英国君主立宪制--British Constitutional Monarchy
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[键入文字]2017 年高考历史高频考点:英国君主立宪制历史网的小编给各位考生整理了2017 年高考历史高频考点:英国君主立宪制,希望对大家有所帮助。
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▲高考历史高频考点:英国君主立宪制君主立宪制(英语:Constitutional monarchy),亦即“有限君主制”,是相对于君主专制的一种国家体制。
君主立宪是在保留君主制的前提下,通过立宪,树立人民主权、限制君主权力、实现事务上的共和主义理想但不采共和政体。
可分为二元制君主立宪制、议会制君主立宪制。
君主虽然是国家的元首,但君主的权利与产生的方式,会依各个国家的制度而不同;纵使是同一个国家,往往在不同时期,君主的产生方式与权利范围也各不相同。
英国的”光荣革命“为君主立宪制国家开启了先例。
一般君主是终身制的,君主的地位从定义上就已经高于国家的其他公民(这是君主与一些其他元首如独裁者的一个区别),往往君主属于一个特别的阶层(贵族),此外世袭制也往往是君主的一个特点。
英国资产阶级革命确立的君主立宪政体大大削弱了国王的权力,议会及政府逐步掌握了治理国家的权力,这种政治体制虽然有其历史局限性,但它结束了英国的封建专制制度,使得英国走上资产阶级政治民主化的道路,有利于资本主义的发展。
它代表了历史发展的趋势,是历史的一大进步。
英国是世界上第一个建立君主立宪制的国家,这一制度的确立和不断完善,不仅对巩固资产阶级在英国的统治起了巨大的作用,而且对其他国家的资产阶级建立新的制度,也有着巨大影响。
▲高考历史高频考点:英国君主立宪制确立的过程君主立宪制度的形成和发展过程较复杂,基于时间发展的线索图说明比较清晰.它起源于13 世纪的《大宪章》和议会制度,17 世纪《权利法案》颁布最终确立了议会主权,君主立宪制初步确立。
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英语介绍英国君主立宪制的作文The British Monarchy: A Constitutional Monarch in Modern TimesThe United Kingdom, a country with a rich history and cultural heritage, is governed by a unique system known as a constitutional monarchy. This form of government blends elements of a traditional monarchy with a constitutional framework that ensures the protection of democraticprinciples and the rule of law.At the heart of this system is the British Monarch, who currently is Queen Elizabeth II. Her Majesty's role islargely ceremonial, serving as a symbol of nationalcontinuity and unity. The Queen's powers are limited by the constitution, and she reigns with the advice of the Prime Minister and the Parliament.The British Parliament is divided into two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is composed of elected officials who represent the citizens of the UK, while the House of Lords is made up of appointed members and some hereditary peers. Together, they create and amend legislation, which must be approved by both houses and the Monarch to become law.The Prime Minister, who is the head of government, is typically the leader of the political party with the mostseats in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is responsible for running the country on a day-to-day basis and has significant influence over the direction of national policy.The constitutional monarchy has evolved over time, with the powers of the Monarch being gradually reduced as the role of Parliament has increased. This shift has been facilitated by various constitutional documents and legal precedents, which have established the supremacy of Parliament and the principles of responsible government.One of the key advantages of the constitutional monarchy is its ability to provide stability and continuity. The Monarch serves as a non-political figurehead, allowing for a sense of continuity even as governments change. Additionally, the Monarch plays a role in national ceremonies and the recognition of achievements by citizens, fostering a sense of national identity and pride.However, the system is not without its critics. Some argue that the Monarchy is an outdated institution that perpetuates class divisions and does not represent the values of modern democracy. Others contend that the Monarchy is a vital part of Britain's cultural identity and that it provides a sense of history and tradition that is important to the nation's psyche.In conclusion, the British constitutional monarchy is a complex and fascinating system that has adapted to the changing political landscape over centuries. It represents abalance between tradition and modernity, offering a unique blend of stability and democratic governance that is central to the identity and functioning of the United Kingdom.。
英国政治制度英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家,它的政府体系(即所谓西敏制)直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制,包括加拿大、印度、澳大利亚和牙买加等英联邦成员国。
英国没有成文的宪法,但宪法惯例(constitutional conventions)具有宪法的作用;各种成文法和普通法共同组成了所谓的英国宪法。
英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主.基本信息•中文名:英国政治制度•国家:英国•代表:宪法•机构设置:政府机构组成正在加载英国国徽英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家,它的政府体系(即所谓西敏制)直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制,包括加拿大、印度、澳大利亚和牙买加等英联邦成员国。
英国没有成文的宪法,但宪法惯例(constitutional conventions)具有宪法的作用;各种成文法和普通法共同组成了所谓的英国宪法。
英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主,目前为伊丽莎白二世。
实际上,女王只拥有象征性的地位,其权力的形式受到惯例与民意的约束。
但是君主基本上还是可以行使三个重要的权利:被咨询的权利、提供意见的权利和警告的权利。
一个君主在位的时间越长,经验与学识越丰富,他的意见就越会受到内阁和首相本人的重视,而这种君主与内阁之间的交流是在每周例行的秘密会议中进行的。
事实上在英国,拥有最高政治权力的人是内阁首相(现任首相大卫·卡梅伦; zh-hant大卫·卡麦隆于2010年5月11日起执政),他必须得到下议院的支持。
'君临国会'(Crown in Parliament)代表了英国的国家主权。
机构设置政府英国政府正式名称为'女王陛下政府'或'国王陛下政府'(取决于在位君主),负责英国的行政功能。
首相为政府首脑,由英国君主任命,但是依惯例此人必须是下议院中最有可能获得下议院支持的议员。
首相获任命后再挑选其他部长和行政首脑,组成政府。