下载文档原格式
第4节记叙文题组训练一1话题：人物介绍难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and，to many people，the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.As a moralist，satirist，and social reformer，Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.Dickens was born in Portsmouth，on England’s southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office—a respectable position，but with little social status.His paternal grandparents，a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status，having been servants，and Dickens later concealed their background.Dickens’mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken’s birth，his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe，never to return.The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse，a shoe-polish factory，where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman”.His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations(耻辱) of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’ greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife，although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.Soon after his father’s release from prison，Dickens got a better job as an errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time，Dickens，who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing(转录) the life around him especially anything comic or odd，submitted short sketches(短篇作品) to obscure magazines.The first published sketch，A Dinner at Poplar Walk brought tears to Dickens’ eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine.From then on his sketches，which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The E v ening Chronicle，earned him a modest reputation.Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared，a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments，as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour，who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence，Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment，Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing which，Dickens felt，was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change，went into his backyard，andexpressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel，The Posthumous Papers of the Pick w ick Club，appeared serially in 1836 and 1837，and was first published in book form in 1837.The runaway success of The Pick w ick Papers，as it is generally known today，secured Dickens’ fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars，and the plump，spectacled hero，Samuel Pickwick，became a national figure.After Pick w ick，Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oli v er T w ist，he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums(贫民区) of London.Nicholas Nickleby，his next novel，combines the darkness of Oli v er T w ist with the sunlight of Pick w ick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.1.Dickens’ family background had the following effects on him EXCEPT that .A.he formed an odd personalityB.it cast a shadow on his heartC.he had to drop out of schoolD.it had his dignity threatened答案A解析细节理解题。
第2讲虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1.if虚拟条件句2.错综时间条件句当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功学习了的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。
3.含蓄条件句用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句，常用的介词(短语)有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。
Without your help，we could not have succeeded.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得成功。
But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就没有现代工业。
He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否则他会参加派对的。
4.“要不是因为……”的句型(1)If it were not for...，I would/could/should/might do...要不是因为……，我现在就……(对现在的虚拟)。
(2)If it had not been for...，I would/could/should/might have done...要不是因为……，我当时就……(对过去的虚拟)。
If it were not for free tickets，I would not go to the cinema so frequently.要不是因为免费的电影票，我不会那么频繁地去看电影。
If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid，the consequences might have been much serious.如果当时在对我急救的过程中没有你的及时帮助，后果也许是非常严重的。
三、写作意图题(2019·天津，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》).And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can’t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have madea commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck，or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success答案B解析推理判断题。
题组训练一1话题：完美主义难度：★★★建议用时：15分钟If you are a perfectionist，you’re probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right.According to researchers，perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical if they believe they haven’t met these standards.Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilty if they experience failures，which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried that they might fail.In one study，researchers looked at how perfectionism changes over time.The researchers reviewed previously collected data from over 41,000 college students.They found that college students reported increasing levels of perfectionism：they helped themselves to higher standards，and felt there were higher expectations placed on them.More importantly，what increased the most was the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the surrounding environment.The researchers assumed that this could be because society is increasingly competitive：college students might pick up on these pressures from their parents and society，which would increase perfectionist tendencies.Although many people see the pursuit(追求) of excellence as a good thing，researchers have found that in extreme cases，perfectionism is actually linked to poorer mental health.In one study，researchers looked at a total of 284 studies and found that perfectionists felt depressed and anxious and even had eating disorders.They also found that people higher in perfectionism also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress(痛苦).In other words，although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed，it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful to their mental health.So，is perfectionism always harmful？Psychologists have debated this point，with some suggesting that there can be such a thing as adaptive perfectionism，in which people hold themselves to high standards without being involved in self-criticism over mistakes they make.However，other psychologists suggest that perfectionism isn’t adaptive：according to these researchers，perfectionism is more than just holding yourself to high standards，and they don’t think perfectionism is beneficial.Anyhow，although perfectionism is linked to negative outcomes，the good news is thatperfectionism is something that can be changed.One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset.In their opinion，we should believe that our abilities，including intelligence，can be developed with effort and good learning strategies so that we are motivated to work hard and won’t give up when things get challenging.Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to develop self-compassion(自我同情)—that is to say，we should treat ourselves kindly when we make mistakes，remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being humans，and avoid being consumed with negative emotions.Overall，as long as we take efforts，it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for ourselves.PerfectionismIntroduction •Perfectionism refers to someone’s 1. for everything to be right.•Perfectionists tend to set high and unrealistic standards for themselves.•When perfectionists don’t 2. ，they will blame themselves and stay away from situations where they may experience failures.A study of perfectionism The levels of perfectionism in college students are on the 3. .•They expect too much of themselves.•They become 4. because they are aware of their parents’ high expectations and the competitive society.5. of perfectionism •Perfectionists kind of experience depression，anxiety and eating disorders.•People who are strongly identified with perfectionist qualities suffer more6. .Arguments over perfectionism •There is 7. perfectionism where perfectionists can set high standards for themselves but won’t blame themselves for their mistakes.•Perfectionism isn’t limited to holding oneself to high standards and it can’t be of 8. to people.Approaches to 9. over perfectionism •Develop a growth mindset so that you have motivation to work hard and get through tough situations.•Be kind to yourself despite your mistakes or failures and 10. yourself from negative emotions.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义的相关内容。
第四部分任务型阅读任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。
主要考察考生捕捉获取信息的能力（信息查找题）、组织信息的能力（信息转换题）和综合概括信息的能力（信息归纳题）。
这就要求考生不仅要熟记考纲中常用词汇更要懂得词性之间的转换。
注意：1.书写清晰，卷面整洁；2. 注意大小写，尤其首字母是c, k, o, w, p, s时，大写字母要比小写字母大一倍；3. 拼写与词形检查：如字母r写得像v, a不闭口写得像u；4. 语法检查，尤其是动词的形式：-ing，-ed，原形，单复数，双写等；5. 看清题号，不可错位。
一、解题步骤：1. 先表后文，预测文意略读--快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2. 寻找出处，对号入座3. 整合信息，分析归纳4. 判断用词，准确表达细读--带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
5. 通观全文，复读检查复读—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写、形式是否正确。
* 鼓励学生在文章的内容中划出该题在文章中的信息来源，为学生最后的检查提供线索。
同时提醒学生在填写单词的过程中一定要细心，并且一定要分析找到的单词在题目中所充当的成分从而进行准确的形式变化。
二、解题技巧：1.信息查找题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。
常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。
如：○15W and 1H: who, what, when, where, why, how○2时间先后: first, then, after that, next, finally…○3因果: because, in that, thus, therefore, lead to, cause, as a result…○4比较: similarly, differently, in contrast, compared with…○5转折: but, while, despite, however, instead, rather, though, on the contrary2.信息转换题解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，分析整合并转换成另一种表达方式。
第4节说明文题组训练1September 22,2019 will be World Car-Free Day，a day on which people across the globe are encouraged to find 1 methods to meet their transportation needs and rediscover buses，bikes，and their own 2 .On this day，people get together in the streets，intersections，and neighborhood blocks to 3 the world that we don’t have to accept our car-controlled society.While 4 along these lines had taken place from time to time starting 5 the 1973 oil crisis，it was only in October,1994 6 a structured call for such projects was 7 in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at the International Accessible Cities Conference held in Toledo(Spain).The first national campaign was launched in Britain in 1997，and the French followed suit in 1998.In 2000，car Busters issued an open 8 for a “World Car-Free Day” to 9 with Europe’s Car-Free Day on September 22. 10 then，we have begun to call for citizens to organize 11 on or near this day.However，we do not want 12 one day of celebrations and then return to 13 life.World Car-Free Day is the 14 time to remind city planners and politicians to 15 cycling，walking and public transport.It is up to us，cities and governments to help 16 permanent changes to 17 pedestrians，cyclists and other people who do not drive cars.While 18 accomplishment has been achieved in terms of media coverage，these events 19 to be difficult to achieve real success and even a decade later there is considerable uncertainty about the usefulness of this approach.Broad public support and 20 to change is needed for successful implementation(执行).1.A.effective B.efficientefulD.alternative答案 D解析effective有效的；efficient有效率的；useful有用的；alternative选择性的。
第4节记叙文题组训练一1Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and，to many people，the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.As a moralist，satirist，and social reformer，Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.Dickens was born in Portsmouth，on England’s southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office—a respectable position，but with little social status.His paternal grandparents，a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status，having been servants，and Dickens later concealed their background.Dickens’mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken’s birth，his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe，never to return.The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse，a shoe-polish factory，where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman”.His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations(耻辱) of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’ greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife，although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.Soon after his father’s release from prison，Dickens got a better job as an errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time，Dickens，who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing(转录) the life around him especially anything comic or odd，submitted short sketches(短篇作品) to obscure magazines.The first published sketch，A Dinner at Poplar Walk brought tears to Dickens’ eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine.From then on his sketches，which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The E v ening Chronicle，earned him a modest reputation.Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared，a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments，as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour，who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence，Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment，Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing which，Dickens felt，was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change，went into his backyard，andexpressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel，The Posthumous Papers of the Pick w ick Club，appeared serially in 1836 and 1837，and was first published in book form in 1837.The runaway success of The Pick w ick Papers，as it is generally known today，secured Dickens’ fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars，and the plump，spectacled hero，Samuel Pickwick，became a national figure.After Pick w ick，Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oli v er T w ist，he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums(贫民区) of London.Nicholas Nickleby，his next novel，combines the darkness of Oli v er T w ist with the sunlight of Pick w ick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.1.Dickens’ family background had the following effects on him EXCEPT that .A.he formed an odd personalityB.it cast a shadow on his heartC.he had to drop out of schoolD.it had his dignity threatened答案 A解析细节理解题。
