国际航运业务与函电复习提纲

国际航运业务英语与函电考试范围及题型一、缩略语（10题共20分）Shipping documents1.B/N: booking note托运单2.S/O: shipping order装货单、关单、下货纸3.M/R: mate's receipt收货单、大副收据4.B/L: bill of lading提单5.L/L: loading list装货清单6.M/F: manifest载货清单、舱单7.F/M: freight manifest载货运费清单、运费舱单8.D/O: delivery order提货单Charter party1.LOA: length overall船长2.GRT: gross registered tonnage总注册吨3.NRT: net registered tonnage净注册吨4.DW: deadweight载重5.MOLOO: more or less at owner's option船东选择或多或少6.OSB: one safe berth一个安全泊位7.OSP: one safe port一个安全港口8.FIO: free in and out出租人（船方）不负担装卸费9.FI: free in出租人不负担装货费用10.FO: free out出租人不负担卸货费用11.LIFO: liner in, free out出租人负担装货费用，但不负担卸货费用12.FILO: free in, liner out出租人不负担装货费用，但负担卸货费用13.FIOST: free in and out, stowed and trimmed出租人不负担装卸费用、积载及平舱费用14.WWDSHEX-UU: weather working days Sundays and holidays excepted, unless used晴天工作日，星期天和节假日除外，除非已使用15.WWDSHEX-EIU: weather working days Sundays and holidays excepted, even if used晴天工作日，星期天和节假日除外，即使已使用16.CQD: customary quick dispatch按港口习惯速遣、按港口习惯尽快装卸17.DHD: dispatch half demurrage速遣费是滞期费的一半18.C/P: charter party租船合同，租约19.M/T: metric ton公吨二、短语翻译（20题共20分）1.提货take delivery of the cargo2.与你方结账settle the account with you3.向我方报价quote us your freight rate4.运费率freight rate5.航班frequency of sailing6.航期transit time7.加载货additional cargo8.随行就市be subject to market fluctuation9.预付运费freight prepaid10.亏舱broken space/stowage11.扫舱sweep the cargo hold/hold sweeping12.改航diversion13.卸载报告outturn report14.退关货shut out cargo15.转船货transshipped cargo16.克尽职责exercise due diligence17.易腐货perishable cargo18.固有的特性inherent nature19.装载疏忽negligence in stowage20.原残original damage21.工残stevedore damage22.通风不良insufficient ventilation23.有举证责任bear the burden of proof24.对……提出投诉lodge/file a complaint against sb for sth25.建立业务关系establish business relationship26.港口使费port disbursements/port dues and charges27.委托代理agency appointment28.代理费agency fee29.揽货canvass/solicit cargo30.进港指南guide to port entry31.为进出口货载办理报手续续attend to customs declaration formalities for inward and outward shipments32.货运单证shipping document33.免除公司责任relieve the company of responsibility34.货物查询单cargo tracer35.货物溢短单overlanded/shortlanded cargo list36.保赔协会P&I club37.倒签提单anti-dated bill of lading38.已装船提单shipped/on board bill of lading39.备运提单received for shipment bill of lading三、句子翻译（5题共20分）1. P25III致亚丁湾（port of Aden）"ABC"船务代理行代理先生：申请验船师请您安排劳氏（Lloyd's）验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等（deck fittings）在本次航次从新加坡至亚丁途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。

Shipping space 舱位Freight rate 运价Frequency of sailing 船期Charter hire 租金Quotation报价Tariff 运费表Telex 电传Shipping form 货运单Transshipment 转船Layday：受载期Cancelling date：解约日Lighterage：驳运费Stevedore：装卸工人Demurrage: 滞期Dispatch：速遣Commission：佣金Consignment 货物Inclusive rate 包揽运费率Large shipment 大宗货物Premium 保险费Bad stowage 积载不良Broken space 亏舱Overstowage 爆舱Full and complete stowage 满仓满载Take delivery of cargo 提货Replenish bunker 加燃油Settle the account with you 与你方结账Shipping application/booking note 托运单Additional cargo 加载货Be subject to market fluctuation 随行就市Mail under separate cover 另函邮寄Freight prepaid 运费预付freight to collect 到付运费fixture note 订租确认书Laytime Statement of Facts 装卸时间事实记录for your perusal 供审阅Notice of Readiness 装卸准备就绪通知书stipulated laydays 规定的受载期on the basis of mutual agreement 根据双方协议make reference to Time Sheet 参照装卸时间表floating crane 浮吊steaming time 航行时间pilot station 引航站night navigation夜间导航all purposes 装卸共用时间reversible laydays 可调剂使用的装卸时间pro rata of a day 不足一天按比例general introduction 期租指令customs inspection海关检查immigration inspection 移民局检查边检quarantine 检验检疫port disbursements/port dues and charges 港口使费agency appointment委托代理canvass/solicit cargo 揽货port particulars 港口细则fumigation and disinfection(消毒) 熏舱attend to Customs Declaration formalities for inward and outward shipments,为进出口货载办理报关手续manifest in triplicate一式三份舱单cargo tracer货物查询overlanded/shortlanded cargo list 货物溢/短单non-negotiable B/L不可转让提单claimant索赔人debit note 借项通知单protection and indemnity (P & I) club,保赔协会anti-dated/back-dated B/L 倒签提单shipped/on board B/L, 已装船提单received for shipment B/L, 备运提单marine fraud, 海运欺诈out of proportion to its importance 与他的重要性不相称hold sweeping 扫舱diversion; 改航outturn report; 卸载报告shut out cargo;退关货transshipped cargo; 转船货lashing and securing; 绑扎和紧固the stowage factors to be considered; 要考虑的积载因素insufficient ventilation 通风不良packing list,装箱单statement of claim,索赔清单lack of due diligence 失职customs of the trade,本行业习惯way ports, 中途港claim release, 索赔结案书prima facie evidence,初步证据without prejudice,以不妨碍缩写：CGO: cargoLDG: loadingTKS/B/RGDS: thanks and best regardsA/C ACCT : accountA/O : and/orA/R : all risksAA : always afloat 在海上AAR : against all risksACC : acceptance / acceptedACDG: accordingACOL: after completion of loadingADD: address/ additionalADV: adviseAFMT : after fixing main termsAFSP : arrival first sea pilotAGT：agentAGW : all going wellANCH : anchorage 锚地ANS ：answerAOB ：as on boardAOH : after office hoursARND : aroundARNG: arrangeARR : arriveASF ：as followsATDN ：any time day or nightABS :American bureau of shipping 美国船级协会P.O.B: post office boxETC：estimated time of completionETA: estimated time of arrivalWWDSHEX: whether working days，Sundays holidays excepted CQD :Customary Quick Despatch按港口习惯快速装卸C/P：charter party租船合同COA: contract of affreightment 运输合同Blt：builtLoa：length over all 船长TPC: tons per centimeter 每公分吨数WOG: without guranteeDIOT: day include over timeBOD: bunker on deliveryCHRTS: charterersILOHC：lieu of hold cleaning 扫舱包干费HSFO? LSFO?RCV: receiveDLY: delayADDCOM :address commission 租船佣金DLOSP：Dropping last outward sea pilot 最后出港海区引航员下船FIOS：free in ,out and stowed船方不负责装卸、堆装费TCT ：Time charter Trip 航次期租D/P: Document against Payment付款交单LOI：letter of indemnity保函WIFPON: whether in free pratigue or not 是否通过检疫InquiryWe have ready for shipment from..to..Would you please quote your rate for…XX M.V. is due to sail on 25th july…I look forward to receiving your reply.ReplyThank you for your inquire of 30th june，2012.We wish to inform you thatWe shall be glad to book…Please complete and return it asap.Please advise 请告知L4 enquire and reply1. We shall have a consignment of 500 cases of bicycles for shipment from Shanghaito Bombay. Please quote us your freight rate including dockage (wharfage),lighterage, unloading charge and other expenses.2. The M.V. “Tai He” of our company is due to leave Shanghai for Lisbon on 5thOctober. Please fax us your instructions without delay if you have any consignment to be shipped by this vessel.3.This is to inform you that we are able to reserve as requested sufficient space foryour cargo. You are kindly requested to complete the shipping application and send it duly to us in exchange for our Shipping Order, but the freight must be prepaid. 4.With regard to the accommodation for the additional cargo as requested in your letter dated 4th of this month, we wish to inform you that the M.V. “ABC” has no more space allotted for that cargo. We regret that we cannot do what you wish.5.The main advantages of container serve are : easy handling of cargo; less risk of cargo damage or loss; low freight and prompt delivery. Especially, the development of “Multimodal Container Transport” system provides a highly efficient mode of cargo transport.L9 port regulations and agencies1. Owing to the rapid development of the trade between our two countries, we are sure thatmore ships of our company will call at your port and other ports of yourcountry in future.2. We appreciate that the particulars of your port we required may cause you some extra work,for which we feel much regret.3. Your letter of 24th May has been duly received. After careful consideration we havedecided to appoint you formally as our ship’s agents in Port of Libreville.4. Enclosed please find a draft of “Agency Agreement” for your perusal and kindly inform uswhether you agree or not to all the provisions therein.5. To facilitate our consideration of the demand/requirements you made, please let us knowthe status of your company and scope of your business activities.6. We greatly appreciate your offer to act as our ship’s agents at the port of Algiers.As we have already had our long time agents at the said port, we are very sorry that we are not prepared at present to appoint another one.7. Vessel must confirm her ETA at the specified Pilot Boarding Ground to the port authority twoto three hours before arrival.L10 shipping document1.Under Clause 8 of this bill of lading, if the goods are not taken delivery of by the Receiver(Consignee) from alongside the vessel without delay, or if the Receiver (consignee) refuses to take delivery of the goods, or in case there are unclaimed goods无人认领货物, the Carrier shall be at liberty to有权land such goods on shore岸or any other proper places at the sole risk and expense of the Receiver/ shipper. ( Merchant)2.We wish to draw your attention to the fact that (to remind you that) no clean B/L will beissued in case the cargo coming for shipment is in damaged condition.3.It is a standing rule in shipment that a remark on the damaged cargo put/noted in the B/Lat the time of loading does not relieve the carrier of the responsibility for any damage to other cargo thus incurred.4.No Letter of Indemnity is to be accepted without our prior consent.未经我们事先同意5.We hereby agree to pay on demand即期支付any claim that may occur on the saidshipment and we indemnify you and/or your ship-owner harmless against any consequences that may arise from your practice.6.At the shipper’s request we hereby authorize you to issue the Anti-dated B/L to the shipperagainst the Letter of indemnity on condition that the shipper provides the Letter of Indemnity and that the cargo has been in your custody.L3 applicationDear Sir/AgentRe: Application for SurveyorsWould you be kind enough to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to come on board my vessel as s oon as possible to inspect and verify the extent of the damage to our deck fittings etc. whichoccurred during the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden. Pl ease also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.Your immediate attention to this matter will be much appreciated.L13 charter party(1)滞期通知书This will serve to remind you that M.V. “China Sea” which arrived at this port on 10th June from London, is now discharging cargo at Dock/Wharf No. 9 and will have reached the end of her stipulated laydays at 1500 hrs of this month.In accordance with the charter party dated 12th November, 19xx , demurrage will commence from that time and will be calculated at the sum of £ 500 per day, or pro rata for part of a day.It is expected to note that you will pay the demurrage in time if the laytime is extended.(2)Your letter FD-HY/93 dated 5th April has been duly received. With reference to the dispatch money of M.V. Noelle, from which steel bars were discharged at Shanghai, we clarified our views in our letter Ref. No.324 dated 18th March that on behalf of China Minmetals Imp & Exp Corp, we settled the accounts with you under Sate Contract 2FEE09019D. All the accounts were settled under the terms of the said Sale Contract except daily rate of Dispatch money/Demurrage calculated under the C/P, of which you will have a better understanding.Enclosed please find two copies of our Statement of Account for check. If you have any objection异议, please don’t hesitate to let us know by reply.L7 cargo work1.Such being the case, the marks on the consignment are unclear, the ship will not beresponsible for any consequences arising therefrom.2.you may rest assured that we will take all possible precautions against any damage to cargoin transit and cargo handling3.I regret to inform you that 300 bags of rice were shut out for the lack of (insufficient) space,which had been caused by our incorrect statement. Our ship will be responsible for all expenses incurred.4.As you are well aware, the weight of these heavy lifts is far beyond the lifting capacity of theship’s facilities. Kindly contact the harbour administration/ port authority as soon as possible to arrange a shore crane for discharge.5.The shipper shall, before the shipment of the dangerous goods, furnish the shipowner ormaster with a “Dangerous Goods Declaration”, stating the said goods have been properly packed, marked and labelled in accordance with IMDG Code.6.The stevedores handled the goods in such a way that the mix-up of parcels is inevitable.L15 CLAIMS AND SETTLEMENTS1.The shortage of this consignment arrived is obviously caused by your careless mistake inpacking, which should have been avoided if you had given your due attention to the packing.Therefore, we reserve our right to lodge a claim for the said consignment.2.Upon perusal of the relevant documents, we are of the opinion that the said claimshould be rejected on the following grounds/for the following reasons.3.With reference to the claim you filed against us for the water damage to cargo in shipmentunder B/L HF175, we wish to offer 25% discount of the amount claimed to compensate for the loss you sustained. Please note that this is our maximum/farthest concessio n we can afford. Should you insist on your original claim, we would propose to submit the case to arbitration for final settlement.4.As 8 cases of bicycle parts overlanded were pilfered in large quantities in your warehouseand are not enough to offset those shortlanded in Rotterdam, we have to settle the case by paying US$ 1200 to the consignee as compensation. Please debit the said amount into our account.5.Obviously the said loss occurred during the transit when the cargo were under your custody.Therefore, we hold you liable for the loss amounting to 2500 USD.。

《外贸函电》复习重点（节选）《外贸函电》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业专科段必考课程和英语专业的选修课程，是一门融国际贸易业务与英语为一体的实用英语课。

我国已经加入了世界贸易组织，随国际商业往来的日益频繁，对本课程的学习需求与日俱增。

在国际贸易中，买卖双方通过洽商，就各项交易条件取得一致协议后，交易即告达成，买卖双方当事人即存在合同关系。

国际买卖合同的商订是整个交易过程中最重要的一个环节，虽然可以通过口头的方式进行，但实践中，主要是通过函电的方式进行。

1999年出台的《新合同法》第10条和第11条规定：当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。

书面形式是指合同书、信件以及数据电文（包括电报、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。

“函”是“封套”的意思，即是指信件，而“电”即是包括电报、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件等在内的数据电文的统称。

所以说，函电不仅是洽商国际买卖合同的手段，而且是签订国际买卖合同的主要形式之一。

虽然从狭义的角度讲，《外贸函电》课程属于英语课的范畴，但却有其明显的不同于一般的英语课程的特殊性。

外贸英语函电作为开展对外经济贸易业务和有关活动的重要工具，其课程的开设目的主要是为了让学生能系统地学习、掌握外贸英语函电，主要是书信体的行文结构、专业词汇及语言文体等特点，提高在日常对外经贸工作中正确地使用英语语言和进行对外各项业务联系和通讯活动的能力，以适应对外经济贸易发展的需要。

为了达成这一目的，教材内容按照国际贸易实务程序，涵盖建立业务关系、询价、报盘、外贸政策、还盘、谢绝还盘、确认订货、谢绝订货、实盘、虚盘、续订、形式发票、转交业务关系、支付方式、修改信用证、催开信用证、装运须知、信用证延期、装船、敦促立即装运、请求修改信用证、保险、装运、短重索赔、了结索赔、次品投诉、换货等实务流程，以书信为主体，每课均包括书信范本、生词与表达式、课文注释和课后练习等，旨在使学员了解对外贸易业务各个环节，同时学习和掌握英语在各个业务环节中的应用。

international business 国际商务economic integration经济一体化globalization of markets 市场全球化IMF 国际货币基金组织global financial system全球金融体系multinational company 跨国公司trade barrier 贸易壁垒GA TT 关税与贸易总协议market liberalization市场自由化emerging markets 新兴市场the globalization of capital资本全球化GNI国民总收入economic integration blocs经济一体化集团Coincide with 与......相符Foreign direct investment外国直接投资International portfolio investment国际证券投资Letter-head 信头Reference and date 编号与日期Inside name and address信内名称，地址Attention line 经办人Subject line 标题（事由）Complimentary close 结尾敬辞Carbon copy notation 抄送Identification line 辨认记号The second page第二页Trade with 经商，做买卖Trade in 经营（商品）deal indeal with 与...打交道,与...做生意,处理Commission house 提取佣金的商行Light industrial products 轻工产品State-operated corporation国营公司Joint venture 合资企业Deal exclusively in 独家经营Enjoy a high reputation享有很高的声誉Sister corporation 兄弟公司Supply sb. With sth.向某人供应某物Be assured of 使确信，使放心Get in touch with sb.与某人联系，接洽Do business with sb.与某人做贸易，成交Specific requirement 具体要求Through mutual efforts共同努力Equality and mutual benefit 平等互利In time 及时In turn 轮流地In short 总之Price list 价目单Cotton prints印花布Export terms 出口条款Fine in quality 质地优良Moderate in price 价格公道Novel in design 设计新颖Household electric appliance家用电器Energy-saving节能In order 妥当；整齐无误Make...to order 定做In good order 情况良好To one’s order以...为抬头，凭..指示Be subject to 以...为准By separate post 另邮Prompt shipment 即装Processing with supplied materials 来料加工Enquire for 询购某物Enquire about 打听某事Enquire into 调查Make sb an offer for 给某人报..的价格Sth be under offer 某商品在出售中The offer is firm for.....此报盘有效期为Make sb. an offer 向某人报盘Accept offer 接受报盘counter-offerRenew offer 恢复报盘还盘Decline offer 谢绝报盘Withdraw offer 撤销报盘Entertain offer 考虑报盘Non-firm offer 虚盘An offer without engagement 无约束性的报盘Wholesale price 批发价Gross price 毛价net price 净价Sell off 拍卖Sell out 卖完Repeat order 重复订购initial order初次订购Conditions of sales 销售条件A special allowance 特别折扣Subject to prior sale 以先售为条件Subject to change without notice 不经通知可以改变In cartons 装纸箱As per 按照Acknowledge receipt of 收到As a much lower price than 以比...低得多的价格Supply...from sock 供...现货Have...in stock 有...现货Out of stock 脱销With /in reference to... 关于For your reference 供你方参考Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Commercial invoice 商业发票Make up 制作，准备Confirming bank 保兑行Confirming house 保付商行Shipping instructions 装船提示Agree on(upon)... 就...达成一致The rough handling 野蛮装卸Bill of exchange 汇票Promissory note 本票Demand draft（D/D) 票汇Telegraphic transfer(T/T）电汇Mail transfer（M/T）信汇Remitting/paying bank 汇出行/汇入行Collecting bank 托收银行Documents against payment 付款交单Documents against acceptance(D/A）承兑交单Commercial bill 商业汇票Banker’s bill 银行汇票Sight bill 即期汇票Time bill 远期汇票Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Unconfirmed L/C 非保兑信用证Non-transferable L/C 不可转让信用证Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to back L/C 对背信用证Red clause L/C 红条款信用证Standby letter of credit 备用信用证Clean L/C 光票信用证Reimbursing bank 偿付行Advising/opening bank 通知行/开证行Negotiating bank 议付行Give commission on.....对...商品给佣金At a discount 打折In payment of 支付In duplicate/triplicate一式两份/三份Draw up a contract 起草合同draft a..Have a contract ready for signature备好合同签字Sign(close,enter into) a contract 签订..Execute a contract 履行合同U31.我们在平等互利的基础上与其他国家进行贸易。

国际航运业务英语与函电[资料] Lesson 11. Business letter have two purpose: to inform, and to organize2. The general principle for the effective business letter-writing can be summed up in the “three C`s”. in theother words, letters should be :clearness、conciseness、courtesy、correctness、completeness、consideration(the “you”attitude)Lesson 2A business letter in English generally consists of eight mainparts:1. Heading (Letterhead)2. Date :英(日月年);美(月日年)3. Inside Name and Address4. Salutation(称呼)5. Subject Line (Caption)6. Body of letter7. Complimentary CloseSalutation close英式:Dear Sirs/Sir/Madam yours faithfullyDear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith yours sincerely美式:Gentlemen sincerely/truly yours8. SignatureLesson 3 applicationsWhen you write an application letter, as a rule,The first step is to state you relevant information and requirements to the party concerned in clear andstraightforward sentence.The second step is to put in your request to them for assistance with courtesy.The last step is to express your desire that the above mentioned request will be fully complied with without delay.Lesson 5 personal injury and deathThe report of personal injury and death should include the following points:1. The exact time and place of the accident and identity of thepersona injured2. The conditions at the time of the accident and explanationof whether they brought about the accident3. Description of the accident and nature of injuries, statingthe treatment administered to the injured person on boardand/or shore4. Analysis of the cause of the accident, ascertaining wherethe responsibility lies5. Names of the witnesses to the accident, includingcrewmembers, if any, and a drawing or photograph of the areawhere the accident occurredLesson 7 cargo workThe chief officer should take into consideration the following principles in the handing of stowage and carriage of cargo1. The most efficient use of space:This is means that every cubic foot of ship`s space must be utilized to the best advantage and the broken stowage reduced to the minimum2. The highest possible port speedThe distribution of cargo in the holds must be such as to assist correct and speedy cargo handling. It is customary to stow the cargo in reverse order of the intended discharge to avoid rearrangements of the consignments, and will not affect the ship`s stability, trim or strength3. The safety of the cargo4. The safety of ship and crewLesson 8 cargo damageThere are various kinds of cargo damage:1. Original damage: is a damage to cargo, which originallyoccurred before the shipment.2. Stevedore damage: refers to the damage to cargo, whichoccurs as a result of rough handling of cargo by stevedoresat the handling or discharging port.3. Heavy weather damage: mainly refer to water damage to cargo,which often results form the heavy weather encountered bythe ship either in loading operation an dock or on the voyageat sea4. Sweat damage: sweat is condensation, which forms on theship`s side or on the surface of cargo within spaces due to the fluctuations of temperature on a long voyage5. Pilferage(theft): is one of the causes of cargo shortage orloss, which frequently occurs in loading or dischargingoperations6. Inherent nature or vice of goods:Lesson 9 port of regulations and agenciesGenerally, the business scope of a shipping agency includes the following:1. Attending to the procedures for ship`s entry into anddeparture form a port and arranging for pilotage , ship`sberthing, customs declaration formalities for inward andoutward shipment2. Arranging marine survey, ship`s repair and fumigation;cleaning and sweeping of cargo holds and supply of bunkers, fresh water, provisions, store, ect3. Arranging shipments, booking space, applying forsupervision of loading/discharge, inspection, testing,weighting or measuring of cargo4. Subject to authorization, signing bills of lading andissuing documents relevant to handing/taking over of cargoor containers and arranging settlements of cargo claims5. Attending to procedure for cargo operations, includingstuffing/unstuffing, transshipment and combinedtransportation of containers6. Attending to marine casualties and salvage; arrangingmedical treatment, replacement and repatriation forcrewmembers7. Attending to chartering, purchase/sale,delivery/redelivery and handing/taking over of ships;signing charter parties and purchase/sale contracts8. On behalf of entrusting parties, calculating and collectingfreight; attending to settlement of despatch money ordemurrageLesson 10 shipping documentsThe circulation of the relevant shipping documents can be illustrated as follows:1. The shipper (or consignor) makes an application to ashipping company or its agent for the shipment of goods byfilling up a booking note2. After the acceptance of booking note, the shipping companyissues a shipping order(S/O)to the shipper, advising him of when and where to deliver the goods alongside the named ship3. The shipper, on the strength of the S/O, goes through thecustoms declaration formalities for outward goods and getsthe goods ready for shipment4. The agent prepares a loading list for the ship according tothe S/O(counter-foil)5. The chief officer works out a stowage plant. A number of copies are sent to the tally company and stevedoring company through the agent for the arrangement of loading anddischarge6. The chief tallyman checks all goods loaded on board against the tally sheets and signs the S/O7. The chief officer, by reference to the tally, endorses the S/O, which then automatically becomes the mate`s receipt(M/R) to be issued to the shipper after loading8. After paying for the freight(prepaid), the shipper turns over the M/R to the shipping company or agent in exchangefor the B/L9. The shipper sends the B/L and other relevant documents to the bank for negotiation of payment10. The agent makes out for the ship a suitable number of copies of the export manifest (M/F) and freightmanifest(F/M), which are required by the customs at thelocal port as well as other port of call11. The consignee secures the B/L form the bank by effecting the payment for goods12. The consignee presents the B/L to the shipping companyor agent in exchange for the delivery order(D/O), by whichhe takes delivery of goods at the warehouseLesson 11 collision of ships1. Collision of ships, in term of fault liability, can be classified into three categories: collision caused by fault of one party, collision caused by mixed fault and collision caused by no fault2. A collision report including the following items:1) The exact time of collision2) The position, heading, and speed of each vessel at thetime of collision3) Weather conditions(e.g. visibility, wind, sea and swell,ect,)4) An estimate of angle of collision to the other vessel5) What actions taken by own vessel to avoid collision6) The extent of damage caused to both vessels and the cargoas far as known7) The names of witness to the collision8) General information (e.g. name, nationality, port ofregistry, voyage, ect.) of both vesselsLesson 13 charter party1. Charter parties are diversified into three principalcategories: voyage charter, time charter and bareboat (demise) charter2. The voyage charter is, in essence, a contract of affreightment covering the movement a particular cargo from one designated port to another, at a stipulated rate of freight (charter hire) for each ton ofthe goods actually transported. The shipowner is responsible for all details of vessel operation. The charterer, in addition to putting the cargo within reach of the loading gear, must arrange for the berthing places at port of loading and discharge, and quite often also must contract with stevedores to handle the cargo. Payment for the ship`s services must be made in accordance with the provisions of the charter-party3. The time charter is one under which the shipowner places the services of a ship at the disposal of the charterer for a specified period of time, or rather hires out to the charterer the entire shipping space of a ship for the carriage of cargo on time basis, Unlike the revenue earned under the voyage charter, which is calculated on the tonnage value of the cargo, the time charter hire is calculated on the carrying capacity of the ship plus running cost of the ship, excluding wages. So the larger the ship, the more thecharterer pays4. The bareboat (demise) charter is one under which the shipowner transfers operational control of the ship to the charterer. The vessel must be seaworthy and full equipped at the time she is delivered to the charterer. During the chartering period, the burden and responsibility of operation are assumed by the charterer. The shipowner periodically receives the agreed payment which, as in the time charter, is based upon the deadweight tonnage of the shipLesson 14 sea protest and general average1. A note of sea protest is a declaration or deposition by the master, made under oath, giving full particulars regarding heavy weather or other incident, which may have caused damage to the vessel or cargo during the voyage.2. A ship has met with any of the following circumstances in the course of the voyage, it is advisable for the master to note a sea protest:1) Whenever during the voyage ship encounters conditions ofwind and sea, which may result in damage to cargo2) When form any cause ship is damaged, or feared to bedamaged3) When through stress of weather it has not beenpracticable to adopt normal precautions in the matter ofventilation of perishable cargo4) When cargo is shipped in such a condition as likely tosuffer deterioration during the voyage (but, in this case,protest will not be effective unless B/L was endorsed toshow the condition of cargo at the time of shipment)5) In all case of General Average3. A general average acts when, and only when, anyextraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is voluntarily andreasonably made or incurred in the time of peril for thepurpose of preserving the property imperiled in the commonadventure.4. Particular average is a term applied to any accidental loss,less than a total loss of vessel and cargo, by a peril whichis not of a general average nature信函:(less3)Write a application to Immigration Office in the port of Yokohama, Japan, requesting twenty-four landing permits for the crew members of your ship on your arrival at thesaid port如下:M.V. “XXX”Port of Yokohama10 August, 2000The Immigration OfficePort of Yokohama, JapanDear Sirs,Re: Crew List VisaIn accordance with the regulations of Japan Government, any Chinese seamen in and with the ship sailing for a Japan port must get Crew List Visaed by the Japan Embassy or Consulate in the last port of call in order that they can get landing permits when the ship arrives at the Japan port.Manned with 24 Chinese seamen, my ship is bound for the port of Yokohama after completion of discharging at this port. I am hereby writing to ask you to take our Crew List to Japan Consulate for Visa, weenclose herewith 4 copies of Crew List and shall be must obliged if you would kindly management this matter without delay.Yours truly,(Signed)Master of M.V. “TAI HE”信函翻译:致亚丁港(port of Aden)“ABC”船务代理行代理先生:申请验船师请您安排劳氏(Lloyd`s)验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等(deck fitting)在本航次从新加坡至亚丁港途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。

1. We would like to receive your specific enquiry at an early date.望能早日收到你方具体询价单。

2. Our company is ready at any time to give you any assistance.我公司随时准备给你们提供任何帮助。

3. The goods cannot be sold at a discount(at retail/ at wholesale/ at auction ).这些货物不能打折（零售/批发/拍卖）出售。

4. The goods are to be loaded at Shanghai or Tianjian at seller’s option.货物在上海港或天津港装载，由卖方决定。

5. At your request we send you under cover a quotation sheet showing our lowest price for cotton.应你方要求，我们随函附上棉花最低报价单。

1. take delivery of cargo 提货2. replenish bunkers 加燃油3. settle the account with you 与你方结账4.quote us your rate 向我方报价5.freight rate运费率6.shipping application/booking note 托运单7.scheduled sailing 航班8.be attributable to 归因于9.sailing schedule 航期10.additional cargo 加载货11.be subject to change on account of the situation of the shipping market 随行就市12.mail under separate cover 另函邮寄13.freight prepaid 预付运费——freight (to) collect 运费到付14.conference tariff 公会运价表15.sail to schedule 按期开航16.broken space 亏舱1. We shall have a consignment of 500 cases of bicycles for shipment from Shanghai to Bombay. Please quote us your freight rate including dockage, lighterage, discharging and other costs.兹有一批自行车货物500箱由上海装运到孟买，请给我们报价包括码头费，驳船费，卸货及其他费用在内的运费率。

国际运输与保险考试提纲1.P4运输业的特点（1）运输业的生产是在生产过程之后的流通过程中进行的，它表现为生产过程在流通过程中的继续。

（2）在运输业生产过程中，不能生产出任何新的、有形的物质产品。

（3）运输通过使商品位置发生移动，使商品的交换价值增大，即在不改变商品数量和质量的条件下，使商品的价值量提高，这既是运输业的物质生产性。

2.P14我国对外贸易运输的要求（多选题）（1）树立为货主服务的观点，认真实现“安庆、迅速、准确、节省、方便”的要求。

（2）树立全局观点，加强与有关部门的配合与合作。

3.P17海上运输的特点（多选题）（1）运输量大（2）通过能力强（3）运费低廉（4）速度较慢（5）风险较大4.P19船舶吨位（选择题）（1）排水量吨位：重排水量吨位、轻排水量吨位、实际排水量吨位（2）载重吨位：总载重吨、净载重量（3）容积吨位：容积总吨、容积净吨5.P24班轮运输的特点（1）四固定：即固定的航线、固定的挂靠港口、固定的船期和相对固定的费率。

（2）货物装卸、配载由承运人负责，装卸费用包括在运价内，双方不计滞期费、速遣费。

（3）货主与承运人之间的权利、义务、责任、豁免以承运人签发的提单条款为依据。

6.P21方便旗船：指在外国登记、悬挂外国国旗并在国际市场上进行营运的船舶。

（名词解释）7.P25班轮运费（计算题）（1）按货物毛重W（2）按货物体积M（3）按货物的毛重或体积W/M8.P29提单的性质（1）提单证明海上运输合同成立（2）提单证明承运人已经接管货物或者已经将货物装船（3）提单构成承运人在货物运输目的地交付货物的保证9.P31提单的分类（多选题）（1）按照货物是否已经装船：已装船提单、备运提单（2）按照提单的抬头不同：记名提单、不记名提单、指示提单（3）按照提单有无批注：清洁提单、不清洁提单（4）按照运输方式不同：直达提单、转船提单、联运提单、多式联运提单（5）按照提单的格式不同：全式提单、简式提单（6）其他种类提单：倒签提单、预借提单、过期提单、甲板货提单、租船合同项下提单、运输代理行提单10.P32-33提示提单、不清洁提单（名词解释）（1）指示提单：指收货人一栏内填写“凭指示”或“凭XX指示”字样的提单（2）不清洁提单：指承运人明确地对有关货物包装状况不良或存在缺陷等情况加以批注的提单，目的是为了对抗收货人可能提出的索赔。

复习提纲一、单选题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1．《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的术语含义。

P16贸易术语是国际贸易发展到一定历史阶段的产物，它的出现又推动了国际贸易的发展。

因为他的出现和广泛应用，对于简化交易手续、缩短洽商时间和节约费用支出都发挥了重要作用。

2、询盘、发盘、还盘、议价的定义。

P32询盘：准备购买或者出售商品的人向潜在的供货人或买主探询该商品的成交条件或交易的可能性的一种行为，它不具备法律上的约束力。

发盘：是指买卖双方的一方向对方提出各项交易条件，并愿意按照这样的条件与对方达成交易、还盘:是受盘人对发盘内容不完全同意而提出的修改或变更。

还盘有时也成为“还价”议价：多次的发盘、还盘的反复，直到达到双方满意的条件位置3．国际货运代理的定义。

P46接受进出口货物收货人、发货人的委托，以委托人的名义或者以自己的名义，为委托人办理国际货物运输及相关业务并收取服务费用的行业。

4、国际物流网络中信息技术的基础技术。

信息流6．租船方式的定义。

P111又称为不定期船运输，是相对于班轮运输的另一种海上货物运输方式。

在租船运输中，既没有固定的船舶班期，也没有固定的航线和挂靠港，而是按照货运和货主对于货物运输的要求，安排船舶航行计划，组织货物运输。

7、清洁提单和不清洁提单的划分标准。

P109根据货物外表状况有无不良批注8、海运中运费吨的计算。

P1031公吨为1重量吨9、国际海运物流的国际法规及制定时间。

《中华人民共和国海商法》1993年7月1日10、我国境内最长的一条陆桥运输线。

亚欧大陆桥（p81）11、检验机构对进出口商品进行检验、鉴定后出具的书面证明文件是什么文件。

出口商品检验换证凭单12、海险的险种。

基本险：平安险、水渍险、一切险（P155）附加险：（1）偷窃、提货不着险（2）淡水雨淋险（3）短量险（4）渗漏险（5）混杂、沾污险（6）碰损、破碎险（7）串味险（8）受潮受热险（9）钩损险（10）包装破裂险（11）锈损险特殊附加险：（1）罢工险（2）战争险（3）交货不到险（4）进口关税险（5）舱面险（6）拒收险（7）黄曲霉素险（8）出口货物到港九或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款（p157-158）专门保险险别(1)海运冷藏货物保险（2）散装桐油保险（3）火牲畜、家禽运输保险13、实际全损、推定全损、共同海损、单独海损的定义。

外贸英语函电考试知识点一、建立业务关系1、建立业务关系的方式：通过银行、通过政府机关、通过专业展会、通过互联网等。

2、建立业务关系时要注意以下几点：(1)要注意给对方提供自我介绍时一定要详细、全面，要实事求是，不要夸大其词，否则会失去信任。

(2)由于世界上同名同姓的人很多，自我介绍完后，最好加以注明。

(3)对一些特殊的人或公司介绍时，最好加以说明。

(4)介绍信要写得清晰、明了。

3、自我介绍包括以下内容：公司名称、公司性质、公司规模、职工人数、主要产品及产品性能、主要生产设备等。

二、询盘1、询盘又称询价，指交易的一方准备购买或出售某种商品，向对方询问买卖该商品的有关交易条件。

2、询盘的内容可涉及：索取样品、产品目录、报价单等。

3、询盘的方法包括：、传真、函电和互联网等。

4、询盘的特点是：只是询问，不是交易。

5、询盘的分类：根据询盘是否涉及特定的交易条件，把询盘分为具体询盘和概括询盘两种。

6、具体询盘：询问具体的商品交易条件。

它又分为：询问商品的价格；询问购/售商品的数量；询问商品的规格、型号；询问包装方式和运输方式；询问交货期限和支付方式等。

7、概括询盘：不涉及具体的交易条件，只是询问商品的花色、品种、品牌等。

8、询盘的语气要客气、礼貌，不要有自卑感。

9、收到询盘后要尽快答复，以免耽误对方的工作。

如果不能及时回复对方的询盘，应告诉对方原因及何时能够回复。

10、回复对方的询盘时，首先应向对方表示感谢；其次要针对对方的询盘予以明确地回复。

如果无法满足对方的要求时，应向对方说明原因。

如果对方要求寄样品时，应尽快寄出，并告诉对方邮单号码，以便查收。

如果不能寄样品时，应向对方说明原因并询问是否可以提供同类商品的信息或介绍其他客户。

如果对方要求提供某种文件或资料时，应尽快提供，并告诉对方资料的内容和提供的方法和途径。

如果不能提供时，应向对方说明原因并询问是否可以提供其他资料或介绍其他客户。

如果对方要求报价时，应尽快报价，并说明价格中包含哪些费用及支付方式等细节。

EstablishingBusiness Relations句型1信息来源: 我们从………处得知………通过………..我们了解到………1、We learn your company from the Internet that you are one of the leading manufacturers in this line.我们从网上了解到贵公司是这一行业的主要生产商之一。

2、We owe your name and address from the Journal of Commerce.我们从《商业日报》得知贵公司的名称和地址。

3、Having had /obtained the name and address of your company from ABC trading Company ,we know that you deal in textiles.通过ABC贸易公司的介绍，我们得知贵公司的名称和地址，并获悉你方经营纺织品。

•承蒙贵国商会的介绍，我们得知贵公司想要购买丝绸制品。

•We owe your name and address to the Chamber of Commerce in your country who has informed us that you are in the market for silk product.•承蒙贵国商会的介绍，我们得知贵公司想要购买丝绸制品。

•We owe your name and address to the Chamber of Commerce in your country, through whom we learned that you are in the market for silk product.我们从中国企业名录获得的你方地址。

•We have obtained your address in the China Business Directory.•我们从这里的中国商会得知，贵方生产丝制产品。