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11. I think the question difficult ________ (answer).12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).三._ing形式的时态:_ing形式的一般式通常表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语之后；完成式则表示动作先于谓语动词而发生。
如：15. ________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.16. He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.17. I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.18. _________ (Finish) the work, he went home.19. He insisted on _________ (join) the army.四._ing形式的语态：一般情况下，需要找准—ing动词的逻辑主语，若它们之间是主谓关系，—ing动词常用主动；若它们之间是动宾关系，—ing动词就要用被动。
但在动词need, want, require,及形容词worth之后的—ing必须用主动表示被动。
如：20. He won’t come without __________ (invite).21. The flowers in the garden need _______ (water).22. Thank you for _________ (give) us so much help.23. The building ________ (build) now will be a hospital.24. ________ (give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?25. The book is well worth ________ (read).第三节非谓语动词的用法比较一、作主语动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作主语。
非谓语动词用法简洁表格| 非谓语动词类型｜构成形式｜用法｜例句｜｜｜｜｜｜｜动词不定式（to do）｜ to ＋动词原形｜ 1、作主语<br>To learn a foreign language is not easy （学习一门外语不容易。
）＜br>2、作宾语<br>She decided to go shopping （她决定去购物。
）＜br>3、作宾语补足语<br>The teacher asked us to clean the classroom （老师让我们打扫教室。
）＜br>4、作定语<br>I have a lot of work to do （我有很多工作要做。
）＜br>5、作状语<br>He came here to see me （他来这里看我。
）｜｜动名词（doing）｜动词原形＋ ing ｜ 1、作主语<br>Swimming is good for health （游泳对健康有益。
）＜br>2、作宾语<br>He enjoys reading novels （他喜欢读小说。
）＜br>3、作表语<brHis hobby is collecting stamps （他的爱好是集邮。
）＜br>4、作定语<br>a swimming pool （游泳池）｜｜现在分词（doing）｜动词原形＋ ing ｜ 1、作定语<br>The sleeping baby is so cute （正在睡觉的宝宝太可爱了。
）＜br>2、作状语<br>Hearing the news, she burst into tears （听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来。
）＜br>3、作宾语补足语<br>I saw him playing basketball （我看见他正在打篮球。
非谓语动词的用法
在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分，由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系
二．非谓语动词的被动语态1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义
2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别
三．非谓语动词的句法作用
1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表
2. 非谓语动词作主语
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
4. 非谓语动词作表语
5. 非谓语动词作定语
6. 非谓语动词作状语
7. 非谓语动词作同谓语
8. 非谓语动词作插入语
四. 非谓语动词的特殊形式
五. 非谓语动词的否定形式
英语中将来时的表示形式
表示将要发生的动作和状态在英语中用将来时，将来时在英语中有多种表达形式，为了掌握它们的区别和用法，下面笔者对它们进行分类总结。
非谓语动词表格人称代词表格称代词表格形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别一.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。
例：1. This is my book.这是我的书。
2. We love our motherland['m???l?nd] (祖国).我们热爱我们的祖国。
二.名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
例：1. Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. 看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。
2. He likes my pen. He doesn't like hers.他喜欢我的钢笔。
不喜欢她的。
3. 注意：在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，已经提起过。
例：It's hers.是她的。
（单独使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以这样用）There is a book. It's hers.那有本书。
是她的。
（先提及，大家才明白）4. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.用法：1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：John had cut his finger; apparently[?'p?r?ntli] (显然地)there was a broken['br?uk?n]( break的过去分词破碎的;损坏的)glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
非谓语动词的用法总结表格非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_知识点一：非谓语作状语。
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。
注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。
解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后●不定式做结果状语的固定搭配only to do ，too +adj/adv to do，so +adj/adv as to do ，such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to doonly to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。
.知识点二：非谓语作定语解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后，面须有相应的介词。
2. 不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。
3. 不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。
知识点三：非谓语动词做补语解题技巧：记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系不定式和分词作宾语补足语（we consider him to be a nice guy）或主语补足语(He is considered to be a nice guy)是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。
A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清.B 弄清以下搭配及其意义1.感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式（do/doing/done），doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成，do表主动和完成（被动句中to 还原）。
非谓语动词的分类、意义和构成非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式分词现在分词过去分词动名词作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语两者都可以意义基本相同意义相反两者都可以意义不同作宾语补足语的非谓语比较情况区别例句常接不定式作宾补的动词感官动词接非谓语形式作宾补使役动词接非谓语形式作宾补With复合结构作主语的非谓语比较情况区别例句意义不同it作形式主语的情况不同主谓一致不同作表语的非谓语比较情况区别例句意义不同My job today is _____________(water) all theflowers in the garden.My job is ____________(teach) English.Chinese is __________(interest), so Lucy isinterested in Chinese.He is ____________(fright).His speech is very encouraging.Her praise is encouraging us to work harder.The novel is well written.The novel was written by Lu Xun.作状语的非谓语比较情况区别例句不定式He stopped to have a rest.He got up early in order to/__________ catch the first train.He broke into the room，only to find an empty box. I’m pleased to meet you.It is such a good book for me as to read it three times.分词现在分词__________(walk) in the street, I came across an oldfriend of mine.(finish)his homework, the boy wentout._________(take) round the city, we were impressed bythe city’s new look._________(give) another chance, I can do it better.Tired out, they stopped to have a rest._________(laugh) and ________(talk), they went intothe classroom.The teacher came into the lab, __________(follow) bysome students.The song is sung all over the country, making it themost popular song.Judging form her accent, she must be from India.____________________(tell) many times, he stillrepeated the same mistake.过去分词独立主格结构The text finished, we began our holiday.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. The meeting being over, we all left the room.作定语的非谓语比较情况用法例句不定式I haven’t a pen to write with.He had no money and no place to live (in).The present to be bought is for his mother.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.She is the only person to know the truth.He has no right to do it.Could you at least make an attempt to smile, Jim?I have no chance to go sightseeing.分词现在分词I don’t know the doctor __________(sit) on thechair.The building____________(build) now will be ahospital.The books________(write) by him is very popular.The professor ____________(come) hereyesterday will give us a lecture.The temple ______________________(destroy)by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.The is the question _________(give).区别：falling leaves boiling waterfallen leaves boiled waterdeveloping countriesdeveloped countries过去分词动名词a sleeping baga walking sticka washing machine。
非谓语动词一.动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to +动词原形(这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义)否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形do作主语常用it作形式主语例: To learn English well is useful. It is useful (for us) to learn English well.注意：在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.2. 一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like, like (想要),want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, except 等。
例: Would you like too see a film this evening?3. 在find, think 后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
例: I find it easy to read English every day.4. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式作宾语Why not do ........ , why don' t you do …,had better (not) do …,would rater do …,could/ would/ will you please (not) do …例: I would rather stay in the room.5. 一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。
一感(fell )、二听(hear, listen to )、三让(let/ make/ let )、四看(look at, see,watch, notice )、五帮助(help ),但变为被动语态是必须加上to.例: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.6. 不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
二.动名词1. 动名词的构成：动词原形+-i ng2. 动名词的句法功能继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up )考虑建议不禁想( consider, suggest, can ' t help, feel like ) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mi nd )三.分词1. 构成：动词+ -i ng动词+ -ed 2.四•易混清单1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do sth. 停下来去做stop doing sth.emember to do sth. 停止做记住要做某事（动作未发生） remember doi ng sth.记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）-forget to do sth.Forget doing sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生） 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）-try to do sth. _ Try doing sth. 努力去做某事 试着去做某事-go on to do sth. _ go on doing sth.做完一件事，接着去做另一件事 继续不停地做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） 对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔（已做）现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词有 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have 等，它们接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的经常性的动作； 接现在分词做宾补， 表示动作正在进行着。
例：I heard him singing in the classroom.（ "唱”这个动作正在进行 ） I heard him sing in the classroom.（ "唱”这个动作已经结束 ）三. Need, require, wa nt做"需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。
例: The windowneedscleaning .The windowneeds to be cleanedwant to be don e=wa nt doing n eed to be done=n eed doing require to be don e=require doing 四. 现在分词与过去分词的区别1. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动， 过去分词表示被动（修饰人用-ed ,修饰物用-ing ）。
例：the surpris ing n ews令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man—个感至U 惊讶的人2. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已近完成的动作。
例：the developi ng cou ntry 发展中国家 the developed country发达国家五. 注意下列"to ”是介词，不是动词不定式。
make （a ） con tributi on （s ） to 为 ... 作贡献 devote to 献身，致力于 ...... look forward to 期盼，盼望prefer ......... to ........ 两者间更喜欢 ..-regret to do sth. ..Regret doing sth.-mean to do sth. .mean doing sth.打算，想做某事 意味着做某事be used to … 习惯 .;适应1. Granny often tells us _____ water in our daily life. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _____ the email.3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _____________ the public rules. A. obey B. to obey C. obeying4. James, I 'm too tired. Let ' s stop ___________ a rest. A. having B. have C. to having5. —We can use QQ to chat with other on the Internet.— Really? Will you please show me _____ it? A. how to use B. what to use C. how can I use6. —Where ' s your brother now, Bob? — I saw him ____ in the street a moment ago and I told him _____ .A. playing; don' t do soB. playing; not do soC. play; to do so7. —Hi, Steve! Our teachers told us _____ an electric bike. It' s too dangerous.— I 'm sorry. I won 't do it again. A. to ride B. not rideC. not to ride8. As teenagers, we ' re old enough _________ with housework. Wecan help set the table,wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped9. —Mary dances best in our school.— I agree. I ' ll never forget ________ her dance for the first time.A. seeingB. to seeC. seeD. seen 10. Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada. It canencourage post-90s （90 后 ） _______ . A. work hard B. worked harder C. working harder D. to work hard 11. Don ' t forget ___ an umbrella ____ you. It ' s going to rain. A. to take; to B. taking; to C. to take; with D. taking; with 12. Nancy is really a hard - working student. We often see her _____ b ooks in theclassroom.A. readB. to readC. reads13. —Are you going to the party _____ at Smith' s home this evening?— I will if I am free.A. holdingB. heldC. to holdD. to be held 14. Mrs. Smith made her students _____ the compositions three times a week. A. write B. to write C. written D. writingA. writeB. to writeC. writingD. wrote D. obeyed D. to haveD. what can I use15. Danny did all kinds of things to make the babyA. to stop cryingB. stop crying16. We have two rooms ___ , but I canA. to live; to choose which oneC. to lived in; which one to choseC. to stop to cryD. stop to cry t decide _____ .B. lived; choose which oneD. live; which one17. The teacher told the students ____ any food into the computer room.A. not to bringB. not bringC. don ' t bringD. bring not18. At least 300 million people are using QQ _____ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A. creatB. createsC. creating19. The teacher asked Ben _____ a difficult question in class.A. answerB. answeringC. to answer20. You' d better _____ too much time playing computer games.A. don ' t spendB. not to spendC. to not spend21. More and more young people are trying to do something _____ the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves22. —Is Jack in the library?—Maybe. I saw him ____ out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. went23—Dad, why should I stop ____ computer games?—For your health, my boy,A. to play; mustB. playing;24. —Have you seen the TV play—Yes, it ' s well worth_________________________________ . It ' s26. If people ___ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhereA. keep; to live inB. will keep; toC. keep; to livelive in27. His parents often encourage him ___A. workB. working28. Last week I met my old friend Li number. _ hard.C. to work Ming but I forgotB. asking29. Last weekend I went to the library environment.liveD. works him for his telephoneA. ask C. and asksome booksA. to borrowB. borrowC. borrowed 30. —How do you feel whenyou watch the national flag go up?—It makes me _____ very proud.A. feltB. to feel31. The boy promised ______ late for schoolA. to not beB. not to be32. It ' s very nice _______ pictures for me.A. of you do drawB. for you to drawC. feelingagain.C. not beingC. for you drawingD. to askon how to protectD. borrowingD. feelD. being notD. of you drawingD. createdD. answeredD. not spendI'm afraid you _______have to C. to play; can MyUgly Mother ?D. playing; maymoving that I ' ve seen it twice.A. seeing; tooB. to see; enoughC. seeing; soD. to see; such25. Whynot your teacher for help whenyou can t finish _____ it by yourself?A. ask; writeB. to ask; writingC. ask; writingD. asking; writingD. will keep; to21—25 BBBCC 26—30 CCDAD 31—35 BACCB 36 — 40ABADCyuan __ new airports and old ones -Year Plan period.（ 时期）A. repairing;B. to build; repairC.building;D. to repair; buildbuildingrepairing34. There are so many kinds of pens here. I can' t decide _A. when to chooseB. to choose whichC. which one to choose35. — What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?— I would rather__ at home than __________________ football. it 's too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing36. It took Li Ming an hour _ ___ his bike yesterdayrepair B. r epairing C. repaired D. repair37. It ' s important__ the piano well.A. of him to playB. f or him to playC. of him playingD. f or him playing38. My job is ______ you Japanese.A. to teachB. t eachC. teachesD. taught39. The doctor ________________ _ a _ ____ boy yesterday.A. had saved; dyingB. s aved; deadC. has saved; deadD. s aved; dying40. Would you mind __me how _____ English words?A. tell; toB. telling; ; to rememberD. tell; rememberremember remember33. China will spend about 52 billion in the west of China in the 11th Five6 —10 BCAAD 11 —15 CADAB 16—20CADCD 答案：1—5CCBDA21—25 BBBCC 26—30 CCDAD 31—35 BACCB 36 —40ABADC。
