2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案(18)

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（20）Passage Eighteen (The Military Is In)Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers”and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, whenprotesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are morethan respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’service it is $2,305. The services’slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’just like in the commercials. And many militaryofficials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing somere-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military academics are also enjoying halcyonyears, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70’s, theROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A]. The Military is in . The Military is up[C]. The Military is down [D]. The Military is on2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military?[A]. Approval. . Indifferent. [C].Distaste. [D]. Scolding.3. The phrase “come out”is closest in meaning to[A]. “become visible”. . “begin to grow”.[C]. “be made public”. [D]. “gain a certain position”.4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.[A]. Free tuition. . Spacious room.[C]. Considerate allowance. [D]. Technical training.Vocabulary1. stage a comeback 再度走红，卷土重来2. standing tall 站得高3. babykiller 杀婴犯人4. denounce 谴责5. elite 杰出的，名牌的6. ROTC=Reserve Office’s TrainingCope (美)后备军官训练队7. falter 动摇不定，踌躇不前8. flourish 繁荣兴旺9. allure 诱惑10. come out 进入社交界，扬名11. the wide array 一大批，一大半12. PX=Post Exchange 陆军消费合作社13. sergeant 中士14. major 少校15. slick 聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的16. hallway 门厅，过道17. chant 单调重复的说话（唱歌）18. miscreant 无赖，恶棍19. retention rate 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例20. real bargain 好买卖，十分划算难句译注1. The services’slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillmenthas helped win over the TV generation.[结构简析] 句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（4）Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge)His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.“Y ou appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. Y ou see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”“But the Solar System! ” I protested.“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a t witch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by whichhe had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atla ntic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?[A]Praising.Critical.[C]Ironical.[D]Distaste.2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?[A]By deduction.By explanation.[C]By contrast.[D]By analysis.3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?[A]Learning what every body learned.Learning what was useful to you.[C]Learning whatever you came across.[D]Learning what was different to you.4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.V ocabulary1.Thomas Carlyle 托马斯•卡莱尔1795-1881美国作家、历史家、哲学家2.jumble (up) 搞乱，使混乱y hand on (upon) sth. 抓住，找到4.at best 最好的情况下5.elbow out (off) 用胳膊肘挤出，推出6.deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me?这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（2）Passage four(preface)Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.people whose knowledge of science is very limited.[C] the scientific community.[D] people who make good contribution to science.2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. Science affects almost every aspect of our life.[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science. are good at producing various gadgets.[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.4.According to this passage,[A] English is a sexist language.only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.5.This passage most probably is[A] a book review.the preface of a book.[C] the postscript of a book.[D] the concluding part of a book.Vocabularysubculture 亚文化群（指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人）superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的lay person 外行，门外汉，俗人musty 发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的gadget 小玩意儿，小配件，新发明pervasive 渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地implicit 含蓄的，内含的unspecified 未特别提出的offset 抵消，补偿难句译注An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.【参考译文】如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，那就比较容易了解科学的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科学概念。

2012 高考英语：阅读理解讲堂练教案（19）Passage Sixteen (Crime in puter)New and bizarre crimes have e into being with the advent of puter technology. Organized crime tohas been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes,theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage,⋯vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimesTheft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This isusually the theft or copying of valuable puter grogram. An international market already exists forputerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expandingcriminal market. Buyers for st olen programs may range from a firm’ s petitors to foreign nations.A petitor sabotages a pany ’puters system to destroy or cripple the firm ’operationals ability,thus neutralizing its petitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This putersabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With thegrowing reliance by firms on puters for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of theirputers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easilybuy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the pany is apetitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted onevery continent. Sophisticated puter technology arms these groups with awesome powers andopens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy puter facility at an air force base. A university puter facility involved in national defencework suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.puter vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private puter systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreigngovernments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leadersputers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminalscould easily turn these puters into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the puter of a life-supportsystem, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a puter, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could bee hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The puter may bee the hit man of the twentieth century.The puter opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too plex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to puter technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?[A]. 7.. 8.[C]. 9.[D]. 102.What is the purpose of a petitor to sabotage a pany’ s puter?[A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’ s operational ability.. His purpose is to weaken firm’ s petitive capability and get it.[C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’ s pany at a relatively low price.[D]. His purpose is to steal important data.3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a puter system?[A]. Sabotage of a university puter.. Sabotage of a hospital puter.[C]. Sabotage of puter at a secret training base.[D]. Sabotage of a factory puter.4.What does the author mean by “ Homicide could take a new form”?[A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a puter.[C].The puter can replace any weapons.[D].The function of a puter is just like a gun.Vocabularyarre奇异的2.vandalism损坏，成心损坏文化，的行3.cripple使，削弱4.fence市，品5.neutralize使成无效6.affluent富饶的7.recordkeeping存8.havoc大难，大损坏9.resort to求援于，借助于10.motivate作⋯⋯ 的机，激11.extremist激分子，极端主分子12.sprout萌快速展13.awesome令人惊惧的，惹起敬畏的14.vulnerability易受攻，柔弱15.devastation挟持，损坏16.hospital life-support system 医院的生命持系17.hit man凶手（手）18.pool集中（金）合，入股19.criminology犯法学，刑事学句注anized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes ⋯[ 构析 ] 句子很，都是句，中有分分开，后边是例。

2012年高考新课标全国英语试卷（解析版）【试卷总评】2012年全国新课标卷继续遵循“在稳定中求创新、在发展中求平衡”的原则。

试题总体难度适中，没有偏题、怪题。

听力部分基本保持稳定；单项填空考查知识全面，题干简洁、明快，容易理解；完形填空由常考的夹叙夹议文和记叙文改成了说明文，不过难度不太大，是一篇有关身势语话题的文章，内容不偏，并且课本中有类似的文章，所以显得熟悉、亲切；阅读理解总体难度较小，没有什么似是而非的干扰项；写作也是常见的电子邮件的形式，内容也是常见的。

和全国I相比，全国新课标卷增加了阅读填空题和短文改错新题型。

总之，2012年全国新课标卷是一套难度适中的好题。

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至14页。

第Ⅱ卷15至16页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

高中英语2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案(20)教案2012 高考英语：阅读理解讲堂练教案（20）Passage Eighteen (The Military Is In)Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging aremarkable eback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, oncedenounced by antiwar students as“ baby killers” and barred from campuses, are weled ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer ’Trainings Corps) programs, that faltered during the VietNam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The militaryacademies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training andgenerous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and bee, say,nuclear weapons specialists, they can e out and demand a salary of$60,000 a year. Militarysalaries, while not always petitive with those paid for parable jobs in the private sector, are morethan respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medicalservice, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is$574;for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years it is $2,305.’ serviceThe services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillmenthas helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting‘ Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like cialsinthe. Andmer many military officials feel thatthe key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’ s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to jointhe Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services bined is running at 101%ofauthorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing somere-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualifiedstudents. pared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, theservice schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’ s fresh Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid70’ s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.1.What is the main idea of this passage?[A]. The Military is in. The Military is up[C]. The Military is down[D]. The Military is on2. What was the attitude of the [A]. Approval. . Indifferent.students in 1970[C]. Distaste.’ s towards the military?[D]. Scolding.3.The phrase “ e out ” is closest in meaning to[A].“ beevisible” ..“ begin to grow”.[C]. “ be made public” .[D].“ gain a certain position”.4.Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.[A]. Free tuition.. Spacious room.[C]. Considerate allowance.[D]. Technical training.Vocabulary1.stage a eback再度走红，卷土重来2.standing tall站得高3.babykiller杀婴犯人4.denounce斥责5.elite优秀的，名牌的6.ROTC=Reserve Office’ s Training Cope(美 )后备军官训练队7.falter摇动不定，迟疑不前8.flourish繁华兴盛9.allure迷惑10. e out进入交际界，扬名11.the wide array一大量，一大部分12.PX=Post Exchange陆军花费合作社13.sergeant中士14.major少校15.slick明的，特别好的，吸引人的16.hallway，道17.chant重复的（唱歌）18.miscreant无，棍19.retention rate服役率，服役期不退伍的比率20.real bargain好，十分划算句注1.The services slick’ $175 million -a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.[ 构析 ]句子的主是campaign. 里指大模的广告（ advertising campaign ）。

2012高考英语阅读理解专讲专练（教师版）2012-4-242012高考英语阅读理解题型专讲专练（教师版）【细节理解题】做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。

解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。

查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。

〖第一招〗直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。

间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多数。

其常见命题方式有：1、特殊疑问句形式。

以what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等引出的问题；2、是非题。

通常以true / false, not true / false 提问以及以according to the text 开头；3、填空题。

通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。

〖第二招〗略读材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。

〖第三招〗按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关的信息词，如for example, first, second 等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实。

段落的组织形式常见的有时间型段落、空间型段落、列举型段落、例证型段落、程序型段落和对比型段落等。

高中英语2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案(30)教案2012 高考英语：阅读理解讲堂练教案（30）（结束）Passage Thirty-four(The Relationship between Brain Process with Mental Experience)By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared ratherdiscouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold,and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for anypossible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation,such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervousenergy, However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentialsfailed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methodsrefined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality ofthe impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead toinfluence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance amongnerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely, that nerve impulses a re essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as“ mon currency ”throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensorynerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but, rather,the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view.In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebralcortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for thatparticular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from theauditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number,arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations wereconcerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much moreremarkable than any of the minute differences.However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth,movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the same corticalareas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brainexcitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneouscerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experience psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses.1.Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental experience are related would most likely have been met with[A]. vexation.. irritability.[C]. discouragement[D]. neutrality2.The author mentions “ mon currency ” primarily in order to emphasize the [A].lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings.. similarities in the views of the scientists. [C].similarity of sensations of human beings.[D]. continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system.3.Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 16— 19?[A]. Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area ofthe brain stimulated.. Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately.[C].Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors they produce.[D].Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions.4.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitative variation?[A]. Nerve cells.. Nerve impulses.[C]. Cortical areas.[C]. Spatial patterns of nerve impulses.Vocabulary1.mental experiences精神感觉2.discharge放3.negligible细小的，能够忽视不的4.manifold多种多的，多方面5.neuron神元 /胞6.neural（中枢）神的（系）7.qualitative diversity的多性，量的8.disprove反，反9.homogeneous相像的10.sensory nerve感神11.cortical外皮的，皮的12.cerebral cortex大皮13.locus地址，地区14.psychoneural精神神15.heterogeneous异源的，异种的，异体的16.spatiotenporal空的句注1.Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.[ 构剖析 ] 句型 such ⋯ as 可 as 具相关系代作用，此作从句中had been demonstrated 的主。

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（8）Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control)The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.slow down the rate of its development.[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.[D] develop more quickly than at present.2.The Norwegian Government has tried to[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.3.According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to[A] the development of industry.a growth in population.[C] the failure of the development programme.[D] the development of new towns.4.In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be[A] a large reduction on unemployment.a growth in the tourist industry.[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.[D] the development of a number of service industries.5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.Vocabulary1.Norwegian 挪威的；挪威人2.coastline 海岸线3.recognition 承认；认识；赞赏4.countryside 乡下；乡民难句译注1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。