14年真题

14年专四真题答案解析一、听力（简答题）第一题：根据所听到的内容，回答提问。

原文：I went to a concert last night. The music was amazing, but the seats were very uncomfortable.分析：根据原文可知，人们在昨晚参加了音乐会，音乐很棒，但座位非常不舒服。

答案：The seats were uncomfortable.第二题：根据所听到的问题选择正确答案。

原文：Q: When is the meeting?A: It's on Wednesday.分析：根据原文可知，问题是关于会议时间的，答案是星期三。

答案：On Wednesday.第三题：根据所听到的内容，回答提问。

原文：I think the new movie is better than the book.分析：根据原文可知，人们认为新电影比书好。

答案：The new movie is better than the book.二、阅读理解第一篇：根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。

原文：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in China. It was built by many men a long time ago. The GreatWall is very long. It is more than 6000 kilometers long! Itis more than 2000 years old.分析：根据原文可知，万里长城是中国最著名的地方之一，是很久以前由许多人修建的。

这座长城非常长，有6000多公里长！已有2000多年的历史。

答案：The Great Wall is 6000 kilometers long.第二篇：根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。

原文：In ancient Rome, parents believed that a good education was important for their children. Boys and girls learned to read and write. They also learned history, math, and science. Some children went to private schools, but most went to public schools. Wealthy families hired private teachers.分析：根据原文可知，古罗马的父母认为良好的教育对孩子很重要。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a placeB.Buy a mapC.Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up her aunt3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A departmet head.C.A company director4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difflcultB.Very interestingC.Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.ClothesC.News第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

2014年深圳市公务员行测一、常识判断1.社会主义初级阶段理论提出的历史依据是（）A. 我国的基本国情B. 马克思列宁主义C. 我国社会主义脱胎于近代半殖民地半封建社会D. 我国生产力发展的低水平和不均衡2.党的先进性，归根到底要看（）A. 党在解放生产力、发展生产力中的作用B. 党在维护和实现最广大人民根本利益中的作用C. 党在推动先进文化中的作用D. 党在推动历史前进中的作用3.根据相关法律法规，下列各类经济组织，无需对自身债务承担无限责任的是（）A. 甲、乙、丙三人合伙开办的律师事务所B. 小丽在服装市场租下店铺注册成立的服装个体工商户C. Z市是国有独资钢铁制造公司D. 小王个人注册登记的从事电子贸易的独资企业4.（），是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。

要坚持走中国特色自主创新道路，把增强自主创新能力贯彻到现代化建设各个方面。

A. 提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家B. 加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级C. 加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力D. 独立自主、自力更生，注重速度、结构、质量和效益的统一5根据《公务员法》的相关规定，下列（）不属于公务员在机关外兼职应符合的条件。

A. 因工作需要B. 非领导职务公务员C. 经有关机关批准D. 不领取兼职报酬6.2013年11月15日，《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》发布，《决定》明确了（）是全面深化改革的重点。

A. 政府职能改革B. 宏观调控体系改革C. 行政体制改革D. 经济体制改革7.深圳市成海公司是一家依法成立的有限责任公司，在成海公司，（）有权决定公司的经营方针。

A. 董事长B. 董事会C. 监事会D. 股东会8.紧缩性财政政策的功能在于（）A. 实现社会总供给与总需求的基本平衡B. 抑制社会总需求的增长C. 增加财政收入D. 减少财政支出9.广东省司法厅对深圳市司法局的监督属于（）A. 职能监督B. 主管监督C. 司法监督D. 审计监督10.将行政领导体制划分为层级制与职能制的依据在于（）A. 行政领导机关中决策人数多少的不同B. 行政领导体系中各层级领导机关与领导者职权的集中与分散程度的不同C. 行政领导体系内部各机构的职权性质与范围的不同D. 上级行政领导机关对下级行政领导机关的指挥、控制方式与程度的不同11.下列公文用语中，有歧义的一项是（）A. 节假日期间，各地区、各部门要妥善安排好值班和安全、保卫等工作B. 市纪委决定严厉打击少数违规违纪公务人员C. 以上意见如可行，建议批转×××办理D. 你单位《关于开展2014年文化大讲堂系列讲座活动的请示》收悉，现批复如下12.2013年12月15日，嫦娥三号着陆器与巡视器即（）月球车成功分离，并顺利完成互拍。

2014 年黑龙江省专升本英语考试题考试日期：3 月09 号考试时间：09:00 -11:002014 年黑龙江省专升本英语（绝密启用前）注意事项：1．试卷共10 页，用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案字直接写在答题纸上，写在试题上一律无效。

2．答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

3. 满分100分(I) V ocabulary and Structure (1point each;20points in all )Directions：each of the following blank1，or four choices are given. Youare required to choose the most appropriate one and put the correspondingletter in the bracket before each sentence．1. To be honest with yourself is to ________ yourself. （）A. look atB. doC. refuseD. respect2. Mary enjoys a(n) ______ ability to sing well.（）A. styleB. unfortunateC. gladD. natural3. Do you always ______ an English-Chinese dictionary when you comeacross (遇到) new words in your reading? . （）A. considerB. cheatC. consultD. contact4. The whole composition is good _____ some careless mistakes. （）A. except forB. except thatC. exceptD. except from5. The country is experiencing fast ______ in science and technology. （）A. movingB. speedC. developmentD. making6. His white hair was in sharp _____ to his dark skin. （）A. differenceB. contrastC. oppositeD. background7. The little girl got much ______ from her father when she told himabout her pains.（）A. detailB. recognizeC. sympathyD. teach8. We were all _____ to hear the news that Tom, the silly boy, had wonan award.. （）A. fluentB. rudeC. amazedD. successful9. The president was invited to address the audience at the opening______ of the Olympic Games. （）A. ceremonyB. speechC. meetingD. celebration10. He is more _____ for the job than the other candidates because he has more experience in this field. （）A. favorableB. suitableC. equalD. qualifying11. When his team arrived on ______, there was a loud cheer (欢呼).（）A. courtB. floorC. placeD. ground12. I've learned from my uncle that dogs _______ people by their smell. （）A. improveB. recognizeC. expectD. teach13. Charlie thinks money will _____ all his problems. （）A. performB. solveC. scoreD. force14. The sudden lightning (闪电) ______ me so much that I dropped the cup. （）A. stoppedB. pushedC. scaredD. made15. While I was walking alone down the street, three men came up to me and asked me for _____ to the beach. （）A. contactsB. contentsC. materialsD. directions16. After writing the letter, she put it in the ______ and sealed (封) it.（）A. coverB. sheetC. envelopeD. box17. You should read more books to enlarge (扩大) your _____.（）A. vocabularyB. memoryC. brainD. score18. Jack is among the brightest of his _____: he can speak several foreign languages and has won three national prizes.（）A. honorB. abilityC. generationD. edge19. They were _____ to hear that their son had been arrested for taking drugs.（）A.wanderedB. ruinedC. preparedD. shocked20. Unfortunately, we now have plenty of _____ that many children do not do half as well on tests as they actually could if they tried. （）A. evidenceB. blocksC. suitabilityD. instruction(II) Cloze (2 point each; 20 points in all)Every culture has its own body language, and children understandand learn its __21___, along with words. For example, a Frenchman talks and moves in French ways, while an Englishman and a __22___ American cross their legs very differently. It is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are likely to end a sentence with a dropping of the head or hand, as well as with a lowering of the __23___. They finish up a question with a raise of the hand, a lift of the __24___, or a wideningof the eyes.What's__25___, there are regional phrases too; an expert can sometimes pick out a __26__ of Wisconsin just by the way a person uses his or her eyebrows during conversations. Everything from your sex,__27___ background, social class, and communication style all influences your body language.A person who truly knows two languages uses both body languages too. A good example of this is New York's famous __28___, Fiorello La Guardia, who communicated in English, Italian and Yiddish. When films of his __29___are run without sound, it's not too difficult to tell from his gestures the language being spoken. In fact, one of the reasons English__30___ foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures just don't match the language.（）21.A. values B. important C. meanings D. cultural（）22. A.man B. male C. woman D. people（）23. A. eyelids B. eyelashes C. chin D. eyes（）24. A. chest B.arm C.leg D. chin（）25. A. more B.much C. up D.wrong（）26. A. citizen B.native C.place D. couple（）27. A. family B.national C.fascial D. racial（）28. A. major B. mayor C.provost D. dean（）29. A. talks B. speaks C. says D. speeeches（）30. A.played B.dubbed C. peformed D. edited(III)阅读理解(2 point each; 30 points in all)Task 1In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of Ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students whowere working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates (考生) for the doctor‘s degree.Generally , however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all Students are tested on the on the same questions,was probably not known until the nineteenth century.Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in populationand the development of modern Industry, A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and Carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobilefactory. Certainly, , during examinations teachers and students are expected to actlike machines.One type of test ins sometimes called an objective test . It isintended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writhes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.31. In the Middle Ages students（）A. took objective testsB. were timed by electric clocksC. specialized in one subjectD. never wrote exams32. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that （）A. workers now take examinationsB. the population has grownC. there are only written exams todayD. examinations are now written and timed33. The kind of exams where students must select answers are （）A. personalB. spokenC. objectiveD. written34. Modern industry must have developed（）A. before the Middle AgesB. in Greece of RomeC. around the 19 th centuryD. machines to take tests35. It may be concluded that testing（）A. should test only opinionsB. has hanged since the Middle AgesC. should always be writtenD. is given only in factoriesTask 2For millions of people around the world, the very word "Christmas" brings warmth and joy to their hearts and homes. To some, it is simply a very popular holiday. But for many, it honors the birth of Jesus Christ. Here is a brief history of Christmas and some of the traditions connected with it.Why December 25th?Well, during the first two centuries after Jesus' death, Christmas wasnot celebrated at all. Various attempts were made to determine the date of birth of Jesus, and at first, May 20th became the favored date. By the middle of the fourth century, however, Pope Julius selected December25th as the day on which to celebrate Christ's birth. Before that, December 25th had been a widely celebrated day in the Roman world. On that date, people honored a Roman sun god. Many modern Christmas customs, such as having a tree in the house and preparing special meals, came from this ancient celebration.Let's decorate the tree!The Christmas tree tradition was started in Germany in the late fifteenth century. At that time, there was a popular theater play which included afir tree hung with apples. Today, more than 80 percent of American families buy and decorate a tree at Christmas.How many Christmas cards do you usually send?The first commercial Christmas cards were made in London in 1843. A rich man paid an artist to design a card. He then proudly sent it to his friends and relatives to wish them a "Merry Christmas." It was a good idea and it soon caught on. Today, Americans exchange millions of Christmas cards every year.Santa Claus is coming to town!St. Nicholas was the original Santa Claus or "Father Christmas". He was widely known as a kind man who loved children. After his death, a story developed that he used to visit children on Christmas Eve and give them presents. When the Dutch people came to live in America many years ago, they brought their St. Nicholas, or Sinter Klaas in Dutch, with them. Sinter Klaas is therefore where we get the name Santa Claus.What's in that stocking?According to the story, the practice of hanging up stockings is connected with St. Nicholas. It is believed that St. Nicholas learned about a man who was hopelessly in debt. He also learned that the man and his daughters were about to be sold as slaves. Nicholas went to the man's home at night and threw a bag of gold through the man's window. The bag of gold landed in one of the daughters' stockings that had been hungup to dry.Today, all the above traditions are still kept as ways of celebrating Christmas.36. Lots of people celebrate Christmas to（）A. show respect for Jesus ChristB. get warmth and joyC. spend money while shoppingD. spend money while shopping37. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOTtrue? （）A. People tried many times to decide the date of birth of Jesus.B. People tried many times to decide the date of birth of Jesus.C. December 25th used to be a day on which to show respect to a Roman sun god.D. Christmas was celebrated widely soon after Jesus' death.38. What does "it soon caught on" in Paragraph 7 mean? （）A. It was not allowed by the people in London.B. It was popular among the people.C. It was not welcomed by the man's relatives and friends.D. It was very expensive.39. From the text, we can learn that the story of Father Christmas may come from（）A. the GermansB. the RomansC. the DutchD. the Americans40. Why does Father Christmas put the presents in the stockings? （）A. Because he doesn't know where to put the presents.B. Because the stockings are good places for the presents.C. Because he wants children to spend time finding them.D. Because the gold thrown by St. Nicholas happened to fall in the stockings.Task 3Even the most powerful computer in the world can't be a genius because it has no character. It can remember and calculate quickly andaccurately, and handle great amounts of information—but it can't think about the information like we can. It has no feelings, no opinions, no moments of madness.Study the great human geniuses and you'll see that they all have special parts to their character, qualities that allow them to go beyond everything previously achieved. Their lives hold many of the secrets to having great ideas and putting them into practice. To be a genius you need to:—Have fun. Leonardo da Vinci was well known for his jokes and funny stories. Galileo had a busy social life and was another great joker. Bill Gates, the world's richest man, and the genius behind Microsoft, has been described as "a big teenager". He once said that one of his favorite hobbies was playing with earthmoving equipment on building sites! —Be curious. Geniuses spend their lives asking questions about the world around them.Leonardo da Vinci filled many notebooks with his questions that he wanted to answer. Here is one passage from his notebook:"I wandered about the countryside searching for answers to things I did not understand: why shells existed on the tops of mountains... why thunder lasts longer than that which causesit... how the various circles of water form around the spot that has been struck by a stone... how a bird flies..."—Be brave. Geniuses simply can't be afraid of making mistakes. Orville and Wilbur Wright had many crashes and ruined many planes before they finally got off the ground. Inventor Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he managed to turn electricity into light. He told his friends that, because he knew so many ways that didn't work, he was much closer than any other inventor to finding the right answer! Geniuses must also be prepared to shock people. New ideas can seem strange and even frightening to others, and great thinkers are often described as being odd and foolish.—Keep trying. Thomas Edison once said that genius was "onepercent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration".To become a genius you must be prepared to work long and hard, often in the face of great difficulties.—Be inspired. The answers you're looking for may be close by—you just have to know where to look. Travel is another good source of inspiration. Mozart picked up many good musical ideas during his travels. While still a teenager, Albert Einstein persuaded his parents to let him tour the main cities of Italy. He came back with some exciting ideas. —Stay fit. An ancient saying goes, "A healthy mind in a healthy body". So it's very important for your body to be operating at its best so that your mind can also function powerfully.As well as being a philosopher, poet and politician, Sophocles wasalso a champion in sports and won many prizes. Leonardo da Vinci was famous for his strength and special ability in riding horses.So it is clear then, that to be a genius is to push the limits, in your mind, and beyond.41. The passage is mainly about _________.A. the qualities of geniusesB. the lives of geniusesC. the hobbies of geniusesD. the ideas of geniuses42. One thing that was NOT true about Leonardo da Vinci is that_______.A. his notebooks were full of his questionsB. he liked telling jokesC. he enjoyed playing on the building sitesD. he was very skillful at riding horses .43. Great thinkers are often considered to be strange and silly because_______.A. they have strange living habitsB. her college friends their ideas seem strange and frighteningC. doctorsthey have unusual charactersD. they behave in strange ways44. According to the text, travel is good in that it brings people _______.A. great fun.B. great funC. rich experiencesD. new and fresh ideas45. Your mind will work most efficiently if you ______.A. take exercises regularlyB. take exercises regularlyC. have a healthy bodyD. I'm sorry for where I am now have enough time to rest(IV)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Fill in each blank with one word only. (1 point each; 10 points in all)declare tend disorder bear delight microphone pretend loosenowhere various1. I was _______ when I knew my best friend had won the race.2. In the winter break, I went _______ but stayed at home.3. The teachers are discussing the good points and weak pointsof _______ teaching methods (教学方法).4. Without the _______ , the speaker could hardly be heard.5. He was surprised at her rude remarks, but he _______ he did not hear.6. The captain (船长) of a ship _______ a heavy responsibility.7. A college graduate _______ to show little interest in poorly-paid jobs.8. Don't let the boy _______ in the garden; he'll pull up all the flowers.9. The rich young man_______that he would marry the poor girl.10. She looks ill, as she has been experiencing a sleeping _______ for some time.(V)Translate the following into English.（2 point each; 10 points in all）1.我明白了一个道理：永远不要让你的朋友失望。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（陕西）卷数学（理科）一．选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。

在每小题给也的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．已知集合{}|0M x x =≥，{}2|1,N x x x R =<∈，则MN =（ ）（A ）[]0,1 （B ）[)0,1 （C ）(]0,1 （D ）()0,12．函数()cos 26f x x π⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期是( ) （A ）2π （B ）π （C ）2π （D ）4π3．定积分()12xx e dx +⎰的值为( )（A ）2e + （B ）1e + （C ）e （D ）1e - 4．根据右边框图，对大于2的整数N ，得出数列的通项公式是( )（A ）2n a n = （B ）()21n a n =- （C ）2n n a = （D ）12n n a -=5．已知底面边长为1的体积为( ) （A ）323π （B ）4π （C ）2π （D ）43π6．从正方形四个顶点及其中心这5个点中，任取2个点，则这2个点的距离不小于该正方形边长的概率为( ) （A ）15 （B ）25 （C ）3 （D ）457．下列函数中，满足“()()()f x y f x f y +=”的单调递增函数是( )（A ）()12f x x = （B ）()3f x x = （C ）()12xf x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭（D ）()3x f x =8．原命题为“若12,z z 互为共轭复数，则12||||z z =”，关于逆命题，否命题，逆否命题真假性的判断依次如下，正确的是( )（A ）真，假，真 （B ）假，假，真 （C ）真，真，假 （D ）假，假，假 9．设样本数据1210,,,x x x 的均值和方差分别为1和4，若i i y x a =+（a 为非零常数， 1,2,,10i =），则12,10,y y y 的均值和方差分别为（ ）（A ）1+,4a （B ）1,4a a ++ （C ）1,4 （D ）1,4+a10．如图，某飞行器在4千米高空水平飞行，从距着陆点A 的水平距离10千米处下降，已知下降飞行轨迹为某三次函数图像的一部分，则函数的解析式为（ ）（A ）3131255y x x =- （B ）3241255y x x =- （C ）33125y x x =- （D ）3311255y x x =-+ 二．填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分）11．已知42a=，lg x a =，则x = __________。

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read and love. moments." 3onthatTo a certain isfirst "brain14 .and 17 and 201.[A]2.[A] fades [B] improves [C] collapses [D] recovers3.[A] Unless [B] While [C] Once [D] If4.[A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure5.[A] relationship [B] environment [C] wellbeing [D] outlook6.[A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns7.[A] responses [B] associations [C] workouts [D] roundabouts8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions9.[A] channel [B] process [C] condition [D] sequence10.[A] persist [B] feature [C] excel [D] believe11.[A] However [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] Therefore12.[A] according to [B] regardless of [C] apart from [D] instead of13.[A] back [B] further [C] aside [D] around14.[A] framework [B] stability [C] flexibility [D] sharpness15.[A] hurries [B] reminds [C] allows [D] forces16.[A] order [B] track [C] pace [D] hold17.[A] on [B] on [C] for [D] with18.[A] habitually [B] constantly [C] irregularly [D] unusually19.[A] carry [B] put [C] build [D] take20.[A] idle [B] risky [C] familiar [D] effectiveSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people sa y off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too lit tle effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying , psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feedyourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency- permanent dependency if you can get it-supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever- tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase ‘jobseeker’s allowance’ is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[B] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[C] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.[D] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.22. The phrase “to sign on” (Line 3,Para.2) most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C] to register for an allowance from the government.[D] to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A] uneasy.[B] insulted.[C] enraged.[D] guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.[B] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers t o focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Receiving training by professional associations.[C] Admissions approval from the bar association.[D] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[C] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.[D] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, haslong been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a handsome reward for researchers.[C] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[D] an example of bankers’ investments.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A] the profit-oriented scientists.[B] the achievement-based system.[C] the founders of the new awards.[D] peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A] legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[B] controversies over the recipients’ status.[C] the joint effort of modern researchers.[D] the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] History has never cast doubt on them.[B] Their endurance has done justice to them.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.35. The author believed that the new awards are[A] unworthy of public attention.[B] subject to undesirable changes.[C] harmful to the culture of research.[D] acceptable despite the criticism.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragrap h 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] define the government’s role in education.[B] safeguard individuals rights to education.[C] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[D] keep a leading position in liberal education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets.[B] conservative about public policy.[C] biased against classical liberal ideas.[D] cautious about intellectual investigation.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] Th e AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example,the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm .Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene million and George Cowgillspent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City .At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the word. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for whenthere is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural village and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic surveymethods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who haveset out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Eyan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evas’s interpretations of th ese engravings eventually led them tofind the Minoan palace at Knossos, on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will besuccessful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies asnature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example inthe use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your o wn name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)相携。

2014年管理类联考逻辑真题26. 随着光纤网络带来的网速大幅度提高，高速下载电影、在线看大片等都不再是困扰我们的问题，即使在社会生产力发展水平较低的国家，人们也可以通过网络随时随地获得最快的信息、最贴心的服务和最佳体验。

有专家据此认为：光纤网络将大幅提高人们的生活质量。

以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑该专家的观点？A.随着高速网络的普及，相关上网费用也随之增加。

B.人们生活质量的提高仅决定于社会生产力的发张水平。

C.快捷的网络服务可能使人们将大量时间消耗在娱乐上。

D.即使没有光纤网络，同样可以创造高品质的生活。

E.网络上所获得的贴心服务和美妙体验有时是虚幻的。

27. 李栋善于辩论，也喜欢诡辩。

有一次他论证道：“郑强知道数字87654321，陈梅家的电话号码正好是87654321，所以郑强知道陈梅家的电话号码。

”以下哪一项与李栋论证中所犯的错误最为类似？A.所有蚂蚁是动物，所以所有大蚂蚁是大动物。

B.中国人是勤劳勇敢的，李岚是中国人，所以李岚是勤劳勇敢的。

C．张冉知道如果1:0的比分保持到终场，他们的队伍就出线，现在张冉听到了比赛结束的哨声，所以张冉知道他们的队伍出线了。

D．黄兵相信晨星在早晨出现，而晨星其实就是暮星，所以黄兵相信暮星在早晨出现。

E．金砖是由原子构成的，原子不是肉眼可以见的，所以，金砖不是肉眼可见的。

28. 陈先生在鼓励他的孩子时说道：“不要害怕暂时的困难与挫折，不经历风雨怎么见彩虹？”他的孩子不服气的说：“您说的不对，我经历了那么多风雨，怎么就没见到彩虹呢？”陈先生孩子的回答最适宜用来反驳以下哪项？A. 只要经历了风雨，就可以见到彩虹。

B. 如果想见到彩虹，就必须经历风雨。

C．只有经历风雨，才能见到彩虹。

D．即使经历了风雨，也可能见不到彩虹。

E．即使见到了彩虹，也不是因为经历了风雨。

29. 在某次考试中，有3个关于北京旅游景点的问题，要求考生每题选择某个景点的名称作为唯一答案。

其中6位考生关于上述3个问题的答案依次如下：第一位考生：天坛、天坛、天安门第二位考生：天安门、天安门、天坛第三位考生：故宫、故宫、天坛第四位考生：天坛、天安门、故宫第五位考生：天安门、故宫、天安门第六位考生：故宫、天安门、故宫考试结果表明，每位考生都至少答对其中1道题。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题一、选择题:1:8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (1) 当0x +→时，若ln (12)x +α，1(1cos )x -α均是比x 高阶的无穷小，则α的取值范围是( )(A) (2,)+∞(B) (1,2) (C) 1(,1)2(D) 1(0,)2(2) 下列曲线中有渐近线的是( )(A) sin y x x =+ (B) 2sin y x x =+ (C) 1siny x x =+(D) 21siny x x=+ (3) 设函数()f x 具有2阶导数，()(0)(1)(1)g x f x f x =-+，则在区间[0,1]上 （ ）(A) 当()0f x '≥时，()()f x g x ≥ (B) 当()0f x '≥时，()()f x g x ≤ (C) 当()0f x ''≥时，()()f x g x ≥(D) 当()0f x ''≥时，()()f x g x ≤(4) 曲线22741x t y t t ⎧=+⎪⎨=++⎪⎩上对应于1t =的点处的曲率半径是 （ ）(A)50(B)100(C)(D)(5) 设函数()arctan f x x =，若()()f x xf '=ξ，则22limx x→=ξ （ ）(A)1(B)23(C)12(D)13(6) 设函数(,)u x y 在有界闭区域D 上连续，在D 的内部具有2阶连续偏导数，且满足20ux y∂≠∂∂及22220u ux y∂∂+=∂∂，则 （ ）(A)(,)u x y 的最大值和最小值都在D 的边界上取得 (B) (,)u x y 的最大值和最小值都在D 的内部上取得(C) (,)u x y 的最大值在D 的内部取得，最小值在D 的边界上取得 (D) (,)u x y 的最小值在D 的内部取得，最大值在D 的边界上取得(7) 行列式0000000ab a bcd c d= （ ）(A) 2()ad bc - (B) 2()ad bc -- (C) 2222a dbc -(D) 2222b c a d -(8) 设123,,ααα均为3维向量，则对任意常数,k l ，向量组1323,k l ++αααα线性无关是向量组123,,ααα线性无关的 （ ）(A) 必要非充分条件 (B) 充分非必要条件(C) 充分必要条件 (D) 既非充分也非必要条件 二、填空题：9:14小题,每小题4分,共24分.请将答案写在答题纸．．．指定位置上. ((9)12125dx x x -∞=++⎰__________.(10) 设()f x 是周期为4的可导奇函数，且()f x '2(1),x =-[0,2]x ∈，则(7)f =__________.(11) 设(,)z z x y =是由方程2274yzex y z +++=确定的函数，则11(,)22dz =__________.(12) 曲线()r r =θ的极坐标方程是r =θ，则L 在点(,)(,)22r =ππθ处的切线的直角坐标方程是__________.(13) 一根长为1的细棒位于x 轴的区间[0,1]上,若其线密度()221x x x =-++ρ,则该细棒的质心坐标x =__________.(14) 设二次型()22123121323,,24f x x x x x ax x x x =-++的负惯性指数为1，则a 的取值范围为_______.三、解答题：15～23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分10分)求极限12121lim.1ln 1xt x t e t dt x x →+∞⎡⎤⎛⎫--⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰(16)(本题满分10分)已知函数()y y x =满足微分方程221x y y y ''+=-，且()20y =，求()y x 的极大值与极小 值.(17)(本题满分10分)设平面区域(){}22,14,0,0,D x y xy x y =≤+≤≥≥计算(sin Dx dxdy x y+⎰⎰.(18)(本题满分10分)设函数()f u 具有二阶连续导数，(e cosy)xz f =满足22222(4e cos )e x xz z z y x y∂∂+=+∂∂，若'(0)0,(0)0f f ==，求()f u 的表达式.(19)(本题满分10分)设函数(),()f x g x 的区间[a,b]上连续，且()f x 单调增加，0()1g x ≤≤.证明： (I)0(),[,]xag t dt x a x a b ≤≤-∈⎰,(II)()()d ()g()ba a g t dtb aaf x x f x x dx +⎰≤⎰⎰.(20)(本题满分11分)设函数[](x),0,11xf x x=∈+，定义函数列121()(),()(()),f x f x f x f f x ==,L 1()(()),n n f x f f x -=L ，记n S 是由曲线()n y f x =，直线1x =及x 轴所围成平面图形的面积，求极限lim n n nS →∞.(21)(本题满分11分) 已知函数(,)f x y 满足2(1)fy y∂=+∂，且2(,)(1)(2)ln ,f y y y y y =+--求曲线(,)0f x y =所围成的图形绕直线1y =-旋转所成的旋转体的体积. (22)(本题满分11分)设矩阵123401111203A --⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，E 为三阶单位矩阵.(I)求方程组0Ax =的一个基础解系； (II)求满足AB E =的所有矩阵.(23)(本题满分11分)证明n 阶矩阵111111111⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭L L M M M M L与00100200n ⎛⎫⎪⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭LL M M M M L 相似.2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题答案一、选择题:1:8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (1) 当0x +→时，若ln (12)x +α，1(1cos )x -α均是比x 高阶的无穷小，则α的取值范围是( )(A) (2,)+∞(B) (1,2)(C) 1(,1)2(D) 1(0,)2【答案】B【解析】由定义 1000ln (12)(2)limlim lim 20x x x x x x x x-→→→+===αααα 所以10->α，故1>α.当0x +→时，211(1cos )~2x x -ααα是比x 的高阶无穷小，所以210->α，即2<α.故选B (2) 下列曲线中有渐近线的是( )(A) sin y x x =+ (B) 2sin y x x =+ (C) 1sin y x x =+(D) 21siny x x=+ 【答案】C【解析】关于C 选项：11sinsinlimlim1lim 101x x x x x x x x →∞→∞→∞+=+=+=. 11lim[sin ]limsin 0x x x x x x →∞→∞+-==，所以1sin y x x=+存在斜渐近线y x =. 故选C(3) 设函数()f x 具有2阶导数，()(0)(1)(1)g x f x f x =-+，则在区间[0,1]上 （ ）(A) 当()0f x '≥时，()()f x g x ≥ (B) 当()0f x '≥时，()()f x g x ≤ (C) 当()0f x ''≥时，()()f x g x ≥(D) 当()0f x ''≥时，()()f x g x ≤【答案】D【解析】令()()()(0)(1)(1)()F x g x f x f x f x f x =-=-+-，则(0)(1)0F F ==,()(0)(1)()F x f f f x ''=-+-,()()F x f x ''''=-.若()0f x ''≥，则()0F x ''≤，()F x 在[0,1]上为凸的.又(0)(1)0F F ==，所以当[0,1]x ∈时，()0F x ≥，从而()()g x f x ≥. 故选D.(4) 曲线22741x t y t t ⎧=+⎪⎨=++⎪⎩上对应于1t =的点处的曲率半径是 （ ）(C)(D)【答案】C 【解析】1112'21122432212t t t t t dy t dxtd y dy t dx dx t=====+==-===-()()''33'22211,11y k R kq y ==∴==++ 故选C(5) 设函数()arctan f x x =，若()()f x xf '=ξ，则22limx x →=ξ （ ）(A)1 (B)23(C)12(D)13【答案】D【解析】因为'2()1()1f x f x ==+ξξ，所以2()()x f x f x -=ξ22222200011()arctan 11limlimlim lim()arctan 33x x x x x f x x xx x x f x x x x →→→→---+====ξ故选D.(6) 设函数(,)u x y 在有界闭区域D 上连续，在D 的内部具有2阶连续偏导数，且满足20ux y∂≠∂∂及22220u ux y∂∂+=∂∂，则 （ ）(A)(,)u x y 的最大值和最小值都在D 的边界上取得 (B) (,)u x y 的最大值和最小值都在D 的内部上取得(C) (,)u x y 的最大值在D 的内部取得，最小值在D 的边界上取得 (D) (,)u x y 的最小值在D 的内部取得，最大值在D 的边界上取得 【答案】A【解析】记22222,,,0,,u u uA B C B A C x x y y∂∂∂===≠∂∂∂∂相反数 则2=AC-B 0∆<,所以(x,y)u 在D 内无极值，则极值在边界处取得.故选A(7) 行列式0000000ab a bcd c d= ( )(A)2()ad bc - (B)2()ad bc -- (C)2222a d b c - (D)2222b c a d -【答案】B【解析】由行列式的展开定理展开第一列0000000000000000a b a b a b a b a c d c b c d d c d cd=--()()ad ad bc bc ad bc =--+- 2()ad bc =--.(8) 设123,,a a a 均为三维向量，则对任意常数,k l ,向量组13a ka +,23a la +线性无关是向量组123,,a a a 线性无关的 ( )(A)必要非充分条件(B)充分非必要条件 (C)充分必要条件(D)既非充分也非必要条件【答案】A【解析】()()13231231001k l k l ⎛⎫⎪++= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ααααααα.)⇐ 记()1323A k l =++αααα，()123B =ααα，1001k l ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭C . 若123,,ααα线性无关，则()()()2r A r BC r C ===，故1323,k l ++αααα线性无关.)⇒ 举反例. 令30=α，则12,αα线性无关，但此时123,,ααα却线性相关.综上所述，对任意常数,k l ，向量1323,k l ++αααα线性无关是向量123,,ααα线性无关的必要非充分条件.故选A二、填空题：9:14小题,每小题4分,共24分.请将答案写在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (9)12125dx x x -∞=++⎰__________.【答案】38π【解析】()111221111arctan 252214132428x dx dx x x x -∞-∞-∞+==++++⎡⎤⎛⎫=--= ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎰⎰πππ(10) 设()f x 是周期为4的可导奇函数，且()f x '2(1),x =-[0,2]x ∈，则(7)f =__________.【答案】1 【解析】()()[]'210,2f x x x =-∈，且为偶函数则()()[]'212,0fx x x =--∈-，又()22f x x x c =--+且为奇函数，故=0c()[]222,0f x x x x ∴=--∈-，又()f x Q 的周期为4，()()711f f ∴=-= (11) 设(,)z z x y =是由方程2274yzex y z +++=确定的函数，则11(,)22dz =__________.【答案】1()2dx dy -+ 【解析】对2274yzex y z +++=方程两边同时对,x y 求偏导 22210(22)20yzyz z z e y x x z z e z y y y y ∂∂⎧⋅⋅++=⎪∂∂⎪⎨∂∂⎪+++=∂∂⎪⎩当11,22x y ==时,0z = 故1111(,)(,)222211,22z z x y∂∂=-=-∂∂故11(,)22111()()222dzdx dy dx dy =-+-=-+(12) 曲线lim n n nS →∞的极坐标方程是r =θ，则L 在点(,)(,)22r =ππθ处的切线的直角坐标方程是__________. 【答案】22y x =-+ππ【解析】由直角坐标和极坐标的关系 cos cos sin sin x r y r ==⎧⎨==⎩θθθθθθ，于是(),,,22r ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭ππθ对应于(),0,,2x y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭π 切线斜率cos sin cos sin dydy d dx dx d +==-θθθθθθθθ0,22dy dx ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭∴=-ππ所以切线方程为()202y x -=--ππ即2=2y x -+ππ(13) 一根长为1的细棒位于x 轴的区间[0,1]上,若其线密度()221x x x =-++ρ,则该细棒的质心坐标x =__________. 【答案】1120【解析】质心横坐标()()1010x x dx x x dx=⎰⎰ρρ ()()()()31122100042112310005=2133211=2143212x x dx x x dx x x x x x x dx x x x dx x ⎛⎫-++=-++= ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫-++=-++= ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰ρρ111112=5203x ∴=(13) 设二次型()22123121323,,24f x x x x x ax x x x =-++的负惯性指数是1，则a 的取值范围_________. 【答案】[]2,2-【解析】配方法：()()()22222123133233,,24f x x x x ax a x x x x =+---+由于二次型负惯性指数为1，所以240a -≥，故22a -≤≤.三、解答题：15～23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分10分)求极限12121lim.1ln 1xtx t e t dt x x →+∞⎡⎤⎛⎫--⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰【解析】11221122d d (e 1)(e 1)lim lim 11ln(1)xxt t x x t t t t t t x x x x→+∞→+∞⎡⎤⎡⎤----⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦=+⋅⎰⎰12lim[(e 1)]xx x x →+∞=--12000e 1e 11lim lim lim 222t t t xt t t t t t t t +++=→→→---====. (16)(本题满分10分)已知函数()y y x =满足微分方程221x y y y ''+=-，且()20y =，求()y x 的极大值与极小 值.【解析】 由221x y y y ''+=-，得22(1)1y y x '+=-………………………………………………………① 此时上面方程为变量可分离方程，解的通解为331133y y x x c +=-+ 由(2)0y =得23c =又由①可得 221()1x y x y -'=+当()0y x '=时，1x =±，且有：1,()011,()01,()0x y x x y x x y x '<-<'-<<>'><所以()y x 在1x =-处取得极小值，在1x =处取得极大值 (1)0,(1)1y y -==即：()y x 的极大值为1，极小值为0.(17)(本题满分10分)设平面区域(){}22,14,0,0,D x y x y x y =≤+≤≥≥计算(sin Dx dxdy x y+⎰⎰.【解析】D 关于y x =对称，满足轮换对称性，则：D D=12D D I dxdy ∴==⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰1sin(2Ddxdy =⎰⎰π 221211sin 21()cos 4d r rdrrd r =⋅=-⎰⎰⎰πθππππ22111cos |cos 4r r rdr ⎡⎤=-⋅-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ππ211121sin |4r ⎡⎤=-+-⎢⎥⎣⎦ππ 34=-(18)(本题满分10分)设函数()f u 具有二阶连续导数，(e cosy)xz f =满足22222(4e cos )e x xz z z y x y∂∂+=+∂∂，若'(0)0,(0)0f f ==，求()f u 的表达式.【解析】由()cos ,x z f e y =()(cos )cos ,(cos )sin x x x x z zf e y e y f e y e y x y∂∂''=⋅=⋅-∂∂ 22(cos )cos cos (cos )cos x x x x x zf e y e y e y f e y e y x∂'''=⋅⋅+⋅∂， ()()()22(cos )sin sin (cos )cos x x x x x zf e y e y e y f e y e y y∂'''=⋅-⋅-+⋅-∂ 由 ()22222+4cos x xz z z e y e x y∂∂=+∂∂，代入得，()()22cos [4cos cos ]x x x x x f e y e f e y e y e ''⋅=+即()()cos 4cos cos x x x f e y f e y e y ''-=，令cos =,xe y t 得()()4f t f t t ''-=特征方程 240,2-==±λλ 得齐次方程通解2212t t y c e c e -=+设特解*y at b =+，代入方程得1,04a b =-=，特解*14y t =-则原方程通解为()22121=4t ty f t c e c e t -=+-由()()'00,00f f ==，得1211,1616c c ==-, 则()22111=16164u u y f u e e u -=--.(19)(本题满分10分)设函数(),()f x g x 在区间[,]a b 上连续，且()f x 单调增加，0()1g x ≤≤，证明：（I ）0(),[,]xag t dt x a x a b ≤≤-∈⎰,（II ）()()d ()g()ba a g t dtb aaf x x f x x dx +⎰≤⎰⎰.【解析】（I ）由积分中值定理()()(),[,]xag t dt g x a a x =-∈⎰ξξ()01g x ≤≤Q ，()()()0g x a x a ∴≤-≤-ξ()()0xa g t dt x a ∴≤≤-⎰（II ）直接由()01g x ≤≤，得到()()01=x xaag t dt dt x a ≤≤-⎰⎰（II ）令()()()()()ua u a g t dt aaF u f x g x dx f x dx +⎰=-⎰⎰()()()()()()()()()()'uaua F u f u g u f a g t dt g u g u f u f a g t dt =-+⋅⎡⎤=-+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰由（I ）知()()0uag t dt u a ≤≤-⎰()uaa a g t dt u∴≤+≤⎰又由于()f x 单增，所以()()()0u af u f ag t dt -+≥⎰()()'0F u F u ∴≥∴，单调不减，()()0F u F a ∴≥=取u b =，得()0F b ≥，即（II ）成立. (20)(本题满分11分)设函数[](x),0,11xf x x=∈+，定义函数列 1211()(),()(()),,()(()),n n f x f x f x f f x f x f f x -===L L ，记n S 是由曲线()n y f x =，直线1x =及x 轴所围成平面图形的面积，求极限lim n n nS →∞.【解析】123(),(),(),,(),112131n x x x xf x f x f x f x x x x nx====++++L 11100011()11n n x x n n S f x dx dx dx nx nx+-∴===++⎰⎰⎰ 1110200111111ln(1)1dx dx nx n n nx n n =-=-++⎰⎰ 211ln(1)n n n=-+ ln(1)ln(1)1lim 1lim 1lim 1lim 1n n n x x n x nS n x x→∞→∞→∞→∞++∴=-=-=-+101=-= (21)(本题满分11分) 已知函数(,)f x y 满足2(1)fy y∂=+∂，且2(,)(1)(2)ln ,f y y y y y =+--求曲线(,)0f x y =所围成的图形绕直线1y =-旋转所成的旋转体的体积.【解析】因为2(1)fy y∂=+∂,所以2(,)2(),f x y y y x =++ϕ其中()x ϕ为待定函数. 又因为()2(,)(1)2ln ,f y y y y y =+--则()()12ln y y y =--ϕ，从而()()22(,)212ln (1)2ln f x y y y x x y x x =++--=+--.令(,)0,f x y =可得()2(1)2ln y x x +=-，当1y =-时，1x =或2x =，从而所求的体积为()()2221122112ln ln 22V y dx x xdxx xd x =+=-⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰πππ22211221ln (2)222552ln 2(2)2ln 22ln 2.444x x x x dxx x ⎡⎤⎛⎫=--- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎛⎫=--=-⋅=- ⎪⎝⎭⎰πππππππ(22)(本题满分11分)设矩阵123401111203A --⎛⎫⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，E 为三阶单位矩阵.(I)求方程组0Ax =的一个基础解系； (II)求满足AB E =的所有矩阵B .【解析】()123410012341000111010011101012030010431101A E ----⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪=-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪---⎝⎭⎝⎭ 123410010012610111010010213100131410013141---⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪→-→--- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪------⎝⎭⎝⎭, (I)0Ax =的基础解系为()1,2,3,1T=-ξ (II)()()()1231,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1TTT e e e ===1Ax e =的通解为()()111112,1,1,02,12,13,T Tx k k k k k =+--=--+-+ξ 2Ax e =的通解为()()222226,3,4,06,32,43,TTx k k k k k =+--=--+-+ξ 3Ax e =的通解为()()333331,1,1,01,12,13,TTx k k k k k =+-=--++ξ123123123123261123212134313k k k k k k B k k k k k k ----⎛⎫ ⎪-+-++⎪∴= ⎪-+-++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（123,,k k k 为任意常数）(23)(本题满分11分)证明n 阶矩阵111111111⎛⎫⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭L LM M M M L 与00100200n ⎛⎫⎪⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭LL M M M M L 相似. 【解析】已知()1111A ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭ML L M ，()12001B n ⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭LM =，则A 的特征值为n ，0(1n -重).A 属于n λ=的特征向量为(1,1,,1)T L ；()1r A =，故0Ax =基础解系有1n -个线性无关的解向量，即A 属于0λ=有1n -个线性无关的特征向量；故A 相似于对角阵=0n ⎛⎫⎪⎪Λ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭O . B 的特征值为n ，0(1n -重)，同理B 属于0λ=有1n -个线性无关的特征向量，故B 相似于对角阵Λ.由相似关系的传递性，A 相似于B .（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。

2014年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试高等数学注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上．本卷的试题答案必须答在答题卡上，答在卷上无效．一、选择题（每小题2分，共60分）在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．1．函数ln(1)y x =-的定义域是A ．(1,3]B ．()1, +∞C ．(3,)+∞D ．[3,1)- 2．已知2(2)2f x x x =-，则()f x =A ．2114x + B ．2114x -C ．214x x - D ．114x + 3．设()f x 的定义域为R ，则()()()g x f x f x =--A ．是偶函数B ．是奇函数C ．不是奇函数也不是偶函数D ．是奇函数也是偶函数4．已知224lim42x ax x →+=--，则 A ．1a =-B ．0a =C ．1a =D ．2a =5．1x =-是函数2212x y x x -=--的A ．跳跃间断点B ．可去间断点C ．连续点D ．第二类间断点6．当0x →时，比与1cos x -高阶的无穷小是A 1B ．2ln(1)x + C ．sin xD ．3arctan x7．已知()ln f x x =，则220()()lim2h f x h f x h→+-=A ．2ln xx - B ．ln xxC ．21x -D ．1x8．曲线sin 2cos y t x t=⎧⎨=⎩（t 为参数），则π2t =对应点处切线的方程为A ．1x =B ．1y =C ．1y x =+D ．1y x =-9．函数()(1)(2)(3)(4)f x x x x x x =----，则方程()0f x '=实根的个数为 A ．2 B ．3 C ．4 D ．5 10．设()y y x =是由方程xy xy e =+确定的隐函数,则d d yx= A ．11x yx +--B ．21y xyx --C ．11yx+- D ．12xx xy---11．已知函数()f x 在区间[0,](0)a a >上连续，(0)0f >且在(0,)a 上恒有()0f x '>.设120()d ,(0)as f x x s af ==⎰，1s 与2s 的关系是A ．12s s <B ．12s s =C ．12s s >D ．不确定12．曲线31y x =+的拐点，则 A ．无拐点 B ．有一个拐点 C ．有两个拐点 D ．有三个拐点13. 曲线12y x =-的渐近线的方程为 A ．0,1x y == B ．1,0x y ==C ．2,1x y ==D ．2,0x y ==14. 设)(x F 是)(x f 的一个原函数 ，则()d xx ef e x --=⎰A. C e F x+-)( B. C eF x+--)(C. C e F x+)( D. C eF x+-)(15. 设)(x f 在],[b a 上连续，则由曲线)(x f y =与直线0,,===y b x a x 所围成平面图形的面积为 A.()d b af x x ⎰B.()d b af x x ⎰C.|()|d b af x x ⎰D.|()()|()f b f a b a -- 16．设()f x 是连续函数，满足1211sin ()()d 1xf x f x x x-+=-+⎰，则lim ()x f x →∞= A ．0 B ．π6- C ．π3 D ．π617．设0()(1)sin d xf x t t t =-⎰，则()f x '=A. sin cos x x x +B. (1)cos x x -C. sin cos x x x -D. (1)sin x x -18．下列广义积分收敛的是 A ．2lnxd xx +∞⎰ B．1+∞⎰C．21⎰D ．1cos d x x +∞⎰19．微分方程d d 0x y y x+=的通解是 A ．2225x y += B ．34x y C += C ．22x y C += D ．227y x -= 20．解常微分方程2xy y y xe '''-+=的过程中，特解一般应设为 A ．xe Bx Ax y )(2+=* B ．xAxe y =*C ．xAe y =* D ．)(2B Ax e x y x+=*21．已知c b a,,为非零向量，且0a b ⋅=，0b c ⨯=，则A. //a b 且b c ⊥B. a b ⊥且//b cC. //a c 且b c ⊥D. a c ⊥且//b c 22．直线:325x y z L ==-与平面π:641010x y z -+-=的位置关系是 A ．L 在π上 B ．L 与π平行但无公共点C ．L 与π相交但不垂直D ．L 与π垂直23．在空间直角坐标系内，方程2221x y -=表示的二次曲面是 A. 球面 B.双曲抛物面 C.圆锥面 D.双曲柱面 24．极限0x y →→=A ．0B ．4C ．14D ．14-25．点（0,0）函数z xy =的A.驻点B.极值点C.最大值点D.最小值点 26．设{(,)|||2,||1)D x y x y =≤≤，则()d d Dxy y x y +=⎰⎰A.0B.-1C.2D. 1 27. 设),(y x f 为连续函数，12201d (,)d d (,)d x x x f x y y x f x y y -+⎰⎰⎰⎰交换积分次序后得到A ．2102d (,)d yy y f x y x ⎰⎰ B ．20d (,)d yy f x y x ⎰⎰C ．120d (,)d yyy f x y x -⎰⎰D ．2022d (,)d yy y f x y x ⎰⎰28. L 为从点(0,0)经点(1,0)到点(1,1)的折线,则2d d Lx y y x +=⎰A. 1B. 2C. 0D. -1 29. 下列级数条件收敛的是A. 21211n n n ∞=-+∑ B. 11(1)3n n n ∞=-∑C. 22111n n n n n ∞=++-+∑ D. ∑∞=-11)1(n n n30．级数21141n n∞=-∑的和是A ．1B ．2C ．12 D ．14二、填空题（每小题2分，共20分）31．设1(0,1)1x x f x x x -⎛⎫=≠⎪-⎝⎭，则()____f x =. 32．设连续函数()f x 满足22()()d f x x f x x =-⎰，则2()d ____f x x =⎰.33．已知,1()ln ,1x a x f x x x -<⎧=⎨≥⎩，若函数()f x 在1x =处连续，则_____a =.34．设()33112f x x '+=+，且(0)1f =-，则()____f x =．35．不定积分cos 2d x x =⎰．36．若向量{0,1,1}a =，{1,0,1}b =，{1,1,0}c =，则()____a b c ⨯⋅=.37．微分方程440y y y '''-+=的通解()y x = ． 38．设arctan222(,)ln()cos y xf x y ex y xy =+，则(1,0)______x f '=.39．函数222(,,)f x y z x y z =++在点(1,1,1)处方向导数的最大值为 ______. 40．函数1()12f x x=-的幂级数展开是______________.三、计算题（每小题5分，共50分）41．求极限2x x →.42．设n a 为曲线ny x =与1n y x +=(1,2,3,4,)n =所围成的面积，判定级数1n n ∞=的敛散性.43．求不定积分x ．. 44．计算定积分40|2|d x x -⎰.45．解方程3xy y x '-=的通解． 46．已知函数(,)z f x y =由方程20xyz ez e --+=所确定，求d z ．47．已知点(4,1,2),(1,2,2),(2,0,1)A B C --，求ABC ∆的面积. 48．计算二重积分d Dx y ⎰⎰，其中22{(,)|14}D x y x y =≤+≤.49．计算曲线积分22(1)d (1)d Ly x x x y y ++-⎰，其中L 是圆周221x y +=（逆时针方向）.50．试确定级数01nn x n ∞=+∑的收敛域并求出和函数．四、应用题（每小题7分，共14分）51．欲围一个面积为150平方米的矩形场地.所用材料的造价其正面是每平方米6元，其余三面是每平方米3元.问场地的长、宽各为多少时，才能使造价最低？52．已知D 是抛物线2:2L y x =和直线12x =所围成平面区域.试求: (1) 区域D 的面积；（2）区域D 绕Ox 轴旋转所形成空间旋转体的体积. 五、证明题（6分）53．设2e a b e <<<，证明 2224ln ln ()b a b a e ->-.。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲版卷数学（理科）一．选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．设103i z i=+，则z 的共轭复数为（ ） （A ）13i -+ （B ）13i -- （C ）13i + （D ）13i - 2．设集合2{|340}M x x x =--<，{|05}N x x =≤≤，则M N =（ ）（A ）(]0,4 （B ）[)0,4 （C ）[)1,0- （D ）(]1,0-3．设0sin 33a =，0cos55b =，0tan 35c =，则（ ）（A ）a b c >> （B ）b c a >> （C ）c b a >> （D ）c a b >>4．若向量,a b 满足：||1a =，()a b a +⊥，()2a b b +⊥，则||b =（ ）（A ）2 （B （C ）1 （D ） 5．有6名男医生、5名女医生，从中选出2名男医生、1名女医生组成一个医疗小组，则不同的选法共有（ ） （A ）60种 （B ）70种 （C ）75种 （D ）150种6．已知椭圆C ：()222210x y a b a b +=>>的左、右焦点为1F 、2F ，过2F的直线l 交C 于,A B 两点，若1AF B ∆的周长为C 的方程为（ ）（A ）22132x y += （B ）2213x y += （C ）221128x y += （D ）221124x y += 7．曲线1x y xe -=在点()1,1处切线的斜率等于（ ）（A ）2e （B ）e （C ）2 （D ）18．正四棱锥的顶点都在同一球面上，若该棱锥的高为4，底面边长为2，则该球的表面积为（ ） （A ）814π （B ）16π （C ）9π （D ）274π 9．已知双曲线C 的离心率为2，焦点为1F 、2F ，点A 在C 上，若12||2||F A F A =，则21cos AF F ∠=（ ） （A ）14 （B ）13 （C 4 （D ）310．等比数列{}n a 中，42a =，55a =，则数列{}lg n a 的前8项和等于（ ）（A ）6 （B ）5 （C ）4 （D ）311．已知二面角l αβ--为060，AB α⊂，AB l ⊥，A 为垂足，CD β⊂，C l ∈，0135ACD ∠=，则异面直线AB 与CD 所成角的余弦值为（ ）（A ）14 （B（C（D ）12 12．函数()y f x =的图象与函数()y g x =的图象关于直线0x y +=对称，则()y f x =的反函数是（ ）（A ）()y g x = （B ）()y g x =- （C ）()y g x =- （D ）()y g x =--二．填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分。