动词不定式
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动词不定式一. 定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。
同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remember to do记住要做某事remember doing记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing忘记曾经做过某事stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事go on to do继续做另一件事go on doing继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
动词不定式动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”,但有时省略to。
其否定形式在to前加not,即“not to+动词原形”。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
1、动词不定式的常见用法⑴动词不定式作宾语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:want,hope,begin,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,expect,agree,refuse,wish,plan,afford,choose,wouldlike,need,start等。
注意:有的及物动词要未跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语),如果其中的宾语是动词不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将动词不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之后。
例:I find it useful <to learn English well>.我发现学好英语很有用。
⑵动词不定式作宾语补足语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want, expect,like,wish,would like等。
例:He asked me to talk about English study.他要求我谈谈有关英语学习的事。
⑶动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时可放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
例:It’s necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。
⑷动词不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have nothing to say on this question.在这个总是上我没什么要说的。
⑸动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
①放在句首或句尾表示目的等。
例:To catch the train,he got up early.= he got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车,他早早地起了床。
动词不定式特征:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
结构:动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;否定形式是not to+do。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.眼见为实。
但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
真正的主语为动词不定式。
2.作宾语1)want,decide ,agree,would like等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:We agreed/wanted/decided/would like to start early2)love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后可加to do 或者doing。
提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。
如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜游泳,但现在不想游。
3)stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式或者ING。
但是意思区别很大。
如:stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。
Forget/remember to do sth: 忘记/记得去做某事Forget /remember doing sth:忘记、记得做过某事。
go on to do sth: 接着做另外一件事Go on doing sth: 接着做同一件事情Try to do sth:努力去做某事Try doing sth:尝试做某事3.作宾语补足语1)tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式(The Infinitive)一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,它可以有自己的宾语或状语。
二、不定式的功能与用法(1)作主语:To see is to believe.眼见为实。
(百闻不如一见)To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂,无一精通。
注意:不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
例如:It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们,他真好。
★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。
1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如:It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
动词不定式动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可以起名词,形容词,或副词的作用,同时也可在句中做主语,宾语,表语等。
动词不定式的形式一般是“to+动词原形”,但是to 有时候可以省去。
(一)不定式做主语动词不定式做主语时,句子中谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种。
1.把动词不定式置于句首。
To see is to believe .百闻不如一见2.用it 做形式主语,把真正的主语不定式放在后面,常有以下句型(1).It+be +名词+to do sth.It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 好好照顾老人是我们的责任。
(2)It takes sb +some time +to do sthHow long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作你花了多少时间(3)It +be+形容词+for sb+to do sth.It’s necessary for you to lock the car.锁车是很有必要的。
(4)It +be +形容词+ of sb+to do sth.It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他的话。
(5)It seems\appears +形容词+to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money.省钱看起来是不可能的(二)动词不定式做宾语能以不定式做宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forge t,promise,mean,pretend,intend,begin,attempt,decide,learn,desire,agree, care,choose,determine,undertake,expect等。
C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念:在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。
形式为:to+动词原形+其他。
之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词。
不定式的时态有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
二、不定式的作用1、作主语。
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate(取消,否定)my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
动词不定式&双宾语一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语:动词+to do(带to不定式)动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
常见的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love, ask, start, remember,learn, happen等。
如:I hope to see the film this weekend.They decided to visit the Great Wall next year.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语:(1).宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。
表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。
可接动词不定式作宾补的有:ask, tell, allow, help, would like, expect, warn等。
如:The WWF chose the panda to be its symbol.I ask my mother to help me.(2).使役动词:let, make等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如:He makes everyone laugh.(3).感官动词:see, hear, notice, watch, listen to等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如:I hear her sing this song.3.动词不定式的否定式:not to do sth./ not do sth.如:She tells me not to touch anything.4.动词不定式作目的状语:表示“做某事是为了什么”。
此时,不定式既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
如:I revised my lessons carefully to get good marks in the test.= To get good marks, I revised my lessons carefully.为了在考试中取得好成绩,我认真地复习功课。
动词不定式动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解作者:佚名一、作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,s tupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语,这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help mewith my English.⒉动名词作主语Learning without practice is no good.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式。
如:①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste oftime)+doing…It's no good reading in dim light.It's no use sitting here waiting.②It's+形容词+doingIt's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportant foryou to keep fit.③There is no+doingThere is no saying what will happen next.在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。
如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。
如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.二、作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。
如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,hel p,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。
如:I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。
如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but,except,besides+to do(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。
如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,give up,insist,on, put off等。
如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.②动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。
⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。
如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。
在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwr iting needs improving(tobeimproved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand whatwas happening.⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。
如:Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。
①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。
如:Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can't help to make up the room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。