职称英语综合类新增文章阅读判断第十一篇

阅读判断+第十一篇Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness –that is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurse do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as thera py. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop di sease before it actually happens—to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is education individual patients toward the maintenance of total health—physical and mental.symptoms typical of a specific disease.more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness. C. Not mentioned译文：所谓生病，即部分或整个身体不能够正常调节，或不能够维持应有的功能。

第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses aren’t just delivering 汪strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-relatedwords more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then theywere told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen —a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.词汇：threshold n.起点，开端；门槛disposal n.处理,处置;配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的motive n.动机，目的strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释：1. Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。

2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解目录1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第二篇：Outside-the –classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课处学习带来很大不同3.第三篇：Milosevic‘s Death 米洛舍维奇之死4.第四篇：Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福5.第五篇：Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少6.第六篇：TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行7.第七篇：Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者8.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级9.第九篇：Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色10.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信11.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展12.第十二篇：Smuggling走私13.第十三篇：The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃14.第十四篇：Sleep睡眠15.第十五篇：Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机16.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠17.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔18.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education美国教育的目标19.*第十九篇：The Family家庭20.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去21.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离22.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情23.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上24.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场25.*第二十五篇：Income收入26.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界27.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性28.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构29.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们30.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活31.第三十一篇：Pool Watch泳池监护32.第三十二篇：The Cherokee Nation彻罗基部落33.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty34.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡35.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路36.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事37.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐38.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子39.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭40.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape美国疾病预防新政策41.第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营42. 第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿浴43. 第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗44. 第四十四篇：Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人45. 第四十五篇：Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性穿超短裙时间更长46. 第四十六篇：Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要47.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生48.第四十八篇：Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动49.第四十九篇：The Beginning of American Literature美国文学的开端50.第五十篇：Older Volcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一，就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。

第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach（当我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口）我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界，五官感受还受大脑活动的影响。

一项新的研究发现，饥饿的人比刚刚用过餐的人更能清晰地看到与食物相关的词汇。

数十年来，心里学家已经知道我们的心里活动直接影响到我们的视觉。

例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大，饥饿的人看到食物的图片更明亮。

法国的尼斯.索菲亚.安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象。

发生这种现象是在看到事物的当时，还是稍后延迟到大脑高级思维活动已经介入。

雷戴尔招募了42个健康指数正常的学生作为测试者。

在测试当天，每个学生被告诉在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次用餐时间由3~4小时。

等他们到达实验室时被告知实验时间有延迟。

一半学生被告知十分钟后回来，另一半学生给1个小时的实际先去吃午饭。

所以当实验室一半学生是饥饿状态，而另一半学生刚刚吃过饭。

这个实验，就是要求参与者看着电脑屏幕。

屏幕上的80个单词以1/300秒的频率闪动。

由于字体太小，被测试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。

1/4的字是与食物相关的。

每闪动一个单词，被测试者要回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是与食物相关的，比如蛋糕；一类是中性词，比如船。

由于每个单词闪动的太快以至于被测试者根本看不清楚词是什么。

饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。

由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。

雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。

雷戴尔说：“这对我来说是一件伟大的事情。

人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。

该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。

”1第一段提到的新的研究发现了什么？A 饥饿的人看每一个单词都比普通的人更清晰B 饥饿的人一直都在想与食物相关的词C 饥饿的人比饱腹的人对食物相关的词汇更敏感D 饥饿的人不是低思维的人2 为什么在测试的那天测试有个延迟？A 因为饥饿的人需要时间吃饭B 因为雷戴尔想要形成两组测试人群，饥饿的和饱腹的人C 因为中午对任何测试都不是合适的时间D 因为雷戴尔需要时间选取身体合格的测试者3 作者想要告诉我们什么？A 人类的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界B 我们的感知怎么受我们的思维支配C 我们大脑的活动受到我们的动机和需求的支配D 思维保证我们感知功能的正常运行4 实验的结果表明？A 80个单词在屏幕上闪的太快以至于参与者不能真正感知它们B 饥饿的人更善于认识中性词C 吃过饭的人更善于识别与食物相关的词汇D 参与者仅仅接受它们需要或者他们渴望的词汇5 从这篇文章我们能推知？A 42个参与者对于一个严格的实验来说数目太少B 用饥饿与不饥饿的参与者得出的实验结果是不可靠的C 我们的思维过程独立于我们的感知D 人类可以感知他们所需要的东西在大脑思维没有介入的情况下第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass（佛罗里达遭受冷空气袭击）2003年1月，美国东部2/3的地区处于强冷空气团的控制下，强冷空气团给佛罗里达的柑橘树造成了威胁，同时也使北部的港口处于被冻结状态。

2012年职称英语变化二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读判断1.第七篇：Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.*第十一篇：Computer Mouse（二）概括大意与完成句子1.第六篇：How We Form First Impression2.第十篇：Washoe Learned American Sign Language（三）阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet5.第十六篇：The Sahara 6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）8.*第十九篇：The Family9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape（四）补全短文1.第九篇：Heat Is Killer2.*第十一篇：Virtual Driver（五）完形填空1.第一篇：A Life with Birds2.第二篇：S Lucky Break3.第三篇：Global Warming4.第四篇：A Success Story5.第五篇：Traffic in Our Cities6*.第六篇：Teaching and Learning 7.*第七篇：The Difference between Man and Computer8.*第八篇：Look on The Bright Side9.*第九篇：The First Bicycle10.*第十篇：Working Mothers11.+第十一篇：School Lunch12.+第十二篇：A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇：The Old Gate14.+第十四篇：Family History15.+第十五篇：Helen and Martin温馨提示：每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大，是考试复习的重点！职称英语2012年考试全解析】一、职称英语考试难度自1996年推出职称英语考试，根据人事考试网提供的数据来看，全国每年的通过率平均在60%左右。

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第六部分讲义8完形填空+第十一篇School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat 1 （B. properly） in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to 2 （B. provide）meals at lunchtime. Children can 3 （D. choose） to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking 4 （A. finding） of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict 5 （A. standards）for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one 6 （B. portion） of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta（意大利面食）. Lunchboxes 7 （A. examined） by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children 8 （C. consume） twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better 9 （C. understanding） of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has 10 （A. increased）in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot 11 （A. criticize）parents, but it can remind them of the 12 （A. nutritional） value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can 13 （D. affect） their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating 14 （D. habits） at this age, and parents are the only ones who can 15 （A. prevent） it.1. A. appropriately B. properly C. probably D. possibly[答疑编号505916060431]【答案】B【解析】根据文章意思，“中午吃的不是很适当”，选properly。

第四段的主要内容是什么？.
我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动
1、 2、 3、 4、 5、
第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 问题 答案 On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as__ 1、 Ghosts. 在万圣节上，孩子打扮成____ 魔鬼 When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? 2、 On Thanksgiving. 什么时时候 吃火鸡和南瓜饼？ 感恩节上 Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for___ 3、 Providing them with comfortable and happy lives. 感恩节上美国人感谢上帝_______ 为其提供舒适快乐的生活 Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because___ 4、 They can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food. 美国孩子喜欢感恩节的原因是_______ 能够与父母呆在一起，吃许多好吃的食物 The first pilgrims settled in the United States in ___ 5、 1620. 第一批定居到美国的人是在_____ 1620 年 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 伊本白图泰游记 问题 答案 What is the passage mainly about? 1、 The adventures of Ibn Battuta. 这篇文章主要是讲什么的？ 伊本白图泰历险记 Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5? 2、 left to go to. 哪个词组最接近第五行中“set off ”意思？ 出发 The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because__ 3、 Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca. 德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作是因为___? 伊本白图泰在麦加的学习经历 Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with? 4、 Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today. 下面哪个观点是这篇文章的作者最认同的？ 在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名 Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home? 5、 The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return. 为什么伊本白图泰最后回到了他的家乡？ 摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家 第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行 答案 1、 Advertisements on the board. 路两边的广告。 2、 To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows. 对坐公共汽车长途旅行的看法。 3、 no billboards along the road. 作者更喜欢沿途没有那些广告牌。 4、 they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between. 他们都有开始，中间结尾，并且每隔三四分钟插播广告。 (新增) 第五篇

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标8.*第十九篇：The Family家庭9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）动物的空间距离11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）我们知道的关于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）只好向上13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）克隆农场14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）收入15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）服务业的重要性17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生第一篇Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章篇目+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章阅读判断（2篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解（15篇）第一篇T elling T ales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇T ales of the T errible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky”Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇T o Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

2 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词过考试》、《有问必阅读判断第七篇Moderate Earthquake S trikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneysfrom houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries."lt felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3" said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5，about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents saidthe tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds."I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." said Hendrickvan Eck，27，of Canterbury8about 60 miles southeast of London."I then heard the sound of cracking，and it was getting heavier and heavier9.It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year，but they are rarein Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931，measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28April in an area that had seen several of the biggest erthquakes ever to strike Britain，including onein 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it wasonly a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part of England. However，people should not be scared too much by this prediction，Musson said，as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.词汇:moderate /'mɔdəri t / adj. 中等的magnitude /'mægnitju:d/ n. 值，强度量topple /‟tɔpl/ v. 倾倒，震倒rouse /ravz/ v. 唤醒tremor /‟tremə (r) / n.震动hop /hɔp/ v. 齐足跳起fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场scale /skeil/ n. 震级forthcoming /…fɔ:θ‟kʌmiŋ)/ adj. 即将来临的evacuate /i'vækjveit / v. 疏散geological / dʒiə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj. 地质的注释:1. power:电力2. Kent County:肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]3 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词过考试》、《有问必3.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride. 它(地震)给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。

implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don‟t have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school —and as a result handicapped later in life?_4_ What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace?_ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory，such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers‟ names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can‟t.4The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can‟t forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also inte rfere with an individual‟s ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience?5 _5_ We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future.。

+第十一篇 School Lunch 学校午餐Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence 强大的影响There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers?Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not holding to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other soft of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just going through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇 The Old Gate 古老之门In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious diseases. The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970's with the intention of returning thegate home. The aim of the trust is the preservation of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced, though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇 Family History 家族史In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character , whether hero or criminal , do not let this idea take over your research. Just treat it as an interesting possibility. A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your way. The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who knows what you might find? +第十五篇Helen and Martin 海伦和马丁With a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. Would her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's curiosity to see what had become of her brother.Almost without warning, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence in her own judgment growing. Ignoring the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was gaining a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on from her paintings.Of course, she took no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't help looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet satisfaction at what she had achieved.注：第13篇为2012年真题，第14篇为2013年真题，故2014年的斧复习重点为第11、12、15篇。

2011年职称英语等级考试大纲没有变化，2010年考试大纲仍可沿用，2011年职称英语等级考试教材在2010年基础上进行了调整与修订，与2010年教材相比，2011年职称英语综合类教材在词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文四大题型上都没有变换，只有阅读理解与完型填空两个题型上有部分变化，以下是具体变化：综合类教材变化内容：阅读理解：第八篇(C级)：The State of Marriage Today第三十八篇(B级)：Excessive Demands on Young People第四十七篇(A级)：Spoilt for Choice完型填空：第五篇(c级)：Why People Use Pseudonyms第十二篇(B级)：Sport or Spectacle?第十五篇(A级)：Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years综合类阅读“The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight”被更新成了“Spoilt for Choice”第八篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50％of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse．If this trend continues．it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association．Some futurists predict that in l 00 years．the average American will marry at least four times．and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now．But what are the reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was．The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need．Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home．But with the rising number of women in well—paying jobs，this is no longer the case，so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage．In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems．While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular．In addition to this．many couples now cohabit and don’t bother to marry．These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics．In fact．more than 50％Of first marriages survive．The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages．So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn’t．And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts．Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：Divorce n．离婚Evidence n．证据，迹象Futurist n．未来主义者Explode v．激增，迅速扩大Predict v．预言，预料，预报Extramarital adj．婚外的Gloomy adj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的Institution n．制度，习俗Outlook n．展望，前景Pessimistic adj．悲观的Cohabit v．同居Effectively ad．实际上Statistics n．统计，统计资料Deceptive adj．迷惑的，骗人的Outdated adj．旧式的，过时的Indicate v．表明，暗示Consequence n．结果，后果Contented adj．满足的，满意的Counterpart n．对应的人(或物)注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1．Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family．B) Half of the married couples get divorced：C) American people marry more than four times．D) More and more people are getting divorced．2．What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A) It is not necessary to get married any more．B) Women do not need a husband any longer．C) Women are not economically dependant any more．D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now．3．Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married．B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased．C) Over 50％of the marriages continue to exist．D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true。

2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）完形填空（6篇）第三篇Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it词汇：pesos/pi:səvs/ n ．比索bacterium /kæk'tiəriəm/ n ．细菌（单数）germ/dʒə:m/ n．病菌bacteria /bæktiəriə／细菌（复数）banknote/bæŋknəvt/ n．纸币centimeter/senti,mi:tə。

2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章详解112012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章篇目职业培训教育网2011-12-28 10:58【大中小】【我要纠错】编者按：2012年职称英语考试教材已经开始陆续领取，下面是职业培训教育网为考生整理的2012年职称英语考试用书阅读判断新增篇目，祝学习愉快！阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章详解11职业培训教育网2011-12-31 09:36【大中小】【我要纠错】2012年职称英语考试大纲未做变化，2011年版仍可以使用。

但是教材有一定的变化，职业培训教育对于新增的文章进行了整理分析，希望对考生有帮助！+第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into smallrecords, reading their titles. And there was more...“Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said,though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you use it.”I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.词汇：impersonal /im'p?:s?n?l/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。

Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams..For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreamsare tightly linked to a person's daily fife, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, mightdream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, drearning is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ____(1)____. Are online friendships as beneficial asface-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____(2)____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____(3)____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t besure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends. ____(4)____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____(5)____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”注释：1．Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）PASSAGE 11Too polite for WordsA Japanese colleague the other day was talking about a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word "jerk". I thought she was toning down her Japanese for my benefit, so I asked her how to say "jerk" in Japanese."There's no such word." she answered helplessly. "we have to use 'jerk' ". Heaven knows it's not as if there are no jerks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people. At first, I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to teach me the real lingo, so watched to see what Japanese drivers would say to each other after a accident. It turned out that they say: "I'm sorry." Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited to invective as Japanese. Linguistically, these guys are wimps.Take the vicious Japanese insult "kisama," which is deeply offensive. It means "your honorable self." That's right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words, the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growing: "Your honorable self."Likewise, a nasty expression for a woman is "ana," another term not to try with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But literally it means "nun" Sure, sarcasm may be intended, but still most women would probably prefer to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog.Since people are least inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other, insults offer a window into a culture. I've been interested in such terms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was a curse. "Nick" sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely vulgar for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic, and my new acquaintance would flee in horror.There's no such danger in Japanese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are descriptive rather than insulting.There is one exception. One of the meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is: "Omaeno kaachan debeso." That means: " Your mom's belly button sticks out." This has no deep Freudian meaning; it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly.1. The Japanese woman used the English word "jerk" so as to make it easier for me to understand herA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their language is not suitable for sniping at people.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. From the linguistic perspective, Japanese drivers are cowards,A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The Japanese insult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally, "a female dog".A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. The word "Nick" in the Arabic language is a curse.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. "Omaeno kaachan debeso " is different from other nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedKey: BCACABA“成千上万人疯狂下载。