直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语

I 直接引语和间接引语概述：

引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。

一． 直接引语：直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语。 引用直接引语时，汉语中多用冒号，而英语中多用逗号，而且把引用的别人的原

话放在双引号之中，第一个字母要大写，句末标点符号放在双引号之中 。

Mr Black said, "I'm busy ." 二． 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 间接引语不用引号，而多数情况下构成宾语从句。从句中的人称，时态，时间状语 ，地点状语和指示代词等要做相应的变化。

Mr Black said that he was busy . （一）具体项目变化如下： (1) 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，三不变。

即：直接引语中的第一人称随着(说话人)主语而变化，第二人称随着 (听话人)宾语而变化。第三人称不变。

He said to me ,''I've left my book in your room ."______

He told me that he had left his book in my room . (2) 指示代词的变化：

this____that these_______those (3) 动词的变化

come_____go

shall / should______should will /would_____would

can /could_____could may /might_____might

must_____must (4) 时间状语和地点状语的变化

now____then ago______before/earlier

today____that day tonight_______that night

yesterday_______the day before tomorrow______the next /following day

the day after tomorrow ______in two days' time

last week /month /year______the next week /month /year

here______there （5）时态的变化 (1) 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时：直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是

现在时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么在从句中，也就是在间接引语中，

时态不变。

Joy says ,"I know your uncle."_______Joy says he knows my uncle .

John says,"I've been reading the book this week ."______ John says he has been reading the book that week .

(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时：

直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语的时态也要变成相

应的过去时态 。具体变化如下; 一般现在时——一般过去时 一般过去时———过去完成时

现在完成时———过去完成时 过去完成时———过去完成时

一般将来时———过去将来时 现在进行时———过去进行时

现在完成进行时———过去完成进行时

1) He said,"You are right ."_______He said that I was right . 2) The old man said ,"I came here on foot ."______

The old man told me that he had gone there on foot .

3) Tom said ,"I have finished my homework ."________

Tom said that he had finished his homework .

4) The poor man said ,"My money had run out by last week."____ The poor man said his money had run out by the week before .

5) Joe told me, "Mr Li won't come until 9:00."______ Joe told me that Mr Li wouldn't come until 9 ：00 。

6）Tom said ,"I'm reading in my room ."______

Tom said that he was reading in his room . 7）She said ,"I've been working here for five years ."_________

She said she had been working there for five years.

注意：时态不变的情况： 1）直接引语是自然现象，客观真理，名言警句等，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun," the teacher told us .______

The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun .

Mother said,"There are four seasons and twelve months a year ."_____

Mother said that there are four seasons and twelve months a year. 2)直接引语是过去进行时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Jom said ,"Lucy, where were you going when I met you near the shop?"__

Jom asked Lucy where she was going when he met her near the shop . 3)直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

"My brother always goes to school by bike,"Jack said .______

Jack said that his brother always goes to school by bike. 4)直接引语中有过去某年某月等具体的时间做状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Henry said, "I was born on May25,2004."_________

Henry said he was born on May25,2004 . 5)should, would .could ,might, must , had better , ought to, used to,没有相应的过

去时，所以在间接引语中时态一般不变。 John said ,"You had better come here today."______

John said that I had better go there that day .

He said ,"You must be very fond of art ."______

He said that I must be very fond of art . 6)含有when, while , since等 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。

He said ,"it is many years since he came to live here ."______

He said that it was many years since he came to live here . 7)只着眼于转述事实，而不侧重动作先于转述动作，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变 。

The boy said,"I found the dog just at the edge of the wood ."______

The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood . 8)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来的形式，也可用其它情态动词表示，

但是要保留原来的意义。

He said,"You must be very fond of art ."______ He said that I must be very fond of art . (二）具体句型变化如下:

1 直接引语是陈述句时：

直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用that引导，that在口语中常省略，语序不变.

Joe told me,"Beijing is the capital of China."________ Joe told me that Beijing is the capital of China .

Ann said ,"I have already seen the film."_______

Ann said that she had already seen the film . 2 直接引语是疑问句时：

1）直接引语是一般疑问句时： 直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时用if /whether引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。

主句谓语动词是say或said时要改为ask或asked。没有间接引语的，可以根据情况加上。

Our teacher said ,"Are you interested in English?"______

Our teacher asked us if /whether we were interested in English.

"Do you think a diary can become your friend?" the writer says._- The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 2)直接引语是反意疑问句时：

当直接引语是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时往往用whether......or not引导宾语从句。

He asked," she is a doctor, isn't she?"______

He asked whether she was a doctor or not . Joe asked ,"You often write to your parents ,don't you?"______

Joe asked me whether I often wrote to my parents or not . 3)直接引语是选择疑问句时：

直接引语是选择疑问句时，变为间接引语时，用whether......or......引导宾语从句。

He asked me ," Do you like poems or novels?"______ He asked me whether I liked poems or novels 4)直接引语是特殊疑问句时：

直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语

序。

"What do you want ?' he asked me._______ He asked me what I wanted .