卡泊芬净病例分享
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·论 著·卡泊芬净治疗耐氟康唑深部真菌感染疗效分析倪坚军,徐颖颖(浙江省中西医结合医院药剂科,浙江杭州310003)摘要:目的 研究卡泊芬净对氟康唑无效的ICU患者深部真菌感染的临床效果,并评价药物安全性。
方法 回顾性分析51例真菌感染的ICU患者,其中明确诊断16例,临床诊断19例,拟诊16例,全部病例均使用过氟康唑无效后给予卡泊芬净注射液治疗。
结果 51例患者经卡泊芬净治疗后的总有效率为45.1%;确诊病例、临床诊断病例和拟诊病例的有效率分别为50.0%、47.4%和37.5%;临床治疗有效时间为3~17d,中位有效时间为5.5d。
结论 卡泊芬净对氟康唑无效的重症监护患者深部真菌感染疗效确切,同时在使用过程中需密切关注药物的不良反应。
关键词:卡泊芬净;氟康唑;真菌感染;疗效中图分类号:R978.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-4529(2012)05-1023-03Efficacy of caspofungin in treatment of fluconazole-resistantdeep fungal infectionsNI Jian-jun,XU Ying-ying(Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou,Zhejiang310003,China)Abstract:OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of caspofungin in patients with deep fungal infections inintensive care unit and had not response to fluconazole.METHODS A total of 51ICU patients with deep fungalinfections were retrospectively analyzed and underwent caspofungin treatment.16patients were definitelydiagnosed,19patients were diagnosed by clinical and imageological symptoms and 16patients were diagnosed byexperience.All patients received injection of caspofungin after fluconazole failed.RESULTS The overall effectiveresponse rate was 45.1%;the effective response rates of definitely diagnosed patients,clinically diagnosedpatients and empirically diagnosed patients were 62.5%,57.9%and 50.0%,respectively.The effect responsetime was 3~17d,and the median effect response time was 5.5d.CONCLUSIONCaspofungin is still effective forICU patients with deep fungal infection who fail with the fluconazole treatment;moreover,adverse effects shouldbe followed with concern when caspofungin is used.Key words:Caspofungin;Fluconazole;Fungal infection;Efficacy收稿日期:2011-11-30; 修回日期:2011-12-20 重症监护病房(ICU)患者由于并发多种严重的基础疾病,且常见器官的功能受损或大手术治疗后各种导管的应用和留置、侵入性操作等高危因素的存在,加上患者广谱抗菌药物、糖皮质激素等药物的广泛应用,导致深部真菌感染日益增多,是造成ICU患者死亡的主要原因之一。
卡泊芬净治疗COPD患者侵袭性肺部真菌感染29例临床分析[摘要] 目的观察卡泊芬净治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(copd)合并侵袭性真菌感染的临床疗效。
方法采用卡泊芬净治疗copd合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染29例,分析其临床疗效。
结果 29例患者疗程为(17.6±4.7) d,总有效率为82.76%(24/29);所有患者治疗过程中未出现严重并发症。
结论卡泊芬净治疗copd患者合并侵袭性真菌感染可取得满意临床疗效,值得基层医院推广应用。
[关键词] 慢性阻塞性肺疾病;侵袭性真菌感染;卡泊芬净;临床分析[中图分类号] r563.1 [文献标识码] a [文章编号] 1674-4721(2013)02(b)-0090-02慢性阻塞性肺疾病(copd)是呼吸内科常见的疾病,多见于中老年人,随着疾病的发展,可能导致患者死亡,因而copd的诊断治疗及早期防治应引起人们的关注。
近年来,由于抗生素、激素的使用,加上侵袭性操作增多,使得copd合并侵袭性肺部真菌感染(ifi)的发生机会也逐渐增高,这对copd患者的预后又产生不良影响,如何早期诊断并合理治疗copd合并ifi也成为内科医师研究的热点。
2007年1月~2012年1月笔者采用卡泊芬净治疗29例copd合并ifi,取得较为满意疗效,现报道如下:1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料29例患者全部为2007年1月~2012年1月来本院住院治疗的患者,入院诊断为copd合并ifi。
其中,男性17例,女性12例,年龄49~67岁。
29例患者中本次入院前均有慢性阻塞性肺疾病史,19例住院时间超过30 d,22例患者使用过抗菌药治疗,23例患者有激素应用史,13例患者有侵入性操作史。
所有患者均进行入院常规检查,根据患者不同情况分别进行呼吸道分泌物培养、血培养或肺组织病理学检查;所有患者诊断均符合《侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断标准与治疗原则》的诊断标准[1]。
1.2 治疗方法在治疗原有疾病的基础上,卡泊芬净首次剂量70 mg,第2天起改为50 mg,1次/d,静滴。
卡泊芬净成功治愈奥默柯达真菌血症1例1例确诊为奥默柯达(毕赤)真菌血症的75岁女性患者经卡泊芬净治疗后痊愈。
该患者既往有冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压病、糖尿病及糖尿病肾病,近期因脑出血行脑内血肿置管引流术,术后因肺炎及呼吸衰竭行气管切开及机械通气,因消化道出血行全胃肠外营养。
此后多次血液及静脉导管头培养均提示为奥默柯达真菌感染,先后给予氟康唑、伏立康唑、卡泊芬净及移除深静脉导管后血培养转阴,续用卡泊芬净21 d并连续6次血培养阴性考虑真菌血症治愈。
目前报道的所有奥默毕赤真菌血症患者都存在免疫功能低下,卡泊芬净适合于肾功能不全患者,移除深静脉导管和停止静脉营养是治疗该病的重要措施,为避免复发抗真菌药物的疗程应在血培养阴性后维持2周以上。
[Abstract] A case of 75-year-old woman patient diagnosed as Kodamaea (Pichia) ohmeri fungemia was recovered through the treatment of Caspofungin. The patient suffered coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive disease, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in the past, and was performed percutaneous catheter drainage in the intracerebral hematoma because of cerebral hemorrhage recently, and was taken incision of tracheal and mechanical ventilation after the operation because of the complication of pneumonia and respiratory failure, and was given total parenteral nutrition because of the severe alimentary tract hemorrhage. After that, multiple blood culture and culture of the tip of central venous catheter (CVC) all showed that there was Kodamaea ohmeri infection. The patient was cured after the treatment of Fluconazole, V oriconazole and the removal of CVC. Caspofungin was kept on for 21days and the blood culture showed 6 consecutive negative results, with the results, we considered that fungemia was cured. In recent reports, all patients with Kodamaea ohmeri fungemia had low immunity. Caspofungin was suitable for patients with renal insufficiency. The most important treatment for Kodamaea ohmeri fungemia is the removal of CVC and the withdrawal of parenteral alimentation. The antifungal treatment duration should be sustained for 2 weeks after the negative blood culture to avoid the recurrence of Kodamaea ohmeri fungemia.[Key words] Fungemia; Kodamaea ohmeri; Caspofungin奧默柯达(毕赤)真菌是属于酵母菌科的一种真菌[1],在食品工业中具有发酵作用,最初从腌制蔬菜或腐烂水果中分离到[2]。
卡泊芬净治疗18例肺部真菌感染的临床分析(作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________)【摘要】目的调查卡泊芬净治疗肺部真菌感染患者的疗效及安全性。
方法通过回顾性分析,了解卡泊芬净治疗呼吸科重症监护病房(RICU)中肺部真菌感染患者的疗效和不良反应。
结果 18例疗效评价病例中,临床有效率为38.9%(7/18)。
10例侵袭性肺曲霉病患者中,5例临床有效。
9例卡泊芬净疗程大于10d者中,7例治疗有效;9例疗程小于7d的患者均治疗无效。
2例首选卡泊芬净患者治疗都有效;14例将卡泊芬净作为挽救治疗者中,仅3例临床有效,其中2例为侵袭性肺曲霉病。
所有纳入安全性评价的12例患者均未出现临床和实验室的不良反应。
结论卡泊芬净是治疗侵袭性肺曲霉病的安全有效药物,其作为一线抗真菌药物对患者的预后及生存率似乎更有益。
【关键词】卡泊芬净;侵袭性肺部真菌感染;疗效;安全性ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin on invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFI) in patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was employed toinrestigate caspofungin in the treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal infections in patients from respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). Results Of the 18 evaluable patients, the total effective rate of caspofungin was 38.9%. Of 10 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis, five patients achieved clinical improvement. The group of short course of treatment with caspofungin (≤7 days) was ineffective, while the group with long course (≥10 days) had clinical responses. As for first-line antifungal therapy, caspofungin demonstrated favourable effect in two cases. As for salvage treatment, the improvement rate of caspofungin was 21.4% (3/14), and 2 of 3 cases were pulmonary aspergillus infections. No drug-related clinical adverse events and laboratory adverse event occurred in 12 cases of patients receiving caspofungin. Conelusion Caspofungin was effective and safe in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. In the case when caspofungin was considered as first-line antifungal therapy, it could be more benifcial to survival rates and prognosis of the patients. KEY WORDS Caspofungin; Invasive pulmonary fungal infections; Clinical improvement; Security近年来,由于免疫功能低下(抑制)人群不断增加、广谱抗生素和肾上腺糖皮质激素广泛应用甚至滥用等,深部真菌感染的发病率呈明显上升趋势。