2011年同等学力英语真题

2011考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2011 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) in English, commonly known as the "考研英语", is an important and highly competitive examination in China that tests students' English language proficiency. This article will provide an overview of the 2011 GEE and present the actual exam questions and their corresponding answers.Section I:Part A: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the most significant reason for the lack of quality sleep among adolescents?Answer: Academic stress and irregular schedules.2. What is the main purpose of the passage?Answer: To discuss the impact of inadequate sleep on adolescent development.2. Passage 2Questions:1. What is the author's view on the role of money in achieving happiness?Answer: Money alone cannot guarantee happiness, but it is an important factor in improving the overall quality of life.2. According to the passage, what is the primary difference between the perspectives of the rich and the poor on the importance of money?Answer: The rich focus on the potential for obtaining more money, while the poor are more concerned with basic survival needs.Part B: Cloze TestQuestions:1. Answer: elimination2. Answer: pronounced3. Answer: imitate4. Answer: significance5. Answer: undergoingSection II:Translation and Writing1. TranslationTranslate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.原文：中国传统文化源远流长，有着丰富的内涵和智慧。

Part III Reading Comprehension（45 minutes，30 points，1 for each）Directions：There are 5 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by 5 questions．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter in the circle on your ANSWEET SHEET．Passage OnePeople are living longer than ever，but for some reason，women are living longer than men．A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 Can expect to live to be about 73，a baby girl，about 79．This is indeed a wide gap，and no one really knows why it exists．The greater longevity（长寿）of women，however，has been known for centuries．It was，for example，described in the seventeenth century．However，the difference was smallerthen—the gap is growing．A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences．The gap is greatest In industrialized societies，So it has been suggested that women are 1ess susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism．Sociologists also tell US that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men （and this may be why they are more careful drivers，involved in fewer accidents）．Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy．It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force，the age gap would begin to close，because smoking is related to earlier deaths．Now，however，we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply．One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men．That is，they report far more illnesses．But when a man reports ail illness，it is more likely to be serious．Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions．For example，men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do．Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job．（Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system．）Among men，death follows retirement with all alarming promptness．Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem．Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage．After all，the phenomenon is not isolated to humans．Females have the edge among virtually all mammal all（哺乳动物的）species，in that they generally live longer．Furthermore，in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception；there are more male miscarriages（流产）．In humans，after birth，more baby boys than babygirls die．31．What Can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A．Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged．B．Researchers have found the causes of the age gap．C．The more advanced a society，the greater the age gap．D．The age gap was noticed only recently．32．As is suggested in Paragraph 2，the two factors relevant t0 women’s longer lifespan are．A．diseases and road accidentsB．industrialization and work strainsC．their immunity to heart disease and refusal 0f alcoh01D．their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure33．According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements is true?A．The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap．B．The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap．C．Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers．D．Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity．34．Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A．Men’s healt h is more closely related to their emotions．B．Though more liable to illnesses，women still live longer．C．Men show worse symptoms than women when they fallⅢ．D．Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement．35．The word“edge’’ in Paragraph 6 means “”．A．margin B．side C．advantage D．quality36．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The greater longevity of women remains a mystery．B．That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity．C．People are living longer as a result of industrialization．D．Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life．Passage TwoUntil 1ast spring．Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59．But as fuel prices rose，the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation COSTS．So the school’s busing company redrew its route map，eliminating Nia’s bus altogether．Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus”－－－ a group of kids，supervised by an adult or two，who make the walk together．Like t11e rest of US，school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt．The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two wears．For the typical American school district，bus bills total 5 percent of the budget．As administrators look to trim，busing is an inviting target，since it doesn’t affect classroom i11struction （or test scores）．More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget．Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves：according to a 1969 survey，nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school，compared with only 1 6 percent in 200 1．Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic，crime or simple bullying，but with organized adult supervision，thoseconcerns have diminished·Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save．In rural areas where busing is a must．some schools have even chosen four－day school weeks．Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling．They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel—efficient routes，which aren’t always the shortest ones．There could be downsides，however，to the busing cutbacks．If every formerly bused student begins walking to school，it’s an environmental win—－but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow．Replacing buses with many more parent—driven cars can also increase safety risks：A 2002 report concluded students are 1 3 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car，since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size And some students complain about the long morning hikes，particularly when the route contains a really big hill．37．The “walking school bus’’．A ．aims to keep children fitB．does not consume fuelC．seldom causes traffic jams D．is popular with school kids38．In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with．A．school districtsB．individual schools C．teachers D．parents39．As regards walking to sch001．modem parents seem much concerned with the．A．time spent on the way B．changes in the routeC．safety of their children D．kids’ physical strength40．To save money，some schools choose to．A．shorten the school week B．take the shortest routesC．give drivers better training D．use fuel—efficient buses41．Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to．A．fiercer competition among bus companiesB．more students taking public transportationC．a decrease in the safety of school busesD．an increase in carbon dioxide emissions42．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?A．Favorable．B．Critical．C．Indifferent．D．Objective．Passage ThreeIf you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months．You’ve probably been avoiding the media．There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon，considered a type of aggressive driving．You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all．While drunk driving remains a critical problem，the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing．For instance，according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association，41，907 people died on the high way last year．Of those fatalities，the agency estimates that about two—thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior．Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now，and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories，and all are probably partially correct．One suggestion is sheer overcrowding．In the last decade，the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent，andthe number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent．However，the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent．That means more cars in the same amount of space；and the problem is magnified in urban areas．Also，people have less time and1110re things to do．With people working and trying to fit extra chores（琐事）and activities into the day，stress levels have never been higher．Stress creates anxiety，which leads to short tempers．These factors，when combined in certain situations，can spell Road Rage．You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively，but you might be surprised．For instance，have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver，sounded the horn long and hard at another car，or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations，watch out！Whether you are getting angry at other drivers，or another driver is visibly upset with you，there are things you Can do to avoid any major confrontation．If you are susceptible to Road Rage．the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way．If you are the target of another driver’s rage，do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely，including avoiding eye contact and geeing out of their way．43．The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies thatA．Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few monksB．people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC．one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD．the media coined the term “Road Rage”only a few months ago44．According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association，last yearA．more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingB．drunk driving remained the No．1 killer onthe highwaysC．two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD．41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving45．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A．Increasing number of cars．B．Drivers’ stress and anxiety．C．Rush hour traffic．D．Overcrowded roads．46．The word “spell’’in Paragraph 3 meansA．cause B．speak C．describe D．spare47．Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A．Talking while driving．B．Driving fastC．Sounding the horn when passing．D．Yelling at another driver48．The last paragraph is intended toA．inform people how aggressive drivers could beB．tell people how to cope with Road RageC．tell people how to control themselves when angryD．warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FourMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment，but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy．For example，everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no One is in an office．Similarly’ when employees are not using a meeting room，there is no need to regulate temperature．Fortunately，one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy．With the help of smart sensing and network technology，energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated．U1timatelv’mis technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes，buildings and industrial plants．Until now，wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor（传感器）networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain．Battery—powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost．But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain．Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries ill a large building on a regular basis．The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated．Doing so requires a true bakery—free wireless solution，one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment．To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensornetworks，Green Peak has developed an ultra－low －power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light，motion and vibration．This technology, employingon—board powermanagementcircuitsand computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use Of harvested energy，enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery—free environment．wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have all enormous impact on our daily lives，helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized．These wireless platforms，equipped with advanced sensing capability，will enable US to better control our lives，homes and environment，creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comf0Itable．safer，and cleaner environment．49．By “human intervention’’（Paragraph 2），the author refers toA．the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB．the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC．the adoption of smart sensing and network technologyD．acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room50．Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because theyA．contain metals that pollute the environmentB．have to be replaced from time to timeC．require automatic recharging。

试卷一Paper One(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes，10 points，1 for each) Section ADialogue CompletionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by 4 choices A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.A：Could you install this equipment for me?B： e on.don’t you SCC I’m busy now?B.Unless you can help mc with my computerC.It’S very heavy.It’11 be ok ifyou can find another handD.Ifl were you.1 would do it myself2. A：Martin.congratulations on your winning such a great awardB：A.Oh，do you really think so?B.All the honor should go to my colleaguesC.You know，I have stayed up very late recentlyD.I have great confidence to win this time3. A.Do you know what happen to Jack?B：I don’t care what happen to himB：A.I know you feel ill ofhim，but he failed in the driving test againB.I know you arc fed up with him，but he is still fineC.Oh，you shouldn’t look up to himD.I know you feel sick of hearing his noxnc，but he was seriously injured in the car accident4. A.The phone bill was$1 60 this month.Someone must have made several international calls without keeping mc informedB：A.Wow.I don’t know you are such a stingy personB.You mean I did it when you were absent?C.I’m sorry.Mrs.Jones.I forgot to tell you that I called my girlfriend in Italy a couple of times.D.It’S none of my business.But I guess it’S Ted who did it，because he has a girlfriend inFrance.5. A：What do you think I should dress for the reception?B：A.Oh，just come asyou oreB.Do you really need to dress up yourselfC.Really?You will join the reception?D.Coat and tie.I’m sureSection BDialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman.At the end of conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer to the question by marking the corresponding letter with a single box across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. M：Mary.I bought an old vase for$10.but it turned out to be 500 years oldW：You’ve gotta be kidding.It must be imitationQ：What does the woman mean?A.The man is cracking ajoke on herB.It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for SO little moneyC.The man is out of his mind about the old vaseD.The man is run into a great fortune7. W：Hey.Frank.you look upset.Is it the problem with the project?M：Yeah.I can’t come up with the solutionQ：What’S wrong with the man?A.He con’t find a good idea about the problemB.He feels hopeless about the projectC.He has encountered another problemD.He is going to give up the project8.M：Call you come over for dinner tonight?W：I’m up to my ears in works.SO I’11 have to take a rain checkQ：What does the woman mean?A.She wants to check the weather before decidingB.She has a problem with her hearingC.She’d enjoy coming to dinner another timeD.She want the man to help her with some work9. M：I've got a C on the biology test.So I have to talk to the Professor to change itW：That will give you nowhere.The only thing you con do is to do it better next time Q：What does the woman mean?A.It’S useless to talk to the professorB.The professor is often unfairC.The man has done well enoughD.Theman call’t bebetter next time10.M：I Call’tputup with Josefatthe meeting.Itwas an insultto meW：But you should be outspoken about thisQ：What is the woman’S suggestion?A.The man should not say things like thatB.The man should fight backC.The moll should show his anger openlyD.The man should not complain openlyPart II Vocabulary(10 minutes，10 points，0.5 for each) Section ADirections：In this section there are Choose the one from the meaning of the sentence SHEET with a single line are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined.four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER through the center1 1.Consumer groups protesting againist prices in this city nowA.clothingB.clinging toplaining aboutD.clutching with12.They have announced that two failing firms have eventually emerged?ernedB.greetedmittedbined13.Two Substitutes were used the during the basketball gamesA.playersB.centersC.refereesD.replacements1 4.His plans should succeed without too much trouble，for it seems feasiblepleteB.decisiveC.daringD.possible1 5.Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of the evidenceA.changedB.discussedC.postponermed16.The object for each other in the game of chess is to trap the other player’S king intoa positionfrom which escape is impossibleA.skillB.aimC.interestD.Difficulty1 7.the colors red，blue and yellow canbe.Mixed human eye con distinguishA.soakedB.rankedC.blendedD.purchased18.Annie’Sjob as an assistant at the university observatory was to classify stars according to their spectra.A.10cateB.photographC.drawD.categorize19.During the United States civil Nor，many people in the south were forced to flee their home.A.retum toB.pay taxes onC.run away fromD.rebuild20. It is reported that the policemen are pursuing the bank robbers in the country.A.appealing toB.chasingC.applying toD.claiming forSection BDirections：In this section，there are 10 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding le~er on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21.Oil is an important material which can be processed into molly different products，including plasticsA.rawB.bleakC.flexible D .fertile22.The high living standards of the US cause its present population to 25 percent of the world’S oil.A. assumeB.consume C .resume D .presume23.You shouldn’t be so I didn’t mean anything bad in what I saidA .sentimentalB .sensibleC .sensitiveD .sophisticated24.Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the of art for later genrations.A.philosophyB. concept C .viewpoint D .theme25.Member states had the option to——from this agreement with one year’S notice.A. deny B .object C .suspect D .withdraw26.The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations，traditionallya source of irritation.A .mutualB .optional C. neutral D. parallel27.Williams had not been there during the moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A .superior B. rigorous C.vital D.unique28.Travel around Japan today，and one sees foreign residents a wide Of jobs .A .rangeB .field C. scale D. area35.Mayor Booker’S effort against crime seem to beA.idealisticC.effectiveB.impracticalD.fruitless36.The best title forthe passage may beA.Stop Shooting，Start Thinking，and KeepB.Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC.A Mission to Revitalize the CityD.Violent Murders in NewarkPassage TwoAccording to a recent survey on money and relationships，3 6 percent of people are keeping bank account from their partner.While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in relationship，in truth it may just be a form of financial protection .With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce，men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy regardless of whether t11eY are in a relationship The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce Call be extremely difficult，even more so when children are involved.The lack of permanency in relationships，jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner;in other words，an’’escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique.She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings .Every month on pay day，she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband.She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incerdible $1 00，000 on top of her pension .Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.’’He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong.I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is，but you can never be sure.’’Like many of her fellow secret savers，Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money .Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad.Take example，who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner.’’ decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own.1 wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.’’“When John found out about my secret savings，he was a little suspicious of my motives.I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship.I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future.It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.’’37.The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because .A.escape fund helps one through rainy daysB.days are getting harder and harderC.women are money sensitiveD.financial conflicts often occur3 8.The word：.saIiw”(Line2：Para 2)probably means .A.suspiciousC.shrewdB.secureD.simple39.W hat would Margaret’s husband probably do if he found out about her secret savings?A.breaks up with herB.builds anest eggforherC.interprets this as a divorcing signalD.escapes the wrong place40.Which inference coil we make about Margaret?A.She is a unique womanC.She is going to retireB.She was once divorcedD.She has many children41.The author mentions Colleen’s example to showA.any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB.privacy within marriage should be respectedC.everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD.financial disclosure is not necessarily bad42.Which of the following best summary this passage?A.Secret SaversC.Banking HonestyB. Love I Wat it’s WorthD.Once Bitten，Twice ShyThe word‘protection’is no longer taboo(禁忌语)”.This short sentence，uttered by French resident Nicolas Sarkozy last month，may have launched a new era in economic history.Why? or decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural ood.Doing so，they reasoned，would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity，which in turn would improve human welfare.Championing free trade thus became a moral，not just an economic，cause.These leaders，of course，weren’t acting out of unselfishness.They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from liberalization.And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity.Today，however，the tables have turned…though few acknowledge it.The West continues to preach free trade，but practices it less and n，meanwhile，continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade .That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important：he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates.The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade，though few leaders admit it.Some economists are more honest.Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning.In the short run，there will be winners and losers under free trade.This，of course，is what capitalism is all about.But more and more of these losers will be in the West，Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter，who said that‘creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth.But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there.When Western workers began losing jobs，suddenly their leaders began to lose faitll in their principles，Things have yet to reverse com pletely.But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice .A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem.The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization.Lock at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund)The Europeans have demanded that t11eY keep the post of managing director.But all too often，Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions .The time has therefore come for the Asians-who ore clearly the new winners in today’S global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade：Sadly，they have yet to do SO.Unless Asians speak out，however，there’S a real danger that Adam Smith’S principles，which have brought SO much good to the world，could gradually die.And that would leave all of US，worse off,in one way or another .43.It can be in ferred that“protection”(Line 1，Para.1)meansA improving economic efficiencyB.ending the free-trade practiceC.10wering moral standardD.raisingtradetariffs44.The Western leaders preach free trade becauseA.it is beneficial to their economiesB.it is supported by developing countriesC.it makes them keep faith in their principlesD.it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam45.By“the tables have turned”(Line 3-4，Para.2)theA.the Western leaders have turned self-centered Smith author implies thatB.the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC.the developed economies have turned less competitiveD.the developing economies have become more independent46.The Western economies used to like the idea of“creative destruction’’because itA.set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB.was an essential part of capitalist developmentC.contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD.was meant to be the destruction of developing economies47.The author uses“IMF’’was an example to illustrate the point thatA.European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB.there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC.global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD.European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders48.Which of the following is true about Asians?ns have to speak out the protectionns have demand that they keep the post of managersns succeed in today’S globa l economyns succeed by Adam Smith’S principlesNames have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education.As colleges strive for market share，they are looking for names that proj ect the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make.Trenton.State College，for example，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.“All I hear in higher education is，‘Brand，brand，b rand’said Tim Westerbeck，who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne，a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations.“There has been a sea change over the last l 0 years.Marketing u sed to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”Not all efforts at name changes are successful，of course.In 1997，the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges，offering a list of maj ors that includes psychology，music，urban studies and management.But New Yorkers continued to call it the New Sch001.Now，after spending arl undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of“haming structures.’’“brand architecture’’and“identity systems.’’the university hascome up with a new name：the New Sch001.Beginning Monday，it will adopt new logon(标识)，banners，business cards and even new names for the individual colleges，all to include the words“the New Sch001.’’Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived.In altering its name from Cal State.Hayward，to Cal State，East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado，a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to highlight many internal changes，including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 200 1 for several reasons：to break the connection with its past as a women’s college，to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的)university and officials acknowledged，to eliminate some jokes about the coll ege’s old name on late-night television and‘'morning ZOO”radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results.At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications，the average students’test score has increased by 60points，Juli Roebeck，arl Arcadia spokeswoman said.49.which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A .They prefer higher education competitionB .They try to gain advantage in market shareC .They want to proj ect their imageD .They hope to make some changes50.It is implied that one ofthe most significant changes in highter education in the past decade isA.the brand.B .the college namesC .the concept of marketingD. list ofmajors.5 1.What happened to New School for Social Research?A.It is renamed by New YorkersB.It Offers a list ofbooksC.It contains management and MBA courseD.Its new name is not Successful52.The phrase”come up with”(Line 3 Para 4)probably meansA.catchupwithB.dealwithC.putforwarde to the realization53 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the universityA .is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC.prefers to reform its reaching programsD.expects to enlarge its campus54.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver CollegeA .turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has trlsformed its statusIt looked just like another aircraft from the outside The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their livesInside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel.Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling it looked a bit strange.There were almost no windows，but lights along the padded walls illuminated it.Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear .For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency.the challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions .For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an enornlous bird which had lose its reason，shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth.The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds .The aircraft took off smoothly enough.But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds.Then the engines cut out and we became weightless.Everything become confused and left or right.Up or down no longer had any meaning.after ten seconds of flee fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive.The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss.but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bumpEach time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless.A new team conduct it experience.First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet.then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a further space station.the Americans had 3.11 idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellitesAfter two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments，the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness.Most of the students thought it was unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat .55.what did the writer say about the plane?A .Ithadno seats.B. It was painted whiteC. It had no windowsD. The outside was misleading.5 6.according to the writer，how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A.sickB.keenC.nervousD.impatient57.According to the passage，what can be concluded about European Space Agency?A.It produces air-planesB.It sends invitationsC.It trains students from across the continentsD.It conducts imaginative experiments58.what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A.He quickly climbed and then stopped the enginesB.He climbed and them made the plane fall slowly.C.He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 secondsD.He climbed and then made the plane turn over59.Acoording to the passage，the purpose ofbeing weightless was toA.see what conditions bare like in spaceB.prepare the youngC.show thejudges of the competition what they could doD .make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA.encourage young people to take up scienceB.describe the process of a scientific competitionC.show scientists what young people can doD.report on a new scientific techniquePart IV Cloze(15 minutes，15 points，1 for each)Directions：In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center .Most people who travel long distances complain ofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应).Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 6l making mistakes.It is actually caused by disruption of your‘'body clock” a small cluste r of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 62 .The body clock is de-signed for a一63一rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it experiences daylight and darkness at the‘'wrong”times in a new time zone.The 64 ofj etlag often persist for days 65 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new a_nti-jetlag system is 66 that is based on proven extensive pioneering scientitic research Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 67 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy toaccomplish and eliminates 68 of the discomfort ofjetlag.A succesful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 69 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 70 light exposure depends a great deal 011 7l travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary(旅行路线)and the individual’s sleep 72 are used to pro duce a Trip Guide with 73 .on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.Whell the Trip Guide calls 74 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside，or the weather is bad， 75 you are on an aeroplane，you Carl use a special light device to provide the necessary light stimulus for a range of activities such as reading，watching TV or working.61.A.for B.from C.to D.of62.A.actions B.Functions C.reflection D.behavior63.A.regular B.formal C.continual D.circular64.A.diseases B.symptoms C.Sings D.defects65.A.While B.Where C.if D.although66.A.adaptable B.approachable C.available D.agreeable67.A.at B.through C.acailable D .agreeable68.A.most B.least C.Little D.more69.A.artain B.shed C.retrieve D.seek70.A.on B.with C.for D. in71.A.unique B.Specific C. Complicated D .peuliar72.A.Norm B .instructions C .pattern D.style73.A.directories B.insructions C.Specifications D. commentaries74.A.Off B.on C .for D.up75.A.or B .and C .but D .while试卷二Paper Two(60 minutes)Part I Translation(30 minutes，20 points，10 for each section) Section ADirection：Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week，let US recognize at the outset these points：we have at times in the past been enemies.We have differences today What brings US together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.As we discuss our differences，neither of US will compromise ourprinciples.But while we cannot lose the gulf between US，we can try to bridge it SO that we may be able to talk across itSection BDirection：Translate the following passage into English.Write your translation on the ANSWERSHEET.中国作为疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的国家，应该对人类有较大的贡献。

2011年同等学力英语真题答案一卷一、口语交际答案1-5. ADCBA6-10.ADCBD二、词汇11-15.ADADB16-20.BCDCA21-25.DCDCD26-30.BBAAC三、阅读理解31-36.ABDBCC37-42.CDDBCA43-48.CDABCD49-54.BBDBCA55-60.DCCABA四、完型填空61-65.BCACC66-70.BBDAA71-75.DBDAC二卷英译汉Over the years, we tend to think that nuclear technologies and the necessary know-how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be that you just can't be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don't know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan's nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.很多年以来，我们已经习惯认为核技术以及必要的如何保证核能安全问题已经发展达到一定的水平，任何大的核事故几乎不可能存在了；而如果核事故真正发生了，那就是你再怎么小心处理都不为过。

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But -__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of l aughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “a n unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in r evitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira tions. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expa nd user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a littl e bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want theirundergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kn owledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reform ing higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and crit icize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. (46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Alle n’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explai n it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。

Part I Dialogue Communication (10minutes,10points,1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this section,you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two Speakers,each followed by 4 choices marked A ,B,C,and D,Choose the answer that Best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.Then maik the corresponding letter With a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. （红色标识的为答案选项）1.A: John, you didn't show up at my birthday party last night.B: ______.A I'm sorry, Jane, but I already sent you a present.B I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like to be shown.C I'm sorry, Jane, but there was a serious accident on the way.D I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like shows.2.A: I can't read with only that little lamp on.B: ______.A You shouldn't have read here.B You should have turned that lamp on.C What you need is an extra lamp.D What this room needs is better lighting.3.A: Have you invited Susan to the party?B: ______A Yes, because I know she wants to stay at home.B Not yet, because I know she prefers to stay at home.C No, because I know she likes to join us.D Yes, because I've to think about it carefully.4.A: Could you spare a few hours to help me clean the house?B: ______.A No, the house is clean.B Nobody could help you.C No, you should rely on yourself.D I'm really busy with school these days. How does this Saturday sound?5.A: This vase is 200 years old. Be very careful in carrying it.B: ______.A Take it easy, professor.B Just a piece of cake, professor.C No problem.D You can depend on me, professor; I'll be as careful as I can.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and aWoman. At the end of each conversation there to the question from the 4 choices marked A,B,C,andD.Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choicesby marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6.Woman: Hello? I'd like two seats for this evening's show.Man: Sorry, but the performance is already sold out. Would you be interestedin something later this week?Question: What does the woman imply?A Tickets are available for future performances.B The performance has been canceled.C She wants to see the show tomorrow.D The performance has already started.7.Woman: Look, I don't want to bother you, but the stereo is really loud.Man: I didn't realize you could hear it.Question: What will the man probably do?A Turn up the stereo.B Start talking more quietly.C Listen to the stereo at a lower volume.D Change the channel.8.Woman: Did you see the article in today's paper on the new Italian restaurant?Man: Yes, and I've already made reservations for us this Thursday.Question: What does the man mean?A He's reserved to cook Italian food.B He's planning to go to the restaurant.C He wants to see the woman's restaurant.D He wants to publish an article this Thursday.9.Woman: Can you come over for dinner tonight?Man: I'm up to my ears in work, so I'll have to take a rain check.Question: What does the woman mean?A She wants to check the weather before deciding.B She has a problem with her hearing.C She'd enjoy coming to dinner another time.D She wants the man to help her with some work.10.Woman: Are you coming with us to the supermarket this afternoon?Man: I promised Lucy that I'd help her with her painting project, and I'm really looking forward to it.Question: What does the woman mean?A She doesn't need anything at the supermarket.B She won't be joining the man.C She and Lucy are learning how to paint.D She'd rather go to the supermarket than help Lucy.PartII Vocabulary (20 minutes,10 points,0.5 for each)Section ADirections:In this section there are 10 sentences,each with one word or phrase underlined.Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11.I would like your authorization to trim the part of the tree that hangs into my yard.A sanctionB encouragementC approvalD attention12.Meteorologists are at odds over the workings of tornadoes.A mystifiedB in disagreementC up in armsD in disarray13.Dating from around A. D. 1000,the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culturewas one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.A civilizationB formationC sectD edifice14.Formulated in 1823 ,the Monroe Doctrine asserted that, he Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A emphatically statedB belligerently arguedC accentuatedD entreated15.In ancient times the custom of shaking hands served to transfer power or authority.A practiceB folkloreC cultureD doctrine16.A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A forgedB currencyC substitutedD cash17.They believe that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nation's economic independence.A upholdB minimizeC weakenD postpone18.There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not.A incisiveB infertileC allergicD communicable19.They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.A sustainB yieldC endureD expose20.Phosphorus is used in paints for highway signs and marks because it is bright at night.A luminousB harmlessC adequateD attractiveSection BDirections:In this section there are 10 sentences.For each aentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your maching-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21.She should ______ those present at the meeting to arrive at a clear-cut decision.A count upB count againstC count onD count out22.He can't run a hundred yards, ______ a mile.A less thanB still lessC no lessD less even23.A severe flood struck the city and there was a ______ shortage of food.A frequentB consequentC consecutiveD consequential24.We were ______ for an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A kept offB held upC put backD broken down25.______ your work in case you've made any mistakes.A Take care ofB EnsureC Look out forD Check26.To celebrate the national day, there was a ______fireworks display.A specificB spectacularC speculativeD specialistic27.The law applies to everyone ______ of race, religion or color.A irrelevantB irrespectiveC irresponsibleD irrevocable28.After a prolonged siege, the town was rendered up to the ______.A agitatorsB instigatorsC insurgentsD delinquents29.The aurora is one of nature's most ______ spectacles.A troublesomeB tiresomeC awesomeD wearisome30.His father tried to ______ him to a sense of duty.A awaitB awardC awakeD wakePart III Reading Comprehension(45 minutes,30points,1for each)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by6 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneEthiopians appear to have evolved a unique way of coping with thin mountain air. But how they do it remains a mystery.One way for the body to get enough oxygen to its tissues when breathing oxygen-poor air is for it to make more red blood cells. This increases the amount of hemoglobin(血红蛋白), the protein that carries oxygen. Although less haemoglobin in the arteries is saturated with oxygen at high altitudes, having more of it makes up for the shortfall.People native to the high Andes are known to have more red blood cells than lowlanders, and athletes who train at altitude can increase their concentration of cells.But while many Tibetans also live at high altitudes, they do not have significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin. Instead they seem to boost the amount of nitric oxide, which dilates(使膨胀) blood vessels and increases blood flow.Now Cynthia Beall, an anthropologist from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, has found a third kind of adaptation. When she tested the blood of 236 people in the Ambaras region in the Semien Mountains of Ethiopia, she found that 95 percent of the haemoglobin in their arteries is saturated with oxygen, almost as much as that of people living at low altitudes and roughly 5 per cent above that of residents in the Andes or Tibet."That shouldn't be, "says Beall. They must have a massively efficient way to get oxygen from the lungs to the blood, she says. But just what remains mysterious. They do not have higher concentrations of haemoglobin than anyoneelse, nor do they have a different kind of haemoglobin.Beall adds that this ability might be found in all people living in that part of the world, and not just those in the study. It might be why so many world-class endurance athletes are Ethiopian. "The next study needs to look at that,"she says.31.From the passage we learn that haemoglobin is a kind of ______.A oxygenB blood cellC proteinD artery32.Why do athletes often go to high altitudes to train?A Because they want to increase the amount of haemoglobin in their bodies.B Because it may help reduce the amount of red blood cells in their bodies.C Because they intend to learn more from the mountain dwellers.D Because it can help them to adapt themselves to the high altitude.33.From the passage we can infer that the faster our blood flows, ______.A the stronger we becomeB the weaker we becomeC the less nitric oxide we haveD the lower levels of haemoglobin we have34.According to Cynthia Beall, the haemoglobin in the arteries of the Ethiopians ______.A is saturated with more oxygen than lowlandersB is saturated with as much oxygen as the TibetansC is more efficient than residents in the Andes and TibetD runs faster than people in any other region of the world35.Cynthia Beall is going to do more research on ______.A why Ethiopians have more haemoglobinB why so many world-class endurance athletes are EthiopiansC whether the Ethiopians have different kind of haemoglobinD whether the Ethiopians have higher concentration of haemoglobin36.The best title of this passage can be: ______.A Ethiopians and HemoglobinB Ethiopians and the World-class AthletesC An Anthropological Study on EthiopiansD A Myth. Hemoglobin and the World-class Athletes among the EthiopiansPassage TwoThere is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952,4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation. Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.37.Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experience?A Low concentrations.B Fall in lung function.C Irritability of the lungs.D Airway inflammation.38.Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with______.A asthmaB lung diseasesC good healthD weak health39.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?A The burning of coalB Long-term exposure to smogC Exposure to nitrogen dioxideD Attending school camps40.The relationship between exposure to ______has not yet been determined.A ozone and fall in lung functionB ozone and lung diseases such as asthmaC nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema41.The association between ______has not yet been found in Australia.A ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthmaB hazy days and more asthma attacks in childrenC the levels of particles in the air and death ratesD high levels of pollution and more symptoms42.In the last sentence of the third paragraph, the word "suspected" can be best replaced by______.A doubtfulB supposedC suspiciousD saidPassage ThreeIs nothing sacred? Even the idle weekend pastime of skimming stones on a lake has been taken apart and reduced to a mathematical formula.Everyone knows a stone bounces best on water if it's round and flat, and spun towards the water as fast as possible. Some enthusiasts even travel to international stone-skimming competitions, like world champion Jerdone Coleman-McGhee, who made a stone bounce 38 times on Blanco River, Texas, in 1992. Intuitively,a flat stone works best because a relatively large part of its surface strikes the water, so there's more bounce. Inspired by his eight-year-old son, physicist Lyderic Bocquet of Lyon University in France wanted to find out more. So he tinkered with some simple equations describing a stone bouncing on water in terms of its radius(半径) ,speed and spin, and taking account of gravity and the water's drag.The equations showed that the faster a spinning stone is travelling, the more times it will bounce. So no surprise there. To bounce at least once without sinking, Bocquet found the stone needs to be travelling at a minimum speed of about 1 kilometre per hour.And the equations also backed his hunch(直觉) that spin is important because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next. The spin has a gyroscopic(陀螺的) effect, preventing the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.To match the world record of 38 bounces using a 10-centimetre-wide stone, Bocquet predicts it would have to be travelling at about 40 kilometres per hour and spinning at 14 revolutions a second. He adds that drilling lots of small pits in the stone would probably help, by reducing water drag in the same way that dim pies on a golf ball reduce air drag. "Although I suppose that would be cheating," says Bocquet.He and his team at Lyon hope to design a motorized "catapult" that can throw stones onto a lake with a precise speed and spin, to test if the predictions stand up.Bocquet adds that he's probably just rediscovering a piece of history. British engineer Barnes Wallis must have done the same sort of maths and experiments when he was designing his famous bouncing bombs for the Dambusters squadron(中队) during the Second World War.43.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A International stone-skimming competitions.B How to make stone-skimming more enjoyable.C Stone-skimming is a sacred thing.D The mathematical formula for stone-skimming.44.In order to make a stone bounce best on water, one needs to ______.A find a big, round stoneB reduce the spin of the stoneC make the stone spin as fast as possibleD do some complicated mathematical equations45.According to Lyderic Bocquet, which of the following is NOT mentioned asa factor influencing the bounces of a stone on water?A The clearness of the water.B The gravity of the Earth.C The shape of the stone.D The speed and spin.46.Which of the following is not the reason why Lyderic Bocquet suppose that spin is important?A Because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next.B Because the spin can create a gyroscopic effect.C Because the gyroscope can prevent the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.D Because the spin can reduce the water drag.47.Lyderic Bocquet drilled lots of small pits in the stone in order to ______.A make it look smarterB reduce the water dragC increase the revolution of the stoneD make the game more like golf48.Lyderic and his team hope to design a motorized catapult because ______.A they want to make the experiment to be more sacredB British engineer Barnes Wallis did his experiment this wayC human beings cannot ensure the speed and spin neededD they wanted to rediscover a piece of historyPassage FourHave you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing(引人注意的)events slow down our perception of the world around us.Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while you're waiting, then suddenly switches back,you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialling tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly i second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds.In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects' right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long.Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events.Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.Yarrow's results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.49.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that ______.A the world around you had slowed downB something bad was going to happenC life had suddenly become meaninglessD people's life was so fragile50.According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, you might ______.A have a high concentration of mindB feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC feel time is somehow slowed downD be unable to hear the dialing tone51.Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to ______.A see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB find out the relationship between time and lifeC study how time changes at the 4th and 5th beepsD observe how people's perception of time changes52.What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?A The left ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C Research subjects are less accurate than researchers in judging a second.D Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.53.From the passage we can infer that when we are hot, we'll feel time ______.A runs fasterB stops all togetherC runs slowerD reverses its direction54.Which is the best title for the passage?A How People Find Out the Secret of the TimeB How People Percept the World around us at some momentC Which Ear is BetterD The Relationship between Temperature and PerceptionPassage FiveA nocturnal(夜间活动的)moth has become the first animal known to see colours in the dead of night. The moth uses this visual talent to find yellow, nectar-packed flowers in the dark, but the finding suggests that other, species also use colour vision at night.Nocturnal moths were thought to find flowers by looking for bright petalsagainst a darker, leafy background. This difference in brightness explains why a yellow flower stands out from green leaves on a black and white photo.To test this idea, researchers at Lund University in Sweden trained nocturnal elephant hawkmoths(豆天蛾)to pick out yellow or blue artificial flowers from eight other flowers of varying shades of grey. They then made moths perform the trick in conditions as dark as a starry but moonless night.The researchers expected the moths to do badly, but to their surprise the insects picked the correct flower 90 per cent of the time. But the moths could not distinguish between lighter and darker shades of a coloured flower, even though they could still tell both from grey. "This tells us it's not a brightness-related cue,” says Almut Kelber, the sensory biologist leading the Lund team. "They could only have used the spectral(光谱的)composition of the signals—which we call colour."The moths use three separate colour receptors: blue, green and ultraviolet. At night, that leaves so little light per receptor that the insects should be almost blind. But hawkmoths have a host of adaptations to compensate. One is a mirror-like structure at the base of the eye, which reflects the light across the photoreceptors for a second time. The structure of the compound eye also allows each facet to supplement the light that strikes it with light from as many as 600 others.Kelber suspects that many other insects, and some higher animals, also use colour vision at night. She plans to look for the ability in nocturnal frogs and toads that use colour to choose their mate. "Why not? she asks. "At night there are just as many colours as during the day."55.Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for this passage?A How animals see things at night.B Moth—the only creature to see things at night.C Moths use color to see flowers at night.D How many colors can moths see at night.56.Why does yellow flower stand out from green leaves on a black and white photo?A Because it is brighter.B Because it receives more focus.C Because it is more beautiful.D Because it has petals.57.Which of the following did the researchers find according to paragraph 4?A Moths could only pick out real flowers, not the artificial ones.B Moths picked out the correct flowers by their brightness.C Moths couldn't tell the difference between blue flowers and gray flowers.D Moths picked out the correct flowers by their color.58.Which of the following insect is different from others at night?A frogB toadC hawkmothD bee59.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A Moths are blind insects at daytime.B Moths use their color receptors only at night.C Moths have special structure at the base of the eye.D Moths can see color only at night.60.Kelber believes that nocturnal frogs and toads ______.A belong to higher animalsB use color to attract matesC are of many different colorsD are unable to see color at nightPart IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 points,1 for each)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Inflation is a period of rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get (61) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when "a dollar is not (62) a dollar anymore".Inflation is a problem for all consumers, especially people who live on a fixed income. Retired people, for instance, cannot (63) on an increase in income as prices rise. They face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (64) their needs in time of inflation. Many retired people must cut their spending to (65) rising prices. In many cases they must stop (66) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even (67) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can also be a problem. The (68) of living goes up, and they must have even more money to maintain their standard of living. When incomes do not keep (69) with rising prices, living standard goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living (70) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from (71) the rate of price change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (72) year as the base. The base price is set (73) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (74) of the base price. A price index makes (75) possible to compare current price with that in previous years.percentage cost given as wellcount buying at lessworth to keep up with pacewhich it meet61. less62. worth63. count64. meet65. keep up with66. buying67. to68. cost69. pace70. as well71. which72. given73. at74. percentage75. itPaper TwoPart Ⅰ TranslationSection ATranslate the following passage into Chinese．76.Cancer has emerged as a major killer in several newly industrialized countries and is striking more people in areas of developing world where it was hardly known before, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Although the risk of cancer will stabilize, if not decline, in industrialized countries by 2025, developing countries will suffer increasing rates of the disease, the WHO said in an extensive report on the world's state of health. Cancer caused 12 percent of the 52 million deaths worldwide in 1997 and was the third leading killer after infectious and parasitic diseases and coronary and heart disease.据世界卫生组织报道，癌症已成为新兴工业化国家居民的主要杀手。

2011年同等学力英语考试历年真题及参考答案Part One （90 minutes）Part 1 Dialogue communication （10 minutes，10 points, 1 for each）Section A Dialogue completion1。

A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5，000!B: _____。

Sounds pretty cheap to me！A: Well，that's what he said.A.Are you sure?e to think of it.C.Do you think so？D.Is he crazy?2。

A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years. B: ____. I'm glad to hear it。

A.Oh，my goodness！B.How was it？C.Oh, there you go again.D.Good for you。

3. A: I just can’t stand this class anymore?B：____。

It’s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate。

A.Well, why not just drop out of it?B.Why, you can say that again！C.Well，you might as well get used to it。

D.Why，I couldn't agree more！4。

A: I don’t know about you，but I thought that film was terrific。

B: ____. The action was great, and so was the music.A.Just the same.B.I’m with you there.C.More or less。

2011年同等学力英语真题解析-学苑教育我想大家刚刚参加完这个考试，可能还沉浸在刚才的紧张气氛中，我想在考试之后，咱们做一个总结，看一看咱们这个考试中有什么得与失，首先看一下咱们的第一部分题型，我想很多同学比较关注选择题的答案，那我把答案给大家公布一下。

咱们首先看第一部分Dialogue Communication，对话交流部分，首先sectionA，咱们看这个对话，因为我们做的很仓促，咱们大家一起回顾一下，第一道题，这道题，大家都是A 和C之间选择，A是Are you sure？C是Do you think so？选项A和C之间的区别，主要是在于选项A是指一个事实，是对事实的确定，它指的是一个fact，我这样来写，这个对应的是fact，我这样来写，大家可能能认同，这个对应是事实，选项C，Do you think so？这个对应的是什么？对应的是表示一个人的观点，如果一个人表达对一个人看法，opinion，表示探讨和询问，应该是Do you think so，它对应的第一个人的话，应该是opinion，咱们回来看一下考题，第一个人说，说的是事实还是观点？应该是事实，是5000英镑，所以答案应该是A，难度不大，这个在我们习题课上也是讲过的。

第二题表示对一个人的祝贺和恭喜，应该选择D，Good for you，有好处。

这个我们先把答案说一下。

第三题表示建议，我想很多同学会看到，表示建议的句子，一个是选项A，why not，一个是选项C，you might as well看到了吧，我们要注意表示建议的句子两个都有，A和C，B的选项应该是A和C，这个和标准化试题，我们之前的预测应该是差不多的，我之前在习题课上都讲过，就是对立选项中，相隔的A和C的选项中来求解，我们要选择一个积极性的建议，A和C是哪个积极的？是A还是C？是C吧，所以第三题答案是C。

第四题，依然是对一个人的看法，发表个人的意见，答案是B，I'm with you there，表示我同意。

2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points，1 for each)(略）PartⅡVocabulary (20 minutes，10 points，0. 5 for each)Section ADirections；In this section there are 10 sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of theevents.A. neglectedB. foresawC. exploredD. assessed12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected childabuse to authorities.A. remindedB. expectedC. compelledD. requested13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.A. creativityB. popularityC. feasibilityD. flexibility14. We suspect there is a quite deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine theelectoral commission.A. consciousB. desperateC. clumsyD. intentional15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have beena party to them.A. justB. hardlyC. almostD. definitely16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus formingdirty fog.A. constrainedB. caughtC. concealedD. concentrated17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.A. poisonousB. difficultC. dangerousD. harmful18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with salesreaching in the neighborhood of $ 9 billion.A. preciselyB. merelyC. substantiallyD. approximately19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successfulorgan transplantation.A. factorB. constituentC. barrierD. break20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you canalways lean on him.A. count onB. benefit fromC. stand forD. sticks toSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. It______ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.A. takesB. appearsC. makesD. goes22. The world economic recession put an______ end to the steel market upturn that began in2002.A. irregularB. illegalC. abruptD. absurd23. I'm______ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.A. mysteriousB. furiousC. seriousD. curious24. The Labor Party's electoral strategy, based on an______ with other smaller parties, hasproved successful.A. acquaintanceB. integrationC. allianceD. intimacy25. The new aircraft will be______ to a test of temperatures of —65°C and 120°C.A. suspendedB. suppressedC. summonedD. subjected26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful______ to my ordinary income.A. profitB. supplementC. subsidyD. replacement27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ______ oftooth decay.A. treatmentB. incidenceC. consequenceD. misfortune28. Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain______ of fish from becomingextinct.A. speciesB. sourcesC. numbersD. members29. Susan never took any cookery courses；she learned cooking by______ useful tips from TVcookery programs.A. picking upB. bringing upC. putting upD. pulling up30. The President______ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.A. promotedB. substitutedC. authorizedD. displaced.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneUntil last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus ”一a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must，some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win-but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.31. The “walking school bus”______.A. does not consume fuelB. aims to keep children fitC. seldom causes traffic jamsD. is popular with school kids32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with______.A. individual schoolsB. school districtsC. teachersD. parents33. As regards walking to school, modem parents seem much concerned with the______.A. time spent on the wayB. changes in the routeC. kids，physical strengthD. safety of their children34. To save money, some schools choose to ______.A. take the shortest routesB. shorten the school weekC. give drivers better trainingD. use fuel-efficient buses35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to ______.A. fiercer competition among bus companiesB. more students taking public transportationC. an increase in carbon dioxide emissionsD. a decrease in the safety of school buses36. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards busing cutbacks?A. FavorableB. CriticalC. ObjectiveD. Indifferent.Passage TwoPeople are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73，a baby girl, about 79.. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿）of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was，for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then—the gap is growing.A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers，involved in fewer accidents).Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的）species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception: there are more male miscarriages (流产）.In humans, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.C. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.D. The age gap was noticed only recently.38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2，the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are______.A. diseases and road accidentsB. industrialization and work strainsC. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcoholD. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements is true?A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.C. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.D. Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A. Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.B. Though more liable to illnesses，women still live longer.C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.41. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “______”A. marginB. sideC. advantageD. quality42. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.B. That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.C. People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D. Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.Passage ThreeMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology，energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes，buildings and industrial plants.Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器）networks by making them difficult and expensive to install arid maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment. To facilitatethe widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, Green Peak has developed an ultra-low-powered communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer and cleaner environment.43. By “human intervention”(Paragraph 2)，the author refers to______.A. the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB. the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC. acts like turning off lights when no one is in the roomD. the adoption of smart sensing and network technology44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they______.A. have to be replaced from time to timeB. contain metals that pollute the environmentC. require automatic recharging 'D. are difficult and costly to maintain45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that______.A. there is energy in the environment to be utilizedB. the cost of using them has been drastically reducedC. modern data communication consumes little energyD. their maintenance has been greatly simplified46. According to the passage, Green Peak______.A. is the first company to install wireless sensor networksB. promotes the application of wireless sensor networksC. supplies batteries operating on harvested energyD. benefits handsomely from communication technology47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the______.A. replacement of batteries in harvestersB. monitoring of energy harvested from the environmentC. elimination of batteries in sensor networksD. impact of sensor networks on power supply48. Wireless sensor networks promise to______.A. bring businesses high profitsB. further develop the sensing technologyC. turn motion into a major source of energyD. improve the daily lives of people worldwidePassage FourIf you haven't heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’veprobably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem，the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only- increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space；and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事）and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors，when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers，or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage，the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that ______.A. people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsB. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months.C. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD. the media coine d the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year______.A. drunk driving remained the No. 1 killer on the highwaysB. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingC. two-thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD. 41，907 people fell victim to aggressive driving51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A. Increasing number of cars.B. Drivers’ stress and anxiety.C. Overcrowded roads.D. Rush hour traffic.52. The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means “_______"A. speakB. causeC. describeD. spare53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A. Talking while driving.B. Driving fast.C. Yelling at another driver.D. Sounding the horn when passing.54. The last paragraph is intended to______.A. tell people how to cope with Road Rage.B. inform people how aggressive drivers could beC. tell people how to control themselves when angryD. warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FiveIn the early 20th century, a horse named Clever -Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance，psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents，and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating，it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.When handlers could see a red piece of paper，allegedly marking a location of interest，they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed by a drug-or explosive-detecting dog at an airport，false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers，but might distract the team from catching the guilty.55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?A. He was as clever as people claimed.B. He was really good at counting.C. He could understand human language.D. He merely responded to human signals.56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues______.A. questioned the “Clever Hans” effectB. discovered the “Clever Hans” effectC. confirmed the “Clever Hans” effectD. rejected the “Clever Hans” effect57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that______.A. each search area contained three target scentsB. there was actually no target scent in the search areaC. some target scents may be labeled with a special markD. their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr. Lit?A. The location of the false alerts.B. The regularity of the false alerts.C. The number of the false alerts.D. The timing of the false alerts.59. It can be concluded from the experiment that______.A. dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogsB. dogs may act in response to their handlers，bodily signalsC. the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to successD. well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals.60. The author thinks that Dr. Lit’s findings______.A. should raise our concern in real lifeB. may not be useful in real situationsC. should be backed up by further evidenceD. will be widely applied in the near futurePart ⅣCloze (15 minutes，15 points, 1 for each)Directions:In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, 61 those species that are endangered. 62 ，many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational 63 that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. 64 the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities，the struggle to obtain 65 operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.Many 66 zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新）during the last decades of the twentieth century. Among the recent trends in zoo 67 is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地）.The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors 68 appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals. Such renovations may 69 stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs. A captive propagation program includes the breeding of 70 zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to 71 or for transfer to other zoos. Captive breeding is one method of 72 some species from extinction.Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits. Public activities include in-school programs,zoo tours, special events, and websites. The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range.The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing. Through their efforts 75 conservation, education,, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.61. A. superficially B. e specially C. i mportantly D. s upposedly62. A. By that time B. B y the time C. A t one time D. A t that time63. A. institutions B. a ssociations C. f oundations D. c orporations64. A. Along B. T oward C. A mong D. T hrough65. A. limited B. p rofessional C. s ufficient D. e xcessive66. A. newer B. o lder C. f ormer D. l ater67. A. management B. i mprovement C. a chievement D. a ssessment68. A. under B. f or C. i nto D. w ith69. A. reduce B. c ause C. i ncrease D. a void70. A. selected B. s ustained C. p romising D. s urviving71. A. natural B. t he natural C. w ild D. t he wild72. A. restraining B. s aving C. s heltering D. e xempting73. A. attributed to B. o pposed to C. r eferred to D. r elated to74. A. as B. as if C. so D. so that75. A. in search of B. in honor of C. in support of D. in charge ofPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)PartⅠTranslation (30 minutes, 20 points，10 for each section)Section ADirections: T ranslate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Over the years, we tend to think that nuclear technologies and the necessary know-how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be controlled in the capable hands精品文档of nuclear engineers. However, reality has proved again that you just can’t be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don’t know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan's nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.Section B(略）PartⅡWriting (30 minutes，15 points)Directions:In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “How to Handle Stress”. The clues given below are for your reference only，NOT the outline you should follow. Please remember to -write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.1. Common sources of stress.2. Healthy ways to reduce stress.3. How you have overcome stressful situations.精品文档。

2011英语考研真题2011年英语考研真题IntroductionThe 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination consisted of a variety of questions that tested the candidates' language skills, as well as their ability to comprehend and analyze texts. This article aims to provide an overview and analysis of the different sections of the exam, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination contained a series of passages that evaluated the candidates' ability to understand and interpret written English. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including literature, science, history, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, which required the candidates to identify main ideas, infer meaning, and analyze the author's tone.Section 2: VocabularyThe vocabulary section of the exam tested the candidates' knowledge of English words and phrases. It required them to choose the appropriate word or phrase to complete a sentence or fill in the blank. The questions were designed to assess the candidates' understanding of word definitions, collocations, and contextual usage.Section 3: GrammarThe grammar section aimed to assess the candidates' understanding of English grammar rules and their ability to apply them in sentence construction. The questions included identifying errors in sentences, choosing the correct verb tense, using appropriate prepositions, and selecting the right pronoun form.Analysis and Tips for SuccessTo successfully navigate the 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination, candidates should adopt effective strategies and study methods. Here are some tips to aid in preparation:1. Reading Comprehension: Develop strong reading skills by regularly reading English materials, such as newspapers, magazines, and online articles. Practice summarizing the main points of a passage and identifying the author's tone and purpose.2. Vocabulary: Build vocabulary by learning new words and their definitions. Pay attention to word formations, collocations, and idiomatic expressions. Utilize flashcards, word lists, and context-based learning techniques.3. Grammar: Master the fundamental grammar rules, including verb tenses, sentence structures, and parts of speech. Review common grammatical errors and practice sentence correction exercises. Seek guidance from grammar textbooks and online resources.4. Time Management: Develop effective time management skills during the exam. Allocate sufficient time based on the number of questions andtheir difficulty level. Prioritize easier questions to maximize accuracy and overall score.5. Practice Mock Exams: Familiarize yourself with the exam format by taking practice exams. Evaluate your performance and identify areas for improvement. Focus on strengthening weaker areas and addressing specific challenges.ConclusionThe 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination tested candidates' language proficiency, reading comprehension skills, vocabulary knowledge, and grammatical accuracy. By adopting effective study strategies, practicing regularly, and developing strong analytical and critical thinking skills, candidates can increase their chances of success in the examination. With ample preparation and determination, students can overcome challenges and achieve their desired results.。