forget about it D) See a psychologist immediatelyPassage 3Our family is trying to decide where to go for our vacation this summer. Our son, Tom, wants to go to Yellow Stone Park again to see the bears. We did that last summer and what an experience it was! When we got there, we put up our tent and went to explore. As we returned, we heard our daughter Susie cry out and then we saw a bear enter our camp. Tom wanted his father to chase him away. His father said, "No, it's dangerous to chase a bear, and don't let himchase you!" Susie said"What shall we do? Maybe we ought to climb a tree." Tom said, "No, we've got to get him out of there. He might go to sleep in our tent." "Maybe we could make him leave if we put some honey outside for him to eat." Susie suggested. Then I said, "How are you going to get the honey? It's in the tent."We watched the bear enter the tent and heard him upset everything inside. "It's foolish for us to try to catch him," said my husband, "leave him alone and wait for him to come out." We waited, but the bear stayed inside. We had to sleep in the car.B21. The family have decided to go camping in the vacation this summer.A.TB.FA22. Susie saw the bear first.A.TB.FB23. They chased the bear away when they saw a bear enter their tent.A.TB.FB24. The bear drank the beer in the tent.A.TB.FB25. Tom wanted to go to Yellow Stone Park to see wolves.A.TB.F第三部分: 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

江南大学2024年4月网络教育统考《大学英语B》统考题库试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. Which of the following is NOT a common way to improve English pronunciation?A. Listening to English songsB. Reading English booksC. Watching English moviesD. Eating more food答案：D2. What is the past participle of the verb "go"?A. goneB. goingC. wentD. go答案：A3. Choose the correct sentence:A. He has went to the store.B. He has gone to the store.C. He has went to the store yesterday.D. He has gone to the store yesterday.答案：B4. Which of the following words has the same meaning as "synonymous"?A. antonymousB. homonymousC. synonymousD. homophonic答案：C5. Which of the following is a correct definition of "bilingual"?A. A person who can speak two languagesB. A person who can speak three languagesC. A person who can speak four languagesD. A person who can speak only one language答案：A6. Choose the correct sentence:A. I didn't know she was a doctor.B. I didn't know she is a doctor.C. I didn't know she has been a doctor.D. I didn't know she was been a doctor.答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT a common way to improve English vocabulary?A. Reading English booksB. Using English dictionariesC. Watching English moviesD. Eating more food答案：D8. Choose the correct sentence:A. He didn't went to the party last night.B. He didn't go to the party last night.C. He didn't gone to the party last night.D. He didn't been to the party last night.答案：B9. What is the opposite of "expensive"?A. cheapB. costlyC. expensiveD. valuable答案：A10. Choose the correct sentence:A. She has finished her homework.B. She has finished her home works.C. She has finished the homework.D. She has finished home works.答案：A二、完形填空（每题2分，共20分）Passage:In recent years, the importance of learning English has been increasing. More and more people are trying to learn English, and many of them are using online resources to do so. However, learning English online can be challenging. In this passage, we will discuss some tips for learning English online.11. A. importanceB. significanceC. relevanceD. priority答案：A12. A. resourcesB. materialsC. toolsD. equipment答案：A13. A. althoughB. howeverC. neverthelessD. despite答案：B14. A. learnB. studyC. educateD. train答案：A15. A. becauseB. sinceC. asD. for答案：C16. A. effectiveB. efficientC. affectiveD. effective答案：A17. A. techniquesB. methodsC. strategiesD. approaches答案：C18. A. suchB. likeC. asD. for example答案：D19. A. canB. mayC. mightD. could答案：D20. A. improveB. enhanceC. increaseD. raise答案：A三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage:The Internet has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. It has opened up a world of possibilities, allowing us to access information, connect with people, and conduct business online. However, the Internet also has its downsides,including the potential for cybercrime, online scams, and information overload.21. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The benefits of the InternetB. The dangers of the InternetC. The impact of the Internet on communicationD. The role of the Internet in business答案：A22. According to the passage, what is one of the benefits of the Internet?A. It allows for face-to-face communication.B. It provides a platform for online scams.C. It offers a vast amount of information.D. It can be used to commit cybercrime.答案：C23. What is one of the dangers of the Internet mentioned in the passage?A. Information overloadB. Face-to-face communicationC. Conducting business onlineD. Online dating答案：A24. According to the passage, what is a potential negative consequence of the Internet?A. It can lead to improved communication.B. It can result in cybercrime.C. It can enhance business opportunities.D. It can provide a platform for scams.答案：B25. What is the tone of the passage?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. NeutralD. Argumentative答案：C四、翻译题（每题10分，共30分）26. 翻译以下句子："The rapid development of technology has greatly improved our quality of life."答案：技术的快速发展极大地提高了我们的生活质量。

考博英语的真题答案解析一、考博英语的重要性考博英语作为博士研究生入学考试的一部分，对于考生来说有着极其重要的意义。

具备良好的英语能力，不仅可以顺利通过考试，更有助于进一步拓宽学术研究的国际视野。

因此，考生需要认真准备考博英语，理解并熟练应用常见的解题技巧。

二、阅读理解部分解析阅读理解是考博英语的重点，也是考生最需要提高的部分之一。

解答阅读理解题时，首先需要认真阅读文章，理解文章的主旨和作者的观点。

同时，要注意文章中可能出现的难词和长句，对其进行分析翻译，以确保对文章的整体把握。

在解答问题时，可以将每个问题和相应的答案进行逐一对应，利用排除法综合考虑，找出最符合题目要求的选项。

同时，要注意选项之间的干扰关系，避免被一些迷惑人的细节所干扰。

三、完形填空部分解析完形填空是考博英语中需要考生掌握的另一个重要技巧。

首先，要通过阅读整篇短文来了解文章的大意和逻辑结构。

然后，根据短文的语境和语法要求，在给出的选项中选择最适合的答案。

在进行选择时，可以根据前后文的逻辑关系和上下文的提示，找出与文章整体一致的选项。

同时，要注意选项之间的语法搭配和词义辨析，以确保填入的答案符合语言表达的规范和意思连贯的要求。

四、翻译部分解析翻译是考博英语中需要考生具备的一项重要能力，也是综合运用语言知识和运用能力的一种形式。

在翻译部分，考生需要将给定的句子或段落从中文翻译成英文，或将英文翻译成中文。

在进行翻译时，需要对句子的语法结构和词义进行准确理解，并运用英语表达的规范和习惯进行翻译。

同时，还需要考虑语境的要求和翻译的准确性，确保所翻译的句子或段落符合原文的意思和表达要求。

五、写作部分解析写作是考生展示思想和语言运用能力的重要部分，也是考博英语中相对较难的一部分。

在写作时，需要结合给定的话题或指令，明确文章的结构和主题，并通过逻辑思维和语言表达进行准确、连贯的论述。

在提出观点和论证时，可以引用相关的事实、数据或引用他人的观点来支持自己的观点。

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionFor 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar constant energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground. With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Sun’s output without being impeded by the Earth’s atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), has been measuring the Sun’s output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite’s control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space-shuttle in 1984. Max’s observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all. The satellite’s instruments have detected frequent, small variations in the Sun’s energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0. 05 percent of the Sun’s mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Sun’s disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun’s surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2, 000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Sun’s surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max’s instruments registered 0. 3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0. 6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earth’s surface. Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Max’s data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun’s output, some scientists have thought that the satellite’s aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing Solar Max’s observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASA’s Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1．Why is it not possible to measure the solar constant accurately without a satellite?A．the Earth is too far from the Sun.B．Some areas on Earth receive more solar energy than others.C．There is not enough sunlight during the day.D．the Earth’s atmosphere interferes with the sunlight.正确答案：D解析：细节题。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The managing director took the ______ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A．guiltB．blameC．chargeD．accusation正确答案：B解析：blame n.(过错，事故的)责任；责怪，责备。

guilt n．罪，罪责。

charge n.作“罪名，指控”解时不与take搭配；take charge of sth．表示“对……负责，接管”的意思。

accusation n．指责，控告(不能说take accusation for sth．)。

2．The local authorities seemed to ______ for the accident taking place last week. (2002年上海交通大学考博试题)A．shareB．takeC．criticizeD．blame正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说，应对发生的事故受到谴责。

be to blame的意思是“应受谴责”；share的意思是“分享”；take for的意思是“以为”：criticize的意思是“批评”。

四个选项中只有D项符合题意。

3．When Tom was doing his French translation, he left ______ for all the words he did not know.A．vacanciesB．bracketsC．spacesD．blanks正确答案：D解析：blank n.空白，空白处。

vacancy n.空缺(职位)：(暂无人住的)空房；没有表情。

bracket n．括号；等级段，档次。

剩余时间: 1:28:52机考作业-大学英语（二）第一阶段一单选题（每题5分，共5题25分。

）1. - How much is this blue tablecloth?-____(5.0 分)a The green one is better.b Ten dollars and thirty cents.c It's cheap.d Yes. It's beautiful.1. Did you use to play the piano?-____.(5.0 分)a Yes, I do.b No, I didn't.c Yes, I play it every day.d No, I do.2. - Good afternoon. Can I help you?-____(5.0 分)a No. I don't think so.b Thank you.c I need to buy a birthday present for my son.d Yes. I think so.D3. - Welcome to Unitex International. I hope you will enjoy your work here.-____(5.0 分)a I can earn a lot.b Is this a good firm?c I am sure I will.d You are very kind.4. -- Hi, is Mary there, please?-____(5.0 分)a Hold on. I'll get her.b No, she isn't here.c Yes, she lives here.d Yes, what do you want?5. - Nice to see you again, Mr. Smith. How are you?-____ (5.0 分)a I miss you.b Fine. Thank you. And you?c Are you OK?d This way, please.5. - Marilyn, I'm afraid I have to be leaving now.-____ (5.0 分)a That sounds wonderful.b Oh, so early?c Not at all.d Good luck!二词汇与语法（每题5分，共5题25分。

江南大学博士考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是江南大学的主要教学特色？A. 工程实践B. 创新研究C. 文化传承D. 军事训练答案：D2. 江南大学位于中国哪个省份？A. 江苏省B. 浙江省C. 安徽省D. 江西省答案：A3. 江南大学的历史可以追溯到哪个年份？A. 1900年B. 1902年C. 1905年D. 1911年答案：B4. 江南大学的主要学科领域包括以下哪项？A. 法学B. 医学C. 农学D. 管理学答案：C5. 下列哪项不是江南大学提供的博士学位类型？A. 哲学博士（Ph.D.）B. 工程博士（Eng.D.）C. 教育博士（Ed.D.）D. 法律博士（J.D.）答案：D二、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述江南大学在科研方面的主要成就。

答案：江南大学在科研方面取得了显著成就，特别是在食品科学与工程、生物工程、纺织工程等领域。

大学拥有多个国家级和省部级科研平台，积极参与国家重大科研项目，发表了大量高水平的学术论文，并获得了多项国家级科研奖项。

2. 江南大学如何培养学生的创新能力和实践技能？答案：江南大学通过多种方式培养学生的创新能力和实践技能。

首先，大学提供了一系列创新课程和工作坊，鼓励学生参与科研项目。

其次，学校与多家企业建立了合作关系，为学生提供实习和实践机会。

此外，江南大学还定期举办创新竞赛和研讨会，激发学生的创新思维。

三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述江南大学在推动地方经济社会发展中的作用。

答案：江南大学在推动地方经济社会发展中发挥了重要作用。

首先，大学通过科研成果转化，为地方企业提供技术支持，促进了产业升级和经济增长。

其次，江南大学的毕业生为地方输送了大量高素质人才，满足了社会对专业人才的需求。

此外，大学还通过社会服务活动，如社区教育、文化推广等，增强了地方的文化软实力和社会凝聚力。

2. 论述江南大学在国际化进程中的策略和成就。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.（分数：2.00）petepetitionpetitivepetence2.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.（分数：2.00）A.sophisticatedpetitiveC.considerateD.superficial3.Unless my room is warmer tonight, I'm going to______ to the hotel manager.（分数：2.00）plainB.argueC.blameD.reason4.We ______ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.（分数：2.00）A.describeB.subjectC.attributeD.refer5.A small child has to learn to keep its ______ before it can walk far.（分数：2.00）A.weightB.balanceC.scaleD.stability6.They seem to be ______ of all kind feelings for the poor.（分数：2.00）A.bankruptB.unawareckingD.vacant7.I have a number of______to make about this hotel so I wish to see the manager.（分数：2.00）A.claimsB.accusationsC.explanationsplaints8.Don't poke your nose into what doesn't ______ you.（分数：2.00）A.connectB.relateC.concernD.interest9.Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ______.（分数：2.00）A.obligationsC.observationsD.considerations10.When the young surgeon had difficulty with a delicate operation, he turned to a (n)______ surgeon for advice.（分数：2.00）wyerB.adviserC.consultantD.consultation11.Arguing about details______many hours of the committee's valuable time.（分数：2.00）A.absorbedB.sacrificedC.assimilatedD.consumed12.The price increases were passed on by the firm to none but the ______.（分数：2.00）A.clerksB.salesmenC.tradersD.consumers13.The______of coal in that factory is five tons a day.（分数：2.00）A.assumptionB.resumptionC.presumptionD.consumption14.Metals______when cooled and expand when healed.（分数：2.00）A.decreaseB.reduceC.condenseD.contract15.The cells(电池)were designed to ______ sunshine to electricity to run a motor.（分数：2.00）A.convertB.alterC.modifyD.exchange16.Reports that the general is to be dismissed are gaining______among government ministers.（分数：2.00）A.accessB.impetusC.currencyD.reception17.It's not safe to carry so much money with you. You'd better______the money in the bank.（分数：2.00）A.investB.depositC.storeD.save18.In a fit of______the sick man killed himself.（分数：2.00）A.expressionB.suppressionpression19.I have heard many different ______ of the same story.（分数：2.00）A.sayingsB.statementsmentsD.descriptions20.It doesn't make a bit of______ if you are late to my party. I just want you to come.（分数：2.00）A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.sense21.The shopkeeper took off 5 percent ______for cash.（分数：2.00）A.decreaseB.discountC.reductionmission22.There were beautiful clothes ______in the shop windows.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.demonstratedC.disclosedD.displayed23.Before moving to another city, Mr. London______ of the house and the furniture.（分数：2.00）A.discardedB.dismissedC.dischargedD.disposed24.According to Nobel's famous will, the interest on his fund will be ______ to five people who have made great contributions to mankind during the previous year.（分数：2.00）A.contributedB.devotedC.distributedD.allocated25.Roger gave me some beautiful Japanese stamps in______ for two sets of 1960 British special issue.（分数：2.00）A.turnB.exchangeC.additionD.place26.Most children in Great Britain are educated at the public ______.（分数：2.00）A.costB.paymentC.expenseD.charge27.The charges of trade against the corporation proved to be without______.（分数：2.00）A.baseB.excuseC.foundationD.reason28.Every camera we sell comes with a two-year______.（分数：2.00）A.safetyB.conservationC.confirmationD.guarantee29.It will be very helpful if parents have seen the school environment and know what kind of tasks the school will______on the daily life of their child.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）poseB.imposeC.disposeD.expose30.To call the music of another music-culture "primitive" is______ one's own standards on a group that does not recognise them.（分数：2.00）A.puttingB.imposingC.forcingD.emphasizing。

一单选题（每题5分，共5题25分。

）1. - I heard you got a full mark in the English exam. Congratulations! - ____(5.0 分)a Oh, no, no.b No, I didn't do very well.c Thanks.d Don't praise me.2. --I was born in Boston, but I studied in New York. ____? --I was born in New York, but studied in Boston.(5.0 分)a What do you dob And youc Where were youd Do you3. -- How is your father today? -- ____, thanks.(5.0 分)a He is over fortyb He's a doctorc He's much betterd He's Brown4. - Thank you for the wonderful meal, Mrs. Hanson. - ____(5.0 分)a Oh, I don't think you ate well.b I'm not a good cook in fact.c Be careful next time.d I'm glad you enjoyed it.5. - Well done and ____. - Thank you very much!(5.0 分)a not at allb congratulationsc that's rightd you are welcome二词汇与语法（每题5分，共5题25分。

）1. Professor White contributed a lot to our community, ____.(5.0 分)a teaching, writing, and lecturingb teaching, writing, and a lecturerc a teacher, a writer, and lecturingd teaching, lecturing, and a writer2. A pilot should be responsible____ the safety of all the passengers on board.(5.0 分)a againstb atc ford with3. The music sounded ____. I enjoyed every minute of it.(5.0 分)a wellb boringc wonderfullyd beautiful4. It was because of the heavy rain last night____I didn't go home before 10 o'clock.(5.0 分)a thatb whenc whichd how5. On formal ____, people pay more attention to manners.(5.0 分)a situationsb casesc conditionsd occasions三完型填空（每小题5分，共5小题25分。

考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。

In recent years, the number of people who commute to work by bicycle has increased significantly. This trend can be attributed to several factors, including concerns about environmental pollution, the rising cost of fuel, and the desire for a healthier lifestyle. As a result, many cities have invested in bicycle lanes and other infrastructure to support this mode of transportation.1. What is the main reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Environmental concernsB. High fuel costsC. Health benefitsD. All of the above2. What has been the response of cities to this trend?A. They have ignored it.B. They have invested in bicycle infrastructure.C. They have discouraged it.D. They have not taken any action.3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Traffic congestionB. Environmental pollutionC. Rising cost of fuelD. Desire for a healthier lifestyle4. What does the passage suggest about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will continue to increase.B. It will decrease.C. It will remain stable.D. It is uncertain.5. What type of infrastructure have cities invested in to support bicycle commuting?A. Public transportationB. Bicycle lanesC. Parking lotsD. Highways二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.6. The company has decided to ________ its operations to new markets.A. expandB. contractC. maintainD. abandon7. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was still held as________.A. plannedB. planningC. to planD. was planning8. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. affectC. impactD. influence9. The professor's lecture was so ________ that I couldn't follow it.A. complicatedB. complexC. complicatedlyD. complexly10. She ________ the book to the library yesterday.A. returnedB. borrowedC. lentD. kept三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。

江⼤研究⽣学位英语考试试卷EST 1Part I Listening ComprehensionSection 1, Conversation (10 minutes, 10 points)Section 2, Passages (10 minutes, 10 points)Part II: Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points)Scientists who study the Earth's climate are convinced that volcano eruptions have a significant effect on general weather patterns. In fact, one of the many (36) which attempt to explain how an ice age begins holds that the (37) is a dramatic increase in volcanic eruptions. The volcanic explosions, besides causing local thunderstorms and lightning, inject great amounts of gas and (38)_into the stratosphere (同温层). At this (39)，the volcanic material spreads all the way around the Earth. This volcanic material (40) a certain amount of sunlight and (41) some back into space. The net result is to (42) the planet's surface. For instance, 43 was perhaps the largest eruption occurred in 1883 when the Indonesia volcano Krakatoa exploded. The following year was (44) in Europe as the "year without summer" because the (45) was so cool and rainy. While there is (46) scientific agreement that volcanic eruption can lead to cooling, (47) of how this happens are not clear. As a result, scientists cannot (48) whether the volcanic activity which (49) past ice ages would result (50) sufficient cooling to cause a glacial period. Similarly, it is not possible for scientists to predict the climate effect of a future volcanic eruption with any confidence.36. A. theories B. inventions C. judgments D. discoveries37. A. cause B. course C. means D. case38. A. petroleum B. ash C. flame D. garbage39. A. relation B. instance C. moment D. altitude40. A. scatters B. releases C. constitutes D. absorbs41. A. carries B. converts C. reflects D. gathers42. A. cool B. warm C. freeze D. heat43. A. such B. what C. there D. that44. A. known B. reported C. marked D. testified45. A. air B. temperature C. sky D. weather46. A. committed B. optimistic C. general D. absolute47. A. indexes B. predictions C. details D. decisions48. A. analyze B. determine C. assure D. assume49. A. confronted B. promoted C. proceed D. preceded50. A. in B. from C. to D. withPart I ReadingPassage OneWe use emotive language to express our own attitudes and feelings. We also direct emotive language at other people to persuade them to believe as we do or to do as we want them to do; and, of course, other people direct emotive language at us to get us to believe or to do what they want.We are subjected to a constant stream of persuasion day in, day out, at home and in school, on the radio and on television. It comes from parents and teachers, from preachers and politicians, from editors and commentators, but, most of all, of course, from advertisers. Most of this persuasion is expressed in emotive language and is intended to appeal to our feelings rather than to be weighed up by our powers of reasoning.We should look at the motives behind all this persuasion. Why do they want to persuade us? What do they want us to do? We are not thinking very clearly unless we try to see through the veil of words and realize something of the speaker's purpose.An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good or bad. Our emotions exist and they are part of our personality. On some occasions people appeal to our emotions on the highest levels and from the best of motives. A case in point is Churchill's wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as a politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as national leader in those dark days --- their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group --- to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made.1. The major functions of emotive language discussed in the passage are to - .A. extend our powers of reasoning and carry out a purposeB. advertise and produce the wanted social effectsC. show one's feelings and appeal to those of othersD. make others believe in us and respond to our feelings2. It is suggested in the third paragraph of this passage that we - .A should keep a cool head when subjected to persuasion of various kindsB need to judge whether a persuasion is made for good or badC. have to carefully use our emotive languageD. should avoid being easily seen through by an appeal from others3. The source from which emotive language flows upon us in its greatest amount is - .A. the mass mediaB. the educational institutionsC. the religious circlesD. the advertising business4. Churchill is mentioned in the passage as -'A. an example of how people weighed up persuasion with reasoningB. a national leader who brought out people's best feelingsC. a positive example of appealing to people's motionD. a politician who has been known as a good speaker5. What is NOT mentioned as relevant to our emotions in this passage?A. Social contextB. Personal experienceC. The personality of national leadersD. Religious belief6. It can be inferred from the passage that a persuasive speaker must .A. find out what group his audience is attached toB. vary his speech patterns from time to timeC. know how to adapt his way of speaking to the needs of the audienceD. be aware whether the listeners are favorable to his opinion or notPassage TwoAs goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expenses. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs ( and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car ( or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been spent on relatively small improvements. If we scrap these vast costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times, but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70mph limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely as to control each other's speeds, improvements in performance are virtually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip the road perfectly; and comfort has now reached a very high level indeed. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us instead have cars --- or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets --- which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not.7. The author obviously is challenging the social norm that - .A. it is. important to improve goods and servicesB. development of technology makes our life more comfortableC. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the timeD. slightly modified new products are worth buying8. According to this passage, air fares may rise because -'A people tend to travel by new airplanesB. the airplane has been improvedC. the change is found to be reasonableD. the service on the airplane is better than before9. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they -'A. could fly in the latest model of reputable planesB. could get tickets at much lower pricesC. see the airlines make vital changes in their servicesD. could spend less time flying in the air10. When manufacturers have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, thenit would be_. .A. justified for them to cut the priceB. unnecessary for them to make any new changesC. difficult and costly to further better themD. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs11. In the case of cars, the author urges that we - .A. cancel the speed limitB. further improve the performanceC. improve the durabilityD. change models every two years12. The author's criticism is probably based on the fact that - .A. we have been persuaded to live an extravagant life todayB. many products we buy turn out to be substandard or inferiorC. inflation is becoming a big problem in the world todayD. people are wasting their money on trivial technological progressPassage ThreeRecent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupations --- service and clerical --- that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round, lifetime career or job for many reasons There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-bearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's.13.According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, -'A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women's pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future14. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they - .A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves15. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women's concentration in certain occupations?A. Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against themC. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.16. The word" forgo" in Paragraph 2 could be best replaced by - .A. give upB. drop outC. throwawayD. cut out17. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that - .A. men's jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jo bC. men' chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round18. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women's market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women's workC. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women's jobs.Passage FourIt seems that the life of a television reporter is fantastically admired by many people. But this is only one side of the coin. First, he never goes deeply into anyone subject --- he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and "getting up" a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still he is on to the subject after that. He seldom grasps with a full-scale investigation anyone thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become messed up.Second, a reporter does not have anything lasting to show for what he does --- there is no shelf of books, no studio full of paintings. He pours his life into something which flickers in shadows across a screen and is gone forever. I have seen people in many television jobs turn at the end of watching one of their own programs and say something like: " Well, that's all those days/weeks/months of work. Travel and worry sunk without trace." As a way of life it comes to seem like blowing bubbles ---entertaining to do, and the bubbles numerous and pretty to look at, and all different, but all disappearing into thin air. Third, the pace of life is too fast. Not only is it destructive of one's private life, one does not even have time togive proper consideration to the things one is professionally concerned with --not enough time to think, not enough time to read, not enough time to write one's commentary, prepare one's interviews and so on. When one disengages from it and allows one's perceptions, thinking, reading and the rest to proceed at their natural pace one gets an altogether unfamiliar sense of solidarity and well-being.Fourth, the reporter is at the mercy of events. A revolution breaks out in Cuba so he is off there on the next plane. Somebody shoots President Reagan so he drops everything he is doing and flies to Washington. He is like a puppet pulled by strings ---the strings of the world's affairs. He is not motivated from within. He does not decide for himself what he would like to do, where he would like to go, what he would like to work on. He is activated from without, and his whole life becomes a kind of reflex action, a series of high-pressure responses to external stimuli. He has ceased to exist as an independent personality.19.A TV reporter never makes an in-depth study of a subject because -'A. he usually gets one side of the pictureB. the subjects that he has to attend to often switch from one to anotherC. he does not know how to develop it to its full scaleD. that is the life that suits him20. A. it is implied but not stated that many people - .A. know nothing about the work of a TV repor1erB. think the life of a TV reporter dull and boringC. have a biased opinion against the job of a TV reporterD. tend to underestimate the hard part of being a TV reporter21 TV reporting, according to this passage, is something_______.A. profitable for a person to take upB. interesting to do but quick to fade outC. causing a person to forget his previous workD. producing a lasting effect22.A TV reporter is in most need of - .A. being a master of his timeB. proper consideration of his professionC. a comfortable life of his ownD. disengaging himself from work23. The activities of a TV reporter are largely geared to - .A. his motivationB. his working styleC. current affairsD. reflex to pressures24. The title of this passage would best be given as - .A. What a TV Reporter Can and Cannot AccomplishB. The Sorrows of TV ProfessionalsC. The Confession of a TV ReporterD. The Drawbacks in the Life of a TV ReporterPaper TwoPart IV Reading and Answering Questions (25 minutes, 10 points)The conflict between what in its present mood the public expects science to achieve in satisfaction of popular hopes and what is really in its power is a serious matter because. even if the true scientists should all recognize the limitations of what they can do in the field of human affairs, so long as the public expects more there will always be some who will pretend, and perhaps honestly believe, that they can do more to meet popular demands than is really in their power. It is often difficult enough for the expert, and ce11ainly in many instances impossible for the layman, to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate claims advanced in the name of science. The enormous publicity recently given by the media to a report pronouncing in the name of science of The Limits to Growth, and the silence of the same media about the devastating criticism this report has received from the competent experts, must make one feel somewhat apprehensive about the use to which the prestige of science can be put. But it is by no means only in the field of economics that far-reaching claims are made on behalf of a more scientific direction of all human activities and the desirability of replacing spontaneous processes by "conscious human control".If I am not mistaken, psychology, psychiatry and some branches of sociology, not to speak about the so-called philosophy of history, are even more affected by what I have called the scientistic prejudice, and by specious claims of what science can achieve.Questions :What is the main thought of the passage? What should be our correct attitude towards science?回答该项问题⼀般要注意，第⼀问主要是结合⽂章回答问题，可以或多或少的引⽤⽂中内容回答，第⼆问主要是考察我们研究⽣对某个现象的认识。

考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning”. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “ operant conditioning. “ This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1．The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to______.A．teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionB．give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC．give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions through learningD．discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced正确答案：B解析：写作目的题。