大学英语语法 第二十五讲 句式与修辞

l.Alliteration 头韵heart,home2.Assonance 元韵late,make“The rain in spain falls mainly in the plain.”The kind guide said aside he would chop the way for us.好心的导游在一旁说他将替我们开路。

3.Consonance 辅韵They left half a loaf in the safe.4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods.5.Aposiopesis ［田'pDosaioepi:sis］说话中断法，跳脱"You’d better do this or else・・・”6.Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells:7.Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance8.Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours.9.Anaphora 首语重复法Light come, light go.10.Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not.11.Simploce 首结语重复法This is the world,s fight, This is civilization,s fight.12.anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way.13.Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome.14.Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easyjhousekeepin g is hard.15.Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life.16.Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope, happiness friends, cigarettes?17.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper.18. Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk.19. Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat.20.Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them, they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence.21.Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a soul, or a body, a mind.22.Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice?23.Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow.24.Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine.25.Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music.26.Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head.27.Antonomasia换称He is modern Hitler---a tyrant.Jack is Michael Jordan on our basketball team.28.Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully.29.Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather.30.Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face.31.Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed32.. understatement轻描淡写，低调陈述1.AUTHOR &WORKS1>William Faulkner is the author of.A.Far From the Madding CrowdB. Sound and FuryC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. Scarlet LetterKey B2>The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by.A. Jack LondonB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ColeridgeD. Ernest HemingwayKey: D3>James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT.A. DublinersB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Jude the ObscureD. UlyssesKey: C4>Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?A. This is my letter to the world.B. / heard a fly buzz —when I died.C. This is just to say.D. Because I could not stop for death.Key: C (William Carlos Williams)5>Francis Bacon' s is a great essay on education.A. The Advancement of LearningB.The Importance of Being EarnestC.The New AtlanticD.The Learned Reading upon the Statute of UsesKey: A6>William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is.A. The School for ScandalB. Past and PresentC. Major BarbaraD. Vanity FairKey: D7>Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?A.She Walks in Beauty.B.The Solitary Reaper.C.When We Two Parted.D.Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage.Key: B8> William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is.A. Coral IslandB. Lord of the FliesC. Treasure IslandD. The Brass ButterflyKey: B9> Moby Dick is the most important work by.A. Jack LondonB. Herman MelvilleC. Sinclair LewisD. Ralph EllisonKey: B10>Stephen Crane is famous for.A. An American TragedyB. The AmbassadorsC. Main StreetD. The Red Badge of CourageKey: D11>Robert Frost is a famous.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. literary criticKey: C12>Eugene 0' Neil is an American.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. essayist KEY:B 13>is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. Bernard ShawKEY:D14>Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?A. Pearl Buck.B. Virginia Woolf.C. Tony Morrison.D. Katharine Mansfield.KEY: A15>is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.A. Robert LowellB. Gary SynderC. Alien GinsbergD. e. e. cummingsKEY: D16>Shylock is a character in.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Twelfth NightC. The Winter's TaleD. MacbethKEY: A17>This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' is quoted fromA. Don Juan.B. Kubla KhanC. To AutumnD. Ode to the West Wind KEY: D18>The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespeare' s.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnetsKEY : D19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyKEY: A19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley KEY: A20>Tess is a character created by.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Thomas HardyD. Dylan Thomas Key: C21>As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in.A. Jane EyreB. Oliver TwistC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch Key: C22>Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by.A. Willa GatherB. Doris LessingC. William FaulknerD. Nathaniel Hawthorn Key: C 23> Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best characters created by CharlesDickens.A. comicB. tragicC. roundD. sophisticated Key: A24> Mr. Darcy is a character in.A. Tess of the D' UrhervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Happy PrinceD. The Mill on the Floss Key: B25> The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by. A. Washington Irving B. Fennimore CooperC. Edith WhartonD. William Dean Howells Key: A 26>is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. RomanceB. NovelC. SonnetD. Drama Key: A27>was the most important person of the transcendental club.A.HawthornB. WhitmanC. EmersonD. Thoreau Key: C28> The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to beA. O'NeilB. PoundC. Robert FrostD. Scott Fitzgerald Key: D29>Together with Lawrence and Joyce,is considered one of the three giants of the modern English novel and a master of English prose. A. Henry James B. Joseph ConradC. E. M. ForsterD. Aldous Huxley Key: B30>,the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.A. Carl JungB. Jean-Paul SartreC. Friedrich Wilhelm NietzscheD. Sigmund Freud Key: D 31> Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism? A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past. Key: B32>Whitman's poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT.A. a strict poetic formB. a simple and conversational languageC.a free and natural rhythmic patternD. an easy flow of feelings Key: A33> Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?A. Hemingway.B. Fitzgerald.C. Gertrude Stein.D. William Faulkner. Key: C34> The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred aroundA. 1820B. 1850C. 1880D. 1920 Key: A35> The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess Key: D 36>is the representative work of the Beat Generation.A. The Great GatsbyB. On the RoadC. Look Back in AngerD. The Sun Also Rises Key: B 37>The most significant idea of the Renaissance is.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism Key: A 38>The title of Thackeray's "Vanity Fair" is taken from —A. The Holy BibleB. The Faerie QueenC.The Pilgrim's ProgressD. Paradise Lost Key: C39>Who is considered the father of American poetry?A. Philip Freneau.B. William Cullen Bryant.C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.D. Henry David Thoreau.Key: A ( The Wild Honey Suckle)40>Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followed by.A. Jack LondonB. Sinclair LewisC. William FaulknerD. Earnest Hemingway Key: D41>is featured by black humor.A. CaricatureB. Catch-22C. The Catcher in the RyeD. Death of a Salesman Key: B 42>has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.A. Ernest HemingwayB. John SteinbeckC. Eugene 0' NeilD. William Faulkner Key: C43>is known as "the poet' s poet".A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. SpenserD. Donne Key: C44> Robert Burns is a poet from.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. IrelandD. Scotland Key: D45>Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between and centuries.A. 14th/mid-17thB. 14th/mid-18thC. 16th/mid-18thD. 16th/mid-17th Key: A46>O Captain! My Captain! was written in memory of.A. Walt WhitmanB. Benjamin FranklinC. Abraham LincolnD. Martin Luther King Key: C47>The first book of the Old Testament is called.A. ExodusB. NumbersC. LeviticusD. Genesis Key: D 48>WilliamBlake' s The Tiger is collected in.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches Key: B 49>Who is the father of English poetry?A. Shakespeare.B. Edmund Spencer.C. John Milton.D. Geoffrey Chaucer. Key: D50>The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".A.William FaulknerB. John SteinbeckC. Saul BellowD. Ernest Hemingway Key: D51>It is generally regarded that Keats' s most important and mature poems are in the form of.A. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet Key: A52> 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his.A. novelsB. poemsC. short storiesD. dramas Key: C 53> Works by are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.A. George EliotB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Virginia Woolf Key: D54>Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?A.John Osborn.B. Wystan Hugh Auden.C. Bernard Shaw.D. Samuel Beckett. Key: D55>In the works of such aesthetics, as and Walter Pater, thetheory of "art for art' s sake" is advocated.A. Oscar WildeB. Mrs. GaskellC. Alexander PopeD. Charles Lamb Key: A56>The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of .A. Jane AustinB. Walter ScottC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth Key: B 57>The Victorian Age was largely an age of, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. pessimismB. naturalismC. modernismD. critical realism Key: D58>In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.B.Edmund Spencer' s The Faerie Queen.C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.D.Henry Fielding' s Tom Jones.Key: C (Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Yahoo)59>The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPTA. The Tenant of Wildfell HallB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Agnes Grey Key: A 60>Beowulf narrates a story taking place in.A. the MediterraneanB. Northern EuropeC. EnglandD. Scandinavia Key: D1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is.A . Robin Hood B. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Canterbury TalesD. Beowulf2.was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Piers the PlowmanC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf3. Most of the ballads of the 5 th century focused on the legend aboutas a heroic figure.A. Green NightsB. GawainC. Robin HoodD. Hamlet4.In the 16th century, Thomas More' s work became immediately popular after its publication.A. Paradise LostB. A Pleasant Satire of the Three EstatesC. Of BeautyD. Utopia5.was Edmund Spencer' s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.A. AmorettiB. The Shepherd' s CalendarC. The Faerie QueenD. Four Hymns6.is from Shakespeare' s sonnet No.18.A.Let me not to the marriage of true mindsB.“To be or not to be: that is the question”C.“ Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day”D.“No longer mourn for me when I am dead”7.The vivid portrayal of by Shakespeare in Henry IV has earned for him an enviable place in the history of English literature.A . Julius Caesar B. Falstaff C. Hamlet D. King Henry 8.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and. A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Julius CaesarC. Twelfth NightD. King Lear9.Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare' s romantic love comedies?A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. As You Like ItD. The Merchant of Venice10.The hero who has fallen a victim to his own ambition must be.1.Hamlet B. Othello C. King Lear D. Macbeth 11.is acclaimed as “the poets ' poet” ,A. ShakespeareB. SpenserC. KeatsD. Chaucer 12. The allusion “A Pound of Flesh” comes from Shakespeare ' sA. HamletB. The Merchant of VeniceC. King LearD. Othello13.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries appeared in Englandas a new trend in literature.A. RenaissanceB. ReformationC. RomanticismD. Sentimentalism14.Of studies was written by.A. John Bunyan.B. John Donne.C. Francis Bacon.D. William Blake.15.Which of the following is the highest form of literary expression?A. Prose.B. Poetry.C. Novel.D. Speech.16.The 18th century in English literature is an age of.A. novelB. poemC. proseD. play17.Which of the following work tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise Regained.C. L' ALLegro.D. Lycidas.18.Who is the creator and a great master of the historical novel?A. John Keats.B. Walter Scott.C. Jane Austen.D. Charles Lamb.19.Bunyan 's most important work is, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.A. The FootprintB. On His BlindnessC. Vanity FairD. The Pilgrim's Progress20.Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half the century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th21.The novel Oliver Twist was written by.A. Jane AustenB. John Keats C . Charles Dickens D. George Eliot 22.In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf” represented the poetry.A. paganB. religionsC. romanticD. sentimental 23. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was who made blank verse the principal vehicleof expression in drama.A. Christopher MarloweB. Thomas LodgeC. Edmund SpenserD. Thomas More24.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people 's suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare25.Of the following plays is not a comedy.A. A Midsummer Night 's DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. Twelfth NightD. Romeo and Juliet26.The first poem in The lyrical Ballads is Coleridge 's masterpieceA. Kubla KhanB. The PreludeC. The Rime of Ancient MarinerD. Tintern Abbey27.Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Great ExpectationsC. Hard TimesD. David Copperfield28.Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in after the Norman Conquest.A. FrenchB. LatinC. EnglishD. Greek29.Beowulf was written in.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. French30. The English Renaissance period was an age of B. poetry and drama D. romance and poetry 6-10 C B D B D 16-20 C A B D C 26-30 C A C A B A. drama and novelC. novel and poetry1---5 D C C D C 11-15 B B C C B 21-25C A A A D。

大学英语修辞1) Simile：(明喻）2) Metaphor：(暗喻）3) Analogy: (类比）4) Personification: (拟人）5) Hyperbole: (夸张）6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）8) Metonymy (转喻）9) Synecdoche (提喻）10) Antonomasia (换称）11) Pun: (双关语）12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙）13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）14) Irony: (反语）15) Innuendo: (暗讽）16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）17) Paradox: (隽语）18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）19) Antithesis: (对照）20) Epigram: (警句）21) Climax: (渐进）22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）24) Transferred Epithet: (一就修饰语）25) Alliteration: (头韵）26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。

它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。

（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。

包括: a) Onomatopoeia(拟声) 是模仿事物发出的声响,如：Presently there came theclick of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声咯咯地传了过来。

b) Alliteration(头韵) 就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；如：Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。

大学英语写作修辞英语写作中对于修辞手法的巧妙运用，可不是大学生的专利，任何一个学习英语的人都可以做到。

下面是店铺给大家整理的大学英语写作修辞，供大家参阅!大学英语写作中修辞手法的运用修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。

但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。

因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。

对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。

对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。

1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。

如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。

1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。

)2)如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。

)3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth inthe statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。

论英语语法与修辞语法和修辞既是相通的，又是有区别的。

语法是语言的组织规律，讲的是语言的结构形式；因此语法学家研究的对象是语言本身规律的一部分，是研究如何造出合乎语法的句子。

因为只有合乎语法规则的句子才具有可理解的性质，才有可能被用作表达思想的基本语言单位。

修辞不同于语法，它是研究语言使用的规律，是和语言的使用目的和使用场合密切相关的。

因此，修辞学研究的对象是如何在具体交际场合中取得最好的语言表达效果，即如何根据不同的对象和场合把话说好，把文章做好，以便更好地达到交际目的。

但是，修辞和语法又密切相关，可以说，修辞知识是语法知识的延伸，前者是建筑在后者基础上。

因为语法告诉我们，同一个意思可以有不同的合乎语法的表达方式，而修辞则告诉我们如何恰当地选用语法形式，以达到最好的语言表达效果。

语法结构形式的选用，关系到使用领域（即语体）的问题。

比如在学术论文中，不可用适合于口头的表达方式；在法律文书中，不可用形象生动的文学语言；对上级或者长辈讲话，用语不可太随便；跟朋友谈心，用语又不可太庄重。

因此，一本好的语法书必然要涉及修辞问题。

我们学习语法不能只重视分析语言的能力；更重要的是要培养自觉、恰当地运用语言的能力。

从这个角度来看，语法必须结合修辞，语法书的编写不能局限于词法和句法而必须超越句法的范围，讲一点如何恰当地使用语法知识的规律。

恰当地使用语法知识规律可以简单地归纳为以下内容：表达思想，分清主次；关系明确，避免歧义；言语简练，用词经济；句式多样，灵活交替。

一、表达思想，分清主次这是修辞的第一条要求。

在使用语言进行交际时，总是要把主要的住处突出起来，以便引起对方的注意，能为对方所理解并把握住意义的重心。

这就涉及语法中一系列强调手段的运用问题。

这些强调手段包括后置和前置、主从句、分裂句、层进法等，只要用之得当，便可在组词成句中突出主要的信息，分清主要次要的意思。

1、后置后置，作为一种突出主要思想的手段，是现代英语的词序特征。

大学英语修辞格大学英语常见修辞格所谓修辞是指依据题旨情境恰当地选择语言手段和表达方式, 以有效地表情达意。

修辞的目的是使作品更加形象生动、引人入胜。

了解英语中的修辞, 有助于我们更好地理解、欣赏文章,也有助于在写作中丰富我们自己的表达。

英语修辞格按其构成大致可以分为三类:(一)词义修辞格(Lexical Rhetorical Devices)词义修辞格主要是指借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。

大学英语中常见的词义修辞格有以下几种:1. Simile 明喻与汉语的明喻基本相同,是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系。

常用来表示明喻的喻词有like, as, as if, as though等。

如:Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back. 学如逆水行舟,不进则退。

2. Metaphor 暗喻暗喻也是一种比喻, 但不用比喻词, 因此被称为"缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)"。

它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征, 用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。

如:And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 但是,尽管我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,却不知何故不愿意给我们的同伴赞扬的阳光。

(该句中,将criticism比喻成cold wind,将praise比喻成warm sunshine,但是未使用任何比喻词,因此为暗喻。

)3. Metonymy转喻/借代转喻类似于汉语中的借代修辞,是通过相近的联想, 借喻体代替本体,它根本不说出本体事物, 直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。

浅析《大学英语》中常用英语修辞格浅析《大学英语》中常用英语修辞格一些语言和文章之所以流传广泛，经久不衰，是因为它们极有表现力，其中不乏准确恰当的修辞手段，从而使文章更加形象生动、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜。

本文根据《大学英语》中出现的最常见的几种修辞格加以分析，希望有助于大家在学习英语的过程中能够恰当地选择修辞手段来丰富自己的表达。

明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though 等。

例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.（他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。

）在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样，生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。

●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。

) 《礼物》一文中，老太太喜迎八十大寿，大女儿不来庆祝，只寄来一张支票。

作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟，形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭，极度伤心的心情。

暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。

它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。

例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? （如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？) 形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。

Pocket英语语法第一讲英语五种基本句式He learns English every day. 他每天学英语基本句式一:S V (主+谓)The universe remains 宇宙长存基本句式二:S V P (主+系+表) 系动词表连系作用.表语是描述主语性质特点位置的词The food is delicious 这个食物很好吃基本句式三:S V O (主+谓+宾)宾语是动作执行的对象He took his bag and left 他拿着书包离开了基本句式四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)注: o，一般指人。

O，一般指物。

Her father bought her a dictionary 他的爸爸给他买了一本词典。

基本句式五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)We made him our monitor 我们选他当班长。

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart!有志者事竟成!第二讲Be动词的形式和用法Be动词的形式：一般现在时：be,is,am,are。

一般过去时：was,were。

Be动词的现在分词：being。

Be动词的过去分词：been。

========================Is:和单数主语连用的be动词。

The man is back.Are: 和复数主语连用的be动词。

They are backWas:和单数主语连用的be动词 he was back.Were:复数主语连用的过去形式。

They were backBeen：复数主语连用的现在完成时态形式 they have been backBe动词的用法：后面接名词，形容词，地点副词，或短语作补足语。

1．the man is a teacher a tercher 是补足语，补充说明前面的2 Mary’s new dresses are colorful3 My mother was in the kitchenBe动词的练习：现在时:They are teachers. 他们是老师。

大学英语中常见的修辞手法1 明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。

如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。

例如：Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。

）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。

)2 暗喻(the metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。

它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。

本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。

例如：I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。

）(第二册第三单元课文A)Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。

大学英语教材中常见的英语修辞摘要：英语修辞在大学英语教材中是一项重要的内容。

因为有些修辞用法相似，所以很难区别。

现以大学英语教材中常见的四种修辞为例并介绍它们的特征以及如何区分。

关键词：英语修辞；明喻；暗喻；拟人；委婉语1 明喻（simile）明喻是表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。

说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。

常用的比喻词有 as（如）， like（像）， seem（似乎）， as if（好像）， as though（好像）， such as（像……一样）等。

其基本格式是"A is like B"或"A is as…as B"。

例如：（1）Her eyes were blue as flowers，and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive.她的眼睛碧蓝，如花似玉。

她身穿浅绿色套装，犹如春天一般生机盎然。

（Unit 5 Text A，New College English 1）课文中作者把霍利思·梅奈尔小姐的青春活力和春天万物欣欣向荣联系起来。

（2）Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.（E.B.White）被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果——纷纷坠落。

（3）We feel as if we've been faxed.（Unit 7 Text A，New College English 4）太热了，我们觉得自己被传真过似的。

请注意下面这句话：Jim looks like his brother Billy.吉姆和他的兄弟比利长得很像。

这句话就不是明喻：这里把两件相同的事物（两个人）做比较。

2 暗喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

篇一：大学英语修辞手法总结英语修辞手法总结4)personification/p??s?n?f??ken/: (拟人）it gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). for example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) hyperbole/ha?ˋp?b?l?/: (夸张） it is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. for instance, he almost died laughing.6) understatement: (含蓄陈述） it is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. it achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. for instance, it is no laughing matter.7)euphemism/ ?ju?f?m?z?m/: (委婉） it is the substitution of an agreeable orinoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. for instance, we refer to die as pass away.8) metonymy (转喻）it is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. for instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9)synecdoche[sinekd?ki] (提喻） it is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the 2whole for the part. for instance, they say theres bread and work for all. she was dressed in silks.10)antonomasia[??nt?nouˋm?i??](换喻）it has also to do with substitution. it is not oftenmentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. for example, solomon for a wise man. daniel for a wise and fair judge. judas for a traitor.11) pun: (双关语）it is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. for instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (here arms has two meanings:a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) syllepsis [silepsis]: (一语双叙） it has two connotations.in the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeingwith only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). for example, he addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (here us is used to refer to you and me.)in the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. for example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13)zeugma[zju:gm?]: (轭式搭配） it is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. for example, the sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (here noon is not strong enough to burn) 14) irony/ ˋa?r?n?/: (反语） it is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. for instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.16) sarcasm: (讽刺） it sarcasm is a strong form of irony. it attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. for example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) paradox: (似非而是的隽语） it is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to 3established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. for example more haste, less speed.19) antithesis: (对照） it is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. for example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) epigram: (警句） it states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). it isusually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. for instance, few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) climax: (渐进）it is derived from the greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps ofa ladder ascending evenly. for example, i came, i saw, i conquered.22) anti-climax or bathos: (突降）it is the opposite of climax. it involves stating ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weightyto light or frivolous. for instance, but thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) apostrophe：(顿呼） in this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. for instance, england! awake! awake! awake!24) transferred epithet: (转类形容词） it is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. for instance, i spent sleepless nights on my project.25) alliteration: (头韵） it has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. it is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called front rhyme. for instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) onomatopoeia: (拟声） it is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement4explanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。

一、高考英语基础写作25式简介这个25式是一个万能写作语料库，可以帮助同学们达到写作高分水平，摆脱模板式写作，或者这样说考前多浏览一下，考试的时候可以达到自己想写什么就写什么，不至于写作无话可写。

二、高考英语基础写作25式1. 寒暄非常高兴回想起过去的两个月，我在贵杂志担任编辑工作。

I am quite/ particularly pleased to recall the past two months when I worked as an editor for your magazine.表高兴的形容词: happy/excited/pleased非常高兴听到一次国际会议即将于下月在我们这所大学举行的好消息。

It is quite great to hear the good news that an international conference is scheduled to be held in our university next month.2. 自我介绍作为贵报一名非常关注环境保护的忠实读者，我写信想要……As a regular/ loyal / faithful reader of your newspaper who focuses much eyesight on environmental protection, I am writing for the purpose of ....作为一名前几日在你们这家商店购买了一个电子词典的消费者，我写信想要投诉，因为我发现词典的屏幕出问题了。

As a customer who purchased an electronic dictionary from your store the other day/ several days ago, I am writing for the purpose of making a plaint, because I found there is something wrong with its screen.3. 目的：for/with the purpose of doing sth. ==to do sth.今天，我代表学生会写信想要表达我们的诚挚欢迎并提几个建议。

第二十五讲句式与修辞在英语语言的实际运用中, 不宜总是用“主—谓—表”、“主—谓—宾”等简单句结构。

简单句容量小, 有局限性, 用多了会使句型呆板、单调, 千句一面, 文章乏味, 没有可读性, 因而也就不能较好地表达思想。

要使语言新鲜、生动、富有吸引力, 不断地变换句子结构、句型及表达方式, 是非常必要的, 也是可能的。

比如, 同一思想往往可以用简单句、复合句或并列句表达, 可用分词短语表达, 也可用介词短语表达; 可用主动语态表达, 也可用被动语态表达; 可用肯定形式表达, 也可用否定形式表达; 可用直陈语气表达, 也可用虚拟语气表达, 等等。

另外, 从修辞学的角度讲, 英语句子有松散句( loose sentence )、尾重句( periodic sentence)和平衡句(balanced sentence )之分。

在松散句中, 主要信息或实质部分先出现, 后跟修饰语或补充性细节; 在尾重句中, 主要信息或实质部分出现在句尾或句子后半部分; 在平行句中, 信息同等重要, 句式结构相同, 并驾齐驱, 相互独立。

同时, 行文时, 还可使用某些修辞手法, 如明喻、暗喻、夸张、拟人等, 从而更加形象地描写事物, 更加生动地说明事理。

英语句式变化多样, 修辞手法丰富多彩, 我们完全可以根据思想表达的需要, 利用各种词句表现手法, 安排句子的各种成分, 以达到理想的表达效果。

下面对英语的典型句式和修辞进行综合考察, 通过转换对比, 揭示出英语行文造句的灵活性和多样性。

一、统一性1 . 从属关系准则在一个句子中(指复合句) , 如果要表达的是两个或两个以上的思想, 而这些思想同等重要, 互不依附, 处于并列的地位, 那就要把它们当作并列句处理, 用并列连词( and, but , or 等)连接起来。

例如:His father is a professor and his mother is a musician . 他父亲是一位教授, 母亲是一位音乐家。