微生物染色(英文)

WOIRD格式革兰染色抗酸染色：分支杆菌属，诺卡放线菌属。

石炭酸复红染色，金永染色。

芽孢染色：用于区分细菌的芽孢和营养细胞。

结果芽孢染成绿色，营养细胞为红色。

晶体染色：观察苏云金杆菌不同变种的晶体形状大小。

结果晶体染成紫色，芽孢为透明椭圆形，仅见具有轮廓的折光体。

鞭毛染色：有赖夫生染色法、银盐染色法，西萨-基尔染色法等。

一般以西萨-基尔（Cesares-Gill）染法效果最佳。

异染颗粒染色：用于白喉棒状杆菌染色，直接涂片或改良阿伯特法染色。

墨汁荚膜染色：观察菌体有无荚膜，如新型隐球菌。

碳素墨汁。

镀银染色：螺旋体吉姆萨染色：螺旋体荧光染色魏申染色（wayson）染色：鼠疫耶尔森杆菌。

铬酸P、A、S真菌类染色。

结果：曲霉菌、念球菌属、细胞浆菌属、隐球菌属为红紫色。

曲霉菌丝周边紫红色，弹力纤维紫色，背景绿色。

Mann氏甲基蓝伊红染色法：病毒包涵体染色。

Negri氏小体红色。

Nacchiavello氏染色：病毒包涵体染色。

结果：包涵体、立克次氏体均染红色，其余组织呈蓝色。

Crocott-Gomori氏六胺银法：新型隐球菌碘染色法吉姆萨染色：衣原体乳酸酚棉蓝染色，糖原染色：真菌，前者适用于所有真菌，呈蓝色。

吉姆萨染色，瑞氏染色：鞭毛虫，滴虫，锥虫，疟原虫，弓形虫，隐孢子虫等原虫。

三色染色，碘染色：阿米巴等原虫。

荧光素吖啶橙染色：疟原虫。

金胺-酚染色：隐孢子虫。

甲苯胺蓝，四胺银染色：耶氏肺孢子虫。

专业资料整理。

microorganism微生物；bacterium细菌；Gram stain革兰染色；coccus球菌；bacillus 杆菌；vibro弧菌；peptidoglycan肽聚糖；teichoic acid磷壁酸；lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 脂蛋白；lipid A 脂质A；L formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒；capsule, 荚膜；flagellum,鞭毛；pilus, 菌毛；spore，芽胞Pyrogen,热原质；toxin,毒素；growth curve, 生长曲线Sterilization灭菌；disinfection消毒；autoclave压力蒸汽灭菌器；bacteriophage噬菌体；virulent phage毒性噬菌体；temperate phage 温和噬菌体transposable element转座元件；transposon转座子;mutation突变；transformation 转化；conjugation接合；transduction转导；lysogenic conversion溶原性转换pathogenicity 致病性；virulence毒力；exotoxin外毒素；endotoxin内毒素；normal flora正常菌群；conditioned pathogen机会致病菌；opportunistic infection机会性感染specimens标本；isolation分离；identification鉴定；artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫；artificial passive immunization人工被动免疫；vaccine疫苗；toxoid 类毒素；antitoxin抗毒素Staphlococcus葡萄球菌；Staphlococcus A protein葡萄球菌A蛋白；coagulase血浆凝固酶；enterotoxin肠毒素；Strptococcus链球菌；pyrogenic exotoxin致热外毒素；streptolysin链球菌溶素；hyaluronidase透明质酸酶E.coli大肠埃希菌；ETEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌；EIEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌；EPEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌；EHEC肠出血性大肠埃希菌；LT不耐热肠毒素；Shigella 志贺菌；Salmonella沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌；Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌；C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌；C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌mycobacterium tuberculosis结核分枝杆菌；acid-faststain抗酸染色；BCG卡介苗；OT test结核菌素试验；actinomycetes放线菌mycoplasma支原体；chlamydia衣原体；inclusion body网状体；rickettsia立克次体；spirochete螺旋体；fungus真菌；hypha菌丝；spore孢子capsid衣壳；envelope包膜；nucleocapsid核衣壳；replicative cycle复制周期；adsorption吸附；Penetration)穿入；uncoating脱壳；biosynthesis生物合成；defective viruse缺陷病毒；abortive infection顿挫感染cytopathic effect，CPE细胞病变效应；slow virus infection慢发病毒感染；persistent infection持续性病毒感染；interferon，IFN干扰素influenza virus流感病毒；hemagglutinin，HA血凝素；neuraminidase，NA 神经氨酸；antigenic drift抗原性漂移；antigenic shift抗原性转变；hepatitis B virus乙肝病毒；Dane颗粒；HBsAg乙肝表面抗原；HBIG高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒；AIDS艾滋病；prion朊粒。

微生物英文词汇active immunity（主动免疫）；active transport（主动运输）；Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）；aerobe（好氧微生物）；aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）；AIDS（爱滋病）；Ames test（艾姆氏实验）；anabolism（合成代谢）；anaerobe（厌氧微生物）；antibiotic（抗生素）；antibody（抗体）；antigen（抗原）；antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）；antimetabolite（抗代谢物）；antiseptic（防腐剂）；antiserum（抗血清）；antitoxin（抗毒素）；arthrospore（节孢子）；ascospore（子囊）；asepsis（无菌）；autoantibody（自身抗体）；autoantigen（自身抗原）；autoimmune disease（自身免疫疾病）；bacteriophage（噬菌体）；bacteriostatic（抑菌）；binary fission（二分裂）；broad spectrum（广谱）；Capsid（衣壳）；capsomer（衣壳粒）：capsule（荚膜）：Catabolism（分解代谢）：cell-mediated immune（细胞介导免疫）：chemoautotroph（化能自养菌）：chemotaxis（趋化性）：Chemotherapy（化学治疗剂）：chitin（几丁质）：complement（补体）：Conldia（分生孢子）：Conjugation（接合）：Colony(菌落)：Contaminant（污染物）：Culture（培养物）：differential medium（鉴别培养基）：differential stain（鉴别染色）：Disinfection（消毒）：ELISA（酶联免疫）：endospore（芽孢）：endotoxin（内毒素）：enriched medium（加富培养基）：enveloped virus（包膜病毒）：essential nutrient（必须营养）：eucaryotic cell（真核细胞）：Exotoxin（外毒素）：Facultative（兼性的）：Fermentation（发酵）：Flagellum（鞭毛）Genotype（表型）：Glycolysis（糖酵解）：Gram stain（革兰氏染色）：Granulocyte（粒细胞）：growth factor（生长因子）Halophlle（嗜盐菌）：H antigen（H-抗原）：helper T cell（辅助T-细胞）：Heterotroph（异养菌）：Immunity（免疫）：immunogen（免疫原）：immune system（免疫系统）：immunoglobulin（免疫球蛋白）：Inclusion（内含物）：Infection（感染）：infectious disease（感染性疾病）：Inflammation（发炎）：Inoculation（接种）：Interferon（干扰素）：Isolation（分离）：Latency（潜伏）：L form（L-型菌）：Lipopolysaccharide（脂多糖，LPS）：Lysis（溶解）：lysosome （溶酶体）：病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, A TCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium 结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis[孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium小分生孢子microconidium节分生孢子arthroconidium芽分生孢子blastoconidium器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation 交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria 球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony 子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism 真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage 噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA 脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin 产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin 黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factormixed culture（混合培养）：monoclonal antibody（单克隆抗体）：Monocyte（单核细胞）：Mutagen（诱变剂）：Mutation（突变）Mycelium（菌丝体）：narrow spectrum（窄谱）：negative stain（负染色）：nitrogen fixation（固氮）：Nucleocapsid（核衣壳）：Nucleoid（拟核）：Nutrient（营养物质）：Obligate（专性的）：Parasite（寄生）：Pasteurization（巴斯德消毒）：Pathogen（病原体）：Saprophytes(腐生型)Pathogenidty（致病性）：Pathology（病原学）：passive transport（被动扩散）;Penicillins（青霉素）：Peptidoglycan(肽聚糖)：Plasmids（质粒）periplasmic space（周质空间）：Phage（噬菌体）：Phenotype（表型）：Photoautotroph（光能自养菌）：Pilus（性丝）;prophage（前噬菌体）：Protoplast（原生质体）：Pseudohypha（假菌丝）：Psychrophile（嗜冷菌）：respiratory chain（呼吸链）：reverse transcriptase（逆转录酶）：SCP（单细胞蛋白）：selective media（选择培养基）：Serotyping（血清型）：sexual reproduction（有性繁殖）Spheroplast（球形体）：spike（刺突）：Spirillum（螺菌）：Spirochete（螺旋体）：Sporangium（孢囊）：Sterilization（灭菌）：A Strain（菌株）：subcellular vaccine（亚单位疫苗）：superoxide ion（超氧离子）：suppressor T cell（抑制T细胞）：temperate phage（温和噬菌体）：thermal death point（致死温度）：thermal death time( 热致死时间)：Therrnophlle（嗜热菌）：Toxoid（类毒素）：Transduction（转导）：Transformation（转化）：Transposon（转座）：V accine（免疫法）：V irold（类病毒）：Zygospore（接合孢子）。

A* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属* Adenovirus 腺病毒* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验* Apparent infection 显性感染* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌* Binary fission 二分裂* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素* Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒* Capsid 衣壳* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态* C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌* Chlamydia 衣原体—* Chronic infection 慢性感染* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌E* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝I* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒* Innate immunity 天然免疫* Integration 整合* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭L* Latent infection 潜伏感染* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖* Lyme disease 莱姆病* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶M* Measles virus 麻疹病毒* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学* Microorganism 微生物* M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒—* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶* N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌* N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫* Normal flora 正常菌群* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白P* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体—* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌*Pyrogen 热原质R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属* S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌* S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断* S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染* S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞*S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O* S.typhi 伤寒沙门菌* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒T* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体—* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度* Toxemia 毒血症* Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒* Vertical transmission 垂直传播* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌W* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应Y* Yersina 耶尔森菌Z* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。

杂色曲霉素 A versicolorin A[孢子]切落abjunction抑殖素ablastin流产菌素abortin[孢子]缢断abstriction分生孢子盘acervulus醋化作用acetification产乙酸菌acetogen消色差透镜achromatic lens抗酸细菌染色法acid-fast staining 酸化作用acidification嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria拉霉素aclacinomycin顶生孢子acrospore放线酮actidione, cycloheximide 放线菌actinomycetes放线菌素actinomycin活性污泥activated sludge活性干酵母active dry yeast腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus 腺病毒adenovirus粘附素adhesin阿霉素adriamycin 锈孢子aeciospore锈子器aecium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium需氧菌aerobe需氧培养aerobic cultivation需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活aerobiosis产气菌aerogen趋氧性aerotaxis耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria粘菌体aethalium黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin琼脂agar琼脂平板agar plate琼脂斜面agar slant伞菌氨酸agarfitine蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid攻击素aggressin攻击力aggressivity陈酿化aging农业微生物学agricultural microbiology土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin静息孢子akinete阿氏染色Albert‘s staining侧生孢子aleuriospore藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan腊肠形孢子allantospore异株克生物质allelopathic substances 异种克生[现象] allelopathy别藻蓝素allophycocyanin虫道真菌ambrosia fungi氨丁苷菌素ambutyrosin偏害共栖amensalism美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC无隔孢子amerospore埃姆斯试验Ames test氨化作用ammonification两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate兼性营养amphitrophy两性霉素amphotericin阿明露法amylo process厌氧菌anaerobe厌氧培养室anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养anaerobic cultivation 厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration 厌氧生活anaerobiosis不产气菌anaerogen无性型anamorph[菌丝]融合anastomosis雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis雄器柄androphore产雄器孢子androspore环痕孢子annellospore菌环annulus无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria 安丝菌素ansamitocin拮抗作用antagonism抗蠕霉素anthelmycin雄器antheridium抗菌剂antibacterial agent抗生素antibiotic抗生谱antibiotic spectrum抗白喉血清antidiphtheric serum 消泡剂antifoam agent抗真菌剂antifungal agent抗原性漂移antigenic drift抗原性转变antigenic shift抗溶[菌]素antilysin抗代谢物antimetabolites抗微生物剂antimicrobial agent抗霉素antimycin防腐antisepsis防腐剂antiseptic抗血清antiserum抗毒素antitoxin[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere 顶体apicle除疟霉素aplasmomycin全消色差透镜apochromatic lens 无融合生殖apomixis囊托apophysis子囊盘apothecium[菌体]附器appendage阿泊拉霉素apramycin水生微生物学aquatic microbiology虫媒病毒arbovirus古细菌archaebacteria古始生物界archetista流通蒸汽灭菌器Arnold steam sterilizor 节分生孢子arthroconidium节孢子arthrospore子囊果ascocarp产囊丝ascogenous hypha子囊菌ascomycetes子囊孢子ascospore子囊孢子形成ascosporulation子囊座ascostroma子囊ascus无菌操作aseptic technique曲霉菌素aspergillin曲霉毒素aspertoxin无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts[病毒]装配assembly同化作用assimilation伴随病毒associated virus非共生固氮作用asymbiotic nitrogen fixation减毒株attenuated strain减毒作用attenuation高压灭菌器autoclave高压灭菌autoclaving自身接种autoinoculation 自溶素autolysin自溶[现象] autolysis自动气锁automatic airlock自养菌autotrophic bacteria自养演替autotrophic succession 自养autotrophy自身疫苗autovaccine自身菌苗autovaccine生长谱auxanogram生长谱测定[法] auxanography营养缺陷型auxotroph除虫菌素avermectin纯性培养axenic cultivation纯性培养物axenic culture轴丝axial filament固氮菌剂azotogen拟接合孢子azygospore单性合子azygote葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA杆菌肽bacitracin菌血症bacteremia细菌bacteria菌落计数器bacterial colony counter菌苗bacterial vaccine细菌毒力bacterial virulence杀细菌剂bactericide杀[细]菌素bactericidin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll细菌素bacteriocin菌红素bacterioerythrin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein细菌学bacteriology溶菌作用bacteriolysis溶[细]菌反应bacteriolytic reaction 噬菌体bacteriophage噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing 噬菌体学bacteriophagology菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin 细菌小体bacteriosome抑菌作用bacteriostasis抑菌剂bacteriostat细菌毒素bacteriotoxin亲菌素bacteriotropin类菌体bacteroid掷孢子ballistospore嗜压菌barophilic bacteria[噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge 基础培养基basic medium担子果basidiocarp担子菌basidiomycetes担子体basidiophore担孢子basidiospore担子basidium分批培养batch cultivation[罐]批发酵batch fermentation卡介苗BCG vaccine豆芽汁培养基bean sprouts medium 牛肉汁beef broth牛肉膏beef extract双环霉素bicyclomycin二分分裂binary fission双目显微镜binocular microscope 生物测定bioassay生化培养基biochemical medium 生物转化bioconversion沼气biogas生物防治biological control生物制品biological products生物质biomass生物量biomass生物圈biosphere生物型biotype生物变型biovar双相培养biphasic cultivation两极染色bipolar staining双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus杀稻瘟素blasticidin芽分生孢子blastoconidium芽生孢子blastospore盲传blind passage水华blooms下面发酵bottom fermentation下面酵母bottom yeast麸曲bran koji酿造brewing酿造技术brewing technique明视野显微镜bright field microscope 肉汤培养broth cultivation肉汤培养物broth culture布氏菌素brucellin芽殖budding[噬菌体]裂解量burst size丁苷菌素butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素candicidin 烛罐candle jar孢丝capillitium卷曲霉素capreomycin, capromycin[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere荚膜capsule石炭酸品红carbol fuchsin碳平衡carbon balance一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria洋红霉素carminomycin类葫萝卜素carotenoids带菌者carrier带[病]毒者carrier载体噬菌体carrier phage[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸casamino acids柄细菌caulobacteria香柏油cedar oil天青菌素celesticetin细胞系cell line细胞株cell strain纤维素酶cellulase中生芽孢central spore壳心centrum头孢菌素cephalosporin单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养chemoautotrophy化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy恒化器chemostat趋化性chemotaxis化学疗法chemotherapy化能营养chemotrophy向化性chemotropism化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM衣原体chlamydia厚壁孢子chlamydospore氯霉素chloromycetin, chloramphenicol金霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 载色体chromatophore产色细菌chromogenic bacteria色霉素chromomycin创新霉素chuangxinmycin[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor壶菌chytrid孢子角cirrus锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection棒酸clavulanic acid闭囊果cleistocarp闭囊壳cleistothecium顶极群落climax community氯林肯霉素clindamycin 杯伞素clitocybine克隆clone封闭生长系统closed growth system 聚簇cluster盾状体clypeus凝固酶coagulase凝固酶因子coagulase factor球杆菌coccobacillus球菌coccus半透明型突变噬斑cococarde协同培养co-cultivation多核细胞coenocyte多核配子coenogamete多核孢子囊coenosporangium多核合子coenozygote共固定化作用co-immobilization大肠菌素colicin, colicine大肠杆菌素生成因子colicinogenic factor 大肠菌类coliform group大肠[杆]菌指数coli-index粘菌素colistin大肠[杆]菌值colititre噬菌体]颈部collar囊领collarette菌落colony菌落形成单位colony forming units, CFU囊轴columella联合疫苗combined vaccine偏利共栖commensalism伴生种companions相容性compatibility 感受态competence兢争[共栖] competition互补complementation完全培养基complete medium复合对称complex symmetry[噬菌体]串联体concatemer凹玻片concave slide条件致死conditional lethal条件突变株conditional mutant条件致病菌conditioned pathogen分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子梗conidiophore分生孢子conidium[噬菌体]接合分裂conjugate division 接合[作用] conjugation[噬菌体]颈圈connector聚生体consortium缢缩[作用] constriction污染物contaminant污染contamination连续培养continuous cultivation连续发酵continuous fermentation 连续灭菌continuous sterilization 庖肉培养基cooked meat medium鬼伞菌素coprinin索状因子cord factor蛹虫草菌素cordycepin[噬菌体]髓部core核心core菌丝束coremium[芽孢]皮层cortex香菇菌素cortinellin棒状菌corynebacteria粘粒cosmid对染[法] counterstaining盖玻片cover glass临界杀菌浓度critical killing dilution 交叉复活cross reactivation深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage隐生现象cryptobiosis立体对称cubical symmetry培养cultivation培养物culture 培养瓶culture flask移种culture transfering盘菌cup fungi[噬菌体]自愈curing蓝细菌cyanobacteria藻青素cyanophycin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule环丝氨酸cycloserine环孢菌素cyclosporin杯碟法cylinder plate method囊状体cystidium松胞菌素cytochalasin胞霉素cytomycin致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, CPE质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV大曲Daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor)暗视野dark-field暗视野显微镜dark-field microscope暗视野显微术dark-field microscopy子菌落daughter colony道诺霉素daunomycin衰亡期decline phase分解者decomposer深层菌落deep colony干扰缺损颗粒defective interfering particle[病毒]缺损突变株defective mutant缺损病毒defective virus确定成分培养基defined medium干燥培养基dehydrated medium反硝化作用denitrification 反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria浓核病毒densovirus,DNV皮肤坏死毒素dermatonecrotoxin越霉素destomycin生物致劣deterioration鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology 诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology 透析培养dialysis cultivation乳品微生物学diary microbiology双峰生长曲线diauxie growth curve砖格孢子dictyospore双胞孢子didymospore[分辨]干涉差显微镜Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM鉴别培养基differential medium鉴别染色法differential staining稀释法dilution method稀释平板分离法dilution-plate method 双态性真菌dimorphic fungi双态现象dimorphism白喉毒素diphtheria toxin2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA 双杆菌diplobacillus双球菌diplococcus盘状子囊果discocarp消毒剂disinfectant消毒disinfection双孢担孢子dispore异化作用dissimilation偏端霉素distamycin 供体donor休眠dormancy倍增时间doubling time抗药基因drug resistant gene抗药性菌株drug resistant strain药物敏感性drug susceptibility抗药性drug-resistance干热灭菌dry heat sterilization杜氏发酵管Durham‘s fermentation tube侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌群失调dysbacteriosis[病毒]早期基因early genes[病毒]早期蛋白early protein齿孔酸eburicoic acid艾柯病毒ECHO virus隐蔽期eclipse period内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza外生菌根ectomycorrhiza毛外癣菌ectothrix成斑效率efficiency of plating弹丝elater电[子显微]镜electron microscope 原[生小]体elementary body伊红甲烯蓝琼脂EMB agar远藤培养基Endo‘s medium内生担子endobasidium内分生孢子endoconidium内源变量endogenenous variable 内源病毒endogenous virus内生菌根endomycorrhiza内生孢子endospore内共生endosymbiosis毛内癣菌endothrix内毒素endotoxin 滋养培养基enriched medium富集培养基enrichment medium 肠球菌素enterococcin肠毒素enterotoxin肠道病毒enterovirus虫生真菌entomogenous fungi昆虫病原微生物entomopathogen 昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope antigen 包膜envelope, peplos上担子epibasidium表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin 囊层被epithecium红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin红霉素erythromycin抑酯酶素esterastin病原学etiology真细菌eubacteria真核生物eukaryote广温微生物eurythermal microorganism真病毒euvirus扁枝衣霉素everninomicin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin外壁exine芽孢外膜exitine外生孢子exospore[孢子]外壁exosporium外毒素exotoxin指数生长exponential growth胞外酶extracellular enzyme极端细菌extreme bacteria乙型肝炎e抗原HBeAg420 因子factor 420兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe 苛求菌fastidious microorganism黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 反馈抑制feed back inhibition可发酵性fermentability发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity发酵罐fermenter硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes冯巴赫瓶Fernbach flask致育因子fertility factor富尔根染色Feulgen staining[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin丝状型菌落filamentous type colony 过滤除菌filtration sterilization[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[狂犬病]固定毒fixed virus鞭毛抗原flagellar antigen鞭毛基体flagellar basal body鞭毛蛋白flagellin鞭毛flagellum平罐酸败菌flat sour bacteria平[罐]酸败flat-sour spoilage亚麻浸渍flax retting菌群flora区系flora荧光显微镜fluorescence microscope 食品微生物学food microbiology食物中毒food poisoning足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell前芽孢forespore间型霉素formycin 健霉素fortimicin磷霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病foulbrood分部培养[法] fractional cultivation断裂fragmentation弗氏[细胞]压碎器French cell press子实体fruiting body真菌fungi抑真菌剂fungistat菌丝索funiculus镰孢菌酸fusarinic acid顶生厚壁孢子fuseau配囊交配gametangial copulation配子囊gametangium配子gamete配子母细胞gametocyte气泡gas vacuoleGC值GC values明胶液化gelatine liquefication基因簇gene cluster基因转移gene transfer普通微生物学general microbilogy 遗传转化genetic transformation 基因型genotype艮他霉素gentamicin[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins芽孔germ pore芽缝germ slit芽管germ tube无菌动物germ-free animal无菌植物germ-free plant杀菌剂germicides菌蜕ghost巨大菌落giant colony产孢体gleba滑行gliding 滑行细菌gliding bacteria胶霉毒素gliotoxin葡萄糖效应glucose effect多糖包被glycocalyx悉生生物学gnotobiology悉生生物gnotobiote微生子gonidium谷氏菌素gougerotin薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes梯度平板gradient plate革兰氏染色Gram staining短杆菌肽gramicidin革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin细菌淀粉粒granulose颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV灰霉素grisein灰黄霉素griseofulvin生长因子growth factor顾氏小体Guarnieri‘s bodies溶血[作用] haemolysis嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria囊间丝hamathecium悬滴法hanging drop method乙型肝炎核心抗原HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原HBsAg[噬菌体]头部head热固定heat fixation螺旋对称helical symmetry卷旋孢子helicospore辅助病毒helper virus血细胞吸附hemadsorption, HD血凝抑制hemagglutination inhibition 血细胞凝集hemagglutination, HA 血凝素hemagglutinin半担子hemibasidium溶血素hemolysin溶血试验hemolytic test除莠菌素herbicidin除莠霉素herbimycin隔担子heterobasidium异形[囊]胞heterocyst异型发酵heterofermentation异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria异形配子heterogamete异配生殖heterogamy异源性heterology异宗配合heterothallism异养菌heterotrophic bacteria异养潜能heterotrophic potential 异养演替heterotrophic succession 异养heterotrophy杂合[现象] heterozygosis异形合子heterozygote[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons高频重组high frequency of recombination, Hfr高倍物镜high power objective变异H-O variation H-O固着器holdfast无隔担子holobasidium全型holomorph全霉素holomycin 同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria同担子homobasidium同型发酵homofermentation同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage同源性homology同宗配合homothallism[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium宿主范围突变株host range mutant透明质酸酶hyaluronidase硫化氢试验hydrogen sulfide production test产氢菌hydrogenogens氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria潮霉素hygromycin子实层hymenium子实层体hymenophore菌丝hypha虫菌体hyphal body菌丝段hyphal fragment溶菌丝作用hypholytic action附着枝hyphopodium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium休眠孢子hypnospore下担子hypobasidium地下真菌hypogeal fungi下子座hypostroma囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium缝裂壳hyste二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 鉴定identification 特需营养要求型idiotroph岛霉素ilamycin固定化细胞immobilized cell免疫粘连血凝测定immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA半知菌imperfect fungi原位培养in situ cultivation体外in vitro体内in vivo烧灼灭菌incineration rothecium包含体inclusion body内含颗粒inclusion granule培养箱incubator墨汁荚膜染色India-ink capsule staining指示菌indicator土著区系indigenous flora土著菌群indigenous flora吲哚试验indole test诱发变异induced variation[可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage菌裙indusium工业微生物学industrial microbiology传染infection感染infection侵染infection感染中心infectious center侵染中心infectious center半感染剂量infectious dose 50%, ID 50 侵染剂量infective dose, ID 感染剂量infective dose, ID侵染性infectivity感染性infectivity[衣原体]始体initial body接种环inoculating loop接种针inoculating needle接种箱inoculation hood接种inoculation, inoculating, inoculate接种物inoculum无囊盖类inoperculatae干扰[现象] interference干扰素interferon国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS种间分子氢转移interspecies H transfer肠道细菌intestinal bacteria 芽孢内膜intine胞内酶intracellular enzyme 侵袭力invasiveness倒置显微镜invert microscope 衰老型involution form虹彩病毒irido virus铁细菌iron bacteria同形配子囊isogametangium 同形配子isogamete同配生殖isogamy分离isolation分离培养基isolation medium 同形孢子isospore 天神霉素istamycin双氢除虫菌素ivermectin交沙霉素josamycin卡那霉素kanamycin春日霉素kasugamycin致死颗粒killer particle柯斯特染料Koester‘s stain日本酒曲koji曲酸kojic acid克氏瓶Kolle flask科氏试验Kolmer test柯氏氧化酶试剂Kovac‘s oxidase reagent柯氏试剂Kovac‘s reagent延滞期lag phaseλ噬菌体lambda particles phage蓝氏链球菌分群试验Lancefield‘sstreptococcal grouping test兔化法lapinization兔化毒lapinized virus[病毒]晚期基因late genes[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein潜伏病毒latent virus菌苔lawn渗漏突变体leaky mutant豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin赖夫松鞭毛染色Leifson‘s flagella staining透镜lens麻风菌素lepromin杀白细胞素leucocidin白细胞溶素leucolysin 柱晶白霉素leucomycin林可霉素lincomycin脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides液体曲liquid koji液体培养基liquid medium液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation液态发酵liquid state fermentation无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria石蕊牛奶litmus milk活菌苗live bacterial vaccine活疫苗live vaccine子囊腔locule吕氏甲烯蓝Lo effler‘s methylene blue吕氏血清培养基Loeffler‘s serum medium对数期log phase丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha低倍物镜low power objective弱毒株low virulent strain鲁戈氏碘液Lugol‘s iodine solution 发光细菌luminous bacteria冻干[保藏]法lyophilization[噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysis inhibition溶原现象lysogenesis溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria溶原性转换lysogenic conversion 溶原化lysogenization溶原性lysogeny溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin溶菌酶lysozyme 裂解周期lytic cycle细菌L-型L-form of bacterium辅酶M coenzyme M麦氏[立克次氏体]染色Macchiavello‘s staining麦氏培养基MacConkey medium大分生孢子macroconidium放大率magnification主发酵main fermentation孔雀石绿溶液malachite green solution[马]鼻疽菌素试验mallein test麦芽汁malt wort曼德勒尔滤器Mandler filter手动气锁manual airlock海洋微生物学marine microbiology醪液mash异染粒matachromatic granules交配型mating type美登素maytenin肉膏meat extract医学微生物学medical microbiology 培养基medium薄膜滤器membrane filter疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes柱孢子囊merosporangium中温菌mesophilic bacteria间体mesosome半自养mesotrophy代谢共栖metabiosis甲烷粒体methanochondria 产甲烷菌methanogen产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis甲基红试验methyl red test甲烯蓝还原试验methylene blue reduction test甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria甲基营养methylotrophy酒霉素methymycin梗基metulae微需氧菌microaerobe微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物生态学microbial ecology微生物生态系统microbial ecosystem微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物浸矿microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂microbial pesticide微生物生理学microbial physiology 微生物传感器microbial sensor微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微体microbody微荚膜microcapsule小分生孢子microconidium微包囊microcyst微生物区系microflora显微操作micromanipulation显微操作器micromanipulator微量营养micronutrient微生物microorganism显微镜microscope显微镜集光器microscope condenser 镜检microscopic examination显微肥达氏凝集试验microscopic Widal agglutination test微孔滤器millipore filter最小感染量minimal infecting dose, MID最小抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC最小致死量minimal lethal dose, MLD 光神霉素mithramycin丝裂霉素mitomycin混合培养mixed cultivation混合培养物mixed culture霉菌mold, mould柔膜细菌mollicutes莫能菌素monensin单形现象monomorphism单鞭毛菌monotricha[噬菌体]畸形体monster形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar最大机率法most probable number method, MPNM最大机率数most probable number, MPN粘液型菌落mucoid colony多分体病毒multicomponent virus多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus复分裂multiple fission胞壁酸muramic acid毒蝇碱muscarine蘑菇mushrooms 诱变剂mutagen诱变mutagenesis突变体mutant突变mutation互利共栖mutualism菌丝酰胺mycelianamide菌丝体mycelium菌丝球mycelium pellet真菌中毒mycetism含菌细胞mycetosome杀真菌剂mycocide[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle 分枝菌酸mycolic acid真菌学mycology菌霉素mycomycin真菌噬菌体mycophage霉酚酸mycophenolic acid菌根mycorrhiza菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi真菌毒素mycotoxin真菌病毒mycovirus麦迪霉素mydecamycin, midecamycin 真菌醇mykol粘孢子myxospore裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion天然培养基natural medium暗霉素nebramycin致坏死寄生物necroparsite坏死病毒necrosis virus负染[色法] negative staining 负链negative strand内氏小体Negri‘s body新霉素neomycin纺锤菌素netropsin神经氨酸酶neuraminidase神经毒性neurotoxicity神经毒素neurotoxin神经毒力neurovirulence无关共栖neutralism中和试验neutralization test根瘤菌剂nitragin硝酸盐还原试验nitrate reduction test 硝化作用nitrification硝化细菌nitrobacteria氮平衡nitrogen balance固氮作用nitrogen fixation固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria诺卡菌素nocardin结节状菌丝nodular mycelium无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha正常菌群normal flora新生霉素novobiocin核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV核壳nucleocapsid类核nucleoid数值分类法numerical taxonomy营养琼脂nutrient agar营养肉汤nutrient broth制霉菌素nystatin 菌体抗原O antigen物镜objective专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe赭曲毒素ochratoxin目镜ocular目镜测微计ocular micrometer[流感病毒] O-D相变异O-D variation 粉孢子梗oidiophore粉孢子oidium油浸物镜oil immersion objective老培养物old culture旧结核菌素old tuberculin, OT竹桃霉素oleandomycin微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamic action 微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria 肿瘤病毒oncovirus一步生长[曲线] one step growth卵配子oogamete藏卵器oogonium卵菌oomycetes卵质ooplasm卵球oosphere卵孢子oospore敞口发酵open fermentation开放生长系统open growth system 操纵子operon蛇孢菌素ophiobollin机会致病菌opportunistic pathogen 有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria 孔口ostiole牛津杯Oxford cup氧化酶试验oxidase test需氧量oxygen requirement生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria向氧性oxytropism古微生物学paleomicrobiology 泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus侧丝paraphysis类侧丝paraphysoid准性生殖parasexuality寄生parasitism伴胞晶体parasporal crystal巴龙霉素paromomycin过客病毒passenger virus巴氏效应Pasteur effect巴氏消毒法pasteurization病原体pathogen致病性pathogenicity致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar展青霉素patulin梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium 果胶酶pectinase菌膜pellicle[病毒]侵入penetration青霉酸penicillic acid青霉素penicillin青霉素酶penicillinase 帚状枝penicillus[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons包膜突起peplomerbody肽聚糖peptidoglycan[蛋白]胨peptone[蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium完全真菌perfect fungi产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin包被peridium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella壁膜间隙periplasmic space子囊壳perithecium周[鞭]毛菌peritricha通透酶permease鼠疫菌素pesticin培养皿Petri dish石油微生物学petroleum microbiology 费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer‘s phenomenon 噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin相差显微镜phase contrast microscope 噬粒phasmid石炭酸系数phenol coefficient表型phenotype表型混杂phenotypic mixing瓶梗phialide 瓶梗孢子phialospore磷平衡phosphorus balance光同化作用photo-assimilation光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养photoautotrophy光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria光能有机营养photoorganotrophy光复活作用photoreactivation光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria 趋光性phototaxis光养菌phototrophic bacteria 光营养phototrophy向光性phototropism有隔担子phragmobasidium 多隔孢子phragmospore藻胆素phycobilin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin 噬藻体phycophage叶际微生物phyllospheric microorganism 植物杀菌素phytocidin毒植物素phytotoxin菌盖pileus菌毛蛋白pilin[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein菌毛pilus游动合子planozygote蚀斑plaque噬斑plaque蚀斑形成单位plaque forming unit,PFU 噬斑突变株plaque mutants质粒plasmid质粒不相容性plasmid incompatibility 平板plate平板培养plate cultivation平板培养物plate culture平板划线plate streaking平板接种plating肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin 肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin痘疱试验pock assay毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom多重营养缺陷型polyauxotroph [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead多角体蛋白polyhedrin多角体polyhedron多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus 多形现象polymorphism多态[现象] polymorphism多粘菌素polymyxin 多氧菌素polyoxin[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath聚硅酸盐平板polysilicate plate多价菌苗polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价疫苗polyvalent vaccine聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate混合分型血清pooled typing serum孔出孢子porospore正链positive strand马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂potato dextrose agar, PDA倾注培养[法] pour plate method捕食真菌predacious fungi捕食作用predation前原噬菌体preprophage原始培养物primary culture前发酵primary fermentation 原发性感染原primary invader 原生演替primary succession 灵菌红素prodigiosin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin[噬菌体]生产性感染productive infection原配子囊progametangium原配子progamete始祖生物progenote原核生物prokaryote启动子promotor原噬菌体prophage原孢子囊prosporangium 蛋白质包膜protein envelope原生生物protista原生生物学protistology原担子protobasidium初级合作protocooperation原生植物protophyte原生质体protoplast原生质体融合protoplast fusion原生质体再生protoplast regeneration 原养型prototroph原养菌prototrophic bacteria原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus原生动物protozoan原生动物学protozoology原病毒provirus假菌丝体pseudomycelium拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan拟包被pseudoperidium假隔膜pseudoseptum假型病毒pseudotype virus假病毒体pseudovirion嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria纯培养pure cultivation纯培养物pure culture纯化purification纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD紫膜purple membrane紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria 腐败putrefaction器孢子pycnidiospore分生孢子器pycnidium[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium器菌核pycnosclerotium绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein核菌pyrenomycetes致热原pyrogen曲Qu(raw starter)荚膜膨胀试验quellung test球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE受体recipient重组体recombinant重组recombination重组子recon重分配redistribution再接种reinoculation影印培养法replica plating复制replication病毒复制replication of virus复制周期replicative cycle复制子replicon生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium耐药[性决定]因子resistance determining factor抗药因子resistance factor 耐药性转移因子resistance transfer factor, RTF分辨率resolving power静息细胞resting cell局限转导restricted transduction逆[转]录病毒retro virus沤麻retting疫苗再接种revaccination逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase 制反转录酶素revistin根霉促进素rhizopin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin根际微生物rhizospheric microorganism红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 核糖霉素ribostamycin, vistamycin立克次氏体rickettsia利福霉素rifamycin龟裂杀菌素rimocidin环状染色体ring chromosome瑞斯托菌素ristocetin杆菌rod滚管培养法rolling tube cultivation 滚管技术rolling tube technique根瘤root nodule根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria蔷薇霉素rosamicin粗糙型菌落rough colony粗糙型rough type红比霉素rubidomycin瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology 锈病rust disease锈菌rust fungi沙氏葡萄糖琼脂Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar糖化剂sacchariferous agents糖化作用saccharification相模霉素sagamicin盐霉素salinomycin沙门-志贺氏琼脂Salmonella-Shigella agar, S.S.agar腐生菌saprophytic bacteria腐生营养saprophytic nutrition腐生现象saprophytism八叠球菌sarcina肉瘤霉素sarkomycin卫星病毒satellite virus卫星现象satellitism扫描电[子显微]镜scanning electron microscope, SEM裂殖schizogenesis裂殖植物schizophyte菌核sclerotium线形孢子scolecospore暗细菌scotobacteria次生菌落secondary colony后发酵secondary fermentation继发性感染原secondary invader次生菌丝体secondary mycelium次生演替secondary succession扇形突变secter mutation种子罐seeding tank 酒母seeding yeast赛氏[细菌]滤器Seitz filter选择性培养基selective medium半连续[型]发酵semicontinuous fermentation半固体培养基semisolid medium半合成培养基semisynthetic medium 敏化细菌sensitized bacteria有隔菌丝septate hypha隔膜septum血清学鉴定serological identification 血清学特异性serological specificity 血清型serotype血清变型serovar刚毛seta性因子sex factor性丝sex pilus摇合培养shake cultivation振荡培养shake cultivation浅盘发酵shallow tray fermentation 鞘sheath鞘细菌sheathed bacteria制唾酸酶素siastatin嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria青贮饲料silage单细胞蛋白single cell protein, SCP单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus 紫苏霉素sisomicin斜面培养slant cultivation斜面培养物slant culture载玻片slide 玻片培养slide cultivation玻片培养物slide culture粘细菌slime bacteria粘液层slime layer粘菌slime mold, slime mould慢病毒slow virus涂片smear光滑型菌落smooth colony光滑型smooth type黑粉病smut disease黑粉菌smut fungi土壤微生物学soil microbiology固体培养基solid medium固态发酵solid state fermentation 比生长速率specific growth rate无特定病原动物specific pathogen free animals, SPFA壮观霉素spectinomycin, actinospectacin精子团spermatium精子器spermogonium球状胞sphaerocyst原生质球spheroplast刺突spike螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium螺旋霉素spiramycin螺[旋]菌spirilla酸败spoilage自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis孢囊果sporangiocarp 小孢子囊sporangiole孢囊柄sporangiophore孢囊孢子sporangiospore孢[子]囊sporangium孢子spore芽孢spore孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print杀芽孢剂sporicide分生孢子座sporodochium有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 孢子梗sporophore孢原质sporoplasm孢子形成sporulation芽孢形成sporulation。

Microorganism/Microbe微生物微生物学MicrobiologyPasteur 巴斯德细菌Bacteria古生菌（Archaea)细菌(Bacteria)真核生物(Eukaryotes)真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms 病毒（Virus）球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺旋菌spirilla革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram positive bacteria) 革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram negative bacteria) Actinomycetes(放线菌)Yeast(酵母菌)Molds(霉菌)Culture dish/Petri dish(平皿)Shake Flask （三角瓶）Fermentor（发酵罐）菌落 colony平板plateInoculation （接种）Luise Pasteur（巴斯德）Robert Koch（柯赫）Cell wall(细胞壁)Cytoplasmic membrane细胞质膜Cytoplasm（细胞质）蓝细菌CyanobacteriaNuclear region(核区）Inclusion body(内含物)Glycocalyx(糖被）Flagella (鞭毛)Spore (芽孢)Pili(性毛)Fimbria(菌毛)Gram stain （革兰氏染色）脂多糖 (LPS)球状体（sphaeroplast）原生质体（protoplast）支原体（mycoplasma）Cytoplasmic membrane Cytoplasm贮藏物（Reserve materials）核糖体（Ribosome）质粒（plasmid）芽孢（Spore）鞭毛（Flagella）Fungi（真菌）菌丝体mycelium类病毒（Viroid）朊病毒(prion)噬菌体p h a g e病毒v i r u sNutrition(营养)Nutrient(营养物)Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源）Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子）Water（水分）Energy source（能源）Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源)Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子)Energy source（能源）Culture medium培养基呼吸respiration无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration发酵fermentation连续培养 continuous culture分批培养batch culture生长曲线growth curve纯培养(Pure culture)灭菌（sterilization）消毒（disinfection）抗生素antibiotics转化transformation转导transduction接合conjugation,mating诱变剂mutagen基因突变 gene mutation营养缺陷型auxotroph原养型prototroph野生型wild type菌种 culture或stock culture菌种保藏 preservation 或conservation或者maintenance疫苗vaccine防腐（antisepsis）化疗(chemotherapy) 艾姆斯试验法Ames test基因工程 Gene Engineering试熟记以下最基本的微生物学名：（1）细菌Bacillus subtilis[枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis（苏云金芽孢杆菌）E.coli [大肠（埃希氏）杆菌]，Rhizobium（根瘤菌）Staphalococcus aureus（金黄色葡萄球菌）（2）放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌Streptomyces griseus（灰色链霉菌）。