MXG模拟和矢量信号发生器技术指标

信号的技术参数信号是指在电信领域中所传递的信息，可以是声音、图像、数据或者其他形式的信息。

信号传输的质量对通讯系统的性能至关重要，因此信号的技术参数具有重要的意义。

下面将详细介绍信号的技术参数，包括信号的类型、频率、带宽、幅度等方面。

一、信号的类型根据传输方式和形式的不同，信号可以分为模拟信号和数字信号两种类型。

1. 模拟信号：模拟信号是连续变化的信号，它的数值是连续的，可以用连续的数学函数来表示。

模拟信号可以是声音、电压、电流等形式的信号。

2. 数字信号：数字信号是离散的信号，它是用数字表示的信号，采用离散的数学函数表示。

数字信号可以是文本、图像、视频等形式的信号。

二、频率1. 信号的频率是指信号每秒钟的周期性变化次数，单位是赫兹（Hz）。

频率决定了信号波形的快慢，影响信号的传输速度和传输距离。

2. 在无线通信中，频率范围分为低频、中频、高频和超高频等不同范围，不同频段的信号在传输性能和覆盖范围上有所差异。

三、带宽1. 信号的带宽是指信号频谱的宽度，它是从频谱中心向两侧延伸至减小到零的频率范围，通常用赫兹（Hz）来表示。

2. 带宽决定了信号所能携带的信息量，带宽越宽，信号携带的信息量越大，传输速度越快。

四、幅度1. 信号的幅度是指信号的振幅大小，也就是信号的高低或者是信号的强弱。

在模拟信号中，幅度可以用电压、电流等物理量来表示；在数字信号中，幅度可以用数字大小表示。

以上就是关于信号的技术参数的详细介绍，其中包括了信号的类型、频率、带宽、幅度等方面的内容。

这些技术参数对于通信系统的设计和优化具有重要的意义，也对信号传输的质量和性能有着重要的影响。

1445B通信矢量信号发生产品综述1445B通信矢量信号发生器作为一款通用的射频矢量信号源，频率范围覆盖100kHz～6GHz，具有优良的频谱纯度和功率输出指标；支持CW信号、模拟与数字调制信号、全制式的通信标准信号以及NB-IoT、WiFi和蓝牙信号发生功能，支持用户自定义基带数据信号发生。

1445B既是理想的本振源和时钟源，也是高性能的矢量信号源，优良的信号质量可进行物联网模组、基站和射频元器件的研发、生产与认证等，适用于教学实验、航空航天、移动通信、国防军工及雷达天线等众多领域。

主要特点⚫频率覆盖范围：100kHz～6GHz；⚫功率输出范围：-120 dBm～+20 dBm；⚫蜂窝网通信标准信号：NB-IoT/IoT-G/5G NR/TDD-LTE/FDD-LTE/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/GSM/EDGE，为高质量移动通信物联网设备测试提供全面的解决手段；⚫非蜂窝网通信标准：WiFi802.11a/g/j/n/ac、蓝牙、LoRa；⚫丰富的数字调制格式：BPSK、QPSK、OQPSK、8PSK、16QAM、32QAM、64QAM、128QAM、256QAM等数字调制格式，用户可灵活配置不同调制方式及码元速率；⚫模拟调制功能：幅度调制、相位调制、频率调制、脉冲调制；⚫GPIB、LAN和USB等丰富程控接口，方便用户实现远程控制及网络升级。

基本功能数字调制数字调制是现代通信的重要方法，1445B可输出多种数字调制信号。

通信标准制式信号发生无线通信标准制式都具有标准的物理层结构，可根据标准产生各类标准制式信号。

NB-IoT标准信号发生5G NR标准信号发生LTE标准信号发生TD-SCDMA标准信号发生GSM标准信号发生物联网模块测试1445B可与5264B通信矢量信号分析仪组成物联网模组测试系统，支持WiFi、蓝牙和NB-IoT信号发生功能，可与物联网模组建立非信令连接，进行相应的射频测试及业务测试。

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1981AgilentN5183A M XG MicrowaveAnalog Signal GeneratorData SheetTable of ContentsDefinitions (3)Frequency (4)Amplitude (5)Spectral Purity (8)Analog Modulation (10)Frequency bands (10)Frequency modulation (10)Phase modulation (11)Amplitude modulation (11)Pulse modulation (12)Narrow pulse modulation (13)Internal analog modulation source (14)External modulation inputs (14)Simultaneous modulation (14)General Characteristics (18)Ordering Information (18)Archive (18)Related Literature (18)Application literature (18)Product literature (18)2DefinitionsSpecification (spec):Represents warranted performance of a calibrated instrumentthat has been stored for a minimum of 2 hours within the operating temperature rangeof 0 to 55 °C, unless otherwise stated, and after a 45 minute warm-up period. Thespecifications include measurement uncertainty. Data represented in this documentare specifications unless otherwise noted.Typical (typ):Represents characteristic performance, which 80% of the instrumentsmanufactured will meet. This data is not warranted, does not include measurementuncertainty, and is valid only at room temperature (approximately 25 °C).Nominal (nom): The expected mean or average performance, or an attribute whoseperformance is by design, such as the 50 Ω connector. This data is not warranted andis measured at room temperature (approximately 25 °C).Measured (meas): An attribute measured during the design phase for purposes ofcommunicating expected performance, such as amplitude drift vs. time. This data isnot warranted and is measured at room temperature (approximately 25 °C).Note: All graphs contain measured data from several units at room temperature unlessotherwise noted.3FrequencyRangeOption 520 100 kHz to 20 GHzOption 532 100 kHz to 31.8 GHzOption 540 100 kHz to 40 GHzMinimum frequency 100kHz1Resolution 0.01HzPhase offset Adjustable in nominal 0.01° incrementsFrequency switching speed2, 3Type Standard Option UNZSCPI mode≤ 5 ms≤ 1.15 ms, 750 µs (typ)List/Step sweep mode≤ 5 ms≤ 900 µs, 600 µs (typ)Stability± aging rate± temperature effects± line voltage effectsInternal time base< ±1 ppm/yrreference oscillatoraging rateTemperature effects± 1 ppm (typ) (0 to 55 °C)Line voltage effects± 0.1 ppm (nom)Line voltage range5% to –10% (nom)Reference outputFrequency 10MHzAmplitude ≥ +4 dBm (nom) into 50 Ω loadExternal reference inputFixed Variable (Option 1E R)Input frequency 10 MHz 1 to 50 MHzLock range ± 10 HzAmplitude > –3.5 to 20 dBm (nom)Impedance 50 Ω (nom)Digital sweepOperating modes Step sweep (equally or logarithmically spacedfrequency steps)List sweep (arbitrary list of frequency steps)Can also simultaneously sweep amplitude. Seeamplitude section for more detail.Sweep range Within instrument frequency rangeDwell time 100 μs to 100 sNumber of points 2 to 65535 (step sweep)1 to 1601 (list sweep)Step change Linear or logarithmicTriggering Free run, trigger key, external, timer, bus (GPIB, LAN, USB)Markers In step sweep mode, create up to 20 frequency markersDisplay Z-axis or RF amplitude pulseFunctions M1 to center, M1/M2 to start/stop, marker delta1. Performance below 250 kHz is unspecified, except as indicated.2. Time from receipt of SCPI command or trigger signal to within 0.1 ppm of final frequency or within100 Hz, whichever is greater, and amplitude settled to within 0.2 dB.3. Specification does not apply when switching to or from frequencies < 500 kHz, when ALC level is< –5 dBm for Option 540 or < 0 dBm for Option 520, or when frequency crosses 0.002, 0.02, 0.1, 2.0, 3.2,20.0, 25.6, or 32.0 GHz.45Maximum output power 1 Range Standard 2 Option 1EA 3 Option 520100 to 250 kHz+11+14> 250 kHz to 3.2 GHz +11+15> 3.2 to 20 GHz +11+18Options 532 and 540100 to 250 kHz +11+14250 kHz to 3.2 GHz +7+14> 3.2 to 17 GHz +7+15> 17 to 31.8 GHz +7+13> 31.8 to 40 GHz+7+12Minimum output powerStandard –20 dBm Option 1E1 –90 dBm 4Amplitude1. Quoted specifications between 15 and 35 °C. Maximum output power typically decreases by 0.2 dB/ °C for temperatures outside this range.2. Settable power +2 dB higher than specified.3. Settable power +30 dBm.4. Settable to –130 dBm .Maximum available power Option 520 with Option 1EA (measured)15161718192021222324250200040006000800010000120001400020000Frequency (MHz)A m p l i t u d e (dB m )26271600018000Maximum available power Option 540 with Option 1EA (measured)15161718192021222324250500010000150002000025000300003500040000Frequency (MHz)A m p l i t u d e (dB m )6Resolution 0.01 dB Step attenuator 0 to 115 dB in 5 dB steps(Option 1E1)Amplitude –15 to maximum specified output power with step attenuator hold rangein 0 dB. Can be offset using Option 1E1 mechanical attenuator.Amplitude switching speed 1, 2TypeSCPI mode 2 ms (typ)List/Step sweep mode 2 ms (typ)Absolute level accuracy [dB]3, 4Frequency range –20 to < –10 dBm –10 to +10 dBm> +10 dBm 250 kHz to 2 GHz ±1.4±0.6±0.62 to 20 GHz ±1.3±0.9±0.920 to 40 GHz ±1.3±0.9±1.0Absolute level accuracy with Option 1E1 (dB)4Frequency range –90 to < –75 dBm –75 to < –10 dBm –10 to +10 dBm> +10 dBm 250 kHz to 2 GHz ±1.4±0.7±0.6±0.62 to 20 GHz ±1.6±1.0±0.9±0.920 to 40 GHz ±2.0±1.1±0.9±1.01. Time from receipt of SCPI command or trigger signal to amplitude settled within 0.2 dB.2. Specification does not apply when switching from and to amplitudes where ALC levels are < –5 dBm for Option 540 or < 0 dBm for Option 520.3. Level accuracy applies from –20 dBm to maximum output power between 15 °C and 35 °C.4. For temperatures outside this range, absolute level accuracy degrades by 0.01 dB/degree C forfrequencies ≤ 4.5 GHz and 0.02 dB/degree C for frequencies > 4.5 GHz. For instruments with Type-N connectors (Option 1ED), specifications are degraded typically 0.2 dB above 18 GHz. Specifications do not apply above the maximum specified power.Measured level accuracy Options 520 & 540 at –90 dBm–1–0.8–0.6–0.4–0.200.20.40.60.810500010000150002000025000300003500040000Frequency (MHz)L e v e l a c c u r a c y (d B )Temperature stability0.01 dB/°C (typ) for temperatures < 20 °C or > 30 °C User flatness correctionNumber of points 2 to 1601Number of tables 10000 maximum; dependent on available free memory ininstrumentEntry modes USB/LAN direct power meter control, LAN to GPIB andUSB to GPIB, remote bus and manual USB/GPIB powermeter controlSWR 100 kHz to 20 GHz 1.6:1 (typ)> 20 to 40 GHz 1.8:1 (typ)Leveling modes Internal, external detector, ALC off, searchExternal detector leveling1Range –0.2 mV to –0.5V (nom)Bandwidth 10 kHz (typ)Digital sweep modesOperating modes Step sweep (evenly spaced amplitude steps)List sweep (arbitrary list of amplitude steps)Can also simultaneously sweep frequency. See frequencysection for more detail.Sweep range Within instrument amplitude rangeDwell time 100 μs to 100 sNumber of points 2 to 65535 (step sweep)1 to 1601 (list sweep)Step change LinearTriggering Free run, trigger key, external, timer, bus (GPIB, LAN, USB)1. Not intended for pulsed operation.78Single sideband phase noise (at 20 kHz offset from carrier)Frequency range dBc/Hz dBc/Hz (typ)250 kHz to < 250 MHz –113–116250 to < 375 MHz –125 –128375 to < 750 MHz –119 –122750 MHz to < 1.5 GHz –113 –1161.5 to < 3.0 GHz –107 –1103.0 to < 6.0 GHz –101 –1046.0 to < 12.0 GHz –95 –9812.0 to < 24.0 GHz –89 –9224.0 to 40.0 GHz–83–86Spectral PuritySSB Phase Noise–170–160–150–140–130–120–110–100–90–80–70–60–50–40–30–20–1001010010001000010000010000001E+071E+08L(f) [dBc/Hz] vs. f [Hz]AM noise at 10 GHz–170–160–150–140–130–120–110–100–90–80–70–60–50–40–30–201010010001000010000010000001E+071E+08M(f) (dBc/Hz) vs. f(Hz)Residual FM (CW mode, 0.3 to 3 kHz bandwidth, CITT, RMS)< N*5Hz (typ)Broadband noise CW mode at +10 dBm or maximum specified outputpower, whichever is lower for offsets > 10 MHz0.25 to 10 GHz –145 dBc/Hz (typ)10 to 20 GHz –135 dBc/Hz (typ)20 to 40 GHz –130 dBc/Hz (typ)Harmonics (dBc)1250 kHz to 2 GHz –28 (–30 typ)> 2 to 20 GHz –54 (–60 typ)> 20 to 40 GHz –56 (typ)Non-harmonics (dBc)1, 2250 kHz to 250 MHz –62 (–89 typ)> 250 to 375 MHz –68 (–86 typ)> 375 to 750 MHz –57 (–74 typ)> 750 MHz to 1.5 GHz –54 (–70 typ)> 1.5 to 3.2 GHz –54 (–68 typ)> 3.2 to 6 GHz –47 (–63 typ)> 6 to 12 GHz –41 (–57 typ)> 12 to 24 GHz (–50 typ)> 24 to 40 GHz (–45 typ)Subharmonics (dBc)1250 kHz to 1.5 GHz None> 1.5 GHz to 20 GHz –53> 20 to 40 GHz –501. CW mode at +10 dBm or maximum specified output power, whichever is lower.2. Non-harmonics specifications apply to units with serial numbers ending with 49060000 or greater.For units with lower serial numbers, refer to the archive section at the end of this document.9Analog Modulation Frequency bands1Frequency N100 kHz to < 250 MHz1250 to < 375 MHz0.250375 to < 750 MHz0.500750 to < 1.5 GHz11.5 to < 3.0 GHZ23.0 to < 6.0 GHz46.0 to < 12.0 GHz812.0 to < 24.0 GHz1624.0 to 40 GHz32Frequency modulation(Option UNT)Maximum deviation N x 10 MHz (nom)Resolution 0.1% of deviation or 1 Hz, whichever isgreater (nom)Deviation accuracy< ± 2% + 20 Hz1 kHz rate, deviation is N x 50 kHzModulation frequency response (at 100 kHz deviation)1 dB bandwidth 3 dB bandwidthDC coupled DC to 3 MHz (nom)DC to 7 MHz (nom)AC coupled 5 Hz to 3 MHz (nom) 5 Hz to 7 MHz (nom)Carrier frequency accuracy< ±0.2% of set deviation + (N x 1 Hz)2relative to CW in DCFM < ±0.06% of set deviation + (N x 1 Hz) (typ)3Distortion< 0.4%1 kHz rate, deviation is N x 50 kHzSensitivity when usingexternal input +1V peak for indicated deviation (nom)1. N is a factor used to help define frequency and phase modulation specifications within the document.2. Specification valid for temperature changes of less than ± 5° C since last DCFM calibration.3. Typical performance immediately after a DCFM calibration.10Modulation deviation and frequency response:Max deviation 3 dB bandwidthNominal bandwidth N x 5 radians (nom)DC to 1 MHz (nom)High bandwidth mode N x 0.5 radians (nom)DC to 4 MHz (nom)Resolution0.1% of deviationDeviation accuracy < +0.5% + 0.01 rad (typ)1 kHz rate, normal bandwidth modeDistortion < 0.2% (typ)1 kHz rate, deviation normal bandwidth modeSensitivity when usingexternal input +1V peak for indicated deviation (nom) Amplitude modulation1(Option UNT)ExponentialAM Depth L inear Maximum settable 90% 20 dB Resolution 0.1% of depth (nom) 0.01 dB (nom) Accuracy (1 kHz rate) < ±4% of setting <±(4% of setting+ 1% (typ) + 0.2 dB) (typ)Modulation rate (3 dB bandwidth, 30% depth)DC coupled 0 to 10 kHz (typ)AC coupled 5 Hz to 10 kHz (typ)Distortion (1 kHz rate, 30% depth) < 2.0% (typ)Sensitivity when usingexternal input +1V peak for indicated depth (nom)1. AM is specified at carrier frequencies > 2 MHz, ALC on, and when AM envelope does not exceed maxpower or go below –15 dBm for Option 520 or –20 dBm for Option 540.On/Off ratio > 80 dB (typ)2Rise time < 50 ns (typ)Fall time < 50 ns (typ)Minimum widthALC on ≥ 2 μs (typ)ALC off ≥ 500 ns (typ)Resolution 20 ns (nom)Pulse repetition frequencyALC on DC to 500 kHzALC off DC to 2 MHzLevel accuracy < 1 dB (typ)(relative to CW, ALC on or off)Video feedthrough < 350 mV (typ)Pulse overshoot < 15% (nom)Pulse compression 15 ns (typ)Pulse delayRF delay (video to RF output) 10 ns (nom)Video delay (ext input to video) 30 ns (nom)External inputInput impedance 50 ohm (nom)Level +1 Vpeak = ON (nom)Internal pulse generatorModes Free-run, square, triggered, adjustable doublet,trigger doublet, gated, and external pulse Square wave rate 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz, 0.1 Hz resolution (nom)Pulse period 500 ns to 42 seconds (nom)Pulse width 500 ns to pulse period – 10 ns (nom)Resolution 10 ns (nom)Adjustable trigger delay – pulse period + 10 ns to pulse period to pulsewidth –10 nsSettable delay Free run –3.99 to 3.97 μsTriggered 0 to 40 sResolution 10 ns (nom)(delay, width, period)Pulse doublets1st pulse delay 0 to 42 s – pulse width – 10 ns(relative to sync out)1st pulse width 500 ns to 42 s – delay – 10 ns2nd pulse delay 0 to 42 s – (delay1 + width2) – 10 ns(relative to pulse 1)2nd pulse width 20 ns to 42 s – (delay1 + delay2) – 10 ns1. Pulse specifications apply to frequencies > 500 MHz. Operable down to 10 MHz.2. Applies to power levels > –5 dBm for Option 1E1.Narrow pulse modulation 1(Option UNW) 500 MHz to 3.2 GHz Above 3.2 GHz On/Off ratio> 80 dB (typ) > 80 dB (typ)Rise/Fall times (Tr, Tf) < 10 ns (7 ns) < 10 ns (7 ns)Minimum pulse width Internally leveled ≥ 2 us ≥ 2 us ALC off 2≥ 20 ns≥ 20 ns Repetition frequency Internally leveled 10 Hz to 500 kHz 10 Hz to 500 kHz ALC off 2DC to 5 MHz DC to 10 MHz Level accuracy relative to CW Internally leveled < ±1.0 dB (typ) < ±1.0 dB (typ) ALC off 2±1.0 dB (typ) ±1.0 dB (typ)Width compression< 5 ns (typ) < 10 ns (typ)RF width relative to video out Video feed-through 3 < 300 mV (typ) < 10 mV (typ) Video delay -30 ns (nom) 30 ns (nom) ext input to video RF delay -video to 10 ns (nom)20 ns (nom) RF output Pulse overshoot < 15% (nom) < 15% (nom)Input level +1 Vpeak = RF On +1 Vpeak = RF On Input impedance50 Ω (nom)50 Ω (nom)1. Pulse specifications apply to frequencies > 500 MHz. Operable down to 10 MHz.2. With power search on.3. Applies to power levels < +10 dBm.Td Video delay (variable)Tw Video pulse width (variable)Tp Pulse period (variable)Tm RF delayTrf RF pulse width Tf RF pulse fall time Tr RF pulse rise time Vor Pulse overshoot Vf Video feedthroughInternal analog modulation source(Option UNT)Waveform SineRate range 0.1 Hz to 2 MHz (tunable to 3 MHz) Resolution 0.1 HzFrequency accuracy Same as RF reference source (nom) External modulation inputs(Requires Option UNT)Modulation types FM, AM, phase mod, pulse modInput impedance 50 Ω (nom)Simultaneous modulation1All modulation types (FM, AM, φM and pulse modulation) may be simultaneously enabled except: FM and phase modulation can not be combined; two modulation types can not be simultaneously generated using the same modulation source. For example, AM and FM can run concurrently and will modulate the output RF. This is useful for simulating signal impairments.1. If AM or pulse modulation are on, then phase and FM specifications do not apply.General CharacteristicsRemote programmingInterfaces GPIB IEEE-488.2, 1987 with listen and talkLAN 100BaseT LAN interface, LXI class CcompliantUSB Version 2.0Control languages SCPI Version 1997.0Compatibility languages supporting a subset of common commandsAgilent Technologies 8360 series, E8247C, E8257C, E8257D, E8241A,E8244A, E8251A, E8254A, E4428C, E4438C,E8267C/D, 8662A, 8663A, 83711B, 83712B,83731B, 83732B, 83751B, 83752B, 8340B,8341BPower requirements 100 to 120 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz and 400 Hz220 to 240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz250 W maximumOperating temperature range 0 to 55 °CStorage temperature range –40 to 70 °COperating and storage altitude 15,000feetEnvironmental stress Samples of this product have been type tested inaccordance with the Agilent Environmental TestManual and verified to be robust against theenvironmental stresses of Storage, Transportationand End-use; those stresses include but are notlimited to temperature, humidity, shock, vibration,altitude and power line conditions. Test Methodsare aligned with IEC 60068-2 and levels aresimilar to MIL-PRF-28800F Class 3.Safety Complies with European Low Voltage Directive73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC• IEC/EN 61010-1• Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1• USA: UL 61010-1EMC Complies with European EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC• IEC/EN 61326• CISPR Pub 11 Group 1, class A• AS/NZS CISPR 11:2002• IC E S/NMB-001Memory Memory is shared by instrument states, sweep listfiles, and other files. There is 512 MB of flashmemory available in the N5181A MXG. Dependingon how the memory is utilized, a maximum of1000 instrument states can be saved.Security (Option 006) Memory sanitizing, memory sanitizing on poweron, and display blanking.Self test Internal diagnostic routines test most modulesin a preset condition. For each module, if itsnode voltages are within acceptable limits, themodule “passes” the test.Weight ≤ 13.8 kg (30 lb.) net,≤ 28.4 kg (62 lb.) shippingDimensions 103 mm H x 426 mm W x 432 mm L(4.07 in H x 16.8 in W x 17 in L)monthsRecommended calibration cycle 24ISO compliant The Agilent N5181A MXG is manufactured in anISO-9001 registered facility in concurrence withAgilent Technologies’ commitment to quality. Front panel connectors1RF output Output impedance 50 Ω (nom)Option 520 Precision APC-3.5 male, or Type-N withOption 1E DOption 532/540 Precision 2.4 mm male; plus 2.4 – 2.4 mm and2.4 – 2.9 mm female adaptersMaximum reverse power 0.5 W, 0 VdcUSB 2.0 Used with a memory stick for transferringinstrument states, licenses and other files intoor out of the instrument. Also used with U2000series USB average power sensors. For acurrent list of supported memory sticks, visit/find/MXG, click on TechnicalSupport, and refer to FAQs: WaveformDownloadsand Storage.Rear panel connectors1RF output Outputs the RF signal via a precision N type (Option 1EM) female connector.Sweep out Generates output voltage, 0 to +10 V when thesignal generator is sweeping. This output canalso be programmed to indicate when the sourceis settled or output pulse video and is TTL andCMOS compatible in this mode. Outputimpedance < 1 Ω, can drive 2k Ω. Damagelevels are ±15 V.AM External AM input. Nominal input impedance is50 Ω. Damage levels are ±5 V.FM External FM input. Nominal input impedance is50 Ω. Damage levels are ±5 V.Pulse External pulse modulation input. This input isTTL and CMOS compatible. Low logic levels are0 V and high logic levels are +1 V. Nominal inputimpedance is 50 Ω. Input damage levels are≤ –0.3 V and ≥ +5.3 V.1. All connectors are BNC unless otherwise noted.Trigger in This high impedance input accepts TTL andCMOS level signals for triggering point-to-pointin sweep mode. Damage levels are ≤ –0.3 V and≥ +5.3 V.Trigger out Outputs a TTL and CMOS compatible levelsignal for use with sweep mode. The signal ishigh at start of dwell, or when waiting for pointtrigger in manual sweep mode; low when dwellis over or point trigger is received. This outputcan also be programmed to indicate when thesource is settled, pulse synchronization, or pulsevideo. Nominal output impedance is 50 ohms.Input damage levels are ≤ –0.3 V and ≥ +5.3 V. Reference input Accepts a 10 MHz reference signal used tofrequency lock the internal timebase. Option 1ERadds the capability to lock to a frequency from1 MHz to 50 MHz. Nominal input level –3.5 to+20 dBm, impedance 50 Ω.10 MHz out Outputs the 10 MHz reference signal used byinternal time base. Level is nominally +3.9 dBm.Nominal output impedance 50 Ω. Input damagelevel is +16 dBm.USB 2.0 The USB connector provides remote programmingfunctions via SCPI.LAN (100 BaseT) The LAN connector provides the same SCPIremote programming functionality as the GPIBconnector. The LAN connector is also used toaccess the internal web server and FTP server.The LAN supports DHCP, sockets SCPI, VXI-11SCPI, connection monitoring, dynamic host nameservices, TCP keep alive. This interface is LXIclass C compliant.GPIB The GPIB connector provides remoteprogramming functionality via SCPI.ALC input This female BNC connector is used for negativeexternal detector leveling.Input impedance 100 kΩ (nominal)Signal levels –0.2 mV to –0.5 VDamage levels ≤ –12 V and ≥ 1 VZ-axis output This female BNC connector supplies a +5 V(nominal) level during retrace and band switchintervals of a step or list sweep. During step orlist sweep, this connector supplies a –5 V(nominal) level when the RF frequency is at amarker frequency and intensity marker mode ison. The load impedance should be ≥ 5 kΩ.Ordering InformationArchiveRelated Literature N5183A MXG microwave analog signal generatorFrequency520 Frequency range from 100 kHz to 20 GHz532 Frequency range from 100 kHz to 31.8 GHz540 Frequency range from 100 kHz to 40 GHzPerformance enhancementsUNZ Fast frequency switching1E1 Step attenuator1E A HighpowerUNU Pulse modulationUNW Narrow pulse modulationUNT AM, FM, phase modulation006 Instrument security1ER Flexible reference input (1-50 MHz)1EM Move RF output to rear panel1ED Type N RF output connectorAccessories1CM Rackmount kit1CN Front handle kit1CP Rackmount and front handle kit1CR Rack slide kitAXT Transit caseNon-harmonics (dBc)(For serial numbers < 49060000)250 kHz to 250 MHz –54 (–89 typ)> 250 to 375 MHz –61 (–86 typ)> 375 to 750 MHz –55 (–74 typ)> 750 MHz to 1.5 GHz –48 (–70 typ)> 1.5 to 3.2 GHz –47 (–68 typ)> 3.2 to 6 GHz –40 (–63 typ)> 6 to 12 GHz –33 (–57 typ)> 12 to 24 GHz –50 (typ)> 24 to 40 GHz –45 (typ)Application literatureRF Source Basics, a self-paced tutorial (CD-ROM), literature number 5980-2060E Product literatureAgilent MXG Signal Generator, Configuration Guide, literature number 5989-5485EN See the Agilent MXG web page for the latest information. Get the latest news, product and support information, application literature, firmware upgrades and more at /find/MXGRemove all doubtOur repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you, per-forming like new, when promised. You will get full value out of your Agilent equipment through-out its lifetime. Your equipment will be serviced by Agilent-trained technicians using the latest factory calibration procedures, automated repair diagnostics and genu-ine parts. You will always have the ut-most confidence in your measurements. For information regarding self mainte-nance of this product, please contact your Agilent office.Agilent offers a wide range of addi-tional expert test and measurement services for your equipment, including initial start-up assistance, onsite edu-cation and training, as well as design, system integration, and project man-agement.For more information on repair and calibration services, go to:/find/removealldoubtAgilent Email Updates/find/emailupdates Get the latest information on the products and applications you select.LXI is the LAN-based successor to GPIB, providing faster, more efficient connectivity. Agilent is a founding member of the LXI consortium.Agilent Channel Partnersw w w /find/channelpartners Get the best of both worlds: Agilent’s measurement expertise and product breadth, combined with channel partner convenience.For more information on AgilentTechnologies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Agilent office. The complete list is available at:/fi nd/contactus Americas Canada(877) 894 4414 Latin America 305 269 7500United States (800) 829 4444Asia Pacifi c Australia 1 800 629 485China800 810 0189Hong Kong 800 938 693India 1 800 112 929Japan 0120 (421) 345Korea 080 769 0800Malaysia 1 800 888 848Singapore 180****8100Taiwan 0800 047 866Thailand1 800 226 008Europe & Middle East Austria 43(0)136****1571Belgium 32 (0) 2 404 93 40 Denmark 45 70 13 15 15Finland 358 (0) 10 855 2100France 0825 010 700**0.125 €/minuteGermany 49 (0) 7031 464 6333 Ireland 1890 924 204Israel 972-3-9288-504/544Italy 39 02 92 60 8484Netherlands 31 (0) 20 547 2111Spain 34 (91) 631 3300Sweden 0200-88 22 55Switzerland 0800 80 53 53United Kingdom 44 (0) 118 9276201Other European Countries: /fi nd/contactusRevised: October 1, 2009Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008, 2010Printed in USA, February 23, 20105989-7572EN。

是德科技《信号发生器基础指南》奠定坚实的射频基础—第 1 部分白皮书引言使用可靠的信号源消除测试结果中的不确定性和疑虑更快地进入市场是一场激烈的角逐。

为了赢得胜利，您需要拥有无可置疑的测试结果。

这就是选择合适的仪器至关重要的原因。

您容不得把丝毫的时间浪费在猜测结果上。

本白皮书以信号发生器为主题，分为两部分。

在本文第一部分中，我们将帮助您深入了解信号发生器的基本技术指标，以便您在使用信号发生器时能够做出正确选择。

目录在本白皮书的第 1 部分，主要介绍信号发生器及其基本技术指标，如功率、精度和速度。

我们将在第 2 部分中探讨更高级的功能，如调制、频谱纯度和失真。

第 1 节关键属性了解信号发生器的组成部分以及它相比其他信号源的独特之处。

探索信号发生器的类型和关键技术指标。

第 2 节功率了解平均功率、包络功率和峰值包络功率之间的区别，以及适用于高/低输出功率的测量应用。

第 3 节精度对您的测量结果充满信心。

了解为什么精度很重要，以及需要注意哪种类型的精度。

第 4 节速度对制造业来说，速度就是生命。

更快进入市场，击败竞争对手。

学习如何查看技术指标。

紧跟技术脚步，不要落伍。

第 1 节—关键属性信号发生器种类繁多，它们拥有不同的外形，可以提供不同的功能。

图 1-1. Keysight PXIe 矢量信号发生器和分析仪。

外形：您需要的是台式仪器还是模块化仪器？台式是许多信号发生器的传统外形。

它是我们通常在工作台和机架上看到的典型框式仪器。

这种仪器配备前面板显示器和控件，能让您快速、轻松地设置和调试故障。

台式信号发生器具有全面的功能，覆盖射频到微波以及模拟到矢量的范围。

图 1-2. N5182B MXG X 系列射频矢量信号发生器另一种正在迅速普及的形式是 PXIe。

PXIe 信号发生器的外形紧凑，因此通常用于需要多个通道的应用中。

第三代 PCIe 现在支持最高 24 GB/s 的系统带宽，从而提升了高性能应用（例如采用 FPGA 流处理 streaming 方式将 I/Q 数据传输给基带发生器，或数字预失真应用等）的测试吞吐量。

技术概述X 系列射频信号发生器N5181B/N5171B 模拟信号发生器N5182B/N5172B 矢量信号发生器–频率范围：9 kHz 至 6 GHz–业界领先的性能–先进的实时信号生成–低拥有成本主要技术指标概述MXGEXGCXG频率范围9 kHz 至 6 GHz 9 kHz 至 6 GHz 9 kHz 至 6 GHz 相位噪声（1 GHz ，20 kHz 频偏）–146 dBc/Hz –122 dBc/Hz –119 dBc/Hz 杂散（1 GHz ，非谐波）–96 dBc –72 dBc –72 dBc 输出功率（1 GHz ）+27 dBm +27 dBm +18 dBm ACPR （矢量）W-CDMA 64 DPCH –73 dBc –73 dBc –73 dBc EVM （矢量）802.11ac/LTE 0.4%0.4%0.4%带宽（矢量）160 MHz 160 MHz 120 MHz 任意波形存储器（矢量）1024 MSa512 MSa512 MSa业界领先的性能模拟和矢量 MXG 、EXG 和 CXG 信号发生器支持 9 kHz 至 6 GHz 的频率范围，在五个关键参数上具有极其出色的性能：相位噪声和频谱纯度、带宽、EVM 、ACPR 和输出功率。

先进的实时信号生成通过使用 MXG 或 EXG 和 PathWave 信号生成软件，可根据最新标准执行先进的接收机测试：定义信号参数并将参数传输到仪器，在信号生成过程中进行闭环或交互式控制。

低拥有成本X 系列信号发生器的设计重点考虑的是高可靠性和便捷维护。

自我维护策略便是其中的一个例子：根据我们的部件更换计划可以在两小时内完成现场维修。

/find/X-Series_SG生成真正性能您需要采取多种途径来了解器件的特性，这正是 Keysight X 系列信号发生器的设计理念。

它们可以生成您需要的信号 — 从简单信号到复杂信号，从纯净信号到有损信号，以便对您的设计进行极限甚至超出极限的测试。