直接引语与间接引语

语法专题 直接引语与间接引语I

引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把他放在引号内，这叫直接引语（Direct speech）;二是用自己的话加以转述，这叫间接引语（Indirect

speech）。间接引语相当于一个宾语从句。

EG：John said:“I’m going to London with my father.”(引号内是直接引语)

John said that he was going to London with his father.（that引导宾语从句是间接引语)

学习直接引语与变间接引语是，要特别主语以下四个变化：

（1） 时态变化

（2） 人称变化

（3） 状语变化（时间状语与地点状语）

（4） 句型变化（陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句和祈使句）

I.时态变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，如主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，间接引语中的谓语动词一般按以下规律变化：

直接引语时态 间接引语时态

一般现在时 一般过去时

现在进行时 过去进行时

现在完成时 过去完成时

现在进行完成时 过去进行完成时

一般过去时 过去完成时

EG；She said:“I have lost a pen”

→She said she had lost a pen.

She said:“we hope so.”

→she said they hoped so.

She said:“He will go to see his friend.”

→She said he would go to see his friend.

如主句的谓语动词时现在时，从句的时态无需变化。

拓展：直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况。

① 当直接引语是谚语或名人名言时。

The teacher said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”

→The teacher said that where there is a will ,there is a way.

② 当直接引语是客观真理或客观事实时

“The earth moves around the sun,”she said

→She said that the earth moves around the sun.

③ 当直接引语中有具体的年，月，日作状语时。

The girl said,“I was born in Beijing in 1993.”

→The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 1993.

④ 当直接引语是过去完成时态时

Tom said,“The bus had left when I got there.”

→Tom said that the bus had left when he got there.

2.人称变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，代词要根据其在句子中的意义作下列相应变化：

直接引语代词 I we you me us this These

间接引语代词 He/she they I Him/her that those

She said,“I like the bike very much.”

→She said that she liked the bike very much.

“I’ve left my keys in my room.”he said to me

→He told me that he had left his keys in my room.

3.状语变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，状语一般应作下列变化：

在直接引语中 在间接引语中

指示代词 this that

these those

时间状语 now Then

today That day

yesterday The day before

Last week The week before

tomorrow The next day

Next week The next /following week

Two days ago Two days before

地点状语 here there

EG.“I lived in Beijing four years ago,”he said to me.

→He told me that he had lived in Beijing four years before.

She said to me,“I’ll see you next week.”

→She told me that she would see me the next /following week.

Peter said.“you had better come here today”

→Peter said that I had better go there that day.

4.句型变化

（1）直接引语若为陈述句，间接引语往往变为由that（口语中科省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say,tell等，从句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等也要作相应的变化。

EG。“I’m very tired,”she said.

→she said (that) she was very tired.

Tom said,“I’ve seen the film twice.”

→Tom said (that) he had seen the film twice.

(2)直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意人称，时态和状语等方面的相应变化外，还应注意：

①直接引语应改为陈述语序

②特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。

③一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反义疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether/if引导。

EG。“Is there a dog under the tree?”asked the girl

→The girl asked if /whether there was a dog under the tree.

“Why are you late again?”the teacher asked me.

→The teacher asked me why I was late again. “Is it old or new?”asked Jim.

→Jim asked whether it was old or new.

提示：whether 可与or not连用，if 不可。

She asked whether we went there by train or not。

EG。用合适的连词填空。

1．I asked him _______ he could lend me some money.

2.The teacher said _______ the earth moves round the sun.

3.They asked me _______ had happened last night,but I was unable to tell them.

4.He asked me ________ I came late.

5.He told me _________ the price of the toy was.

练习：

以下句中有一处错误，请指出改正。

1. He asked me that I was born in 1998.___________

2. He told her you can read for them. ___________

3. She told me she wrote a letter to her sisters five days before.__________

4. She asked what was I doing at 9:00 p.m. ____________

II.将下列直接引语转换为简介引语：

1. She said .“He will be busy.”

→ She said that she would be busy.

2. She said to Tom,“Can you help me?’’

→She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.

3. The teacher asked,“How did you repair it?”

→The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

4.“Where is your brother playing now?” he asked.

→He asked where my brother was playing then.

5.My father said,“practice makes perfect.”

→

6.The boy said to us,“I usually get up at six every day.”

→

7.She said to me,“I’ve left my work in your room.”

→

8.“Did you plant rice last week?” he said to me.

→

直接引语和间接引语II

若直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要选用含有祈使意义的动词，如tell,ask,order,beg等,直接引语的动词改为不定式。如果祈使句为否定式，要在动词不定式前加not.

Eg.“Don’t touch anything in my room,” my brother said to me.

→My brother told me not to touch anything in his room.

“please have a rest,” he said to her.

→He asked her to have a rest.

提示：直接引语中引述动词不能用say.

1. 通常直接引语里含有please时，表示请求，间接引语用ask sb, (not) to do sth。且省略please.

She said to Tom,“Open the door ,please.”

→She asked Tom to open the door.

2直接引语中不含please时，表示命令，间接引语用tell sb. (not) to do sth.

“Stop laughing,” the teacher said to us.

→The teacher told us to stop laughing

Mr. Li said to the children,“Don’t make so much noise.”

→Mr. Li said to the children not to make so much noise.

3表示“命令某人做某事”事，间接引语用order sb.(not) to do sth.