【中考复习】中考介词考点梳理
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中考语法复习——介词与介词短语【考点直击】1.常用介词与其词组的主要用法与意义2.介词表示时间、方位、方式别的基本用法3.一些易混介词的辨析【语法讲解】◆介词的功能介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。
例如:The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)◆介词和种类(1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
◆不同介词的用法(1)表时间的介词1)at, in on表示时间点用at。
例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。
表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以与早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。
例如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。
例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning 等。
2)since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。
中考英语专题综合复习之介词考点解读:从近几年的命题趋势看,介词的考查范围涉及以下几个方面:1.表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法;2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配;3.同义或近义介词的辨析。
介词又叫前置词,一般放在名词的前面。
介词是一种虚词,不能在句子中独立充当一个成分。
知识点讲解:考点1 in,on,at表时间和地点时的辨析1.in 表示在某年、某月、季节、世纪、上午、下午、晚上等in 2012,in September,in summer,in the 1890s,in the morning/afternoon./evening2.on 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或者晚上等on Monday,on Tuesday afternoon,on May 4th,on the morning of July 6th,on a windy night3.at 跟具体的钟点at six o’clock,at ten thirty ;用于和时间有关的固定短语at noon;at midnight,at first,at the beginning of 考点2 in, on, at在表示地点时的辨析1.in表示“在……里”,用于内部;on表示“在……上面”,用于表面接触。
There is some tea in the cup. 杯子里有一些茶。
There are some apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。
2.在表示某地时,in后接大地方,at后接小地方。
He arrived in China yesterday. 他昨天到达了中国。
We arrived at the airport. 我们到机场了。
3I can see three birds in the tree. 我能看到树上有三只小鸟。
There is a map on the wall. 墙上有一幅地图。
There's a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。
英语中考归纳复习专题:介词【介词】介词是一种虚词,表示名词、代词等与其他词的关系,不能单独作句子成分。
介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语(如果是人称代词,则要用宾格),介词和它的宾语构成介词短语,在句中作状语、表语或定语等。
【时间介词】1.at,in与on第 1 页共27 页2.from,since与for第 2 页共27 页3.before与after第 3 页共27 页4.until,during与by第 4 页共27 页【考点训练1】1.China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum _____ May,2017. ()A.onB.inC.byD.at2.We usually have the first class ___ 8:00 in the morning. ()A.inB.onC.atD.from3.More and more young people go skating _____ winter. ()A.atB.inC.onD.to4.I’ve had this mobile phone ___ three years. ()第 5 页共27 页A.byB.fromC.forD.since5.His grandfather has been ill ___ last year. ()A.forB.sinceC.fromD.after6.___ April 22nd,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways. ()A.InB.AtC.OnD.For【方位介词】1.at与in第 6 页共27 页2.in,on与to第7 页共27 页【图解助记】3.over,above,on,under与below第8 页共27 页【图解助记】4.其他方位介词第9 页共27 页【考点训练2】1.—Where is Mary flying?—She is flying to France soon.She will arrive ___ Paris on the morning of July 2. ()A.toB.atC.inD.on2.I can’t see Lucy because she is ___ the tree. ()A.in front ofB.behindC.next toD.beside3.Russia lies ___ the north of China. ()A.onB.toC.inD.at第10 页共27 页4.The workers will build a new railroad ___ the two cities. ()A.amongB.inC.betweenD.at5.—Oh,my God! I’ve left my keys in the room.I’ll have to get in ___ the window. —It’s dangerous.You’d better wait for your dad to come back. ()A.past B.over C.across D.through【方式介词】第11 页共27 页考点训练3】用适当的方式介词填空。
介词一、考点梳理考点一常用介词的主要用法1. in 的主要用法(1) 表示在某年、某月、某季节,在上午、下午、晚上等。
I will come to see you in the afternoon.下午我会来看你。
(2) 在……以后。
I will come back in a week.我将于一周之后回来。
(3) 在……里。
The two brothers study in the same class.两兄弟在同一个班里上课。
(4) 穿着;戴着。
The man in black is Li Ming’s brother.穿着黑色衣服的那个人是李明的哥哥。
(5) (表示手段、方法、材料)用;以。
People used to write in ink.人们过去常常用墨水写字。
2. on 的主要用法(1) 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
The party will be held on Sunday evening.聚会将在星期日的晚上举行。
(2) 在……上。
The books are on the desk. 书在课桌上。
(3) 关于;有关。
Why not give her some advice on learning English well?为什么不给她一些关于学好英语的建议呢?(4) 以……方式;通过。
We can find out about him on the Internet.我们可以在网上找到关于他的资料。
3. for 的主要用法(1) 表示时间、距离,意为“计;达”。
We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。
(2) 表示“当作;作为”。
I’d like some bread and milk for breakfast.我想要些面包和牛奶当早餐。
(3) 表示理由或原因,意为“因为;由于”。
The match is cancelled for the heavy rain.比赛因大雨而取消。
中考英语-介词-超全考点梳理+易错点拨一、表示时间的介词1. in,on,at,overat用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时at breakfast早餐时at noon正午时at night在夜间at that time那时at the moment此刻,目前at the same time同时at times偶尔,有时at nine在九点钟at first开始的时候,起初at last最后►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
注意:表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上last Monday上周一every week每周on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)on Monday 在周一on Monday evening 在周一晚上on Tuesday morning 在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on that day在那天on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天on time准时on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月in 1995在1995年in summer在夏季in Spring在春季in autumn在秋季in winter在冬季in September, 1995 在1995年9月in the morning 在上午in the afternoon 在下午in the evening在晚上in the 21st century在二十一世纪in time及时in an hour一个小时后in a minute一会儿,立刻►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
第三课时 介词和数词介词是历年中考的必考点,介词的考查主要集中在基本用法和习惯搭配上。
常见考点如下:①介词辨析①介词的固定搭配(“动词+介词”; “形容词+介词”;“介词+a/an/the/his/Jim’s +名词”)考点一 表示时间的介词1.at 多用于具体钟点前,如:at seven,at a quarter to one;也可用于固定搭配中,如:at noon,at night 。
2.in 表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。
如:in the twenty -first century 在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the morning 在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
3.on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。
如:on the Mid -Autumn Festival 在中秋节on June 1st 在6月1日4.since,from 和for 介词 含义及用法例句since指从某时一直延续至今,后常接时间点,句子用完成时。
He has lived here since 1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。
from说明开始时间,可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
From now on,I will learn English every morning.从今以后,每天早晨我将学英语。
for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。
I have studied English for six years.我已经学英语六年了。
题组训练用适当的介词填空①Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.①We usually get to school 7:40 in the morning.①Her birthday is winter, the most beautiful season in a year.①Uncle Wang has worked in the factory twenty years.①—How soon will he come back?— a month.考点二表示方位的介词1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外(不属于该范围)。
中考初中英语考点详解:介词1.介词的分类及功能介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词。
介词是虚词,一般不重读,不在句子中单独作成分,需要和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。
一介词的分类1根据介词的构成分类根据介词的构成形式,可将介词分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、短语介词四类。
(1)简单介词简单介词指的是由一个单词构成的介词。
Both my parents were born in 1970.我的父母都出生于1970年。
Whom are you taking the mobile phone to? 你要把这部手机带给谁?(2)合成介词合成介词指的是由两个词合在一起构成的介词。
He traveled throughout Europe in his twenties.在二十多岁时,他游历了整个欧洲。
I couldn’t see his face—he had his back towards me. (表示方向)我看不见他的脸——他背对着我。
(3)双重介词双重介词指的是由两个介词组成的介词。
I can take up to four people in my car.我的小汽车最多能坐4个人。
The moon finally appeared from behind the clouds.月亮终于从云后露了出来。
(4)短语介词短语介词由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成,其作用只相当于一个介词。
Except for a broken bed,the room is empty.除了一张破旧的床,这个房间是空的。
Who are the boy and the girl in front of you?你前面的男孩和女孩是谁?提示短语介词是一个相当于简单介词的短语,不能单独使用,其后需加宾语。
而介词短语是由介词后加宾语构成,可以单独作句子成分。
2根据介词的意义分类根据介词的意义,可将介词分为表示时间的介词、表示空间(地点)的介词、表示原因(目的)的介词、表示让步的介词、表示方式(手段)的介词和其他介词。
中考介词考点梳理介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独做句子成分。
介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。
简单介词即单个介词,如in,under,on,for,after等;短语介词指多个单词构成的介词,如in front of,instead of,far from等。
介词短语与短语介词不同。
介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语,如at school,by bus,on Sunday 等,在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作连词(作连词时,其后接句子),如after,before等;而有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作副词,如above,below等。
介词是中考试卷中的“常客”,从时间上看,年年都要考;从地点上看,每个地区都要考。
考查介词的主要题目有:单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。
一、对时间介词的考查【中考例题】1. (2015连云港) I was born ______ December 17. This year I’ll hold a birthday party for it athome.A. onB. atC. inD. by2. (2015四川凉山) —Do you know Victory Day in China?—Yes, it’s ______ September 3rd ______ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.A. in; onB. on; /C. at; /D. on; in3. (2015山东临沂) For many Western people, they drink cold water even ______ winter.A. onB. forC. atD. in4. (2015甘肃武威) —The charity walk begins ______ 9:00. Don’t be late.—No problem.A. atB. byC. inD. on5. (2015安徽) The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ______ four days.A. afterB. forC. duringD. in6. (2015菏泽短文填空) After walking around ________ some time, she came to a river.7. (2015德州首字母填空) He has been away from home s________ two days ago.8. (2015温州句子填空) The Highland Museum is opened every day ______ Monday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查at, in, on表示地点的用法:①at表地点时,指空间位置上的某一点,后面常接小地方。
如:at the bus stop;②in表地点时,指在某一立体空间范围内,后面接大地方。
如:in shanghai;③on表地点时,指某物与另一物表面相接触,或与某地方接壤等。
如:on the table等。
in, on, to表示方位的用法:①范围之内用in;②相邻、接壤用on;③不相邻或隔海相望用to。
【中考例题】9. (2015江苏泰州) —I like the weather in Kunming. It’s warm all year long.—Yes. And the temperature stays ______ zero all the time.A. atB. belowC. aroundD. above10. (2015苏州) In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains ______ zero all day.A. aboveB. belowC. overD. under11. (2015益阳) The bank is ______ the bookstore and the post office.A. at the front of D. among C. between D. in12. (2015潍坊) You must be careful when you swim ______ the lake.A. acrossB. belowC. overD. through13. (2015贵州铜仁) —Excuse me, where is the bookstore?—Go ______ the bridge. You’ll see it on your left.A. onB. crossC. acrossD. through14. (2015黑龙江绥化) Heilongjiang Province is _____ the northeast of China.A. toB. inC. onD. at15. (2014天津) Cambridge is a small city ______ the east of England.A. betweenB. withC. inD. under16. (2015南宁) Jim sits behind me, so I sit ______ him.A. at the top ofB. at the end ofC. in the middle ofD. in front of三、对手段、方法介词的考查【中考例题】17. (2015江苏镇江) Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _____the Internet.A. throughB. alongC. acrossD. towards18. (2014上海) More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work ______ underground.A. inB. withC. byD. for19. (2014成都) Gina, what’s this ______ English?A. byB. forC. inD. with20. (2014莱芜) We can save money ______ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. byB. toC. forD. with四、对其他常用介词的考查【中考例题】21. (2015福州) —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her?—Of course. She was tall and thin ______ long hair.A. inB. withC. onD. for22. (2015龙岩) Jack had to stop working though it was ______ his own wishes.A. onB. forC. againstD. by23. (2015河南) Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them ______ food or clothing.A. inB. withC. aboutD. for24. (2015连云港) It is great ______ us to get so many favourite books on InternationalChildren’s Book Day.A. toB. withC. ofD. for25. (2015凉山完形填空) He looked at me and, ______ a word, smiled.A. inB. withC. withoutD. for26. (2014四川省内江市) All of us went to the park ______ Bob. He had to look after his sister.A. besidesB. withC. exceptD. besides五、对介词短语的考查【中考例题】27. (2015滨州) My mother says my friend is similar ______ me, but I think she is different______ me.A. as; fromB. to; fromC. to; toD. as; to28. (2015盐城) This photo reminded the old man ______ the days when he was young.A. withB. forC. byD. of29. (2015武威) They hope it can protect them ______ terrible air.A. inB. fromC. forD. at30. (2015广州) When the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled ______ joy.A. inB. ofC. byD. with31. (2014山西) This kind of dress is ______ this year, and I really want to get oneA. in dangerB. in troubleC. in styleD. in time32. (2014四川) Mr. Yang’s daughter is pretty good ___ drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. withB. forC. inD. at33. (2014天津) Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we’re proud______ them.A. inB. onC. ofD. for34. (2015广安完形填空) I learn ______ my teacher and my classmates at the corner.A. toB. atC. forD. from35. (2015烟台) Compared ______ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased andrelaxed are less likely to suffer colds.A. atB. withC. inD. of附:介词的省略近年河北省中考介词真题1. (2015) This food is free. You don’t have to ______ it.A. look forB. pay forC. ask forD. wait for2. (2014) You see, Kevin is writing ______ his left hand.A. atB. asC. forD. with3. (2013) ______ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. InB. AtC. OnD. For4. (2012) We can be thankful every day, not just ______ Thanksgiving Day.A. inB. onC. toD. by5. (2011) This school is different ______ others. It has many out-of-class activities.A. offB. fromC. ofD. for6. (2015邯郸一模) Jessica took part in the English competition ___ the morning of April tenth.A. inB. onC. toD. by7. (2015邯郸二模) Don’t play computer games too much. It’s bad ______ your eyes.A. forB. withC. onD. at8. (2015石家庄18县联考) Sam likes skating very much. He has been skating ____ four hours.A. forB. sinceC. withD. in9. (2015邢台一模) —When is Henry’s birthday party, Lynn?—The 18th, ______ about three o’clock in the afternoon.A. inB. atC. onD. to10. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) Remember to run ______ the road quickly while it is clear.A. acrossB. forC. afterD. of11. (2015廊坊三模) —Excuse me. Where is the Hope Cinema?—Go up this road to the end. Go ______ the bridge and you’ll find it.A. crossB. crossingC. acrossD. down12. (2015石家庄裕华区模拟) Zhang Mei really wants to improve her English. She oftenpractises English ______ chatting with her English friend Tony.A. inB. byC. forD. with13. (2015路北一模) —What are Mexicans supposed to do when they meet ___ the first time?—They are supposed to shake hands.A. forB. onC. amongD. in14. (2015石家庄一模) Don’t worry ______ your physics. I will help you ______ it.A. with; aboutB. about; onC. on; aboutD. about; with15. (2015张家口一模) They had a picnic ______ the foot of the mountain last Sunday.A. forB. toC. ofD. at参考答案中考介词考点梳理1-5. ABDAD 6. for 7. since 8. except 9-10. DB 11-15. CACBC 16-20. DACCA21-25. BCDDC 26-30. CBDBD 31-35. CDCDB近年河北省中考介词真题1-5. BDBBB 6-10. BAABA 11-15. CBADD。