基于Emacs的LaTeX编辑环境

基于Emacs的L A T E X编辑环境Date:2011,5Version:DraftBy:sizikiEmail:siziki@目录目录第1章L A T E X编辑环境选择 (3)第2章环境准备 (4)2.1安装Emacs (4)2.2安装和配置AUCT E X (4)2.2.1关于快捷键 (7)2.2.2关于代码折叠 (8)2.3RefT E X的安装和配置 (9)2.4CDL A T E X安装和配置 (13)2.5yasnippet+auto-complete (15)2.5.1构建L A T E X模版 (16)2.5.2构建自定义环境 (17)2.6关于preview-latex (18)2.7我的el (18)2第1章L A T E X 编辑环境选择第1章L A T E X 编辑环境选择使用L A T E X 编辑文档，有很多软件可以选择，构成不同的编辑环境。

在不同的平台环境下，有不同的选择，比如windows 环境下的WinEdit ，TeXMakerX 等，MacOS 下有TeXShop 等，GNU/Linux 下有kile 。

还有通用的TeXworks 。

这些软件基本都是为L A T E X 编辑而生的。

优点是上手容易、简单易用，当然简单易用的代价就是配置的灵活性不够。

除此以外还有有些通用的编辑环境，通过适当的配置，就可以实现强大的L A T E X 的编辑环境，这种编辑环境的强大程度往往只取决于你的想象力。

本文就是要介绍基于Emacs 的L A T E X 编辑环境。

有几点需要提前说明：1.本文使用L A T E X 发行版是TeXLive2010。

2.本文使用的T E X 引擎是X ET E X ，L A T E X+CJK 的情况不涉及。

3.操作系统环境是Debian GNU/Linux ，不同系统环境下的插件安装不同。

3第2章环境准备第2章环境准备2.1安装Emacs当然首先是要有Emacs，主流的GNU/Linux发行版都可以方便的安装，以Debian为例，$sudo apt-get install emacs裸奔的Emacs是看起来不是那么可爱，需要很多很多的配置，Emacs的功能也取决于你怎么配置它，这里就详细说了。

Emacs－普通人的编辑利器Emacs －普通人的编辑利器2010年11月24日作者: yibie现代生活中，文档越来越重要，电脑已经成为编辑文本最主要的工具，程序员的工作其实就是编辑文档，选择高效的文本工具，自然要考虑程序员用的工具。

而 Emacs 就是一个是适合普通人使用的高效文档编写工具。

谈及Emacs，很多人第一个感觉就是很复杂，随之而来就有一个疑问“很难用的吧？”。

但是，我虽然不是程序员，现在使用Emcas + Org-mode（Emcas 上的插件）的组合，感觉行云流水，毫无碍难。

心中想到，为什么就算是程序员也觉得 Emcas 难用，而我作为一介非程序员却觉得 Emacs 好用呢？我觉得，这不过是以讹传讹罢了。

为什么不是程序员的你也能运用 Emacs？说实在话，就一个普通人而言，在没有接触过 Emacs 之前，是没法想像原来文本可以玩出这么多花样（Vim也很强，不过本文只谈Emacs）。

但是在网上，却有很多人在说 Emacs 难用，不得不说这是对Emacs 的妖魔化。

文本编辑器多种多样，Emacs 作为一个发展的40多年的编辑器，如果它真的要这么差的话，它早就应该成为历史的淘汰者，再不被人提起。

而事实正正相反，Emacs 不但流传广泛，而且还被誉为世界两大编辑器之一，被人称之为“神的编辑器”。

所以，以下的文字算是为 Emacs 辩解，要注意的是本文并没有贬低别的编辑器的意思。

不要妖魔化 Emacs ！•妖魔化 Emacs 之①：Emacs 的操作效率不高。

o大多数这么说的人，都是使用 Vim 的程序员。

也就是说，他们的这种评语，是从他们的职业特性出发，他们的判断并没有从其他的职业来出发考虑。

事实上，就算 Emacs 的操作效率再怎么差，比起 Windows 下的记事本/Word 来说，那全键盘的操作下效率还是要高多了。

•妖魔化 Emacs 之②：Emcas 的操作复杂，不易学习。

o Emacs 没有“颠覆”人们的操作习惯，仅仅是增加了一些快捷键，使 Emacs 做到全键盘操作。

latex使用手册LaTeX 使用手册一、LaTeX 简介与安装LaTeX 是一款强大的排版系统，基于TeX 编程语言开发。

它广泛应用于学术论文、书籍、报告等文档的撰写与排版。

安装LaTeX 系统后，用户可以利用各种编辑器（如TeXstudio、TeXworks 等）编写文档，并通过命令行或图形界面进行编译。

二、LaTeX 基本语法与结构1.文档结构：LaTeX 文档由一系列章节组成，每个章节具有独立的标题和内容。

2.标题：使用section、subsection、subsubsection 等命令创建不同级别的标题。

3.段落与换行：使用par 和ewline 命令创建段落和换行。

4.文本格式：使用textbf、textit、textsf 等命令设置文本格式。

三、文本格式与排版1.字体：使用fontfamily 命令选择字体。

2.字号：使用fontsize 命令设置字号。

3.行距：使用linespacing 命令设置行距。

4.间距：使用marginpar 命令设置页面四周的空白。

四、数学公式与符号1.数学公式：使用equation、align 等命令编写数学公式。

2.符号：使用symbol 命令插入特殊符号。

五、表格与图表1.创建表格：使用begin{tabular}、end{tabular} 命令创建表格。

2.修改表格：使用hline、multicolumn 等命令修改表格样式。

3.创建图表：使用begin{figure}、end{figure} 命令创建图表。

4.修改图表：使用caption、label 等命令修改图表属性。

六、目录与参考文献1.目录：使用tableofcontents 命令生成目录。

2.参考文献：使用bibliography 命令管理参考文献。

七、跨章节引用与链接1.交叉引用：使用label 和ef 命令实现章节间的引用。

2.内部链接：使用hyperlink 命令创建内部链接。

LaTex编译器选择及配置指南LaTeX是一种用于排版科技文档的标记语言，广泛应用于学术界和科研领域。

选择适合的LaTeX编译器，并正确配置它们，对于顺利创建和编辑LaTeX文档至关重要。

本指南将向您介绍一些常用的LaTeX编译器，并提供配置建议，以帮助您更好地使用LaTeX进行文档排版。

1. TeX LiveTeX Live是一套完整的LaTeX发布套件，以其跨平台的特性而闻名。

无论您使用的是Windows、Mac还是Linux操作系统，都可以在TeX Live中找到适合您的LaTeX编译器。

TeX Live包含了许多常用的LaTeX工具和宏包，使您能够充分发挥LaTeX的功能。

配置建议：在安装TeX Live时，默认情况下会将所有相关的LaTeX工具和宏包一并安装。

如果您对LaTeX仍然不熟悉，建议保持默认设置。

随着您的使用经验的增加，您可以根据自己的需求选择安装额外的宏包。

2. MiKTeXMiKTeX是另一款广泛使用的LaTeX发行版，特点是在Windows 环境下运行良好。

与TeX Live不同，MiKTeX采用了按需安装的方式，仅在需要时下载和安装所需的宏包和工具。

这使得MiKTeX的安装过程更加轻量级和灵活。

配置建议：在安装MiKTeX时，您可以选择将宏包和工具安装到本地计算机上，也可以选择将它们安装到网络上的共享服务器上。

如果您的计算机空间有限，或者希望与其他用户共享宏包和工具，后一种配置是更好的选择。

3. LyXLyX是一种所见即所得的LaTeX编辑器，提供了一个直观的界面，方便用户编辑和预览LaTeX文档。

与其他LaTeX编译器不同，LyX的主要特点是使用一种所见即所得的编辑方式，使得文档的排版更加直观。

配置建议：安装和配置LyX非常简单。

在安装完成后，您可以通过调整字体、段落和页面设置来个性化您的文档。

此外，您还可以通过为LyX添加LaTeX宏包来扩展其功能。

4. OverleafOverleaf是一种基于云端的LaTeX编辑器，使多人协作变得更加容易。

%% 本论文的排版主要参考了LaTeX2e插图指南(王磊), LaTeX2e用户手册, media的中文学位%% 论文宏包(CDT), happaytex的ORmain1.tex等文件以及ChinaTeX, CTeX论坛上的诸多贴子. %%% 本论文采用了Miktex2.2的方式在ChinaTeX.iso系统下得到了实现,其编译方式为%% latex(得到DVI文件)+dvips(得到PS文件)+ps2pdf(可得PDF文件).%%\documentclass[12pt]{article}%需要的一些宏包\usepackage{CJK} % 中文输入环境宏包\usepackage{titlesec,titletoc} % 配合命令在后面, 章节标题设置\usepackage{indentfirst} % 使首段首行缩进\usepackage{graphicx} % 插图宏包\usepackage{caption2} % 可以更改插图, 表格的标题样式\usepackage{subfigure} % 产生并列的子图或子表, 命令\subfigure, \subtable\usepackage{longtable} % 如果表格太长, 超过了一页时, 就可以试试longtable 宏包所定义的longtable 环境\usepackage{slashbox} % 在表格中绘制斜线\usepackage{fancyhdr} % 更改页眉的宏包, 并可在页眉插入图片\usepackage{times} % Times Roman + Helvetica + Courier\usepackage{amsmath} % 数学符号宏包AMS-LaTeX, 如下面的\overset需要此宏包%页面的设置\special{papersize=21cm,29.7cm} \setlength{\textwidth}{15cm}\setlength{\textheight}{23cm} \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.46cm}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.46cm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-1.84cm}\setlength{\headheight}{2.9cm} \setlength{\headsep}{0.4cm}%字号设置\newcommand{\chuhao}{\fontsize{42pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaochuhao}{\fontsize{36pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\yihao}{\fontsize{26pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiyihao}{\fontsize{24pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\erhao}{\fontsize{22pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaoerhao}{\fontsize{18pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\sanhao}{\fontsize{16pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaosanhao}{\fontsize{15pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\sihao}{\fontsize{14pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaosihao}{\fontsize{12pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\wuhao}{\fontsize{10.5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaowuhao}{\fontsize{9pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\liuhao}{\fontsize{7.5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\xiaoliuhao}{\fontsize{6.5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\qihao}{\fontsize{5.5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}\newcommand{\bahao}{\fontsize{5pt}{\baselineskip}\selectfont}%页眉的设置, 要用到fancyhdr宏包\pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} \fancyfoot{}\fancyhead[L]{\footnotesize Team \# 189}\fancyhead[R]{\footnotesize Page\ \thepage\ of\ 42}\fancypagestyle{plain}{%\fancyhead[L]{\footnotesize Team \# 189}\fancyhead[R]{\footnotesize Page\ \thepage\ of\ 42}}\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}%更改\theparagraph的编号样式\makeatletter\renewcommand{\theparagraph}{\@arabic\c@paragraph}\makeatother%章节格式的设置\titleformat{\section}{\erhao\bf}{}{0em}{}[]\titleformat{\subsection}{\xiaoerhao\bf}{}{0em}{}[]\titleformat{\subsubsection}{\sanhao\bf}{}{0em}{}[]\titleformat{\paragraph}[hang]{\vspace*{0.5ex}\sihao\bf}{\hspace*{1em}\theparagraph)}{0.5em }{}[\vspace*{-0.5ex}]%更改插图的标题\renewcommand{\figurename}{\wuhao\bf\sf Figure}\renewcommand{\captionlabeldelim}{\ }%更改表格的标题\renewcommand{\tablename}{\wuhao\bf\sf Table}%更改图形或表格与其标题的间距\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{10pt}\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{10pt}%定义产生不浮动图形和表格的标题的命令\figcaption和\tabcaption\makeatletter\newcommand\figcaption{\def\@captype{figure}\caption}\newcommand\tabcaption{\def\@captype{table}\caption}\makeatother%自定义的可以调整粗细的水平线命令, 用于绘制表格, 调用格式\myhline{0.5mm}. \makeatletter\def\myhline#1{%\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height #1 \futurelet\reserved@a\@xhline}\makeatother%第一层列表序号为带圈的阿拉伯数字\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\textcircled{\arabic{enumi}}}%更改脚注设置\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}\begin{document}\begin{CJK*}{GBK}{song}\CJKtilde\title{\bf\yihao Aviation Baggage Screening\\{\&} Flight Schedule}\author{}\date{}\maketitle\section{Introduction}Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, there isintense interest in improving the security screening process forairline passengers and their baggage. Airlines and airports areconsidered high-threat targets for terrorism, so aviation securityis crucial to the safety of the air-travelling public. Bombs andexplosives have been known to be introduced to aircraft by holdbaggage and cargo, carried on by passengers, and hidden withinaircraft supplies.At present To Screen or Not to Screen, that is a Hobson's choice.US Current laws mandate 100{\%} screening of all checked bags at the 429 passenger airports throughout the nation by explosive detection systems(EDS) by the end of the Dec 31 2003. However, because the manufacturers arenot able to produce the expected number of EDS required to meet the federal mandate, so it is significant to determine the correct number of devicesdeploy at each airport, and to take advantage of them effectively.The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) needs a complicatedanalysis on how to allocate limited device and how to best use them.Our paper contains the mathematical models to determine the number of EDSsand flight schedules for all airports in Midwest Region. We also discuss theETD devices as the additional security measures and the future developmentof the security systems.\section{Assumption and Hypothesis}\begin{itemize}\item The passengers who will get on the same airplane will arrive uniformly, namely the distribution is flat.\item The detection systems, both EDS and ETD, operate all the time during peak hour, except downtime.\item The airline checks the passengers randomly, according to its claim.\item The passengers, who are just landing and leave out, do not have to be checked through EDS or ETD.\item According to the literature, the aircraft loads approximately equal among the sets of departing flight during the peak hour.\item The landing flight did not affect the departure of the plane.\item Once a passenger arrives, he can go to EDS to be checked, except he has to wait in line.\item Once passengers finish screening, they can broad on the plane in no time.\item During peak hours, a set of flights departs at the same time every the same minutes.\item All the runways are used as much as possible during peak hours.\item The maximum number of the baggage is two, which a passenger can carry on plane. []\item The detection machine examines the bags at the same speed.\item EDS cannot make mistakes that it detect a normal object as an explosive.\end{itemize}\section{Variable and Definition}\begin{longtable}{p{100pt}p{280pt}}\caption{Variables}\\ %第一页表头的标题\endfirsthead %第一页的标题结束\caption{(continued)}\\ %第二页的标题\endhead %第二页的标题结束\hline\hline\textbf{Symbol}&\textbf{Description}\\\hline$n_{ij}$&The airplane number of the $i^{\mathrm{th}}$ type in the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ flight set\\\hline${NP}_i\:(i=1,2,\ldots)$&The number of passengers on each airplanes of the same type.\\\hline$\xi_{ij}\:(i,j = 1,2,\cdots)$&The number of baggage on each airplane of the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ flights\\\hline$a$&The maximal number of airplanes type\\\hline$B_j^{set}$&The total baggage number of each set of flight\\\hline${NF}_i$&Number of airplanes of each type\\\hline$\bar{\rho}$&The mean value of passengers' baggage coming per minute in every flight set\\ \hline$N_{set}$&The number of flight sets\\\hline$B_{total}$&The total number of checked baggage during the peak hour\\\hline$H_{peak}$&The length of the peak hour\\\hline$T_{set}$&The time length during which each flight set's passengers wait to be checked\\\hline$\Delta t$&The time interval between two consecutive flight set\\\hline$N_{EDS}$&The number of all the EDSs\\\hline$N_{shadow}$&The number of flight sets whose passengers will be mixed up before being checked\\\hline$v_{EDS}$&The number of baggage checking by one EDS per minute\\\hline$\rho_j$&The number of passengers' baggage coming per minute in one flight set\\\hline$N_{runway}$&The number of an airport's runway\\\hline\\*[-2.2ex]${\bar{B}}^{set}$&The mean value of checked baggage number of every flight set\\\hline$M$&The security cost\\\hline\hline\label{tab1}\end{longtable}\subsubsection{Definition:}\begin{description}\item[Flight set] A group of flights take off at the same time\item[The length of peak hour] The time between the first set of flight and the last set\end{description}\section{Basic Model}During a peak hour, many planes and many passengers would departfrom airports. Therefore, It is difficult to arrange for thepassengers to enter airports. If there are not enough EDSs forpassengers' baggage to check, it will take too long time for themto enter. That would result in the delay of airplanes. On thecontrary, if there are too many EDSs, it will be a waste. It isour task to find a suitable number of EDSs for airport. In orderto reach this objective, we use the linear programming method tosolve it.\subsection{Base analysis}The airplanes are occupied at least partly. The passengers'baggage would be checked by EDSs before they get on the airplanes.We have assumed that every passenger carry two baggages. Thisassumption would simplify the problem. According to the data fromthe problem sheet, we can obtain the useful information thatairlines claim 20{\%} of the passengers do not check any luggage,20{\%} check one bag, and the remaining passengers check two bags.Therefore, we can gain the total number of passengers' baggagethat should be carried on one plane: $\xi_{ij}$. Moreover, we canget the equation that calculate $\xi_{ij}$:\[\xi_{ij}={NP}_i\times 20\%+{NP}_i\times 60\%\times 2\]We define the matrix below as airplane baggage number matrix:\[\overset{\rightharpoonup}{\xi}_j=\left[\xi_{1j}\quad\xi_{2j}\quad\cdots\quad\xi_{ij}\quad\cdots\ right]\]We define the matrix below as flight schedule matrix:\[\left[\begin{array}{llcl}n_{11}&n_{12}&\cdots&n_{1N_{set}}\\n_{21}&n_{22}&\cdots&n_{2N_{set}}\\\multicolumn{4}{c}\dotfill\\n_{a1}&n_{a2}&\cdots&n_{aN_{set}}\end{array}\right]\]In this matrix, $n_{ij}$ is the airplane number of the$i^{\mathrm{th}}$ type in the $j^{\mathrm{th}}$ flight set whichwill take off. Apparently, this value is an integer.We define the matrix below as flight set baggage number matrix:\[\left[B_1^{set}\quad B_2^{set}\quad\cdots\quad B_j^{set}\quad\cdots\quad B_a^{set}\right] \]It is clear that they meet the relation below:\begin{equation}\begin{array}{cl}&\left[\xi_{1j}\quad\xi_{2j}\quad\cdots\quad\xi_{ij}\quad\cdots\right]\cdot\left[\begin{array}{llcl}n_{11}&n_{12}&\cdots&n_{1N_{set}}\\n_{21}&n_{22}&\cdots&n_{2N_{set}}\\\multicolumn{4}{c}\dotfill\\n_{a1}&n_{a2}&\cdots&n_{aN_{set}}\end{array}\right]\\=&\left[B_1^{set}\quad B_2^{set}\quad\cdots\quad B_j^{set}\quad\cdots\quad B_a^{set}\right]\end{array}\label{Flight:baggage}\end{equation}Then, we know:\[B_j^{set}=\sum\limits_{i=1}^a\xi_{ij}\times n_{ij}\]There are some constraints to the equation (\ref{Flight:baggage}).First, for each set of flight, the total number of airplanesshould be less than the number of runways. Second, the totalairplane number of the same type listed in the equation(\ref{Flight:baggage}) from every set of flight should be equal tothe actual airplane number of the same type during the peak hour.We can express them like these:\[\sum\limits_{i=1}^a n_{ij}\le N_{runway}\quad\quad\sum\limits_{j=1}^b n_{ij}={NF}_i \]We should resolve the number of flight sets. According to our assumptions,during the peak hour, the airlines should make the best use of the runways.Then get the number of flight sets approximately based on the number of allthe airplanes during the peak hour and that of the runways. We use anequation below to express this relation:\begin{equation}N_{set}=\left\lceil\frac{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{set}}\sum\limits_{i=1}^an_{ij}}{N_{runway}}\right\rceil\label{sets:number}\end{equation}The checked baggage numbers of each flight set are equal to eachother according to our assumption. We make it based on literature.It can also simplify our model. We define $\bar{B}^{set}$ as themean value of checked baggage number of every flight set.Moreover, We define $\bar{\rho}$ as the mean value of checkedbaggage number of every flight set per minute:\[\bar{B}^{set}=\frac{B_{total}}{N_{set}}\]\[\bar{\rho}=\frac{\bar{B}^{set}}{T_{set}}=\frac{B_{total}}{T_{set}N_{set}}=\frac{B_{total}\ Delta t}{T_{set}H_{peak}}\]The course of passengers' arrival and entering airport isimportant for us to decide the number of EDSs and to make theflights schedule. Therefore, we should analyze this processcarefully. Passengers will arrive between forty-five minutes andtwo hours prior to the departure time, and the passengers who willget on the same airplane will arrive uniformly. Then we can getthe flow density of all checked baggage at any time duringpassengers' entering. This value is the sum of numbers ofpassengers' checked baggage coming per minute. To calculate thisvalue, firstly, we should obtain flow density of each flight set'schecked baggage. We define $\rho_j $, namely the number of checkedbaggage per minute of one flight set:\[\rho_j=\frac{B_j^{set}}{T_{set}}\]Secondly, we draw graphic to help us to understand. We userectangle to express the time length for all the passengers of oneflight set to come and check bags. In the graphic, the black partis the period for them to come. During the white part, nopassengers for this flight set come. According to the problemsheet, the former is 75 minute, and the latter is 45 minute. Thelength of rectangle is 120 minute. $T_{set}$ is the period duringwhich all passengers of one flight set wait to be checked. Sincewe have assumed that each time interval between two consecutiveflight set is same value, we define $\Delta t$ as it. Observe thesection that value we want to solve is $\sum\limits_j\rho_j$. Moreover, we can get another important equation from the graphic below:\begin{equation}N_{set}=\frac{H_{peak}}{\Delta t}\label{PeakHour}\end{equation}\begin{figure}[hbtp]\centering\includegraphics[width=298.2pt,totalheight=141.6pt]{fig01.eps}\caption{}\label{fig1}\end{figure}Each EDS has certain capacity. If the number of EDSs is $N_{EDS}$ and one EDS can check certain number of baggage per minute (Thatis checking velocity, marked by $v_{EDS}$), the total checking capacity is $N_{EDS}\cdot\frac{v_{EDS}}{60}$. $v_{EDS}$ is between 160 and 210.Now we can easily decide in what condition the passengers can be checked without delay:\[\sum\limits_j\rho_j\le v_{EDS}\]The passengers have to queue before being checked:$\sum\limits_j\rho_j>v_{EDS}$Well then, how can we decide how many $\rho_j$? It depends on how many flight sets whose passengers will be mixed up before being checked. We note it as $N_{shadow} $. Return to the Figure\ref{fig1}, we can know:\[N_{shadow}=\left\lfloor\frac{T_{set}}{\Delta t}\right\rfloor\]\begin{figure}%[htbp]\centering\includegraphics[width=240pt,totalheight=131.4pt]{fig02.eps}\caption{}\label{fig2}\end{figure}From Figure \ref{fig1} and Figure \ref{fig2}, we can get theresult as follows:\begin{enumerate}\item If $N_{shadow}\le N_{set}$, namely $H_{peak}>T_{set}$, then $\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{shadow}}\rho _j\le N_{EDS}\frac{v_{EDS}}{60}$\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}a}That is:\begin{equation}N_{EDS}\ge\frac{60}{v_{EDS}}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{shadow}}\rho_j\approx\frac{60}{v_{ EDS}}N_{shadow}\bar{\rho}=\frac{60B_{total}\Deltat}{v_{EDS}T_{set}H_{peak}}N_{shadow}\label{EDS:number:a}\end{equation}\item If $N_{shadow}>N_{set}$, namely $H_{peak}\le T_{set}$, then $\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{set}}\rho_j\le N_{EDS}\frac{v_{EDS}}{60}$\setcounter{equation}{3}\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}b}That is:\begin{equation}N_{EDS}\ge\frac{60}{v_{EDS}}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{set}}\rho_j\approx\frac{60}{v_{EDS} }N_{set}\bar{\rho}=\frac{60B_{total}\Delta t}{v_{EDS}T_{set}H_{peak}}N_{set}\label{EDS:number:b}\end{equation}\end{enumerate}\subsection{The number of EDSs}Then we begin to resolve the number of EDSs assisted by the linearprogramming method.EDS is operational about 92{\%} of the time. That is to say, whenever it isduring a peak hour, there are some EDSs stopping working. Then the workingefficiency of all the EDSs is less than the level we have expected.Therefore, the airline has to add more EDSs to do the work, which can bedone with less EDSs without downtime.We use binomial distribution to solve this problem. $N$ is the number ofactual EDSs with downtime and $k$ is the number of EDSs without downtime. Ifprobability is $P$, we can get the equation below:\[\left(\begin{array}{c}N\\k\end{array}\right)\cdot98\%^k\cdot(1-98\%)^{N-k}=P\]We can obtain $N$ when we give $P$ a certain value. In this paper,$P$ is 95{\%}. The $N_{EDS}$ is the actual number we obtainthrough the equation above.Now we have assumed that passengers can be checked unless be delayed by the people before him once he arrives at airport. Apparently, if the time length between two sets of flight is short, the density of passengers will begreat. It will bring great stress to security check and may even make some passengers miss their flight. To resolve this question, the airline has toinstall more EDSs to meet the demand. However, this measure will cost much more money. Consequently, we have to set a suitable time interval between two set of flight.Based on the base analysis above. We can use the equation(\ref{sets:number}) to decide the number of flight sets $N_{set}$assuming we know the number of runways of a certain airport. Thenbased on the equation (\ref{PeakHour}), we can decide the peakhour length $H_{peak}$ when we assume a time interval between two consecutive flight sets. Then we use \textcircled{1} and\textcircled{2} to decide which to choose between equation(\ref{EDS:number:a}) and equation (\ref{EDS:number:b}). In consequence, we can obtain the minimum of EDSs number.If we choose different numbers of runways and the time intervalsbetween two flight sets, we can get different EDSs numbers. Inthis paper that followed, we gain a table of some value of$N_{runway}$ and $\Delta t$ with the corresponding EDSs numbers. Moreover, we draw some figure to reflect their relation.For a certain airport, its number of runway is known. Givencertain time interval ($\Delta t$), we can get the length of thepeak hour ($H_{peak}$). When the $N_{runway}$ is few enough,perhaps $H_{peak}$ is too long to be adopted. However, for acertain airline, they can decide the time interval of their ownpeak hour. In this given time interval, they could find theminimum of $N_{runway}$ through the Figure \ref{fig3}. We draw asketch map to describe our steps.\begin{figure}[hbtp]\centering\includegraphics[width=352.8pt,totalheight=214.2pt]{fig03.eps}\caption{}\label{fig3}\end{figure}\subsection{The Flight Schedule }According to the base analysis, we can know that the flightschedule matrix and $\Delta t$ is one form of flight timetable. In``The number of EDSs'', we can get suitable $\Delta t$. Then weshould resolve the flight schedule matrix.Because we have assumed that the checked baggage numbers of each flight setare equal to each other. It can be described as follows:\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\rho_j\approx\bar{\rho}\\B_j^{set}\approx\bar{B}^{set}\end{array}\right.\begin{array}{*{20}c}\hfill&{j=1,2,\cdots,N_{set}}\hfill\end{array}\]The flight schedule matrix subject to this group:\[\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{set}}n_{ij}={NF}_i&i=1,2,\cdots\\\sum\limits_{i=1}^a n_{ij}\le N_{runway}&j=1,2,\cdots,N_{set}\\n_{ij}\ge0,&\mathrm{and}\:n_{ij}\:\mathrm{is}\:\mathrm{a}\:\mathrm{Integer} \end{array}\right.\]In order to make the best use of runway, we should make$\sum\limits_{i=1}^a n_{ij}$ as great as we can unless it exceed$N_{runway}$.Then we can see that how to resolve the flight schedule matrix is a problemof divide among a group of integers. This group is all the numbers of eachflight passengers' baggage in one flight set. We program for this problemusing MA TLAB and we get at least one solution in the end. However, thematrix elements we have obtained are not integer, we have to adjust them tobe integers manually.\subsection{Results and Interpretation for Airport A and B}The number of passengers in a certain flight (${NP}_i$), the timelength of security checking ($T_{set}$), the checking velocity ofEDS ($v_{EDS}$), and the number of baggage carried by onepassenger are random.\subsubsection{Data Assumption:}\begin{itemize}\item $T_{set}$ is 110 minutes, which is reasonable for airline.\item To simplify the problem, we assume that every passenger carry 2 baggage. If some of thepassengers carry one baggage, the solution based on 2 baggages per passenger meets therequirement.\item The number of runways in airport A and airport B is 5.\end{itemize}\subsubsection{Airport A:}Once the number of runway and the number of the flights aredecided, the flight schedule matrix is decided, too. We producethis matrix using MATLAB. This matrix companied by $\Delta t$ isthe flight schedule for airport A. $\Delta t$ will be calculatedin (\ref{Flight:baggage}), (\ref{sets:number}) and(\ref{PeakHour}).We calculate $N_{EDS}$ and make the flight timetable in threeconditions. The three conditions and the solution are listed asfollowed:\paragraph{Every flight are fully occupied}The checking speed of EDS is 160 bags/hour.\begin{table}[htbp]\centering\caption{}\begin{tabular}{*{11}c}\myhline{0.4mm}$\mathbf{\Deltat(\min)}$&\textbf{2}&\textbf{4}&\textbf{6}&\textbf{8}&\textbf{10}&\textbf{12}&\textbf{14} &\textbf{16}&\textbf{18}&\textbf{20}\\\myhline{0.4mm}$N_{EDS}(\ge)$&31&31&31&31&31&29&24&22&20&17\\\hline$H_{peak}(\min)$&20&40&60&80&100&120&140&160&180&200\\\myhline{0.4mm}\end{tabular}\label{tab2}\end{table}We assume that the suitable value of $H_{peak}$ is 120 minutes.Then the suitable value of $\Delta t$ is about 12 minutes, and$N_{EDS}$ is 29 judged from Figure \ref{fig4}. Certainly, we canwork $\Delta t$ and $N_{EDS}$ out through equation.\begin{figure}[htbp]\centering\includegraphics[width=294.6pt,totalheight=253.2pt]{fig04.eps}\caption{}\label{fig4}\end{figure}\paragraph{Every flight is occupied by the minimal number of passengers onstatistics in the long run.}The checking speed of EDS is 210 bags/hour.\begin{table}[htbp]\centering\caption{}\begin{tabular}{*{11}c}\myhline{0.4mm}$\mathbf{\Deltat(\min)}$&\textbf{2}&\textbf{4}&\textbf{6}&\textbf{8}&\textbf{10}&\textbf{12}&\textbf{14} &\textbf{16}&\textbf{18}&\textbf{20}\\\myhline{0.4mm}$N_{EDS}(\ge)$&15&15&15&15&15&14&13&12&10&7\\\hline$H_{peak}(\min)$&20&40&60&80&100&120&140&160&180&200\\\myhline{0.4mm}\end{tabular}\label{tab3}\end{table}We assume that the suitable value of $H_{peak}$ is 120 minutes.Then the suitable value of $\Delta t$ is about 12 minutes, and$N_{EDS}$ is 14 judging from Figure \ref{fig5}. Certainly, we canwork $\Delta t$ and $N_{EDS}$ out through equation.\begin{figure}[htbp]\centering\includegraphics[width=294.6pt,totalheight=253.2pt]{fig05.eps}\caption{}\label{fig5}\end{figure}\paragraph{${NP}_i$ and $v_{EDS}$ are random value produced by MATLAB.}\begin{table}[htbp]\centering\caption{}\begin{tabular}{*{11}c}\myhline{0.4mm}$\mathbf{\Deltat(\min)}$&\textbf{2}&\textbf{4}&\textbf{6}&\textbf{8}&\textbf{10}&\textbf{12}&\textbf{14} &\textbf{16}&\textbf{18}&\textbf{20}\\\myhline{0.4mm}$N_{EDS}(\ge)$&15&22&21&21&15&17&21&16&13&14\\\hline$H_{peak}(\min)$&20&40&60&80&100&120&140&160&180&200\\\myhline{0.4mm}\end{tabular}\label{tab4}\end{table}We assume that the suitable value of $H_{peak}$ is 120 minutes.Then the suitable value of $\Delta t$ is about 12 minutes, and$N_{EDS}$ is 17 judging from Figure \ref{fig6}. Certainly, we canwork $\Delta t$ and $N_{EDS}$ out through equation.\begin{figure}[htbp]\centering\includegraphics[width=294.6pt,totalheight=249.6pt]{fig06.eps}\caption{}\label{fig6}\end{figure}\subsubsection{Interpretation:}By analyzing the results above, we can conclude that when$N_{EDS}$ is 29, and $\Delta t$ is 12, the flight schedule willmeet requirement at any time. The flight schedule is:\\[\intextsep]\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\centering\tabcaption{}\begin{tabular}{c|*{8}c|c|c}\myhline{0.4mm}\backslashbox{\textbf{Set}}{\textbf{Type}}&\textbf{1}&\textbf{2}&\textbf{3}&\textbf{4}&\te xtbf{5}&\textbf{6}&\textbf{7}&\textbf{8}&\textbf{Numbers of Bags}&\textbf{Numbers of Flights}\\\myhline{0.4mm}1&2&0&0&0&2&1&0&0&766&5\\\hline2&2&0&2&0&2&0&0&0&732&4\\\hline3&0&1&1&1&2&0&0&0&762&4\\\hline4&0&1&0&0&2&1&0&0&735&4\\\hline5&0&1&0&0&2&1&0&0&735&5\\\hline6&2&0&0&0&1&0&0&1&785&5\\\hline7&2&0&0&0&2&0&1&0&795&5\\\hline8&0&1&0&0&2&1&0&0&735&4\\\hline9&2&0&0&0&2&1&0&0&766&5\\\hline10&0&0&0&2&2&0&0&0&758&5\\\hlineTotal&10&4&3&3&19&5&1&1&7569&46\\\myhline{0.4mm}\end{tabular}\label{tab5}\end{minipage}\\[\intextsep]We have produced random value for ${NP}_i$ and $v_{EDS}$. On thiscondition, the number of EDSs is 17, which is less than 29 that wedecide for the airport A. That is to say our solution can meet thereal requirement.\subsubsection{Airport B:}\paragraph{The passenger load is 100{\%}}The checking speed of EDS is 160 bags/hour.\begin{table}[htbp]\centering。

[程序员小助手] Emacs，最强编辑器，没有之一[程序员小助手] Emacs，最强编辑器，没有之一程序员联盟2015-06-04 00:18内容简介1、Emacs简介2、Emacs三个平台的安装与配置3、自动补全插件4、小编的Emacs配置文件5、常用快捷方式6、和版本控制系统的配合（以SVN为例）【程序员小助手】系列在这个系列文章中（不定期更新），小编会把这些年（也没几年）的编程学习和工作中使用到的个人感觉非常好的软件推荐给大家，希望能够共享美好资源，使大家提高编程和办事效率。

Emacs，最强编辑器，没有之一小编知道，此标题一出，肯定会遭受广大群众“诟病”，说不好还会被其他编辑器的粉丝暗地里“干掉”。

比如，Vim 编辑器的粉丝可能就会来“踢馆”，VS或Eclipse的粉丝也兴许会“群起而攻”，但是小编只是表达一下自己的感受，请拍砖的时候轻一点，鸡蛋少扔几个，如果扔的鸡蛋多也请多扔几个番茄过来，这样我可以做番茄炒蛋，谢谢。

对于很多人来说，使用Vim和Emacs，不仅是提升“逼格”的方式，更是上升到“信仰”的层面，夸张吧。

当然这和宗教信仰不一样，只是一种可爱的“偏执”而已。

Emacs实在能做很多事，不要认为它就只是一个文本编辑器，它可以说是一个整合环境，或可称它为“集成开发环境”，它还可以做以下事情：上网，浏览网页看视频收发邮件调试程序，结合GDB，EDebug等。

支持C/C++，Perl，Python，Lisp等等玩游戏计算器记日记管理日程，Task，ToDo，约会等个人信息管理目录管理文件比较阅读info和man文档等等小编以前在Linux 下编写代码是使用Vim编辑器的，也非常强大，但是自从2014年接触到Emacs之后，就爱上了Emacs（fall in love with Emacs），Vim虽然有时还会用到，但是大部分时间编写代码还是用的Emacs。

一开始我不知道为什么Emacs如此优美又强大，直到后来阅读了《黑客与画家》这部经典著作（硅谷创业教父Paul Graham 保罗·格雷厄姆所写，其实也就是他的一些日志汇编而成），里面讲述了Lisp语言的强大和优美，而Emacs就是用Lisp语言编写的，怪不得。

latex 使用方法LaTeX 使用方法LaTeX是一种专业的排版系统，用于生成高质量的科技和数学文档。

本文将介绍LaTeX的使用方法，包括安装、编辑、编译和生成文档等方面。

一、安装LaTeX要使用LaTeX，首先需要安装TeX发行版，例如TeX Live或MiKTeX。

这些发行版提供了LaTeX的核心程序和必要的宏包。

在安装过程中，可以选择安装其他相关工具和编辑器。

二、编辑LaTeX文档LaTeX文档是以.tex为扩展名的纯文本文件。

可以使用任何文本编辑器来编辑LaTeX文档，例如Notepad++、Sublime Text或TeXworks等。

LaTeX文档由预定义的命令和普通文本组成。

命令通常以反斜杠（\）开头，后跟命令名和参数。

例如，\section{Introduction}表示一个章节标题。

三、编译LaTeX文档完成编辑后，需要将LaTeX文档编译为可阅读的PDF、DVI或PS格式。

编译过程通常包括多个步骤，例如生成辅助文件、解析源代码和生成目标文件等。

LaTeX提供了许多编译工具，例如pdflatex、xelatex和lualatex 等。

选择合适的编译器并执行编译命令，即可生成最终的文档。

四、生成文档编译成功后，可以在输出目录中找到生成的文档文件。

使用PDF阅读器打开PDF文件，即可查看最终结果。

可以通过打印或分享文档来传播自己的作品。

除了生成PDF文件，LaTeX还支持生成其他格式的文档，例如HTML、EPUB和Beamer等。

根据需要选择合适的输出格式。

五、高级技巧LaTeX提供了许多高级功能和技巧，可以帮助用户更好地排版文档。

以下是一些常用的技巧：1. 使用宏包：LaTeX提供了丰富的宏包，可以扩展其功能。

可以根据需要引入不同的宏包，例如graphicx用于插入图片，amsmath用于数学公式等。

2. 定制样式：LaTeX允许用户自定义文档的样式和布局。

可以通过定义新的命令、环境和页面设置来实现样式定制。

emacs高级用法一、Emacs基本用法1. Emacs is a super - powerful text editor. I can just open it up and start typing away like I'm pouring my thoughts onto a digital canvas. For example, if I want to write a simple note, I open Emacs, and it's like stepping into a blank room where I can arrange my words however I like. “Emacs就像一个超级强大的文本编辑器。

我只要打开它就可以开始输入，就好像把我的想法倾倒在数字画布上一样。

例如，如果我想写一个简单的便签，我打开Emacs，这就像是走进一个空白的房间，我可以随心所欲地排列我的文字。

”2. One of the basic things in Emacs is moving around. I use the arrow keys, but there are also these cool shortcuts. It's like having a secret passageway in a maze. For instance, Ctrl - f moves the cursor forward one character. “Emacs的基本操作之一就是移动光标。

我可以使用方向键，但也有一些很酷的快捷键。

这就像是在迷宫里有一条秘密通道。

例如，Ctrl - f可以将光标向前移动一个字符。

”3. Saving a file in Emacs is a piece of cake. I just hit Ctrl - x Ctrl - s. It's as easy as closing a box after you put something in it. “在Emacs 中保存文件很容易。