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概要写作1（一）考纲解读1、原文材料300词左右，概要写作60词。
2、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。
3、概要，基本上就是段落大意。
每段一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括就行。
4、要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
（二）写作步骤与技巧写作步骤1、细读原文，明确文章的主题。
2、根据文章内容划分各段，有些可能是一个段落一个要点，有些是两个段落一个要点。
一般每篇都是3-5个要点。
3、找出每段的主题句。
4、归纳每个要点的大意，注意要用自己的话转述。
写作技巧1、找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
2、各要点的表达要相对独立。
3、多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
4、句型力求简单，每句话要表意明确，慎用长难句。
可用同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换，或句子重构: 调整词类、时态、语态等，尽量少用关系代词which, who等引导的定语从句，而用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。
5、要点之间要有适当的衔接，而且使用较短的连接词。
例如：but, however, yet, then, thus, though, besides, moreover等;少使用或不使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。
通常，使用分号也能达到使用连接词的效果。
（三）模板及句型1、表示文章的内容以及研究目的1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...2)The article focuses on/discusses/is about ...2、表示研究、报道的结论1)The result showed that...2)The author found that...3)It was concluded that...4)It was reported that...3、表示推荐、观点或建议1)The author suggests/considers that...2)Suggestions are made for...4、也可以不用模板，直接就概括文章内容。
非谓语动词（一）不定式思维导图（二）动名词思维导图（三）分词思维导图（四）非谓语动词成分（五）写作词组积累考纲词汇短语默写07课堂练习（一）填空1. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ (lie) dead.2. The furniture ______(deliver) on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident .3. Most of the people_______(invite) to the party were famous scientists.4. —Good morning. Can I help you?—I’d like to have this package________(weigh), madam.5. ________(give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped________(rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands______(tie) behind his back.8. The secretary worked late into the night, _______(prepare) a long speech for the president.9. I can hardly imagine Peter_______(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.10. The Olympic Games, first________(play) in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.11. __________(not finish) his homework, he was forbidden to watch the game.12. The _________(increase) world population is the result of recent advances in medical science.13. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ (pay) by the hour.14. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ (make) it the most popular sport in the world.15. Robert is said_________(study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.16. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______(read) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”17. It is impossible to avoid ______(influence) by advertisements in a modern society.18. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______(hide) side of a person’s personality.19. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?—key to______ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand _______(make) by the customers.20. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ (see) whether they will enjoy it.21. The research is so designed that once______ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.22. Time should be made good use of __________（learn）our lessons well.23. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______(stop) to watch some children flying kites.24. Generally speaking, when________(take) according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.25. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______(issue) clearwarnings before firing any shots.26. There is a new problem _______(involve) in the popularity of private cars that road conditionsneed ______(improve).27. The manager, ______ (know) his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give hisworkers further training.28. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ (see) whether he was goingin the right direction.29. Don’t be discouraged. ______ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of yourlife.30. Unless______ (invite)to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.1. lying2. delivered3. invited4. weighed5. given6. to rest7. tied8.preparing9. sailing 10. played 11. Not finishing 12. increasing 13. paid 14. making 15. to have studied16. reading 17. being influenced 18. hidden 19. solving made 20. to be seen 21. begun22. to learn 23. stopping 24. taken 25. to issue 26. involved improving 27 knowing28. to see 29. Take 30. invited（二）翻译1、老人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。
倒装& 强调句一、高考聚焦1.手机在人们的日常生活中起着如此重要的作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行。
（So...）So important a role does a phone play in people’s daily life, no one dares to travel without it.2.垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来。
（Not only)Not only does classifying/sorting rubbish help protect the environment, but also it helps recycle waste materials, so everyone should take action.3.他高中一毕业就迫不及待的出国旅游去了。
（Hardly）Hardly had he graduated from the high school when he hurried to travel abroad.4.只有充分利用你遇到的每个机会，你才能实现自己的梦想。
（only）Only by making full use of every chance that you come across can you realize your dream.5.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
(So...)So badly was he wounded that he should be sent to the hospital immediately.6.志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。
(Not only…)Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers.Or: Not only can volunteer activities make teenagers learn how to help the disabled, but they can raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers as well.7.杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。
高考一轮复习-语篇理解语篇理解阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案。
语篇1Ever had a time in your life where cash hasn’t been as plentiful as you’d like and you’ve needed to tighten the budget? We all have.According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it’s also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn’t as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how：COOK FROM THE BEGINNINGIn general, the more preparation or processing steps a food has undergone, the higher the price. So it’s best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changes can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself. The per-kilogram price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.STEWING MEATSupply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn’t fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately，lamb chops aren’t as inexpensive as they once were — but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tips and feet, or other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles(砂锅菜）or stews.BUY IN BULKA good rule，based on experience，is that “bigger is cheaper”，but larger pack sizes aren’t always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure youreally are saving — if you can，check the “ unit pricing”，which compares prices by volume and weight. And make sure you9ll not end up throwing half of it out rather than using it by the expiry (到期) date.TAKE A LISTPlanning ahead is a great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse (冲动的）purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It’s also a good idea not to shop while you’re hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items. IGNORE THE LISTGive yourself the flexibility to make the most of supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe (菜谱）plans depending on what’s on sale or the best value for money on the day.1.It can be learned from the passage that_______________.A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatlyB.checking the expiry date is important when buying foodsC.the way we prepare our food affects our expensesD.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy2.‘‘Buy in bulk” most probably means “_______________’.A.Buy goods in large quantitiesB. Buy unpackaged goods onlyC. Buy what’s on saleD. Buy goods in smaller pack sizes3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.D.We should ignore the supermarket specials and discounts to avoid being tricked.语篇2Below is a selection from a popular science book.Which works harder，your heart or your brain?That depends on whether you’ve busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals(哺乳动物) have this brain area-----from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.Why do teeth fall out , and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk” ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged , decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switch off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do , it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊椎) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all ) men and women do lose height as they got old. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards----their legs , arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shorter a litter. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.If blood is red , why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually , veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear , yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein nearthe surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light then the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Why does spinning make you dizzy?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!1. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spines is in active use.B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards.D. Because their spine becomes more bent.2.Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C.The brain of any other mammal is as complex as the human brain.D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.3.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A.Blue.B. Light yellow.C. Red.D. Dark reddish purple.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about the human body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.语篇3Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration：everyfloor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israe’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.1.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth IsraelHospital?A.The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B.Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C.The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D.The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.2.It can be inferred from the passage that___________________.pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB.in most hospitals nurses get lower salaries than nurses at Beth Israel HospitalC.patients at Beth Israel are taken better care of from the professional point of viewpared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital3. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ___________________.A.the present one is refused by the patientB.the patient complains about the present oneC.the present one proves to be ineffectiveD.the patient is found unwilling to cooperate4.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former___________________..A.is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB.has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC.can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD.has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses语篇4About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment ( PISA) is a triennial (每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000，every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects：reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools (PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.1.PISA is different from other programmes because ___________________..A.its test is closely related to the school curriculumB.its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problemsC.its test can equip students for full participation in schoolD.test scores directly determine the analysis of the test2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Test-takers are carefully selected.B.Test-takers answer the same questions.C.Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D.Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B.More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C.School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D.PISA provides evaluation of the education system within a certain country.语篇5After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages (小屋）. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn5t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it V olunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2005, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could ——there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.1.What is the passage mainly about?A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B.The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others.C.The inspiration of a father’s words.D.The life and work of a retired physician.2.The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to___________________..A.help retired medical workers improve their incomesB.provide free medical services to those who need themC.urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD.make the dream of the author’s father come true3.Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A.Buying the medical equipment.B.Finding the land and the office.C.Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic.D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.4.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” impliesthat___________________..A.my father’s words finally spread to McNeilB.McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC.my father’s words had a great influence over McNeilD.McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors语篇6In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million. Most people living in rural areas never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 millionpeople lived in cities, and the world9s ten largest cities all had populations exceeding （超过）one million. By 2000, the numberof city dwellers (居住者)exceeded three billion; and in 2008，the world’s population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively ——crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization ( 城市化) is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth’s growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City ^ is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people ” reduces the cost of transporting goods and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, sewers (污水管)，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it’s a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it’s a natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the growth.1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The history of modem cities.B. Changes taking place within cities.C. How cities have grown over time.D. Why modem cities are changing.2.How have experts’ attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades?A.They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B.They no longer see city-living as attractive.C.They accept city life in spite of its problems.D.They think city-living provides more benefits.3.Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with?A.Cities provide more economic opportunities.B.City people get along better with each other.C.Over-crowded cities result in energy problems.D.Cities will most likely limit the flow of ideas,4.According to Paragraph 4, what would be the result of moving people out of cities?A.Economic production would be reduced.B. There would be less farmland available.C. People would travel less frequently.D. House values would fall greatly.语篇7Below is a page adapted from The Study Skills Handbook.The starting place for most research is the library. Join your school library as soon as possible and make the most of it.Library servicesFind out about the range of services available. Typically, there will be:◇academic journals◇specialist collections◇photocopiers◇laminators◇binding facilities◇computers◇CDs, DVDs, films, tapes, slides, and video resources◇silent areas and study rooms◇specialist resources for students with disabilities◇facilities for making audiovisual aids for your presentations◇support on how to use library facilities.Finding books in the library◇Fiction is arranged in alphabetical order (a-z) by author’s surnames.◇Reference books are arranged by subject. Each subject is given a number, which is shown on the spine of the book.◇All the books on a given subject are grouped together on the shelves.◇You can find a book’s reference number by looking it up in the library catalogue (目录).◇Most catalogues are now electronic. For more about electronic searches, see pages 148-52.It helps to find books if you already know:◇the author’s surname and initials◇the title of the book.Journals or periodicalsJournals or periodicals usually contain the latest research for your subject, as well as book reviews. Most journal articles have a short “abstract” at the beginning which tells you what the articles are about. Browsing through the abstracts and reviews helps to keep you up to date with the subject. You will be expected to refer to articles in most assignments.Journals are published at regular intervals during the year. They are collected into numbered volumes, usually one for each year. To find a journal article you need to know:◇the title of the journal, the year it was published and its volume number◇the name and initials of the article’s author◇the title of the article.Indexes and abstractsIndexes (索引) and abstracts are separate publications which give brief details of journal articles, including who wrote what and where to find it. Sometimes reading abstracts will be enough for your assignment; at other times you will need to read the original article too.In the indexes, you can search by subject heading and by keywords for all the articles on a given subject. They are updated regularly and are well worth sing.Electronic informationAn increasing amount of information is being published electronically. This includes anything from mail-order catalogues to academic journals. A lot of electronic information is located at publicly available sites on the World Wide Web (www), which is accessed via the internet. Your school may have its own intranet, with websites used only within the institution — you may be asked to write your own “page” on it.To locate information on the internet, you type in the address at which it is stored. This will consist of short abbreviations. Spaces, dots, dashes, oblique strokes and letters must be typed in very precisely. This, for example, is the address of the website of Friends of the Earth: Having logged on to the internet, you would simply type this in on the computer screen in the space provided. (You can usually omit “http://”.)On your reading list you may be given the names of useful web pages. Type in the address of one and browse the information that comes up on the screen. You can print it out and read or highlight it as printed text.For more about searching online, see Chapter 7.1.If you want to find a reference book in the school library，you’d better search by____________.A.the index of the reference bookB.the number for the subject of studyC.the name of the publishing houseD.the research field of the author2.Which is the quickest way to know the content of an article in a journal?A.Reading the abstract of the article.B.Scanning the first few pages of the journal.C.Learning about the author of the article.D.Looking through the contents of the journal.3.According to the passage, the difference between internet and intranet lies in____________.A.their business valuesB.the way of organizing informationC.their target usersD.the quality of the information provided语篇8Oceanography has been defined as “the application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “ what is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile （轮廓）of the route to estimate the length of the cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the U. S. Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned，in 1853，for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(水深测量) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied (对抗) contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872, Thomson led a scientific expedition（探险队）, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in1895.1.The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly ____________.A.for oceanographic studiesB. for military purposesC. for business considerationsD. for investigating the depths of the oceans2.It was____________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A.the American NavyB.some early intercontinental travelersC.those who earned a living from the seaD.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was____________.A.to make some sound experiments in the oceansB.to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC.to measure the depths of two oceansD.to estimate the length of the cable that was to be made语篇9While I will explain a bit about the science of stress and relaxation a little later in the chapter, a simple way to think about it is that our body’s stress response works like a car alarm. Keep us safe by warning us of the presence of danger in our immediate environment.But instead of warning us with a loud and annoying sound, our body alarm system lets us know that something is wrong by creating changes in our neurochemistry (神经化学).If you’ve ever experienced pain in your stomach, periods of extreme anger, inability to focus or even insomnia(失眠), chances are your body was paying the price in those moments for the brain chemistry of stress.So if it’s so uncomfortable，why not just get rid of stress altogether?This is not only impractical, but it would be dangerous. Let’s go back to the metaphor (比喻）of the car alarm. If the alarm is turned off altogether, the car is。
M3 Unit1一、词形变换1.confuse (n./adj.)confusion,confused,confusing2.fog (adj.) foggy3.observe (n. /n/adj.) observer,observation,observant4.hesitate (n./adj.) hesitation, hesitant5.anxious (adv./n.)anxiously, anxiety6.relief (v./adj.) relieve, relieved7.volunteer (adj.) voluntary8.sniff (adj./v.) sniffy 不屑一顾的 , 自视过高的 ; sniffle 吸鼻涕；抽噎；以(鼻子 )屡次吸气9.analyze(n./ pl./adj.) analysis,analyses,analytic(al) 10.recognize(n./adj.) recognition, recognizable 11.ignore(n. /adj.) ignorance,ignorant12.sweat (adj./ n. ) sweaty, sweater13.distance(adj.) distant14.attach (n./adj.) attachmet, attached 15.disability (v./adj. ) disable, disabled16.bite ( 过去式 /过去分词 /adj.)bit,bitten;biting17.jewellery/ jewelry n. (adj.) jewelled18.attract (n./adj. ) attraction, attractive19.panic ( 过去式 /过去分词 / 此刻分词 / adj. )panicked,panicked,panicking,panicky20.employ (vt. /n./ adj./ 反义词 )employment,employer,employee,unemploy(dismiss/fire/lay off/pay off)二、要点知识概括记忆清单1.听力，听觉the sense of hearing2.令人诱惑的说明confusing instructions对感觉诱惑的be confused about/over3.天气预告 a weather forecast4.审视 glance at＝ take a glance at乍一看 at a glance愤慨地看 glare at盯着看 stare at仰头凝望 stare up at5.哪儿也看不到nowhere to be seen哪儿也找不到nowhere to be foundnowhere near＝ not nearly ＝ far from 远没有，远不及6. 看获得，在视力范围以内in sight看不到out of sight看获得catch sight of看不见lose sight of7. 期望，期盼wish for8.在黑暗处 in the darkness9.对举棋不定hesitate about/over/at (doing) sth.不要狐疑做。
选词填空（一）考情分析1.近5年高考选词文章分析✧10年后选词填空题文体以说明文为主✧题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
2.近5年高考选词词汇分析2014年2015年2016年2017年秋考2018年春考2018年秋考✧主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；✧动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
✧名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。
✧副词考察较少，难度不大。
它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。
✧每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。
要注意积累派生词。
3.近5年高考选词高频词汇分布✧考纲词汇积累与运用是选词填空的考察重点，也是学生英语学习的大难点。
从上面几个表格中不难看出首字母a-,c-.p-, re-, i-, s-高频词汇考察多，且多为长难词。
P-开头以pl-,pro-,pre-为重难点，也是学生容易混淆的词汇点。
（二）解题步骤第一步，判断方框内单词词性。
有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。
doing和done可以不标。
第二步，略读抓中心。
略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。
第三步，填词入空。
分为三小步：1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。
（三）空格词性判断1）句子缺主语46 Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers.2）句子缺动词宾语或介词宾语The officials realized that the students had already established digital__41. identities _ _ by the time they entered college…Their debates took place before 44 audience in cornfields and courthouse squares.3）注意名词也可作定语However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 labels at the supermarket.注意此时动词形式为原形，三单，过去式，进行时或被动语态的过去分词。
高三上学期期中巩固练习（三）Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mystery of the White Gardenia（Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia栀子花was delivered to my house.No card or note came with it. ）…I don’t remember ever slamming my door ( 21 )________ anger at her and shouting,” you just don’t understand!”, ( 22 )____________ she did understand.One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and ( 23 )_________( overwhelm ) anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom正式舞会. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, ( 24 )_______not hear of my skipping any of those things.The day before my father died, my mother and I ( 25 ) ____________ ( go ) shopping for a prom dress. We’d found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of dotted Swiss in red, white and blue, ( 26 ) _______ made me feel like Scarlett O’ Hara, ( 27 )________it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress---in the right size---draped majestically over the living-ro om sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me---beautifully, artistically, lovely. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.She wanted her children to feel （28 ）_______ ( love ) and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense （29 ）_______ there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see （30 ）________ much like the gardenia---lovely, strong and perfect---with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.My mother died ten days after I married. I was 22 years old. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ____31____. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it ____32____to both emotions and senses.Sound is ____33____ the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each _____34____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can oft en hear this ____35____ pattern, or “beat,” in the sounds. This is called meter.Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public _____36____ and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____37____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid around 200r 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante, and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____38___ of choice for many poets at that time.Poetry _____39____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of ____40____ expression in modern times.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When a human infant is born into any other community in any part of the world it has two things incommon with any infant, ____41____neither of them has been ____42____in any way either before or during birth.Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely ____43____. Apart from a powerful capacity to draw attention on their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new born child can do to ____44____ his own survival. Without ____45____ from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the ____46____ of many new born animals to get to their ____47____ within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in danger, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to ____48____ for themselves. It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally ____49____ on the others that it reveals second ____50____ which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn ____51____.For this reason, biologists now suggest that language is “species specific特有的；特定的” to the human race, that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetically ____52____ in such a way that it can ____53____ language. This suggestion implies that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just as they are designed to ____54____ upright rather than to move on all fours so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal ____55____ as well-formed human beings.41. A. provided B. assume C. promised D. predicted42. A. unprotected B. hurt C. damaged D. unhealthy43. A. ignorant B. unknown C. inexperienced D. helpless44. A. ensure B. assure C. emphasize D. solidify45. A. love B. affection C. care D. attention46. A. possibility B. capacity C. try D. attempt47. A. arms B. body C. feet D. limbs48. A. feed B. defend C. protect D. prevent49. A. dependent B. based C. focused D. operated50. A. ability B. feature C. aspect D. specialty51. A. walking B. feeding C. language D. racing52. A. programmed B. set C. arranged D. born53. A. get B. learn C. speak D. acquire54. A. sit B. walk C. stand D. move55. A. abilities B. development C. performance D. behaviorSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMen of HonorA knight was a mounted warrior of medieval Europe who served a king or other feudal superior, usually in return for land. Knighthood was taken quite seriously and had to be earned.At about the age of eight, a boy would begin training in preparation for knighthood. This young trainee, known as a page(男侍者), would train with mentors to learn about horses, armor, and weapons. Pages practiced fighting with a sword against a wooden stake and learned to skillfully use a bow and arrow. The lady of the castle taught a young page about manners and social graces, as well as how to sing, play instruments, and dance. A priest might give a page religious training and teach him to read and write.By the age of fourteen, the page would become a squire（护卫）. A squire was responsible for dressing a knight for battles and tournaments and taking care of the knight's armor and weapons. He would even follow his master on the battlefield to protect him if the knight fell.A squire had to gain skill in using a lance, spear, or sword, so he would practice against a wooden dummy called a quintain（枪靶）. The quintain and a shield were hung on a wooden pole, and when hit, the whole structure would spin. The squire would learn to ride up and hit the shield's center, but then quickly move out of the way without getting hit and knocked off his horse by the quintain.At about age twenty, a squire was finally prepared to be called a knight, which involved an extended ceremony. On the evening before becoming a knight, the squire confessed his sins to a priest, was given a symbolic bath, and then fasted in order to cleanse his soul. The squire would dress all in white and stay in a chapel all night praying and watching over his weapons and armor.In the morning, the squire would dress in symbolically-colored clothing: red for his blood, white for purity, and brown for his return to the earth after death. At his induction ([in'dʌkʃən] 入会仪式), the knight swore a code of chivalry, which required him always to be brave, loyal, courteous, and to protect the defenseless. Knighthood was granted by the overlord with an accolade, during which the new knight was tapped on the shoulders or neck with the flat side of the sword.If this new knight ever broke his vows or acted dishonorably, he would be stripped of his knighthood in another ceremony, in which he was "buried." In the Middle Ages, a knight without honor was considered as good as dead.56.What were the responsibilities of a squire?A.Practicing fighting with a sword and using a bow and arrow skillfully.B.Looking after his own weapons and learning manners from the Lady of the castle.C.Confessing his sin and praying for his mentors.D.Dressing a knight for battles or competitions and protecting him.57.What does the underlined word “ chivalry” mean ?A.the noble spirits a knight possessesB.the tough task a knight has to finishC.the high goal a knight must achieveD.the military discipline a knight should obey58.If a knight were to betray the king, what do you think might happen?A. He would be sentenced to death.B. He would be robbed of his title.C. He would be forced to leave Court.D. His land would be returned to the King.59.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?A. A knight had to be highly born.B. A knight had gone through different stages of training to become a KNIGHT.C. A knight was militarily skillful but not necessarily literate.D. Knighthood started in the Medieval Ages and existed only in England.BReading Your MindModern technology allows scientists to look inside a living human brain to see what is happening. These procedures are safe and painless. By understanding the normal brain activity, doctors and scientists are better able to assess the brain’s behavior duri ng times of injury, disease, and mental illness.CT or CAT scans: Computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography(CAT) shows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue. CT or CAT scans show a cross-section of the brain. These scans can be used to find brain tumors.MRI scans: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnet to cause the atoms of the brain to shake. MRI sensors pick up the signals emitted ([i'mit]发出) from the brain’s atoms and a computer interprets them as a picture. MRIs show more detail than CT or CAT scans can. They are especially useful in finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the ears.PET scans: Positron emission tomography (PET) is different from other scans because it shows how the brain functions. After a person’s bloodstream is injected with a small dose of glucose (['glu:kəus]【生化】葡萄糖), which is what gives the brain energy, scanners around the head detect where the glucose moves. The PET scan shows which part of the brain use a lot of glucose, which are the more active parts. PET scans are helpful for diagnosing strokes,studying mental illness, and learning how the brain process language.Positron Emission Tomography scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanComputed Axial Tomography Scan uses powerful magnets to make the atoms of the brain shakeShows which parts of the brain use a lot of glucoseHelpful for diagnosing strokesUseful for finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the earsshows how the brain functionsshows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue60.How can doctors and scientistsunderstand the brain’s reaction to injury, disease, or mental illness?A.By contrasting/comparing it with normal brain activities.B.By passing the X-Ray beams through the brain tissue.C.By picking up the signals emitted from the brain’s atoms.D.By being injected with glucose and detecting where it moves.61.By Which two scans mentioned are helpful for diagnosing brain tumors?A. CT / CAT and PETB. MRI and PETC. CT/CAT and MRID. CT and CAT62. If a person suffers from defect in speaking, which scan will a doctor be mostlikely to suggest?A. CT / CATB. MRIC. PETD. Any one of themCThe psychology of innovationWhy are so few companies truly innovative?Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centers designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fitbetween an employee’s values and a company’s valu es makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’rollemphasizesCialdini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome’ is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be bette r than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the g enetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded becausethey were aware that th ey weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packet s encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Corn Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorist believe the id eal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important t o making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.63. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point aboutA. recognizing talent.B. working as a team.C. having a shared objective.D. being an effective leader.64. James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover theDNA code because theyA. were conscious of their own limitations.B. brought complementary skills to their partnership.C. were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.D. encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.65. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example ofhowto______________________________________________________.A. inspire creative thinking.B. generate concise writing.C. promote loyalty to a group.D. strengthencommitment to an idea.66. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees toA. be aware of their company’s goals.B. feel that their contributions are valued.C. have respect for their co-workers’achievements.D. understand why certain management decisions are made.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people go through life's usual phases of ups and downs，which are common and normal stages in life, but when your self-esteem is low, you may need to know how to boost your self-esteem, since it can lead to problems you may not have thought of.Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes u p a person’s attitude and outlook towards life. (67) ______________________ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.Self-esteem plays a key role in the maturity of a person, especially when trying toget away from a dangerous situation, going through a series of trials in life. Our normal responses to these circumstances and situations are governed by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by these conditions.Faced with tough decisions in life, the more self-esteem one has, the better. It is for that person to make sound decisions, even in the face of peer pressure or stress at work and at home. Let us try to look into some of the common and best practices which have been tried and tested to help boost self-esteem.Always compliment yourself daily, especially by trying to look for specific tasks you did well for that day and congratulate yourself for it. (68) ____________________ List down all things you are good at doing and achieving, be it a talent, skill, sport or building up other people.You can add more focus to these good points and fuel our passion to do better and make you not only understand yourself more, but also give you the true meaning and measurement of self worth and this is how you see yourself as important.Appreciation of one’s physical appearance and bearing can al so be your source of self-esteem, be it the size and shape of your body, your overall physical structure or unique features. Your body can be your source of pride and will help you understand how you would like others to see you, or work on your physical appearance to boost self-morale and satisfaction.Sometimes when you tend to see things in a different light or perspective from others, don’t focus too much on making sure that what you think will cause things to change. (69) _____________________________When you have good self-esteem you will realize that what you did was right and was made under your own food judgment, sound principles and concepts based on your personal outlook and attitude towards life.Do not let negative feedback affect you. Of course, one cannot help but feel bad about negative comments or reactions, but you have to consider that these are tests against your character and personality. (70) ________________________________ So try to look at yourself and see, and if you feel less important or are not satisfied with how you see and look at things, then think about ways on how to boost your self-esteem. You’ll thank yourself for it.SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.1. One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.2. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked fora drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you？”3. “You don't owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.4. Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.5. Dressed in his doctor's gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.6. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words...“Paid in full with a glass of milk.（Signed）Dr. Howard KellyTears of joy flooded her eyes as sh e prayed silently:” Thank You, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.民众呼吁政府延长失业的救济。
主谓一致讲解及练习（二）概念：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系；主谓一致的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：二、语法一致1、意义：语法一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：即，主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采用复数形式；A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.2、关于语法一致的具体情况：1）不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看做单数，谓语动词用单数；Reading often means learning.To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.What he said has been recorded .2）如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including,主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than等短语再加一个名词时，谓语动词仍与主语保持一致；A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift.Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now.All but Tom have gone to the cinema.3）用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数；A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech.Bread and butter is usually my breakfast.The professor and scientist has already come.A teacher and a writer are in the office.4）用and连接的并列主语被each, every, no或many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数；Each boy and each girl has been given a gift.No teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book has been laid on the desk already.Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.5）each of + 复数代词，谓语动词用单数；复数代词+ each，谓语动词用复数；Each of us has something to say.Each of them has been given a piece of bread.We each have a dictionary.They each have done their work.6）none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；但修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数；None of us are (is) perfect.None of these books are (is) mine.None of his money has been found again.None of this worries me.7）名词如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但当它们前面有a pair of或one pair of修饰时，谓语动词只能用单数；My trousers are black.His glasses are expensive.A pair of trousers lies on my bed.A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.8）形复意单名词如：news；以-ics结尾的学科名词如：physics, mathematics, economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New York Times；书名如：Arabian Nights；机构名如：the United Nations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.The New York Times is a popular reading material for students.Physics is my favorite subjects.9）“a/an + 名词+ and a half”；“one and a half + 名词”；“the number of + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；An apple and a half is on the table.One and a half days has passed.The number of the students in our class is 63.10）百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词单数（或不可数名词）作主语，谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.11）“many a/an + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，但是表达的是复数意义；Many a student is interested in English.Many a teacher has resigned.Many an apple has gone bad.Many a mistake has been made by him.12）“a (large) quantity of + 名词”作主语时，名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；名词是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；“a (large) amount of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“large quantities of + 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water.A large amount of time has been spent on English.Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project.Large amounts of time have been saved by the new invention.13）“this kind of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“复数名词+ of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；This kind of apples was imported from America.Apples of this kind were imported from America.14）“a/an + 单数名词+ or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“one or two + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；A day or two is enough for this work.One or two days are enough for this work.A man or two is to be sent there to help them.One or two men are to be sent there to help them.15）“a set of + 复数名词”及“a series of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend.The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.16）在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；但是如果one前面有the only修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数；Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert.Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.例题：1、The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】D.本题考查时态与主谓一致。
高三上学期期中巩固提升练习Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.A drug has stopped brain deterioration in Alzheimer’s（早老性痴呆病）, patients for the first time, scientists announced yesterday.Mental decline was stopped for 18 months in some patients, in results described as (21)______ (strong) sign yet that an effective treatment for the disease is near. Researchers said that the drug — (22)______ (take) as a tablet twice a day —could soon become the first medicine given to Alzheimer’s patients to keep the disease at bay for as long as possible.The final-stage trial had at first appeared (23)______ (be) a failure as the drug did not work in patients who were taking other dementia（痴呆，精神错乱）medicines. (24)______, among the 15 per cent of 891 patients not taking other medicines, the drug appeared to have remarkable effects.These patients say no drop-off in their reasoning and memory skills over 18 months, nor in their ability to carry out everyday tasks.(25)______, key areas of their brain shrank a third less than other patients in the trial, researchers told the A lzheimer’s Association International Conference in Toronto.“There is a pattern of disease modification here,” Serge Gauthier, of McGill University, (26)______ presented the results, said. “This is the first time it (27)______ (happen) in our field that a drug reduces the rate of brain atrophy（萎缩）.”At present patients are prescribed drugs such as donepezil, which help to control symptoms for a time but do not stop worsening damage to the brain.Doctor Gauthier said it was a surprise (28)______ other dementia drugs appeared to cancel out the effects of the new drug, called LMTX or LMTM, but (29) _______that just as cancer patients were given some medicines initially and then switched (30)______ _______ those stopped working, so Alzheimer’s patients could be given LMTX as a first-choice drug.“I’m excited about the promise of LMTX,” he said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Preschool is getting a lot of attention these days. President Obama and mayors across the country are touting（标榜）preschool as an important investment in the economy.As policymakers _31_ the costs and benefits of “preschool for all,” they’re trying to figure out what actually works in the classroom.School officials say the system of intensive coaching is a key to classroom success. Boston uses coaches for teachers as part of its larger _32_ for preschool quality. The district has installed a strict _33_ and requires teachers to get masters degrees.Academics have known for some time that quality _34_, but much of the research has focused on small-scale programs. The Boston program is different.Last year, a Harvard University study found big _35_ in math and vocabulary in Boston after the program, where the preschool system spans 68 schools.“That you can develop high quality across 68 schools was not obvious,” says Harvard economist and education professor Richard Murnane, who was not _36_ in the study. “We can do better in preparing poor childre n for school, and it can be done at considerable _37_.”But not everyone is sold. Some preschool research shows academic gains disappearing by third grade. Critics say a program without staying power is hardly worth a big public _38_.“So we just don’t kno w about Boston, whether the _39_ effects that are talked about at the end of the pre-K year are going to be there at the end of first grade, second grade or third grade,” Whitehurst says. “Without knowing that, it’s hard to make a decision about whether th is is a great program that ought to be _40_ in other places.”But policymakers around the country aren’t waiting for a long-term study. They’re coming to Boston to see the preschool program up close.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We have been putting smart women on the couch for 40 years without making full use of their talent. Today the portion of top jobs that go to women is still _41_ low. Why aren’t more women running things in America? It isn’t for lack of ambition or qualifications. The real _42_ to getting more women to the top is the difficult issue of time commitment: To day’s top jobs in major organizations _43_ 60-plus hours of work a week. Isn’t it too much?But for businesses and reformers are serious about making their companies _44_ for the large number of American talented women, here are three ways to handle it.Re-think time. We can break away from the belief that high-level work can be done only by people who work extra time. Maybe working time can be _45_ by setting the right amount of work that needs to get done. Senior roles should actually be easier to adapt in this way because highly paid people have the desire to give up some _46_ in order to work less.Availability matters. It’s important to differ between availability and absolute time commitment. Many professional women would _47_ agree to check email seven days a week and come to office, _48_, for intense project — so long as over the course of a year, the time devoted to work is more _49_. Managers need to know that 24/7 availability is not the same thing as a 24/7 workload.Quality is the goal, not quantity. Leaders need to create a _50_ in which talented people are judged not by the quantity of their work, but by the quality of their _51_. One who works 20 hours a week and who delivers exceptional results on a pro rata（摊派）basis should be qualified for _52_ and viewed as a top performer.“Devotion” may help talented women who can live with the way that top jobs require today —and if that’s their _53_, give more power to them. But only a small percentage of women will choose this route. Until the rest of us get serious about _54_ the present way that work gets done in American corporations, we can only complain about the _55_ of it all while changing almost nothing.41. A. shockingly B. possibly C. relatively D. consequently42. A. desire B. barrier C. challenge D. solution43. A. promise B. suggest C. track D. demand44. A. cautious B. careful C. nervous D. Hopeful45. A. shortened B. adjusted C. lengthened D. Unchanged46. A. time B. income C. freedom D. promotion47. A. happily B. reluctantly C. hesitantly D. rapidly48. A. if necessary B. when possible C. if convenient D. when likely49. A. expected B. limited C. paid D. excluded50. A. rule B. situation C. civilization D. culture51. A. duties B. contributions C. donations D. commitments52. A. managers B. supervisors C. promotions D. employments53. A. comprehension B. advantage C. principle D. choice54. A. altering B. considering C. setting D. fighting55. A. dream B. time C. injustice D. crueltySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Even as a child, the best-known North American woman painter, Frida Kahlo exhibited an independent, rebellious spirit and lack of restraint (克制) that often got her into trouble.At the age of six, however, Frida’s life changed dramatically. She got polio and was confined to her bed for nine months. The disease left Frida’s right leg shorter and thinner than her left, and when she had recovered enough to return to school, she walked with a limp. She was often teased by her playmates, and although that was emotionally painful for her, she compensated by being outgoing and gained a reputation a s a “character”A turning point occurred in Frida’s life in September, when she was involved in a near-fatal accident. The bus in which she was riding home after school crashed into a trolley car. The impact caused a metal rail to break loose, piercing Frida’s entire body with the steel rod. The Red Cross doctors who arrived and examined the victims separated the injured from the dying, giving the injured first priority. They took one look at Frida and put her with the hopeless cases.The doctor eventually treated Frida, and miraculously she survived. She suffered a broken spine and two broken ribs. Her right leg was broken in 11 places, and her right foot was smashed. Her left shoulder was dislocated. From that point on, Frida Kahlo would never live a day without pain.Although Frida recovered enough to lead a fairly normal life, the accident had severe psychological and physical consequences. She had to abandon her plan to become a doctor. Her slowly healing body kept her in bed for months, and it was during this time that Frida began to paint. Some artists look to nature or society for their inspiration, but Fria Kahlo looked inward. After her accident, Frida described her pain in haunting, dreamlike self-portraits. Most of her 200 paintings explore her vision of herself. The Broken Column (1944), a small deer with Frida’s head and a body pierced with arrows runs through the woods.When she was in her forties, her health seriously declined, but Frida always kept her lively spirit. By then she was internationally known. When a Mexican gallery wanted to have a major exhibition of her work, she arranged to have her elaborately decorated, four-poster bed carried into the gallery so that she could receive people.56. Polio left Kahlo with a limp, and as a result she became ___________________.A. shy and withdrawnB. polite and gracefulC. friendly and unconventionalD. weak and straightforward57. Kahlo began to paint ___________________.A. when she was still a childB. after she suffered from polioC. after a serious traffic accident happenedD. while she was already in her forties58. Which of the following doesn’t describe Kahlo’s artwork?A. She painted many beautiful landscapes.B. She painted pictures showing pain and suffering.C. She often used herself as a subject for her work.D. She painted even when she was very ill.59. At the time of her death, Kahlo was ___________________.A. still an unknown artist.B. sorry she had taken up artC. not accepted as an accomplishedD. a famous North American woman artist(B)The National GalleryThe National Gallery displays one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of paintings in the Western European tradition. It includes many famous works, such as Botticelli’s Venus and Mars, Titan’s Bacchus and Ariadne, Caravaggio’s Supper at Emmaus and Monet’s The Water-Lily Pond. All major traditions of Western European painting are represented from the artists of the late medieval period and Renaissance to the French Impressionists.Become a MemberJoin today and enjoy free entry to exhibitions, exclusive events, special offers, and more. To join, visit/membership, call 020 7747 2850 or speak to our Visitor Engagement team.Support usIf you have enjoyed your visit, please make a donation in our visitor donation boxes, which can be found at all entrances. Donations from visitors make a real difference to the Gallery, helping to preserve and care for this unique collection. Thank you for you support.Visiting information Admission freeOpening hoursOpen daily 10am-6pm,Friday Lates 6-9pm. Closed 1 January, 24-26 December.Eat, drink and shopThe National Dining RoomsLevel 1, Sainsbury Wing EntranceOpen daily 10am-5pm,(8.30pm Fridays). Waiter service.The National CaféLevel 0, Getty EntranceMonday to Friday 8am-11pm,Saturday 10am-11pm,Sunday 10am-6pmSelf-service café and waiter-service brasserie.Free Wi-Fi Espresso BarOpen daily 10am-5.45pm,(8.45pm Fridays). Self-service.ShopsOpen daily 10am-5.45pm(8.45pm Fridays).Shop online at EventsFor information on events andprogrammes please consult the What’sOn guide located at the entrances or goto /events60. Where is the passage most probably from?A. A speech introducing the National Gallery.B. A thesis on western European art.C. A guide to the National Gallery.D. A newspaper article about collections in the gallery.61. What is the right unique to members of the National Gallery?A. Access to exclusive events and special offers.B. Admission free and free Wi-Fi.C. Free meals inside the National Gallery.D. No need to queue at all entrances.62. If you feel hungry when you visit the National Gallery at 7pm on Saturday, where can you gofor refreshment?A. Shops.B. The National Dining Rooms.C. Espresso Bar.D. The NationalCafé.(C)Beauty is big business in China. The country’s cosmetics market is worth $26 billion a year, making it the third-biggest in the world. Euromonitor, a research firm, believe it will grow 8% each year from now to 2017.It would seem surprising, then, that some of the world’s best-known brands are giving up on such an attractive market. This week L’Oreal of France, the world’s biggest cosmetics firm, said that it will stop selling its Garnier line of beauty products in China. This came on the heels of an announcement by Revlon, an American rival, that it would leave the country altogether.L’Oreal insists that this is not a step back from the Chinese market, of which it commands an 11% share, but rather a shift in strategy. It says it will henceforth concentrate on selling Chinese consumers it’s L’Oreal Paris and Maybelline New York lines. Revlon has done rather less well in China, which accounts for a tiny share of its global revenues. It is said to have suffered a big fall in sales in recent months and blames this on a slowing Chinese economy.A few years ago, when China’s annual GDP growth was in double digits and its consumers had barely begun to fill their repressed desire for foreign luxury, the firms that sold it set themselves ambitious targets. Now China is coming to resemble a more normal emerging market: still with much potential for growth, but with no guarantee that every fancy foreign product entering it will get a piece of the action. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated, and are increasingly unwilling to pay extra money for all but the very best brands.At the same time costs are high. Wages for “beauty assistants” and other saleswomen are rising at double-digit rates annually. Marketing in such a huge and diverse country, are complex. To cap it all, Chinese cosmetics firms are quickly catching up with the foreign ones.As the costs rise and the growth slows, L’Oreal and Revlon are unlikely to be the last foreign cosmetics firms to think again about their ambitions in China.63. Which statement is true about China’s cosmetics market?A. It is worth $26 million a year.B. It is growing at a rate of 8% each year.C. China’s domestic brands have defeated foreign brands overwhelmingly.D. China’s cosmetics market is the third-biggest in the world.64. The underlined phrase “came on the heels of” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to ____________.A. followedB. affected byC. caught up withD. was prior to65. Why did some world’s famous cosmetics brands change their strategy in China?A. Because L’Oreal commands a share of 11%, leaving little potential for other brands.B. The costs are high and China’s economic growth is slowing down.C. Chinese consumers began to fill their repressed desire for foreign luxury.D. There is limited potential for development in China’s cosmetics market.66. How will the author probably predict China’s future cosmetics market?A. It will grow at a rate of 8% each year from now to 2017.B. L’Oreal and Revlon will be the only two foreign brands to reconsider their ambitions in China.C. Foreign brands will face fierce competition with domestic brands.D. For all the challenges, foreign cosmetics firms are optimistic about their ambitions in China.Section DDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells – by far the most common sort – convert only a quarter of the light that falls on them. Silicon has the merit of being cheap: manufacturing improvements have brought its price to a point where it is snapping at the heels of fossil fuels. 67. ______John Rogers, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, is one. The cells he has devised can convert 42.5% of sunlight. 68. ______ Their secret is that they are actually not one cell, but four, stacked one on top of another.Solar cells are made of semiconductors, and every type of semiconductor has a property called a bank gap that is different from that of other semiconductors. 69. ______ It also fixes the maximum amount of energy that can be captured from shorter wavelength. The result is that long-wavelength photons are lost and short-wave ones incompletely utilized.70. ______ He chooses his materials so that the bottom of the band gap of the top layer matches the top of the band gap of the one underneath, and so on down the stack. Each layer thus chops off part of the spectrum, converts it efficiently into electrical energy and passes the rest on.The problem is that the materials needed to make these semiconductors are costly. But Dr Rogers has found a way to overcome this. Normal solar-cell modules are completely covered by semiconductor, but in his only 0.1% of the surface is so covered. The semiconducting stacks, each half a millimeter square, are scattered over that surface many dots. Each stack then has a pair of cheap glass lenses mounted over it. These focus the sun’s light onto the stack, meaning that all incident light meets a semiconductor.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Stress for a teenager is as real a problem as stress for an adult. Therefore, it’s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades.Extra curricular activities(课外活动)such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child’s mind. Balancing school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress gounrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parents to know how to deal with stress.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 自开业以来，上海迪斯尼乐园天天游人如织。
高三语法巩固提升（一）1. The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time _____ on a new look as recently as last year.A. on has takenB. has takenC. on having takenD. having taken2. You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _____ her children.A. brought upB. bring upC. bringing upD. to have brought up3. How do you enjoy _____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV？A. spendingB. to spendC. being spentD. spend4. They've kept up a friendship with the teacher whom they were at school _____ twenty years ago.A. withB. aboutC. sinceD. till5. —Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer？—Sorry, I have no idea.A. had；boughtB. has；boughtC. did；buyD. ／；bought6. Madame Curie, for _____ life had once been very hard, was successful later.A. whomB. whichC. whoseD. that7. Who would you rather _____ the report instead of you？A. have writtenB. have to writeC. writeD. have write8. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to？A. thatB. whereC. whyD. when9. He hid himself behind the door _____ he still could see what would happen to his classmates.A. thereB. whichC. from whichD. from where10. Mary didn't come to our party yesterday because she was busy preparing for the exam. We all felt sorry _____ her.A. ofB. forC. exceptD. besides答案与解题思路分析：一。
判断推理类阅读巩固提升练习（二）Passage 1In today's fast paced, high stress world people are working longer hours than ever, and often exhaust themselves at. Day's end in front, of the television to relax enough to begin again in the morning. However, television watching, for most people, does not really lower stress. Studies show that TV viewing more than an hour or so actually creates stress and, especially in women, may lead to the blues. Most individuals are unaware that doing some exercise after work makes them more energetic since it increases energy levels.Wise use of free time does not mean getting an advanced degree, although the mental encouragement gained through education is unbeatable in keeping your mind active. Learning new things nearly always adds a spark to your daily life, especially if it is a favorite topic, such as sport, fashion, or art. Also, look through your bookstore or library to find books on your interests. Try to replace a half hour TV watching with reading.It is reported that in the United States recently, many individuals have as few as two good friends. Long work hours and car commute act to separate people from each other. This separation is deadly. Find ways to meet people at the end of the day and on weekends. Often this can be best done by combining activities, such as by joining a walking group to get both exercise and companionship. Taking a class will lift your spirits and allow you to meet others with similar interests. Hobbies are great for reducing stress and provide another opportunity for social interaction.Using your free time to aid your health may include these elements and many more, such as going to concerts and spending time with family. Overall, the key is to spend less free time being passive. The best ways to use free time are to be mentally and physically active, spend some time outdoors, and interact with other people on a regular basis.1.What can we learn from the passage?A.Watching television may cause women to feel depressed.B.Finding interests and hobbies in common means taking a class.C.Going to concerts is the best way to make you mentally active.D.Getting an advanced degree in education always lights up your life.2.What does the underlined word "commute" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.The arrangement to work every dayB.The journey to work every dayC.The communication between peopleD.The separation between people3.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Live a Happy and Healthy LifeB.Relax Yourself in Various WaysC.Spend Your Free Time WiselyD.Interact With Others OutdoorsPassage 2Our brains work in complex and strange ways. There are some people who can calculate the day of the week for any given date in 40,000 years, but who cannot add two plus two. Others can perform complex classical piano pieces after hearing them once, but they cannot read or write.Dr. J. Langdon Down first described this condition in 1887. He called these people idiot savants. An idiot savant is a person who has significant mental impairment, such as in autism or retardation. At the same time, the person also exhibits some extraordinary skills, which are unusual for most people. The skills of the savant may vary from being exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics, or having a photographic memory.One of the first descriptions of a human who could calculate quickly was written in 1789 by Dr. Benjamin Rush, an American doctor. His patient, Thomas Fuller, was brought to Virginia as a slave in 1724. It took Thomas only 90 seconds to work out that a man who has lived 70 years, 17 days, and 12 hours has lived 2,210,500,800 seconds. Despite this ability, he died in 1790 without ever learning to read or write.Another idiot savant slave became famous as a pianist in the 1860s. Blind Tom had a vocabulary of only 100 words, but he played 5,000 musical pieces beautifully.In the excellent movie Rain Man, made in 1988 and available on video cassette, DustinHoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise, with his ability to perform complex calculations very rapidly.Today we more clearly recognize that the idiot savant is special because of brain impairment. Yet not all brain impairment leads to savant skills. Some studies have shown that people who have purposeful interruption of the left side of the brain can develop idiot savant skills. However few people wish to participate in such experiments. There are many excellent reasons for not undergoing unnecessary experimentation on one's brain. The term idiot savant is outdated and inappropriate. Virtually all savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not idiots.1.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.I diot savants have areas of outstanding abilities.B.H uman Beings have complicated thinking process.C.T he brains of the idiot savants are partly impaired.D.T he reasons why people have wonderful skills vary.2.Which of the following can be done by Rain Man?A.H e can play wonderful pieces of classical music.B.H e can guess out exactly the length of a man's life.C.H e can memorize the contents of the pictures fast.D.H e can count matches dropped on the floor quickly.3.What can you infer from the passage?A.I diot savants have real talents for art and math.B.D r. Down is the first person who found idiot savants.C.F ew people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operations.D.I ntentional left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? （1 ~5refer to paragraph 1 ~5.）Passage 3When it comes to parenting, it can be hard to know which issues are important and which ones are not. According to parenting expert Anne Murphy, a family dinner matters. "Having a family dinner doesn't only mean hours of sharing various kinds of food," she said. "It means getting together as long as you can—even if it's just 15 minutes for pizza. Or make it breakfast or lunch—whatever you can do."Never waste your valuable time on TV. Keep the conversation joyful—Murphy thinks it makes a difference. Studies have shown that teenagers whose families eat together are less likely to abuse drugs. They also have better grades and—perhaps most importantly—better relationships with their parents. It brings more benefit to children than many after-school activities, she added.Homework has become a hot issue recently. According to a study, the amount of time kids spend on homework has increased by 51 percent since 1981."The point of homework is to make students continue to learn after school hour," Murphy said. "However, giving too much homework runs the risk of turning kids off school and even worse— turning them off learning in all forms. They will turn to other things, such as computer games, some of which are aggressive, or drinking for fun. Therefore, some experts came up with an idea, that is, kindergarteners and first-graders get 10 minutes of homework. Second-graders get 20 minutes, and so on.Murphy offered tips to parents who think their children are getting too much homework. 'Talk to other parents to see if they also think so, and then talk to the teacher," she said. "Have a discussion about it, and let the teacher know that you want to work together on a solution."1.According to Anne Murphy,.A.parents should tell children what matters during dinner timeB.parents should save time and not cook for childrenC.it's important for the family to have a good talk during dinner timeD.it's important for the family to discuss sharing together2.Which of the following is the benefit of families eating together?a.Children are more likely to avoid drugs.b.Children may have better grades.c.Children may have a close relationship with their parents.d.It can save children's time and prevent them from watching TV.e.It encourages children to have more after-school activities.A. a, b, cB. c, d, eC. a, c, eD. b, c, e3.What do we know about homework from the passage?A.T he time spent on homework shouldn't be over 10 minutes.B.T oo much homework may make students lose interest in study.C.H omework does not help children continue learning after school.D.P arents should decide the amount of homework for their children.4. From the passage, we can learn that.A.c hildren's time spent on after-school activities is being reducedB.c omputer games are making children increasingly aggressiveC.i t is unnecessary for young children to do homeworkD.s ome experts think it necessary to reduce children's homework5. What does the passage mainly talk about?A.W hat matters most in parenting.B.H ow to develop a close relationship with children.C.F amily education is important for children.D.P arents say no to too much homework.Passage 4Many people prefer text messages to actually talking. Almost overnight, text messages have become the preferred form of communication for millions.But even as industry calculations show that Americans are now using mobile phones to send or receive more text messages than phone calls, those messages are under great pressure because of the danger they can pose by distracting users. Though there are no official casualty statistics, there is much evidence that the number of fatal accidents resulting from texting while driving, crossing the street or engaging in other activities is on the rise."The act of texting automatically removes 10 I.Q. points," said Paul Saffo, a technology trend forecaster in Silicon Valley. "The truth of the matter is that there are hobbies that are incompatible. You don't want to do mushroom-hunting and bird-watching at the same time, and it is the same with texting and other activities. We have all seen people walk into parking meters or walk into traffic and seem startled by oncoming cars."In the latest fight against text-messaging, the California Public Utilities Commission announced an emergency measure on Thursday temporarily banning the use of all mobile devices by anyone at the controls of a moving train.The ban was adopted after federal investigators announced that they were looking at the role that a train engineer's text-messaging might have played here last week in the country's most deadly rail accident in four decades.A California lawmaker is also seeking to ban text-messaging by drivers, a step already taken by a handful of other states. "We have had far too many tragic incidents around the country that are painful proof that this is a terrible problem." said Joe Simitian, who wrote the California law requiring drivers who are talking on a cell phone to use hands free devices.1.What can we know from the second paragraph?A.T exting may result in many accidents.B.T ext messaging has caused most of the accidents recently.C.M any people are going to text message instead of telephoning.D.T he government is now trying to stop text messaging.2.Why does Paul Saffo mention mushroom hunting and bird watching?A. To show people's variety of interests.B. To explain the danger of text messaging.C. To develop his idea about text messaging.D. To warn people of the danger while walking.3.What has been done about text messaging?A.E vidence is now being collected to fight against text messaging.B.B us drivers and train drivers are forbidden to text message.C.S ome laws about text messaging have been put into effect in America.D.S ome actions have been applied to solve the text messaging trouble.4.What is the attitude of the author to text messaging?A. He seems against it.B. He shows no idea on text messaging.C. He supports text messaging.D. He is for it.5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. No text message, no tragedyB. Text message, a new killerC. Have you text messaged?D. Are you still text messaging?Passage 5There is a boy in my gym class (I'll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should "go Ajax" his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way— that's "tact".If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish, which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact."Tactfulness" also requires 'truthfulness". Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, "Your husband is disabled," a doctor might say, "I'm sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and..."Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, "This won't hurt a bit." Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.1.When told he should "go Ajax" his teeth, Bill probably felt.A. surprisedB. cheatedC. regretfulD. painful2.According to the author, his mother's praise for the brother is.A. both sensitive and tactfulB. sensitive but not tactful enoughC. truthful but not tactfulD. sensitive but trickish3.The fourth paragraph mainly talks about.A.h ow to comfort the patientsB.h ow to use trickery carefullyC.d ifferences between trickery and promisesD.a nother feature of tact4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)Keys: Passage 1 . 1.A2.B3.C Passage 2 . 1.A2.D3.C4.B Passage 3l.C 2.A3.B 4.D 5.A Passage 4 1.A2.B 3.D 4.A5.DPassage 5 1.D2.B3.D4.C。
高三春考提升练习Last weekend, the latest Disney movie, zootopia, broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation. People across the U.S bought more than $75million worth of tickets.Zootopia is a city of animals. The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.Zootopia 22___________(praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in the description of relations 23___________ two kinds of animals in the city.Jaed Bush had Phil wrote zootopia. They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24___________(set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25___________they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26___________something like this, “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” and then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27___________the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepersThe creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28___________(produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29___________(represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says zootopia is its 30___________(complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.【Keys】21.who 22. has been praised 23. between 24.set 25. because26. themselves 27. did 28. to produce 29. representing 30. most complexIn the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England 21___________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown 24___________(lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.Scientist think that animal companionship is beneficial 25___________animals are acceptingand attentive, and they don't criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.Not only do people seem 26___________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27___________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28___________(result) in a favourable environment for everyone.Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29___________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30___________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.【Keys】21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since 26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselvesDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer shyness, you are not alone. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families,with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also pay a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming isolated as a result of technology. Face to face interaction with bank clerks, gas station attendants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning had become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘by rote’ as: ‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World WarⅡbroke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about six seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself——with flashcards or by repetition——is usually hard and boring work,which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keeps motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve required the essentials of a subject by rote learning you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.1. 你没有必要在乎他人对你的评论.（care）2. 大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。
翻译2（一）常考短语与句型1. ...的原因是... (reason)The reason why...is that...2. 据说/据报道/据称（注意两种表达方式）It is said/reported/claimed that...=sb/sth be said/reported/claimed to do/have done sth 3. 某人似乎要做/正在做/做了某事(seem)sb seem to do/ to be doing / to have doneIt seems/seemed that...4. 某人碰巧做/正在做/做了某事(happen)sb happen to do/to be doing / to have doneIt (so) happens/happened that5. (某地)曾经有.../似乎有/碰巧有(there)There used to be.../There seem to be.../There happen to be...6. 人们/大家普遍认为It is generally believed/thought/accepted that...It is (generally) believed that...=sb/sth be believed to do sth7. 某人想到某事(occur)sth occur to sb=sth strike sbIt occurred to sb that=It struck sb that8. 做...是没有用/好处的It is no use/good doing sth做...是浪费时间的It is a waste of time doing sth9. 认为...理所当然(grant)sb take sth for granted=sb take it for granted that=It is taken for granted that...10. 很可能... (likely)It is (very) likely that... =sb/sth be likely to do sth11. 难怪，怪不得(It is) no wonder (that) ...12. 当说到...时(come)When it comes to ...13. 规定(rule)sb make it a rule that...14. 对某人来说重要的是...What matters to sb is/was...15. 是....才是重要的。
阅读理解-议论文类阅读巩固练习Passage 1Texas — US President George W Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin failed to bridge their differences over a key arms control treaty last week, but that didn't stop them from backslapping as they ended a summit.The two leaders also offered differing interpretations of the fate of nuclear warheads to be removed from missiles under arms reductions they each announced last week. Bush said he intended to destroy the warheads, but Putin said their fate should be negotiated.The two men untied on the need for Northern Alliance forces—to allow for a broad based government that respects all parties there.Bush and Putin had spent the night at Bush's ranch. Despite the rain, the rural environment and friendly company appeared to have worked its magic. They slapped on the back and joked, at one point teasing each other about whether it is better to visit Texas in the heat of August or Siberia in winter.Analysts say the dramatic warming in US-Russian relation could herald an era of pragmatism in global affairs as the two old rivals finally end decades of hostility and become friends."Washington and Moscow are no longer playing the 'big game' against each other, but with each other," said Karl Heniz Kamp, an analyst at the Konrad Adenanaer Foundation, a German think tank.1.It can be concluded that President Bush and President Putin .A.didn't agree on key arms control treatyB.offered different explanations of the future of nuclear warheads under arms reductionsC.neither A or BD.bothAandB2.The reason why the two men joined together is that.A.they were needed by the Northern Alliance forcesB.they had taken the advice given by Karl Heniz Kamp, an analyst of German think tank.C.they had already been partnersD.they had no different opinions on everything3.The warming of US-Russian relations indicates that.A. the two persons end hostility and become friends can benefit a lot from global affairsC.there will be an end to all the armies of the worldD.it is a turning point to words being practical in global affairs4.What the two men teased about shows that .A.they appeared friendly but in fact they didn'tB.they just made fun of each otherC.they are friendly and humorousD.they invited each other to their countries in the bad weatherPassage 2Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman's place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are "dependents".The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women's domestic role. Informal distinctions between "women's work" and "men's work" in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differencesbetween the sexes require each to play sex defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that to exist are largely learned.But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.1.Women's place, some people think, is within the protective environment of the home becauseA.women can provide better care for the childrenB.women are too weak to do any agricultural work at allC.women are biologically suited to domestic jobsD.women can not compete with men in any field2.According to the author, sex roles.A.are socially determinedB.are emotionally and physically determinedC.can only be determined by what education people takeD.are biologically and psychologically determined3.The author points out that the assignments of women's roles in work.A.are determined by what they are better suited toB.grow out of their position inside the homeC.reflect a basic difference between men and womenD.are suitable to them, but not to men4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.The division of sex defined roles is completely unacceptable.B.Women's roles in Work are too limited at present.C.In one society, men might per form what is considered women's duties by another.D.Some of the women's roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by menPassage 3Teachers have long said that success is its own reward, But these days, some students are finding that good grades can bring them cash and luxury gifts.In at least a dozen states this school year, students who bring home top marks can expect more than just thankfulness.The most ambitious experiment began in September, when seven states—Arkansas. Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Virginia and Washington—won spots in an Mobil-funded program that, in most cases, pays students $100 for each passing grade on advanced placement (AP) college-prep exams.It’s an effort to get low—income and minority students interested in the courses, says Tommie Sue Anthony, president of the Arkansas Advanced Initiative for Math and Science. “We still have students who are not sure of the value, who are not willing to take the courses,” she says, “Probably the motivation will make a difference with those students.”Gregg Fleisher of the National Math and Science Initiative, which runs the seven-state program, says the effort is modeled on a program adopted by Dallas in the 1995-96 school year that saw AP course-taking jump obviously. That program is now statewide.While many educators would be against offering kids cash for good grades, Fleisher and others say the idea is simple: “It’s an encouragement to get them to basically make the right decision and choose a more strict class,” he says, “This teaches them that if they work at something very hard and have a lot of support, they can do something they didn’t think they could do.”An analysis of the Texas program last month by Cornell economist C.Kirabo Jackson found that it linked to a 30% rise in the number of students with high SAT and ACT scores and an 8% rise in college-going students.64．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Success is its own reward B．Success makes a difference.C．Good grades deserve gratitude.D．A new motivation for students.65．What’s the purpose of the experiment?A．To get relatively poor students interested in their studies.B．To help poor students to keep on with education.C．To offer poor students luxury gifts on their birthdays.D．To make an effort to raise the value of money.66．What is the writer’s attitude toward offering kids cash for good grades?A．Favorable.B．Worried.C．Opposed.D．Confident.Keys: Passage 1. DA DC Passage 2 CABA Passage 3DAA。
完型填空（一）完型填空的特点完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。
上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。
其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。
体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。
题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。
形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。
形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。
形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。
形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
（二）完型解题步骤1 通览----速度全文，把握大意快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。
2 试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后先易后难，逐层深入。
紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
3 复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应（如果没时间浏览全文，那做题时也要读完一段再做这一段的题，不要看一题做一题。
）（三）解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。
它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。
把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
①If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determinetheir meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51.A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise②Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language解题思路二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。
高中英语关于主谓一致语法的巩固练习( ) 1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were( ) 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play( ) 3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are( ) 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.A. seemB. seemsC. seemedD. are seemed( ) 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license.A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having’( ) 6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours.A. isB. areC. wereD. be( )7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable.A. areB. isC. has beenD. have been( )8. When ______ the United Nations founded?A. isB. areC. wasD. were( )9. Every possible means _____ .A. has triedB. has been triedC. was triedD. were tried( ) 10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have( )11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. areB. mustC. have beenD. is( )12. Nobo dy ______ seen the film. It’s a pity.A. but Tom and Jack haveB. except Tom and Jack haveC. but my friends hasD. but I have( )13. No teacher and no student ______.A. are admittedB. is admittedC. are admittingD. is admitting( )14. All but one ______ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were( )15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided( ) 16. The writer and singer ______ here.A. isB. areC. wereD. do( ) 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. areB. wasC. isD. were( ) 18. In those days John with his classmates _____ kept busy preparing for the exam.A. isB. areC. wasD. were( ) 19. ____ your clothes?No, mine _____ hanging over there.A. Is it, isB. Are these, areC. Is it, areD. Are these, is( ) 20. The Smith’s family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond of their old houses.A. were, wereB. was, wasC. were, wasD. was, were( ) 21. What the teacher and the students want to say _____ that either of the countries ____ beautiful.A. are, areB. is, isC. are, isD. is, are( ) 22. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been( ) 23. _____ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings ______ their duty.A. Each, areB. Both, isC. Neither, areD. None, is( ) 24. What do you think of the ______ of the coat?It’s rather high. You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.A. valueB. costC. priceD. use( ) 25. Are the two answers correct?No, ______ correct.A. no one isB. both are notC. neither isD. either is not( ) 26. The wind, together with rain and fog, _____ makingsailing difficult.A. have beenB. wasC. / D/ are答案1.C2. A3. C4. B5. A6. B7. B8. C9. B 10. C 11. D 12. C 13.B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17.C 18. C 19. B 20.D 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25.C 26. B高中英语关于冠词的语法巩固练习1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.a. the breakfast inb. the breakfast in thec. breakfast ind. breakfast in the2.He has promised to give up ______ hundreds of times.a. tobaccob. tobaccoc. the tobaccod. tobaccos3.______ usually go to church every Sunday.a. The Brownb. A Brownc. Brownsd. The Browns4.The train is running fifty miles ______.a. an hourb. one hourc. the hourd. a hour5.He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good ______.a.at the fluteb. at flutec. at a fluted. at that flute6.The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.a.those poorb. a poorc. poord. the poor7.You look in high spirit. You must have ______ during your holiday.a. wonderful timeb. a wonderful timec. the wonderful timed. some wonderful time8.The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ______ traffic there was so heavy.a .a b. an c. the d. one9.A new teacher was sent to the village in place of ______ one who had retired.a. ab. thec. and. its10.Virtue and vice are before you;______ leads you to happiness,______ to misery.a. the formerlatterb. a formera latterc. the formerthe latterd. formerlatter答案CBDAADBCBC。
翻译1（一）翻译步骤1. 直译和意译直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。
注意逻辑主语的变化。
1)他的话让我忍俊不禁。
I couldn’t help laughing at what he had said.2)那个国家又发生地震了。
Another earthquake broke out in that country.3)要注意的随词汇改变语序的词还有take place, happen, appear, exist, occur, spring up比如：It suddenly occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his driving license.Lots of bars have sprung up in the streets of Shanghai.4)你不可能独立完成任务。
It is impossible for you to complete the task alone.2. 适当加和减词1)我爸爸是老师，在重点中学教书。
My father is a teacher and teaches in a middle school.2)每天早晨妈妈是全家第一个起床的人。
Every morning Mum is the first to get up in the family.3)这是妈妈告诉我的。
This is what Mum told me.4)他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。
Though he has retired, he still cares about the company’s business.3. 语序的变化1.所有出席会议的人都拿到一张电影票。
All those present at the meeting got a film ticket.2.我认为你找不到你的自行车了。
名词与主谓一致巩固提升练习基础练习1.No one except Jack and Tom ________ the answer.A. are knowsB. is knowingC. knowsD. know2.Nothing but cars_______ in the shop.A. are going to sellB. were soldC. are soldD. is sold3.Here is a message of importance to every man and every woman who_______ .A. votesB. voteC. votingD. arevoting4.Politics_______ one of the subjects that I study.A. areB. is G. were D. was5. _______ a lready been interviewed.A. A number of applicants haveB. A number of applicants hasC. The number of applicants haveD. The number of applicants has6. _______ i s misused in the sentence.A. A word or twoB. One or two wordsC. One and two wordsD. Many words7.There _______ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.A. areB. haveC. isD. has8.I am the one who________ w rong.A. amB. isC. areD. havebeen9.Each of the footballers________ over 150 pounds.A. weighB. weighsC. weightsD. wereweighing10.Half of the material ________ away.A. has been takenB. are takenC. have been takenD. weretaken11.The manager or his assistant ________planning to go.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. will12.There _______ in this room.A. are too many furnituresB. are too much furnitureC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture13.His brother rather than his parents ________ .A. are to be blamedB. is to blameC. are to blameD. is to be blamed14. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_______ a mystery to us.A. has been remainedB. have been remainedC. remainD. remains15. To know merely the main facts________ enough.A. areB. beC. beingD. is16. Watering the flowers and looking after the children________ all I have to do everyday.A. areB. isC. wasD. were17. Each boy and each girl________ a new book.A. have goneB. has goneC. have gotD. has got18. American and Dutch beer ________ b oth much lighter than British.A. areB. isC. wereD. was19. It is not I but you who________ the first to run to the goal in that competition.A. isB. wasC. areD. is goingto20. Every means________ been tried since then.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is21. One and a half bananas________ o n the table.A. are leftB. is leftC. have leftD. has left22. There _______ in this room.A. are too many roomsB. are too much roomC. are plenty of roomsD. is plenty of room23. Neither of them ________ g oing to the cinema. Both of them_________ going to thecinema.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; wasD. are; is24. All but one ________ h ere just now. All that I want to say __________ this.A. was; wereB. was; isC. were; isD. were;were25.A number of students ________ g one for an outing. The number of the students ________ increasing every yeaA. have; hasB. is; haveC. has; haveD. have; is26.S ome of the oranges________ turned bad. Some of the milk_______ turned sour.A. have; hasB. have; haveC. has; haveD. have; is27.Each student ________ got an English-Chinese dictionary. The students eacha dictionary.A. have; hasB. has; haveC. have; haveD. has; has28.There_______ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There___________ somebowls, plates and a spoon on it.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is29.Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong. Either you or he_________ to blame.A. is; areB. are; isC. are; areD. is; isKeys: 1-10 CDABA ACBBA11-20 ADBCD ADACA21-30 BDACD ABABA提高练习30.His family________ all very well. His family __________ a "five good" one.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are31.My blue trousers_______ worn out. One pair of trousers_________ not enough.A. is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is32.Our League secretary and monitor _______ the lead in everything. Our League secretaryand the monitor good friends.A. take; areB. take; isC. takes; isD. takes;are33.The girl as well as his parents_________ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor_____________________________ s urprised at Mary's answer.A. have; wasB. have; wereC. has; wasD. has;were34.Who _______ the girl singing in the next room? Who ________ these people over there?A. are; areB. are; isC. is; areD. is; is35.Most of the students _______ boys. Most of his money________ spent on books.A. are; isB. is; isC. are; areD. is; are36.The policeman _______ standing at the street corner. The police_________ s earching for him.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is37.The glasses _______ mine. That pair of glasses _________ my brother's.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is38.The news at six o'clock________ n ot true. Those pieces of news_________ to be broadcast.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is39.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ________ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, taking a walk in the park now.A. are; areB. is; areC. is; isD. are; is40.No one but Jane________ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I_________ i n the classroom at that time.A. know; wasB. knows; wasC. know; wereD.knows; were41.There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _________ something wrong with the machine.A. was; isB. was; areC. were; isD. were;are42.He is one of the boys who ________ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who_____________________________ never late for school.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is43.What they have done_______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does________ agree.A. is; notB. is; do notC. are; does notD. are; not44.Every picture except these two ________ . Everything around us ________ matter.A. have been sold; isB. have been sold; areC. has been sold; isD. has been sold; are45.A woman with two children________ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _________ moved to PaA. is; hasB. is; haveC. are; haveD. are; has46.one sixth of our classmates _______ from peasant families. One fifth of her time __________ devoted to wA. comes; isB. come; areC. come; isD. comes;are47.Only 10 percent of the students in the class _______ League members. About 40% of Jim'sincome_____________________________________ to the rent (租金).A. are; goesB. are; goC. is; goesD. is; go48.It is this teacher who ________ leaving for London. It is you who _________ next.A. are; areB. is; areC. are; isD. is; is49.The population of the earth_______ increasing fast. One third of the population here ________ workers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are;are50.This kind of snakes________ very dangerous. These kinds of metal_________ hard tofind.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are51.Half of the visitors ________ from Europe. Half of the fruit__________ b ad.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are52.Every man worker and every woman worker ________ free medical care. At Christmaseach boy and each girl_____________________________ given a present.A. enjoy; isB. enjoy; areC. enjoys; isD. enjoys;are53.Many a man ________ s een the wonderful film. Many men________ seen thewonderful film.A. has; hasB. has; haveC. have; hasD. have;have54.Going to bed early and getting up early________ a good habit. Singing and dancing _________ two of the thA. is; isB. are; isC. is；areD. are;are55.Such _______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Suchher words.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wereD. was;was56.If anybody_______ , ask him to wait. ________ there anything I can do for you?A. come; IsB. come; AreC. comes; AreD. comes;Is57.Chinese_______ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are58.Little _______ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much ________ done to against fight pollution.A. has been; have beenB. have; hasC. has been; has beenD. have been; have been59.Do you know the singer and dancer who_______ s tanding at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which Taiwan.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are60.When we are to hold the sports meet _________ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _____________________________________ m atter.A. have; don'tB. has; don'tC. have; doesn'tD. has; doesn'tKeys: 31-40 DDCCA CACDB41-50 ACBCA CABAC51-60 CCBCB DCCBD。
