有关国际政治外交英文词汇

国际关系单词
国际关系单词是指在国际关系领域中常用的词汇。

这些词汇通常是政治、经济、军事、文化等方面的术语，被广泛应用于国际组织、国际会议、国际协议等场合。

以下是一些常见的国际关系单词：
1. sovereignty：主权
2. diplomacy：外交
3. treaty：条约
4. alliance：联盟
5. security：安全
6. globalization：全球化
7. sanctions：制裁
8. negotiation：谈判
9. conflict：冲突
10. development：发展
11. cooperation：合作
12. human rights：人权
13. disarmament：裁军
14. terrorism：恐怖主义
15. refugee：难民
16. intervention：干涉
17. multilateralism：多边主义
18. bilateralism：双边主义
19. globalization：全球化
20. soft power：软实力
这些词汇在国际关系中具有重要的意义，对了解国际政治、经济、文化等方面有着重要的帮助。

1. Diplomacy 外交2. Ambassador 大使3. Consulate 领事馆4. Embassy 大使馆5. Diplomat 外交官6. Negotiation 谈判7. Summit 峰会8. Treaty 条约9. Protocol 外交礼节10. Alliance 联盟11. Delegation 代表团12. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权13. Bilateral 双边的14. Multilateral 多边的15. International 国际的16. Mediation 调解17. Conflict 冲突18. Crisis 危机19. Summit meeting 峰会20. Peace 和平21. War 战争22. Neutrality 中立23. Security 安全24. Sovereignty 主权25. Sanction 制裁26. Embargo 禁运27. Human rights 人权28. Refugee 难民29. Terrorism 恐怖主义30. Nonproliferation 非扩散31. Aid 援助32. Development 发展33. Globalization 全球化34. Economic cooperation 经济合作35. Foreign policy 外交政策36. International relations 国际关系37. Summit conference 峰会38. Diplomatic corps 外交团39. Diplomatic mission 外交使团40. Peacekeeping 维和41. Disarmament 裁军42. Negotiator 谈判代表43. Host country 接待国44. Official visit 正式访问45. Bilateral talks 双边会谈46. Multilateral talks 多边会谈47. Foreign aid 外援48. Peace treaty 和平条约49. Economic sanctions 经济制裁50. Ceasefire 停火51. Diplomatic relations 外交关系52. Foreign minister 外交部长53. Diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋54. National interest 国家利益55. International law 国际法56. Diplomatic mission 外交任务57. Diplomatic corps 外交团体58. Diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪59. Diplomatic bag 外交邮袋60. Diplomatic service 外交事务61. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权62. Diplomatic channels 外交渠道63. Diplomatic reception 外交接待64. Diplomatic incident 外交事件65. Diplomatic relations 外交关系66. Diplomatic negotiations 外交谈判67. Diplomatic passport 外交护照68. Diplomatic recognition 外交承认69. Diplomatic status 外交地位70. Diplomatic mission 外交任务71. Diplomatic note 外交函件72. Diplomatic protest 外交抗议73. Diplomatic quarter 外交区74. Diplomatic representative 外交代表75. Diplomatic service 外交事务76. Diplomatic staff 外交人员77. Diplomatic corps 外交团体78. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权79. Diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋80. Diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪81. Diplomatic bag 外交邮袋82. Diplomatic service 外交事务83. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权84. Diplomatic channels 外交渠道85. Diplomatic reception 外交接待86. Diplomatic incident 外交事件87. Diplomatic relations 外交关系88. Diplomatic negotiations 外交谈判89. Diplomatic passport 外交护照90. Diplomatic recognition 外交承认91. Diplomatic status 外交地位92. Diplomatic mission 外交任务93. Diplomatic note 外交函件94. Diplomatic protest 外交抗议95. Diplomatic quarter 外交区96. Diplomatic representative 外交代表97. Diplomatic service 外交事务98. Diplomatic101. Diplomatic corps 外交团体102. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权103. Diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋104. Diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪105. Diplomatic bag 外交邮袋106. Diplomatic service 外交事务107. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权108. Diplomatic channels 外交渠道109. Diplomatic reception 外交接待110. Diplomatic incident 外交事件111. Diplomatic relations 外交关系113. Diplomatic passport 外交护照114. Diplomatic recognition 外交承认115. Diplomatic status 外交地位116. Diplomatic mission 外交任务117. Diplomatic note 外交函件118. Diplomatic protest 外交抗议119. Diplomatic quarter 外交区120. Diplomatic representative 外交代表121. Diplomatic service 外交事务122. Diplomatic staff 外交人员123. Diplomatic corps 外交团体124. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权125. Diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋126. Diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪127. Diplomatic bag 外交邮袋128. Diplomatic service 外交事务129. Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权130. Diplomatic channels 外交渠道131. Diplomatic reception 外交接待132. Diplomatic incident 外交事件133. Diplomatic relations 外交关系135. Diplomatic passport 外交护照136. Diplomatic recognition 外交承认137. Diplomatic status 外交地位138. Diplomatic mission 外交任务139. Diplomatic note 外交函件140. Diplomatic protest 外交抗议。

国家主权：national sovereignty民族资源：national resource边界谈判：boundary negotiation不结盟国家：non-aligned countries采取惩罚行动：take punitive actions采取高姿态：show magnanimity采取协调行动：take concerted steps常驻代表：permanent representative弹性外交：elastic diplomacy邓小平外交思想：Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts低调：low keyed电话协商：telephone negotiations独联体国家：Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)度假外交：holiday-making diplomacy附庸国：dependency高层次、全方位的对话：high-level and all-directional dialogue公认的国际关系原则：generally-accepted principles of international relations公使馆：legation公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序：a fair and rational new international political and economic order安全考虑：security consideration傲慢行为：arrogant behavior多极化：multipolarity霸权主义：hegemonism强权政治：power politics国际商会：International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际雇佣者组织：International Organization of Employers (IOE)国际关系的准则：norms governing international relations国际惯例：international common practice国际货币基金会：International Monetary Fund (IMF)国际金融组织：International Finance Corporation (IFC)国际聚焦：international spotlight国家不分大小，应该一律平等：All countries, big or small, should be equal.捍卫国家主权、领土完整和民族尊严：safeguard national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national dignity毫无根据的媒体报导：groundless media reports和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence环太平洋地区：Pacific Rim缓和：detente抗美援朝战争：War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 联络处：liaison office领土管辖权：territorial jurisdiction领土毗连：territorial contiguity流血冲突：bloody conflict民间外交：people-to-people diplomacy南北对话：South-North dialogue。

外交及国际政治时事热点词汇abogar por 主张acuerdo 协定administración 政府alianza 联盟amenaza recíproca 相互威胁aprender las lecciones de la historia 以史为鉴armamento 军火asunto interno内政auto control 自我克制bando independentista 台湾分裂势力batalla 战役buena vecindad 睦邻buena vecindad y amistad 睦邻友好caracterizarse por 以。

为特点Carta de la ONU 联合国宪章chantaje nuclear 核讹诈cinco principios de coexistencia pacífica 和平共处五项原则coexistencia pacífica 和平相处comunidad internacional 国际社会conceder importancia a 重视concerniente a 有关的condenar 谴责conferencia会议conflicto 冲突conflicto regional 地区冲突consenso 共识convenio 协议declaración 宣言definido 明确的dependencia recíproca 相互依存derechos humanos 人权derivado 来源于descartar 排除diálogo对话diplomacia 外交disputa 争端distensión 缓和economía 经济体economía abierta 开放式经济economía mercantil 市场经济eje 轴心en gran medida 很大程度上en términos generales 从总体上看enérgicamente 坚决enfrentamiento 对抗equilibrio 平衡equilibrio de fuerzas 力量平衡erradicar 根除escalada del conflicto 冲突升级esforzarse por 努力estabilidad 稳定estado soberano主权国家estrategia 战略estrategia fundamental 基本战略expansión 扩展foco de tensión 焦点globalización 全球化grupo 集团guerra 战争guerra fría 冷战guerra santa 圣战hegemonismo 霸权主义inflación 通货膨胀integración 一体化integración política y económica 政治和经济一体化integridad territorial 领土完整intervención 干涉intervenir 干涉intransigencia态度强硬ley internacional 国际法libre comercio 自由贸易libro blanco 白皮书liga 同盟litigio 纠纷litigio internacional 国际纠纷mal 邪恶mercado mundial 世界市场militarismo japones日本军国主义monopolio internacional 国际垄断multipolarización 多极化negociación secreta 秘密谈判neocolonialismo 新殖民主义nuevo orden político-económico internacional 国际政治经济新秩序objetivo prioritario 优先目标OMC 世贸组织ONU 联合国oponerse 反对organismo internacional 国际组织organización internacional 国际组织país desarrollado 发达国家país en vías de desarrollo 发展中国家país industrializado 工业化国家país neutral 中立国país nuclear 核国家partido nacionalista 国民党pauperización relativa相对贫困pendiente有待解决的，悬而未决的perjuicio 损害persistir 坚持política exterior 外交posición 立场postulado 主张postura 态度，立场potencia 大国primordial 重要的problema 问题problema internacional relevante 重大国际问题prosperidad繁荣protocolo-carta 议定书recesión económica 经济衰退recurrir a 诉诸reflexionar 反省refugiado 难民relaciones de socio 伙伴关系relaciones económicas internacionales 国际经济关系relaciones este-oeste 东西关系relaciones exteriores外交关系rendir homenaje-cultos 参拜resolver pacíficamente 以和平方式解决responder a 符合revolución革命salvaguardar 维护sanción económica 经济制裁sistema de relaciones internacionales 国际关系体系soberanía 主权soberanía nacional 国家主权tendencia 趋势tomar parte activa en 积极参与tráfico de droga 毒品贩运tratado 条约un país, dos sistemas 一国两制unificación pacífica 和平统一Unión Europea 欧盟Viejo Continente 欧洲大陆viejo orden económico 旧经济秩序aborto 堕胎abuso de drogas 嗜用毒品abuso de niños虐待儿童acoso sexual 性骚扰agente tóxico 毒剂alfabetización 读写能力ántrax 炭疽病apostar/jugar 赌博apoyar 支持arma nuclear 核武器armas biológicas 生物武器armas de destrucción masiva 大规模毁灭性武器armas químicas 化学武器asamblea 集会asistencia pública福利asociación 联盟，协会bacteria 细菌biodegradable能进行生物降解的bioterrorismo 生物恐怖主义bomba atómica 原子弹cadena alimenticia 食物链calentamiento global 全球气候变暧cámara de representantes 众议院célula solar太阳能电池censura检查，审查ciberdelito 网络犯罪clonación 克隆combustible fósil 化石燃料comunismo 共产主义comunista 共产主义者consejo 会议，委员会conservador/a保守党人consumir drogas 服用毒品consumo消费contaminación 污染contaminación de aire 空气污染contaminación del agua 水污染control de armas de fuego 枪械控制crisis energética能源危机declararse en huelga/huelga 罢工defensa contra misiles 导弹防御deforestación 砍伐森林democracia 民主demócrata 民主党人democrático 民主的derechos civiles人权desarme nuclear 裁减核军备desechos fabriles tóxicos 毒性废料desechos radioactivos 放射性废料desigualdad不平等dictador 独裁者dictadura 专制disminución de las armas 裁减军备drogadicción 毒瘾drogadicto/a吸毒成瘾者drogas 毒品economía 经济ecosistema 生态系统efecto invernadero 温室效应elegir,elecciones 选举energía 能energía del viento 风能energía geotérmica 地热能energía nuclear 核能energía solar 太阳能energía térmica 热能estado 国家eutanasia 安乐死éxtasis 摇头丸feminismo 女权主义feminista 女权主义者feto 胎儿fuente de energía 能源gobernar 统治gobierno 政府golpe de estado 政变guerra 战争homosexual 同性恋者homosexualidad 同性恋ideología 思想incinerador 焚化inflación通货膨胀injusto 不公正的jefe de estado 国家元首legislación 立法lesbiana 同性恋女子lesbianismo 女性同性恋liberal 自由党的líder 领袖lluvia ácida 酸雨malgasto de energía 能源废料manifestación 示威manifestación antinuclear 反核示威marihuana大麻medio ambiente/entorno 环境ministro部长monarquía 君主政体moralidad 道德motín 反叛，暴乱necesidades de energía 能源需求opinión racialmente determinada 歧视性种族评判oprimir 镇压ozono 臭氧paises subdesarrollados不发达国家parlamento 议会partido político 政党paz 和平pena de muerte 死刑personas sin hogar 无家可归者petróleo 汽油poder 权势poder político 政权política 政策político 政治家pornografía 黄色制品preservación 保护presidente 总统princesa 公主príncipe 王子prostitución 卖淫protestar,protesta 抗议racismo 种族主义radiación 辐射reciclable可再生的reciclar 再生recursos naturales 天然资源reforma de asistencia pública 福利改革reformar/reforma 改革reina 女王representante elegido 被选举的代表república 共和国revolución 革命rey 国王riesgo 冒险sanciones 制裁secuestrar 绑架seguridad aérea机场安全senado 参议院sindicato 工会socialismo 社会主义socialista 社会主义者sostenimiento de los niños 援助儿童suicidio 自杀suicidio médicamente asistido 医生协助的自杀Tercer Mundo 第三世界terraplén de desperdicios 垃圾镇埋地terrorismo 恐怖主义terrorista 恐怖主义者tolerancia cero 零忍耐toxina 毒素traficante de drogas 毒品贩traición 叛国罪transmitir 传递，传染unilateral 单方面的violencia doméstica 家庭暴力violencia en el trabajo工作场所暴力votar,voto投票crisis 危机crisis agrícola 农业危机crisis alimentaria 粮食危机crisis bursátil 证券市场危机crisis cíclica 周期性危机crisis comercial 商业危机crisis crediticia 信用危机crisis de convertibilidad 兑换危机crisis de crédito 信用危机crisis de energía 能源危机crisis de liquidez 清偿危机crisis de negocios 商业危机crisis de producción 生产危机crisis de superproducción 生产过剩危机crisis de ventas 销售危机crisis de viviendas 住房危机crisis del carbón 煤炭危机crisis del dólar 美元危机crisis del oro 黄金危机crisis del petróleo 石油危机crisis económica 经济危机crisis financiera 金融危机crisis financiera internacional 国际金融危机crisis fiscal 财政危机crisis ministerial 内阁危机crisis monetaria 货币危机crisis política 政治危机。

缓冲国buffer state治国术statecraftcomprehensive power 综合国力双重国籍dual nationality东道国host country附庸国vassal stateprotectorate 保护国战败国 a defeated country卫星国satellite state战胜国 victorious nation中立国neutrality stated, neutral country永久中立国neutralized statedAxis Powers 轴心国不结盟国家nonaligned state缔约国 signatory state of the treaty (convention) hegemonic state霸权国策源国政治学political science比较政治学comparative politics低级政治low politics高级政治high politics规模政治politics of scaleRealpolitik 现实政治官僚政治bureaucratic politics政治地理political geography政治化politicization政治精神心理学 political psychophysiology生态政治学ecopolitics政治精英political elitezero-sum game 零和游戏nonzero-sum game 非零和游戏game theory 博弈论two-level game or two-tier game双层博弈 paradigm 范式本土化localization不可逆转性irreversibilityconvention 常规解构deconstructionbalance of power 均势联系协定association agreementexclusivity排他性批判理论critique theoriesequilibrium 平衡globalization全球化identity 认同或特性外溢spill-overrelative gain相对收益absolute gain 绝对收益相互依赖interdependence效忠转移loyalty-transferring边际成本marginal costpublic domain 公共领域公共选择理论public choice theory国家间交易成本 interstate transaction cost交易收益transaction benefit利益集团interests group囚徒困境prisoner’s dilemma权利让渡transferring rightsanarchy 无政府状态constitutionalism宪政信息不对称 asymmetric information定量分析quantitative analysis定性分析qualitative analysis交流理论transactionism复合相互依赖 complex interdependencecase study 个案研究理论体系theoretical framework辩证法dialectical method世界体系理论world system theoryalienation 异化物竞天择natural selectionpagan 异教徒证伪falsificationappeasement 绥靖不对称战略 asymmetrical strategy代议制政府 representative forms of government dependency theory 依附理论电讯革命 telecommunications revolution遏制政策containment policy反主流文化counterculture非西方化dewesternization非线性nonlinearity功利主义哲学utilitarian philosophysupply-side economics供应学派经济学理性行为体模型rational actor model古典自由主义学派classical liberal schooldecentralization分散化乌托邦理论utopian theorynormative theory 规范理论value judgment 价值判断阶级斗争class strugglemirror image 镜像比较研究comparative study控制论cybernetic theory; cyberneticspredictability可预测性跨文化比较分析cross-cultural comparative analysis边缘化marginalization确保摧毁assured destruction知识产权intellectual property同质文明[,hɔmə'dʒi:niəs, ,həu-] homogeneous civilizationhomogenization 同质化Heterogeneou 异质化[,hetərəu'dʒi:njəs]futurology 未来学文明的冲突clash of civilizationstheoretical foundation理论基础grand theory 大理论信息革命information revolution意识形态冲突ideological conflictbarbarism 野蛮状态lobbying 游说nonwhite people 有色人种metaphysics 形而上学长周期理论long-circle theoryresource theory资源理论autonomous 自治case study 案例研究cyclical theory周期理论共同观念shared ideas全球治理global governancethe nature of man人性认知心理学cognitive psychologycivil society市民社会ideology 意识形态智囊团brain trustbandwagon 搭便车autarky 自给自足, 闭关自守democratization民主化宪政民主constitutional democracy当代史方法current history approachend of history历史终结社会化socialization自我实现的预言self-fulfilling prophecy结构性暴力structural violence适者生存survival of the fittestxenophobia 仇外, 排外ontology 本体论Copenhagen School 哥本哈根学派结构二重性duality of structure内化internalization制度化institutionalization世俗化secularizationthink tank 思想库public goods 公共物品非关税壁垒non-tariff barrier非正式协议informal agreement关税减让tariffs reduction关税同盟Tariffs Union互惠reciprocityGreat Depression 大萧条Industrial Revolution工业革命工业时代Industrial Age反托拉斯法antitrust law工业化industrialization股票市场崩溃stock market clash浮动汇率floating exchange rate固定汇率fixed exchange rate外汇汇率currency exchange rategold standard金本位金融机构financial institutioneconomic determinism 经济决定论economic globalization经济全球化economic sanction 经济制裁经济周期economic circletransnational corporation, multinational corporation跨国公司 money laundering 洗钱能源危机energy crisisUruguay Round 乌拉圭回合剩余价值surplus value贸易平衡balance of trade贸易赤字trade deficit公债treasury bond中央银行central bankfree market system自由市场体系城市化urbanizationeconomic growth 经济增长可持续发展 sustainable development customs union 关税同盟emerging market 新兴市场滞胀stagflationnondiscrimination非歧视原则非关税壁垒 nontariff barriers (NTBs) package deal 一揽子交易市场失灵market failurebourgeoisie 资产阶级民族自决 national self-determination民族解放 national liberation种族问题racial issue民族身份ethnic identity种族冲突ethnic conflictgeopolitics地缘政治sea power 海权land power 陆权air power 空权Balkan 巴尔干Age of Exploration地理大发现时代 Geoeconomics 地缘经济学 Indochina 印度支那Formosa 福摩萨Pacific Rim 环太平洋地区 heartland 大陆心脏Latin American 拉丁美洲马六甲海峡Strait of Malacca大陆国家 continental countryKashmir 克什米尔地理位置 geographic locationSerbia 塞尔维亚破碎地带shatterbeltNetherlands 尼德兰Eurasia 欧亚大陆lebensraum 生存空间中心-边缘模式core-periphery modelGlobal North 北方世界Global South 南方世界人名Karl W. Deutsch 卡尔•多伊奇Francis Fukuyama 弗朗西斯•福山Hans J. Morgenthau 汉斯•摩根索Jean Monnet 让•莫内Joseph S. Nye 约瑟夫•奈Kenneth N. Waltz 肯尼思•沃尔兹Hugo Grotius 雨果•格劳秀斯Jean Bodin 让•博丹William Olson 威廉•奥尔森John Ikenberry 约翰•伊肯伯里Harold Nicolson 哈罗德•尼科尔森 《外交学》弗朗切斯科•圭恰迪尼 《意大利史》 Francesco GuicciardiniThomas Hobbes 托马斯•霍布斯Henry Kissinger 亨利•基辛格Robert Gilpin 罗伯特•吉尔平Arnord Wolfers 阿诺德•沃尔弗斯Edward Karl 爱德华•卡尔彼得•卡赞斯坦Peter KatzensteinGeorge Kennan 乔治•凯南Stephen Krasner 史蒂芬•克拉斯纳Paul Kennedy 保罗•肯尼迪John Ruggie 约翰•鲁杰Niccol Machiavelli马基雅维利John Mearsheirmer 约翰•米尔斯海默Adam Smith 亚当•斯密David A. Baldwin 大卫•鲍德温Thucydides 修昔底德Raymond Aron 雷蒙•阿隆Stephen Walt 斯蒂芬•沃尔特Martin Wight 马丁•怀特Max Weber 马克斯•韦伯(德国社会学家)Alexander Wendt 亚历山大•温特Brace Russett 布鲁斯•拉西特伊曼纽尔•沃勒斯坦Immanuel Wallerstein让•雅克•卢梭Jean-Jaques Rousseau欧内斯特•萨道义爵士 《外交实践指南》 Sir Ernest SatowJohn Locke 约翰•洛克Jeremy Bentham 杰里米•边沁France Bacon 弗朗西斯•培根Hedley Bull 赫德利•布尔赫伯特•巴特菲尔德Herbert ButterfieldGeorge Canning 乔治•坎宁Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图本尼迪克特•德•斯宾诺莎Benedict de SpinozaDante 但丁Lassa Oppenheim 拉萨•奥本海约瑟夫•A•熊彼特Joseph A. SchumpeterHans Kelsen 汉斯•凯尔森Voltaire 伏尔泰Montesquieu 孟德斯鸠John Courtney Murray 约翰•考特尼•默里Reinhold Niebuhr 莱因霍尔德•尼布尔John Dowey 约翰•杜威Denis Diderot 丹尼斯•狄德罗Erasmus 伊拉斯谟Ludwig Feuerbach 路德维希•费尔巴哈本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin FranklinHomer 荷马Graham T. Allison 格雷汉姆•艾利森Tommaso Campanella 托马索•康帕内拉David Hume 大卫•休谟Jack S. Levy 杰克•列维Walter Lippmann 沃尔特•李普曼Quincy Wright 昆西•赖特Susan Strange 苏珊•斯特兰奇Richard Ashley 理查德•阿什利David Mitrany 戴维•米特兰尼Charles de Visscher查理•德维舍Michael W. Doyle 迈克尔•多伊尔John Hertz 约翰•赫茨Fredric Latzel弗里德里希•拉采尔鲁道夫•契伦Rudolf KjellenKarl Haushofer 卡尔•豪斯霍夫Nicolas Spykman 尼古拉斯•斯皮克曼Sir Halford Mackinder麦金德Douhet 杜黑Alfred Thayer Mahan 艾尔弗雷德•马汉David Mitrany 戴维•米特兰尼Alexander Hamilton 亚历山大•汉密尔顿Stanley Hoffmann 斯坦利•霍夫曼Kenneth W. Thompson 肯尼思•汤普逊Robert O. Keohane 罗伯特•基欧汉Robert Cox 罗伯特•考克斯弗里德里希•冯•哈耶克Friedrich von HayekJohn W. Burton 约翰•伯顿Morton Kaplan 莫顿•卡普兰John Ikenberry 约翰•埃肯伯里Arnold Toynbee 阿诺德•汤因比弗朗索瓦•德•卡利埃 《外交的艺术》 Francois de CallieresAbraham de Wicquefort 亚伯拉罕•德•威克福 ,《大使及其职能》 Robbery Jervis 罗伯特•杰维斯Barry Buzan 巴里•布赞Joseph Grieco 约瑟夫•格里科Sigmund Freud 西蒙•弗洛伊德Jurgen Habermas 尤尔根•哈贝马斯George W. F. Hegal 黑格尔Immanuel Kant 伊曼纽尔•康德Walter Lippmann 沃尔特•李普曼Thomas Aquinas 托马斯•阿奎那Fernand Braudel 费尔南•布罗代尔凯尔•冯•克劳塞维茨Karl von ClausewitzChristopher Columbus 克里斯托弗•哥伦布Auguste Comte 奥古斯特•孔德Herodotus 希罗多德Martin Luther 马丁•路德Richelieu 黎塞留John L. Gaddis 约翰•加迪斯Herbert Spencer 赫伯特•斯宾塞(英国社会学家)Oswald Spengler 奥斯瓦尔德•施宾格勒(德国历史哲学家) Talleyrand 塔列朗Caliphate 哈里发斯大林Joseph StalinDwight D. Eisenhower 德怀特•艾森豪威尔Eisenhower Doctrine 艾森豪威尔主义Harry Truman 哈里•杜鲁门Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义Jimmy Carter 吉米•卡特Ronald Reagan 罗纳德•里根Thomas Jefferson 托马斯•杰斐逊Coolidge 柯立芝Monroe Doctrine 门罗主义Richard Nixon 理查德•尼克松Nixon Doctrine 尼克松主义温斯顿•丘吉尔Winston ChurchillWoodrow Wilson 伍德罗•威尔逊Wilsonianism 威尔逊主义内维尔•张伯伦Neville Chamberlain阿道夫•希特勒Adolf HitlerOtto von Bismarch 奥托•冯•俾斯麦Napoleon Bonaparte 拿破仑•波拿巴亚历山大大帝Alexander the GreatAristotle 亚里士多德Augustine 奥古斯丁腓特烈大帝Frederick the Great梅特涅亲王Prince Metternich戴高乐Charles de Gaulle阿拉法特Yassir Arafat凯撒Julius CaesarBrezhnev Doctrine 勃列日涅夫主义Abbas I 阿拔斯一世君士坦丁(拜占庭皇帝)Constantine (Byzantine emperor)Hideyoshi 丰臣秀吉Oliver Cromwell 奥利弗•克伦威尔伊凡雷帝Ivan the Terrible (Tsar)Justinian 查士丁尼Genghis Khan 成吉思汗Mahomet 穆罕默德Peter the Great彼得大帝威廉一世 William I (Duke of Normandy, the Conqueror, King of England) Yoshida Doctrine 吉田主义Robespierre 罗伯斯庇尔Catherine the Great 叶卡捷琳娜大帝Charlemagne 查理曼大帝Sun Yat-sen 孙中山Khrushchev 赫鲁晓夫军事基地military basemilitary coup军事政变军费开支military expenditures军事援助military assistance军事一体化military integration军事干预military intervention军事挑衅military provocation军事技术革命military-technical revolution相互威慑mutual deterrence外层空间的非军事化demilitarization of outer spacearmed force 军队, 武装力量大规模报复massive retaliationWMD, Weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器preemption 先发制人巡航导弹cruise missileballistic missile defense弹道导弹防御洲际弹道导弹intercontinental ballistic missile中程弹道导弹intermediate-range ballistic missiletheater missile defense(TMD) (战区)导弹防御系统低烈度冲突low-intensity conflict第一次打击战略first-strike strategy第二次打击能力second-strike capacityatomic bomb 原子弹战略武器strategic weapon战术武器tactical weaponnaval blockade 海上封锁海军naval force空军air forceland force 陆军arms race 军备竞赛arms control 军备控制海军实力naval capabilityPentagon 五角大楼维和行动peace keeping operation防务政策defense policyguerilla war游击战信息战information warfare (IW), infowarmercenary 雇佣军open sea 公海 high seas international waters 公海；国际水域 outer space 外层空间领土完整territorial integrity领土管辖权territorial jurisdiction领水territorial water领空territorial air领海territorial sea领海范围limits of territorial sea增长极限论limits-to-growth propositionPersian Gulf War 海湾战争印巴战争Indo-Pakistani WarVietnam War 越南战争常规战争conventional warwar by proxy 代理人战争Indo-Chinese War 中印战争just war 正义战争有限核战争limited nuclear war预防性战争preventive warpostmodern war 后现代战争total war 总体战争Korean War 朝鲜战争preemptive war 先发制人的战争Crimean War 克里米亚战争[krai'miən]Falklands War 马岛战争Franco-Prussian 普法战争Russo-Japanese War 日俄战争Opium War 鸦片战争['əupiəm]Great Northern War 北方战争太平洋战争War of PacificThirty Years War 三十年战争the Peloponnesian War伯罗奔尼撒战争[,peləpə'ni:ʃən] Boer War 布尔战争Boer ['bəuə; bɔ:]nuclear weapons 核武器nuclear free zone无核区不首先使用(核武器)non-first usenonlethal weapon 非致使武器切尔诺贝利核事故 Chernobyl nuclear accident核查verification反核运动antinuclear movements核威慑nuclear deterrence核冬天nuclear winter核技术nuclear technologynuclear age 核时代全面禁止核试验CTB, Comprehensive test ban全面禁止核试验条约 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty和平解决争端 peaceful settlement of disputes和平红利peace dividend和平共处peaceful coexistence民主和平论democratic peaceinstitutional peace theory 制度和平论partnership of peace 和平伙伴关系genocide 种族屠杀apartheid 种族隔离racial discrimination 种族歧视ethnic cleansing 种族清洗ethnocentrism 种族优越感国际组织：The Andean Pact 安第斯条约集团NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定the Council of Ministers （欧盟）部长理事会（即 欧盟理事会）the COREPER, Committee of Permanent Representatives 常驻代表委员会the Dayton Peace Accords 代顿协议ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian nations 东南亚国家联盟community sense 共同体意识economic integration 经济一体化EMU, Economic and Monetary Union 经济与货币联盟ECJ, the European Court of Justice 欧洲法院EC, European Community 欧洲共同体the European Council 欧洲委员会（Council of Europe-------注：1）Council of the European Union ：欧盟理事会2（俗称欧盟部长理事会the C ouncil of Ministers ）1 Council of Europe：欧洲委员会，是由爱尔兰、比利时、丹麦、法国、荷兰、卢森堡、挪威、瑞典、意大利和英国通过1949年5月5日在伦敦签订《欧洲委员会法规》所成立，具有国际法地位、并且为联合国观察员身份的国际组织，是欧洲整合东欧进程中最早成立的机构。

英语课程中的国际关系与外交词汇在如今全球化的时代，学习英语是十分重要的，尤其是对于那些对国际关系和外交事务感兴趣的人来说。

本文将介绍一些英语课程中常用的国际关系与外交词汇，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些术语。

一、国际关系词汇1. Diplomacy（外交）Diplomacy是指国家或政府通过谈判、协商或其他合法手段解决国际问题所采取的外交行为。

例如，The government relied on diplomacy to negotiate the peace treaty.（政府依靠外交手段来谈判和达成和平条约。

）2. International cooperation（国际合作）International cooperation是不同国家间为了共同利益而进行的合作行为。

例如，The two countries are committed to promoting international cooperation in combating climate change.（这两个国家致力于推动国际合作，共同应对气候变化。

）3. Globalization（全球化）Globalization是指国际社会在经济、文化、政治等方面互相联系和依赖的过程。

例如，Globalization has significantly impacted the world economy.（全球化对世界经济产生了重大影响。

）4. Bilateral（双边的）Bilateral指的是两个国家之间的关系或行为。

例如，The two leaders held a bilateral meeting to discuss trade issues.（两位领导人进行了双边会议，讨论贸易问题。

）5. Multilateral（多边的）Multilateral指的是三个或以上国家参与的关系或行为。

例如，The United Nations is a multilateral organization aiming to promote global peace and security.（联合国是一个旨在促进全球和平与安全的多边组织。

与国际关系英语词汇大全英语作为世界上广泛使用的语言之一，对于学习国际关系的学生来说，掌握相关的专业英语词汇是非常重要的。

本文将为大家提供一个与国际关系相关的英语词汇大全，帮助大家更好地理解和运用这些词汇。

一、国家与国际组织1.国家（Nationalities）：- China 中国- America 美国- Russia 俄罗斯- France 法国- Germany 德国- Britain 英国- Japan 日本- India 印度- Brazil 巴西- Canada 加拿大2.国际组织（International Organizations）：- United Nations 联合国- World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织- International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织- European Union 欧盟- NATO 北大西洋公约组织- World Bank 世界银行- International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构- World Health Organization 世界卫生组织- International Criminal Court 国际刑事法院- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织二、政治与外交1.政治制度（Political Systems）：- Democracy 民主- Republic 共和国- Monarchy 君主制- Socialism 社会主义- Capitalism 资本主义- Communism 共产主义- Totalitarianism 极权主义- Autocracy 独裁统治- Federation 联邦制- Confederation 联盟制2.外交与外交政策（Diplomacy and Foreign Policy）：- Diplomat 外交官- Diplomatic Mission 外交使团- Embassy 大使馆- Consulate 领事馆- Ambassador 大使- Diplomatic Immunity 外交豁免权- Bilateral Relations 双边关系- Multilateral Relations 多边关系- Diplomatic Negotiation 外交谈判- Peacekeeping 和平维持三、国际法与国际组织1.国际法（International Law）：- Sovereignty 主权- Territory 领土- Treaty 条约- Diplomatic Recognition 外交承认- International Court of Justice 国际法院- Geneva Conventions 日内瓦公约- United Nations Convention Against Torture 联合国禁止酷刑公约- International Criminal Court 国际刑事法院2.国际组织（International Organizations）：- United Nations 联合国- World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织- International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织- European Union 欧盟- NATO 北大西洋公约组织- World Bank 世界银行- International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构- World Health Organization 世界卫生组织- International Criminal Court 国际刑事法院- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织四、国际经济与贸易1.国际贸易（International Trade）：- Import 进口- Export 出口- Tariff 关税- Free Trade 自由贸易- Protectionism 保护主义- Trade Deficit 贸易逆差- Trade Surplus 贸易顺差- Balance of Payments 收支平衡- World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织- Trade Agreement 贸易协定2.国际金融（International Finance）：- Exchange Rate 汇率- Currency 货币- Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资- International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织- World Bank 世界银行- International Financial Crisis 国际金融危机- Inflation 通货膨胀- Recession 经济衰退- Economic Development 经济发展- Sustainable Development 可持续发展五、战争与安全1.军事和战争（Military and War）：- Armed Forces 武装力量- Army 陆军- Navy 海军- Air Force 空军- War 战争- Conflict 冲突- Defense 防御- Nuclear Weapons 核武器- Peace 和平- Terrorism 恐怖主义2.安全与安全合作（Security and Security Cooperation）：- National Security 国家安全- Collective Security 集体安全- Arms Control 军备控制- Non-proliferation 非扩散- Peacekeeping 和平维持- Security Council 安全理事会- Security Alliance 安全联盟- Intelligence Intelligence 情报六、跨文化交流与全球化1.语言与文化（Language and Culture）：- Language 语言- Culture 文化- Interpreter 翻译- Cultural Exchange 文化交流- Cultural Diversity 文化多样性- Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际- Globalization 全球化- Cultural Imperialism 文化帝国主义- Cultural Relativism 文化相对主义- Cultural Assimilation 文化同化2.国际媒体与科技（International Media and Technology）：- Internet 互联网- Social Media 社交媒体- Mass Media 大众媒体- Communication Communication 通信- Information Information 信息- Digitalization 数字化- Cybersecurity 网络安全- Artificial Intelligence 人工智能- Virtual Reality 虚拟现实- E-commerce 电子商务这份国际关系英语词汇大全涵盖了与国际关系相关的各个方面，希望能够对大家的学习和研究有所帮助。

国际英语词汇大全解读国际的专业术语国际交流日益频繁，英语作为一种通用语言在国际间的应用越来越广泛。

为了更好地理解国际交流中的专业术语，我们需要熟悉国际英语词汇的相关知识。

本文将通过解读国际的专业术语，帮助读者更好地理解国际交流中的词汇。

一、国际商务术语1. Import/Export（进出口）- 表示从一个国家或地区引进产品或商品，或者将产品或商品出口到其他国家或地区。

2. Freight（货运）- 指商品或货物的运输费用。

3. Customs（海关）- 负责监管进出口货物的机构，负责收取关税并检查货物是否符合法律法规。

4. Letter of Credit（信用证）- 一种支付机制，由买方银行开出，确保卖方能够收到款项。

5. Trade balance（贸易平衡）- 指一个国家或地区的进出口商品值之间的差额。

二、国际金融术语1. Exchange Rate（汇率）- 两种不同货币之间的比价。

2. Stock Market（股票市场）- 交易买卖股票的市场。

3. Foreign Direct Investment（外国直接投资）- 指一个国家或个人投资于另一个国家的实体或设施。

4. Dividend（股息）- 公司分配给股东的盈利部分。

5. Currency（货币）- 一种通用的支付和交换手段。

三、国际政治术语1. United Nations（联合国）- 国际组织，由193个国家组成，致力于维护国际和平与安全。

2. Diplomacy（外交）- 国家间通过交际手段解决问题的方式。

3. Human Rights（人权）- 指与每个人通过生活所应享有的基本权利。

4. United Nations Security Council（联合国安全理事会）- 负责维护国际和平与安全的联合国机构。

5. Treaty（条约）- 国家之间达成的正式协议。

四、国际贸易术语1. Free Trade（自由贸易）- 指国家之间不设限制的贸易形式。

外交词汇解读大全一、基本外交词汇1. 建交（set up diplomatic relations）：指两个国家正式建立外交关系。

2. 断交（break off diplomatic relations）：指两个国家中断外交关系。

3. 复交（resume diplomatic relations）：指两个国家重新建立外交关系。

4. 派往国（host country）：指接待他国家的外交代表的国家。

5. 驻在国（country of residence）：指外国外交代表驻留的国家。

6. 外交代表（diplomatic representative）：指被派遣或接受国派遣到另一国从事外交活动的人员。

7. 等级对等原则（principle of reciprocity）：指在国际外交事务中，各国给予对方的外交待遇不应低于己方给予己方的外交待遇。

8. 尊重主权和平等互利原则（principle of respect for sovereignty and equality in international relations）：指在国际外交事务中，各国应相互尊重主权，平等相待，不干涉内政，通过和平方式解决国际争端。

二、国际组织相关词汇9. 联合国（United Nations，简称UN）：全球性的国际组织，旨在维护国际和平与安全，促进各国之间的经济、社会和文化进步。

10. 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，简称WTO）：全球性的经济贸易组织，负责制定国际贸易规则和进行贸易谈判。

11. 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund，简称IMF）：国际金融组织，负责监督会员国的汇率稳定和国际储备的平衡。

12. 世界银行（World Bank）：国际金融组织，旨在通过向发展中国家提供贷款和技术援助，帮助其经济发展和减少贫困。

三、国际关系相关词汇13. 外交政策（foreign policy）：国家为实现其对外目标而制定的总体战略和政策。

有关国际政治外交英文词汇1．聯合國Economic and Social Council 經濟與社會理事會Disarmament Committee 裁軍委員會General Assembly 大會International Court of Justice 國際法院Military Staff Committee 軍事參謀團Non—permanent Member 非常任理事國Permanent Member 常任理事國Regional Commissions 區域委員會Secretariat 秘書處Secretary General 聯合國秘書長Security Council 安全理事會trust 托管Trusteeship Council 托管理事會United Nations 聯合國2．外交機構與人員aide 助手ambassador 大使ambassador—at—large 無任所大使ambassadress 女大使attaché 使館館員charge d\'affaires 臨時代辦commercial attaché 商務專員commercial counsellor 商務參贊consul 領事consular 領事(館)的consulate 領事館contingent (派遣的)代表團corps 外交使團全體人員counsellor 參贊culture attaché 文化專員culture counsellor 文化參贊diplomat 外交人員embassy 大使館entourage 隨行人員envoy 使節interest section (沒有或斷絕正式外交關系時的)辦事處Liaison Office 聯絡處military attaché 武官motorcade 車隊persona grata 受歡迎的人persona non grata 不受歡迎的人3．外交文書accord 協議blue book 藍皮書charter 憲章credential 國書，證書memorandum 備忘錄note 照會protest 抗議書protocol 紀要，備忘錄treaty 條約ultimatum 最後通牒white paper(book) 白皮書4．外交訪問a bouquet of flower 一束花a Courtesy call 禮節性訪問a guard of honor 儀仗隊acquainted tour (visit) 熟悉情況的訪問Air force One (美國總統乘坐的)空軍一號專機business—like 事務式的，有條理的consort 配偶(尤指君王的夫或妻)en route 去......的途中fact－finding tour(trip) 調查情況之旅fact—finding visit 進行實地調查的訪問garland 花環gesture 外交上的姿態get-acquainted visit 了解情況的訪問grant sb an audience 接見某人have an audience with sb 會見某人honorable guard 儀仗隊itinerary 預定的訪問行程read statement 書面聲明red-carpet 隆重的sendoff 送別5．外交談判a focal point 焦點a viable proposal 一項可靠的建議about-face 向後轉，(意見或態度等的)大轉變access 市場准人acrimonious 嚴厲的，辛辣的acrimony 嚴厲，辛辣adamant 堅定的，不動搖的backtrack 後退，放棄(或改變)過去的立場(態度、意見等) bargaining chip (討價還價的)籌碼bow 屈服budge 微微的松動burning issue 引起爭論的緊要問題cede 放棄clinch 確定，決定(交易或協議等)concession 讓步concessive 讓步的containment policy 遏制政策contentious 引起爭論的controversy 爭論，爭議dash 打擊，挫折diplomatic immunity 外交豁免權dovish 有點鴿派味道的drop out 中途退出exterritoriality 治外法權的exterritorial 治外法權的extraterritorial=exterritorial 治外法權的extraterritoriality=exterritoriality治外法權fast track authority (美國總統)快速審批貿易條約權力final status talks (以巴間)最後地位談判give and take 互讓，平等交換意見headway 進展heal a breach 消除分歧heal a rift 消除分歧hit a snag 遇到意外困難hot potato 棘手的問題intractable 難處理的intransigence (政治上的)不妥協，不讓步intransigent (政治上的)不妥協的，不讓步的knotty problem 難解決的問題land for peace (阿以之間)以土地換和平mediate 調解，調停mediator 調解人，調停人meticulous 過細的momentum 勢頭，契機moratorium 暫停，延期償付權much—awaited 盼望已久的multipolar world 多極世界nail down 明確，確定(做法、協議等) neutrality 中立地位nose to nose 面對面的oil—for—food (伊拉克)以石油換食品parity 均勢pay a visit 訪問phenomenal 非凡的ploy 策略，手法political arena 政治舞台power politics 強權政治procrastinate 拖延，耽擱procrastination 拖延，耽擱proviso 附文，附帶條件puzzle 難題quest 追求quota (貿易或移民等方面的)限額reiterate 重申rejuvenate 使恢複活力resolute 堅定的retract 取消(聲明、謊言、意見等)room of manoeuvre 回旋的余地round about 不直截了當的round (會議、談判等)回合run into a snag 遇到意外困難scrupulous 審慎的Showdown 攤牌side—line 副産物snag 殘幹(根、株)，暗礁，(喻)意外障礙，隱伏的困難sovereignty and territory integrality 主權與領土完整sphere of influence 勢力範圍statesmanship 政治家才能sticking problem (談判等的)症結stone-wall (議事中難以逾越的)障礙stumbling block 絆腳石summit 高級會談tacit agreement 默契tacit approval 默認tacit consent 默許tacit 不言而喻的tact 機智take it or leave it 不容討價還價的thorny 棘手的tight—lipped 嘴唇緊閉的，沈默的to be crowned with success 成功地完成了任務troubleshooter (政治、外交等方面)解決麻煩問題的能手troublesome 困難的trumpcard 王牌，最後手段trump (牌戲中的)／E牌，最後手段；出王牌，勝過，打贏twists and turns 迂回曲折unipolar world 單極世界venue 地點waive 放棄，不堅持(權利，要求等) wrangle 爭論，爭辯。

中国外交英语常用词中外建交少不了语言交流，现使用最广泛的语言要数英语了，下面是店铺整理的外交英语常用词，欢迎大家阅读!概述 General Terms多极化 multipolarity国家主权 national sovereignty维持外交关系 maintain diplomatic relations维护世界和平 safeguard world peace武装冲突 armed conflict把自己的意志强加于人impose one’s own will on others霸权主义和强权政治 hegemonism and power politics保卫国家主权和民族资源safeguard national sovereignty and national resources边界现状 status quo of the boundary不附带任何条件never to attach any conditions，with no strings attached不结盟国家/政策 non-aligned countries / policy采取协调行动 take concerted steps常驻代表 permanent representative独联体国家 Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)发展和平友好，平等互利，长期稳定的关系develop relations of peace and friendship , equality and mutual benefit , and prolonged stability高层次，全方位的`对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue 公认的国际关系原则generally-accepted principles of international relations公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a fair and rational new international political and economic order国际关系的准则 norms governing international relations国际关系中最起码的准则rudimentary code of international relations国际惯例 international common practice国家不分大小，应该一律平等All countries , big or small , should be equal捍卫国家主权，领土完整和民族尊严safeguard national sovereignty , territorial integrity , and national dignity和平共处五项原则 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 互谅互让 mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互通有无 exchange of needed goods抗美援朝战争 War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea联络处 liaison office维持外交关系 maintain diplomatic relations维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation维护世界和平 safeguard world peace无中生有 make/create something out of nothing武装冲突 armed conflict削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reduction talks (START)用和平手段解决争端 solve disputes by peaceful means正式照会 formal note中立国 neutral state中美联合公报 Sino-US joint communique互相尊重，求同存异adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences度假外交 holiday-making diplomacy弹性外交elastic diplomacy民间外交 people-to-people diplomacy领土管辖权 territorial jurisdiction领土毗连 territorial contiguity流血冲突 bloody conflict民间外交 people-to-people diplomacy南北对话 South-North dialogue南南合作 South-South cooperation贫穷国家 impoverished nation全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy伸张正义，主持公道 adhere to principles and uphold justice 神圣不可侵犯 sacred and inviolable审视度势 size up the situation诉诸武力或以武力相威胁 resort to the use or threat of force 外交使团 diplomatic mission外交政策的基石cornerstone of a country’s foreign policy 【中国外交英语常用词】。

外交英文词汇1. 哥本哈根会议Copenhagen (climate) conference2. 国际金融危机international financial crisis3. 国际格局international situation4. 国际关系民主化democratization of international relations5. 气候变化climate change6. 能源资源安全energy resources security7. 公共卫生安全public health security8. 峰会外交summit diplomacy9. 世博外交Expo diplomacy10. 前所未有的机遇unprecedented opportunities11. 核心利益core interests12. 分歧和摩擦differences and friction13. 战略互惠关系strategic reciprocal relations14. 区域融合regional integration15. 政治互信political mutual trust16. 务实合作pragmatic cooperation17. 匹兹堡峰会Pittsburg Summit18. G20机制G20 mechanism19. 贸易保护主义trade protectionism20.多哈回合谈判Doha round negotiations21. 中阿合作论坛Forum on China-Africa Cooperation22.施压pressure (直接作及物动词用，后接宾语)23.制裁sanction24.伊朗核问题the nuclear issue of Iran25.上海合作组织Shanghai Cooperation Organization26.毒品走私drug smuggling27. 公众开放日public open day28.外交部Foreign Ministry29.国际劳动妇女节100周年100th anniversary of the International Women’s Day30.取长补短draw o n each other’s strength。

国际关系英语词汇大全掌握国际关系的核心概念国际关系英语词汇大全：掌握国际关系的核心概念国际关系是指各个国家之间的相互联系和交往，涵盖了政治、经济、文化、军事等多个领域。

在国际关系的学习中，熟练掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。

本文将为你提供一个国际关系英语词汇大全，帮助你更好地理解和学习国际关系。

一、政治词汇（Political Vocabulary）1. International relations - 国际关系2. Diplomacy - 外交3. Sovereignty - 主权4. State - 国家5. Government - 政府6. Foreign policy - 外交政策7. Alliance - 联盟8. Diplomat - 外交官9. Negotiation - 谈判10. Treaty - 条约11. Summit - 峰会12. Security - 安全13. Democracy - 民主14. Dictatorship - 独裁15. Regime - 政权二、经济词汇（Economic Vocabulary）1. Globalization - 全球化2. Trade - 贸易3. Exchange rate - 汇率4. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值5. Tariff - 关税6. Subsidy - 补贴7. Free trade - 自由贸易8. Import - 进口9. Export - 出口10. Inflation - 通货膨胀11. Recession - 经济衰退12. IMF (International Monetary Fund) - 国际货币基金组织13. World Bank - 世界银行14. Development aid - 发展援助15. Market economy - 市场经济三、军事词汇（Military Vocabulary）1. Arms race - 军备竞赛2. Nuclear weapons - 核武器3. Military alliance - 军事联盟4. Air strike - 空袭5. Peacekeeping - 维和6. Weapons of mass destruction - 大规模杀伤性武器7. Defense - 防御8. Intelligence - 情报9. Combat - 战斗10. Troops - 部队11. Naval - 海军的12. Air force - 空军13. Military expenditure - 军事开支14. Disarmament - 裁军15. Cyber warfare - 网络战争四、文化词汇（Cultural Vocabulary）1. Cultural exchange - 文化交流2. Cultural diversity - 文化多样性3. Heritage - 遗产4. Tradition - 传统5. Language - 语言6. Customs - 风俗习惯7. Art - 艺术8. Music - 音乐9. Literature - 文学10. Festivals - 节日11. Cuisine - 美食12. Religion - 宗教13. Identity - 身份14. Globalization - 全球化15. Cultural assimilation - 文化同化五、环保词汇（Environmental Vocabulary）1. Climate change - 气候变化2. Global warming - 全球变暖3. Carbon footprint - 碳足迹4. Renewable energy - 可再生能源5. Pollution - 污染6. Deforestation - 森林砍伐7. Conservation - 保护8. Biodiversity - 生物多样性9. Emissions - 排放物10. Ozone layer - 臭氧层11. Sustainable development - 可持续发展12. Greenhouse gases - 温室气体13. Recycling - 回收利用14. Environmental degradation - 环境退化15. Wildlife conservation - 野生动物保护综上所述，掌握国际关系英语词汇对于深入理解和学习国际关系是至关重要的。

国际政治专业词汇（转）来源：肖洋老师的日志概述General Terms多极化multipolarity国家主权national sovereignty维持外交关系maintain diplomatic relations维护世界和平safeguard world peace武装冲突armed conflict把自己的意志强加于人impose one’s own will on others霸权主义和强权政治 hegemonism and power politics保卫国家主权和民族资源 safeguard national sovereignty and national resources边界现状 status quo of the boundary不附带任何条件 never to attach any conditions，with no strings attached不结盟国家/政策 non-aligned countries / policy采取协调行动 take concerted steps常驻代表 permanent representative独联体国家 Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)发展和平友好，平等互利，长期稳定的关系develop relations of peace and friendship , equality and mutual benefit , and prolonged stability高层次，全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue 公认的国际关系原则 generally-accepted principles of international relations公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a fair and rational new international political and economic order 国际关系的准则 norms governing international relations国际关系中最起码的准则 rudimentary code of internationalrelations国际惯例 international commonpractice国家不分大小，应该一律平等All countries , big or small , should be equal捍卫国家主权，领土完整和民族尊严safeguard national sovereignty , territorial integrity , andnational dignity和平共处五项原则 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence互谅互让 mutual understanding andmutual accommodation互通有无 exchange of needed goods抗美援朝战争 War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea联络处 liaison office领土管辖权 territorial jurisdiction领土毗连 territorial contiguity流血冲突 bloody conflict民间外交 people-to-people diplomacy南北对话 South-North dialogue南南合作 South-South cooperation贫穷国家 impoverished nation全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy伸张正义，主持公道 adhere to principles and uphold justice 神圣不可侵犯 sacred and inviolable审视度势 size up the situation诉诸武力或以武力相威胁 resort to the use or threat of force外交使团 diplomatic mission外交政策的基石cornerstone of a country’s foreign policy维持外交关系 maintain diplomatic relations维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation维护世界和平 safeguard world peace无中生有 make/create something out of nothing武装冲突 armed conflict削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reductiontalks （START）用和平手段解决争端 solve disputes by peaceful means正式照会 formal note中立国 neutral state中美联合公报 Sino-US joint communique互相尊重，求同存异adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences度假外交holiday-making diplomacy弹性外交elastic diplomacy民间外交people-to-people diplomacy国际组织Community共同体Caribbean Common Market加勒比共同市场Caribbean community, CARICOM加勒比共同体Central American Market, CACM中美洲共同市场Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, CEAO 西非经济共同体, East African Community, EAC, 东非共同体Economic Community of West AfricanStates, ECOWAS西非国家经济共同体European Common Market欧洲共同市场European Economic Community, EEC欧洲经济共同体French Community法兰西共同体Conference会议Arab Summit Conference阿拉伯首脑会议Conference of Heads of State and Government of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家和政府首脑会议（不结盟国家会议）Assembly of the Heads of State andGovernment of the Organization of AfricanUnity非洲国家和政府会议Conference of Developing Countries (the 77-nation group) 开发中国家会议（七十七国集团）Conference of Heads of State and Government of East and Central African Countries 东非和中非国家元首和政府首脑会议（东非和中非国家首脑会议）Islamic Conference伊斯兰会议Council理事会Asian and Pacific Council, ASPAC亚洲太平洋地区理事会Australia, New Zealand, United StatesTreaty Organization Council, ANZUS澳新美理事会Nordic Council北欧理事会World Peace Council世界和平理事会Confederation联合会International Confederation of Free TradeUnion, ICFTU国际自由工会联合会World Confederation of Labor, WCL世界劳工联合会World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU世界工会联合会World Federation of United NationsAssociations, WFUNA联合国协会世界联合会Association联盟Association of South East AsianNations, ASEAN东南亚国家联盟（东盟）European Broadcasting Union, EBU欧洲广播联盟European Free Trade Association, EFTA欧洲自由贸易联盟International Cooperative Alliance, ICA国际合作社联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU各国议会联盟League of Arab States (Arab League) 阿拉伯国家联盟Western European Union, WEU西欧联盟Association协会Afro-Asian Journalists' Association 亚非新闻工作者协会Afro-Asian Writers' Association 亚非作家协会European Community of Writers欧洲作家协会International Committee of the RedCross, ICRC红十字国际委员会International Organization ofJournalists, IOJ国际新闻工作者协会International Pen国际笔会International Red Cross Conference, IRCC国际红十字大会League of Red Cross Societies, LRCS红十字会协会Universal Esperanto Association, UEA国际世界语协会Bank银行African Development Bank, AFDB非州开发银行Asian Development Bank, ADB亚洲开发银行Caribbean Development Bank, CDB加勒比开发银行European Investment Bank, CDB欧洲投资银行Inter-American Development Bank, IADB美洲开发银行International Bank for Economic Co-operation, IBEC国际经济合作银行Islamic Development Bank, IDB伊斯兰开发银行World Bank世界银行Organization组织Andean Pact Organization (Andean group), ANCOM 安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）European Organization for NuclearResearch, CERN欧洲核研究组织International Radio and TelevisionOrganization, OIRT国际广播电视组织International Telecommunication SatelliteConsortium, INTELSAT国际通讯卫星组织North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO北大西洋公约组织（北约）Organization of African Unity, OAU非洲统一组织Organization of American States, OAS美洲国家组织Organization of Arab Petroleum ExportingCountries, OAPEC阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of central American States中美洲国家组织Organization of the IslamicConference, OCAS伊斯兰会议组织Organization of the Petroleum ExportingCountries, OPEC石油输出国组织（欧佩克）国际关系protectorate（被）保护国asylum庇护;避难forntier region, border region边界地区boundary negotiation边界谈判status quo of the boundary边界现状never to attach any conditions不附带任何条件non-aligned countries不结盟国家patrimonial sea承袭海consultations磋商the third world第三世界imperialism帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights二百海里海洋权developing countries发展中国家dependency附庸国plebiscite公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action共同行动normalization of relations关系正常化an established principle of international law国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters国际水域international situation国际形势merger of states国家合并national boundary国界maritime resources海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无 fundamental rights基本权利 reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担 Near East近东 right of residence居留权 arms dealer , merchant of death 军火商 territorial sea领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围 breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度 territorial air 领空 territorial waters领水inalienability of territory领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权 territorial contiguity 领土毗连 territorial integrity 领土完整 refugee camp 难民营 country of one's residence 侨居国 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯 ecocide 生态灭绝 practical , efficient , economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易 dual nationality 双重国籍 trusteeship 托管制度 outer space 外层空间 sole legal government 唯一合法政府 loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款 colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义 delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息 extradition 引渡 Zionism 犹太复国主义 friendly exchanges 友好往来 disputed areas 有争议的地区 fishery resources 渔业资源political offender政治犯political fugitive政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state, neutral country中立国neutralized state永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation种族隔离genocide种族灭绝sovereign state主权国家exclusive economic zone专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state宗主国suzerainty宗主权to maintain neutrality保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace andfriendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy发展民族经济to peddle munitions贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal.国家不分大小,应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions照顾现实情况。

国际问题专业英语词汇表Absolute/Simple/Relative majority AbolitionismAbsolutismAd hocAdverse shocksAggregation of different interests Agnostic political temper Alleviation of humanitarian disaster Amnesty internationalAnomalous periodsAppeasement policy Appropriation committeeArmisticeArmed confrontationArm to teethArms control~ dealer/merchant of death~ raceArticulation of interests Asymmetric shocks/threat AuthoritarianismAutocracy(The) Axis powersBalance of powerBank liquidityBargaining chipsBehind closed doorsBi (tri-, multi-) lateral relations~ economic cooperation~ tradeBilliard ball gameBipartisan supportBlackmailBlockadeBond market and equity market Bordering subjectsBoundary negotiationBrainchildBraindrain~washBring all positive factors into full play Bring to justice~ fruitionBubble economyBudget surplus~ deficitBuffer zoneBusiness cycle(to) Carve out sphere of influenceCaste societyCatastrophic changeCapital accountCapital accumulationCapital flightCatholic CeasefireCenter-bordering areaCivil rights movementsClash of civilizationCoalition buildingCollective securityColonialism & neo-colonialismCommand economy~ massive media attentionCommon destinyCommunal disintegrationComplete prohibition & thoroughdestruction of nuclear weapons Concessional loan 优惠贷款Conciliatory mannerConflict & compromiseConsent of the governedConservative authoritarianism ConservatismConsociational democracyContested/competitive election 差额选举(equal-number /single-candidate election：等额选举)ConstructionismConsultationsContainment policyContingencyConstitutional monarchy system~ amendmentCosmopolitan communityCosmopolitanismCovenant（盟约）Conventional weaponsConvertible hard currencyCountry of one’s residence Counterbalance Counterproductive crusadeCredible monetary policyCrisis confidenceCross-border organized crime~ transactionCultural hegemonyCultural relicCurrent account(to) Deal a severe blow to DecentralizationDecision making procedureDeep-rooted/seated habitDe facto (de jure)Defense alliance(to) Defer debts(De)CentralizationDelayed repayment of capital & interest DependencyDepression, recessionDeregulated worldDerivative marketDespotism DétenteDeveloped countriesDeveloping ~Underdeveloped ~Less developed ~Direct democracyDisarmament and arms control Discernible national interest Disparity of wealthDispersed structure of power Disputed areasDistribution of benefitsDivision, tension & conflict DomesticationDomestic consensus oninternational objectives Double-edge sword functionDraft treaty 草约Drug smuggling/trafficking/pushingDual nationalityDurable goodsDuring a period of similar duration in Dutiable goods/duty-free goods（应/免税物品）Dysfunctional institutionEarly warning systemEcocideEconomic sanction~ bottom up/out~ take-off~ recessionEco-system disasterEgalitarian divisionElectoral CollegeEmpirical investigationEndangered speciesEpic-making importanceEqual opportunityEquality of economic opportunity Established principle of international law Establishment of diplomatic relationsEthnic cleansing (apartheid)Excess democracyExchange rate mechanismExchange of needed goodsExclusive economic zoneExtensive obligationsExtraditionExtraterritorial rightExtreme alternativesFundamental rightsFair economic competitionFailed paradigmFar-reaching implicationsFascismFeasibility studyFederal expenditureFeminismFinancial constraint~ industry~ sectorFiscal crisis财政危机~ stimulusFlightism（逃跑主义）Fluctuating rateForeign currency reserveForensic mattersForestallForward deployed military strategy Founding fatherFragmentationFree riderFrictionFull employment~ diplomatic relationsFully-fledged powerGenocideGeographical strategyGlobal governanceGlobalizationGross domestic productHead-on confrontationHealth CertificateHegemonic stabilityHeir apparentHolocaustHostile hegemonsHorizontal/Vertical proliferationIdeological hegemony of classical liberalism Incumbent partyIn consideration of the actual conditions IncrementalismIndividualismIntegrationInterest groupsInternationalizationInternational criminal courtInternational status~ waters~ situationIntellectual property rightsInter-bank market Interdisciplinary subjects Indiscriminate killingIndustrial revolutionImminent threat(to) Impose unilateral restrictions on Iron trianglesIrreversible natureLaunch a new initiativeLegacyLeague of NationsLandslide victory/defeatLife laneLip serviceLiquidationism (流寇主义)Low/high policy/politicsMacroeconomic policyMight is rightMainstream cultureMajority tyranny~ ruleMajoritarian democracyManifest destinyMaritime resourcesManeuverMarket accessMatters of mutual interest Maverick geniusMcCarthyismMedium-term objectivesMergers and acquisitionsMigrant workersMilestone/cornerstone/Military-industrial complex Military junta~ regime~ intervention~ encirclement~ build-up~ exercise~provocationMilitary-KeynesianismMonetary stabilityMoney launderingMulti-dimensional chess gameMutual surveillanceMutually exclusive interestsNational power and prestige~ self-determination~ comprehensive strength~ competition strength~ treatment~ referendum~ identity~ sovereignty~ mergeNazismNegative income taxNeo-liberalismNeo-realismNon-aligned movementsNordic countriesNuclear arsenalOil embargoOpportunitistOrthodoxOverseas marketPacifismPanaceaParliamentary democracyParochial prejudice ParticularizationPartisan alignmentsPatrimonial sea (承袭海)Pax-Americana美利坚治下的和平Peaceful handover of power Peacekeeping operationPer capita income/GDPPPP Purchase parity power 购买力平价Peripheral countriesPluralism Policy stasis~ mix~ instrumentsPolitical authority~ attitude~ asylum~ consensus~ consultation~ culture~ democratization~ disequilibrium~ distemper/temper~ elites~ entrepreneurs~ feasibility~ fugitive（政治逃犯）~ institutions~ isolation~ legitimacy/legitimation~ offender（政治犯）~ power~ structure~subversionPolarization of societyPopular movementPopulismPositivismPostindustrial societyPotential security concerns~ adversaryPower politics 大国政治Precision-guided bombsPredominant opinionPreemptive strikePremature conclusionPress conference 新闻发布会Primitive capital accumulationPrivate sector~ propertyProliferation of weapons of mass destruction Prospective customersProtestantPublic goods theory~ sector (private ~)Pure fabrication~ realpolitikQuarantine Office (检疫所)Racial discriminationRational allocation of resources Rationalism 理性主义Real/constant dollarReal estate speculationRecipientRegional conflict 地区冲突~ economic cooperation 地区经济合作Regionalization 地区化Regular consultationsRegulatory bureaucracyRehabilitation CenterRepressive regimeRevisionismRights and obligationsRotating chairmanSacred and inviolable rightScale economyScapegoatSecondary marketSecret ballotSeek a fair and reasonable solution Segmented marketSelf-fulfilling prophecySelf-imposed obligationSeparation of powerService the debt(to) shape the policy agendaShock therapyShort-term deficitSkepticsSlim majority in favorSlippery conceptSocial bargain~ buffer~ infrastructureSocialization(to) Solve disputes by peaceful means Spillover effectSpecial-operations forcesStaff writer 特约撰稿人Staggered electionStaple food 主食StanceStanding army~ committee(to) Start from scratchState/private sectorState/national sovereigntyStatic pie/growing pieStatus quo power (potential power) Strategic defense 战略防御~ intention~ reserve~ position~ key areaStreamlineStructural unemploymentSubmerged convictionSummit meetingSunk costSupply-side economySupranational community Suspension of negotiationsSustained/sustainable development mode Swap marketSynchronous business circlesSystem overloadTangible assetTax evasion/cut/reduction/revenue Technocrat governanceTelepathyTerritorial air~ contiguity~ dispute~ integrity~ jurisdiction~ sea~ waterslimits of ~breadth of ~Territorial and power ambition Territory properTerritorial seaTertiary industry TotalitarianTrading blocTransaction cost(to) Trigger a chain reaction Triple Entente 三国协约Twofold realizationUltimatumUnconditional surrender Universally recognized norms UniversalizationUpward social mobility~ redistribution of wealth UtilitarianismUtterly destituteVested interestV oice voteVirtuous/vicious cycleWin-win propositionZero-sum gameWaves of labor displacement ~ of business cycleXenophobiaYear-on-year growth Zionism外交机构/事务专有名词Announcement宣言Appointed ambassador to Bretton Woods Pact CommuniquéCommercial counselor’s office Consulate-general ConsulateCircular noteDe jure recognition De facto recognitionCertificate of appointmentDeclaration, manifestoDiplomatic practice~ bag, pouch（外交邮袋）~ channels~ courier（外交信使）~ envoy mission~ immunities~ personnel~ policy~ practice（外交惯例）~ privileges~ rank~ representative~ strategyBalance of power diplomacyCultural ~Energy ~Head of the state ~Human rights ~Multilateral ~During one’s absenceMinistry of Foreign AffairsEmbassy（大使馆）Legation (公使馆)Consulate-general (总领事馆)ConsulateOffice of the charge d’affaires (代办处) Accredited to …ambassador (extraordinary & plenipotentiary) 向…派（特命全权）大使Minister-counselor charge d’affaires（公使衔参赞）Military attache’s office (武官处) Commercial counselor’s office （商务处）Press section; information service （新闻处）Protocol Department (礼宾司)Information Department（新闻司）Press section, information serviceLiaison office (联络处)Ad hoc committee（特别委员会）Interim committee（临时委员会）Appropriate body（主管机构）Auxiliary body（辅助机构）Interim counselor （临时代办）Consul-general（总领事）Doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps（外交使团团长）Roving ambassador（巡回大使）Ambassador-at-large（无任所大使）Special envoy（特使）Charge d’affaire （代办）Attache （随员）Permanent representative（常任/常驻代表）Alternate; deputy; substitute（副代表）Plenipotentiary（全权代表）Chief delegate（首席代表）Observer（观察员）Military/naval/air attaché（陆/海/空武官）His (Her, Your) Majesty（陛下）His (Her, Your) Excellency（阁下）His (Her, Your) Royal Highness（殿下）Exequatur（驻在国发给领事或商务人员的）许可证书Formal noteForeign affairsLetter of appointmentLetter of credence, credentials（国书）Memorandum, aidememoire（备忘录）Letter of introductionLetter of recall（召回公文）Mutual recognitionNormalizationTerms of reference（职权范围）Formal note（正式照会）Verbal note（普通照会）Circular note（通知照会）Summary record（摘要记录）Verbatim record（逐字记录）Persona non-grat（不受欢迎的人）Persona grata（受欢迎的人）StatementAn absolute majority（绝对多数）Simple majority（简单多数）Relative majority（相对多数）Qualified majority（特定多数）To serve as……in rotation（轮流担任）To develop the national economy To develop relations of peace & friendship, equality & mutualbenefit & prolonged stabilityTo establish consular relations建立领事关系To establish normal state relationsTo exchange ambassadors互换大使To make representations to,to take up a (the) matter with（向…交涉）To lodge a protest with（向……提出抗议）To express regret（表示遗憾）To take exception to; to object to（提出异议）An atmosphere of cordiality（诚挚友好的气氛）To make up for each other’s deficienciesTo negotiate thru diplomatic channelsTo peddle munitionsTo proceed to take up one’s post（赴任）To assume one’s post（就任）To resume charge of the office/to return to one’s post（返任）To present one’s credentialsTo request the consent ofTo resume charge of the office,to return to one’s postTo resume diplomatic relationsat ambassadorial levelTo review the guard of honor（检阅仪仗队）To safeguard national sovereignty & resources To safeguard national independence &the integrity of sovereigntyTo safeguard world peaceTo seek a fair & & reasonable solutionTo sever diplomatic relationsTo solve disputes by peaceful meansTo suspend/sever diplomatic relationsTo take concerted stepsTo take exception to, to object toTo undertake obligations in respectof the nuclear-free zoneTo upgrade diplomatic relationsTo be shocked to learn of（惊悉）To be distressed by the unhappy news of; to be deeply grieved by（恸悉）Welcoming banquet欢迎宴Reciprocal banquetReceptionCocktail partyLuncheon（午宴）All countries, big or small, should be equal.国际关系Fishery resourcesFriendly exchangesFrontier region, border region Fundamental rightsInalienability of territory（领土不可割让）Joint actionLoans with no or low interest无息贷款Maritime resourcesMerger of statesMutual understanding &mutual accommodationNational boundaryNeutral state/countrySponsor country（发起国）Host country（东道国）Inviting country（邀请国）Never to attach any conditions Normalization of relationsOuter spacePatrimonial seaPeople-to-people contacts & exchanges Plebiscite（公民投票）ProtectoratePractical, efficient, economical & convenient for use200 nautical-mile maritime rights Reduction or cancellation of debts Refugee campRight of residenceRudimentary code of international relations Secretariat（秘书处）Sole legal governmentStatus quo of the boundarySuzerain stateSuzeraintyTrusteeship 和平共处the five Principles of Peaceful coexistence mutual respect for sovereignty &territorial integritymutual non-aggressionnon-interference in each other’sinternal affairsequality & mutual benefitpeaceful coexistence国际组织ASEANAsian & Pacific CouncilCaribbean Common Market/Community Central American MarketCommunityConference of Heads of State & Government of the Organization of African Unity Conference of Developing Countries(the 77-nation group)International Confederation ofFree Trade UnionInternational Court of JusticeInternational Organization of Journalists International Red Cross ConferenceInter-Parliamentary UnionLeague of Red Cross SocietiesWorld Peace CouncilWorld Confederation of LaborNordic Council活在美国：你得知道，海外学历的英语表达方法ACCAC威尔士学历管理、教学大纲与评估委员会AICE国际高级教育证书A-level中学高级水平考试ARELS(Association of Recognised English Language Services)英语语言认证教学机构联合会AS-level中学准高级水平考试BA（Bachelor of Arts）文学学士BAC(British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education)英国私立延续教育及高等教育认证委员会BALEAP(British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes)英国学术英语讲师协会BASELT(British Association of State English Language Teaching)英国公立英语语言教学机构协会BATQI(British Association of TESOL Qualifying Institutions)英国英语教学合格院校联合会B.Eng (Bachelor of Engineering)工程学士B.Sc.（Bachelor of Science）理学学士BTEC（Business and Technology Education Council）工商及技术教育委员会CCEA(Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum,Examinations and Assessment)北爱尔兰教学大纲、考试与评估委员会CIFE（Conference for Independent Further Education）私立延续教育联合会COSHEP（The Committee of Scottish Higher Education Principals）苏格兰高等教育校长委员会CVCP（Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals）大学校长委员会DENI (Department of Education Northern Ireland)北爱尔兰教育部DfEE(Department for Education and Employment)教育与就业部D.Phil(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士EAP（English for Academic Purposes）学术英语EAQUALS(European Association for Quality Language Service)欧洲语言教学质量服务机构EiBA( English in Britain Accreditation Scheme)英国英语认证计划EEA(European Economic Area)欧洲经济区EIS（Education In????ation Service）教育信息服务处ELSIS（English Language Service for International Students）外国学生英语语言教学ELT(English Language Training)英语语言培训ESL(English as a Second Language)英语外语教学ESP(English for Specific Purposes)专用英语FE（Further Education)延续教育GCSE（General Certificate of Secondary Education）普通中等教育证书GMAT(General Management Admission Test)管理专业入学考试GNVQ（General National Vocational Qualification）全国通用职业资格GSVQ（General Scottish Vocational Qualification）苏格兰通用职业资格GTTR（Graduate Teacher Training Registry）毕业教师培训注册处HE（Higher Education）高等教育HEFCE（Higher Education Funding Council for England）英格兰高等教育基金管理委员会HEFCW（Higher Education Funding Council for Wales）威尔士高等教育基金管理委员会HND（Higher National Diploma）国家高等教育文凭IB（International Baccalaureate）国际高中毕业考试IELTS（International English Language Testing System）国际英语语言测试系统(简称雅思)ISC（Independent Schools Council）私立学校委员会IGCSE(International GCSE)国际普通中等教育证书Independent Schools Council私立学校委员会ISIS（Independent Schools In????ation Service）私立学校信息服务处LCCI（London Chamber of Commerce & Industry）伦敦工商会LEA（Local Education Authority）地方教育局LLM(Master of Law) 法学硕士MA（Master of Arts）文学硕士MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士M.Chem(Master of Chemistry)化学硕士M.Ed(Master of Education)教育硕士M.Eng. (Master of Engineering)工程硕士M.Phil.(Master of Philosophy)研究硕士M.Phys(Master of Physics)物理硕士M.Sc.(Master of Science)理学硕士M.Res.(Master of Research)研究硕士M.Sci(Master of Science)理学硕士（本科水平）NARIC(National Academic Recognition In????ation Centre)全国学术认证信息中心NHS(National Health Service)国民保健体系NISS(National In????ation Services and Systems)全国信息服务系统NUS(National Union of Students)全国学生联合会NVQ(National Vocational Qualification)全国职业证书ODA(Overseas Development Administration)海外发展管理局OFSTED(Office for Standards in Education)教育标准办公室PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)教育学研究生证书PAM (Professions Allied to Medicine)医学有关职业PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)（教育学研究生文凭）PG Cert(Postgraduate Certificate)研究生文凭PG Dip.(Postgraduate Diploma)研究生文凭Ph.D.(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士QAA(Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)高等教育质量保障局QCA(Qualifications and Curriculum Authority)教学大纲和学历管理委员会RAE(Research Assessment Exercise)科研水平评估SCE(Scottish Certificate of Education)苏格兰教育证书SEED(Scottish ????utive Education Department)苏格兰执行教育部SCE (Scottish Certificate of Education )苏格兰教育证书SHEFC(Scottish Higher Education Funding Council)苏格兰高等教育基金管理委员会SQA(Scottish Qualifications Authority)苏格兰学历管理委员会SVQ(Scottish Vocational Qualifications)苏格兰职业资格TQA( Teaching Quality Assessment)教学质量评估TEFL(Teaching English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语教学TAE(Teaching Assessment Exercise)教学质量评估TESOL (Teaching English to Speakersof Other Language )面向母语为非英语者的英语教学课程TOEFL(Test of English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语考试（简称托福）TOEIC (Test of English forInternational Communication)国际英语考试UCAS((Universities and CollegesAdmission Service)高等院校招生办公室UKCOSA (The Council forInternational Education)英国国际教育委员11。

爱国统一战线：patriotic united front澳门特别行政区：Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR)八荣八耻：eight-honor and eight-shame (eight honors & eight disgraces)以热爱祖国为荣，honor to those who love the motherland, and shame on以危害祖国为耻those who harm the motherland以服务人民为荣，honor to those who serve the people, and shame on those以背离人民为耻who betray the people以崇尚科学为荣，honor to those who quest for science, and shame on those以愚昧无知为耻who refuse to be educated以辛勤劳动为荣，honor to those who are hard-working, and shame to those以好逸恶劳为耻who indulge in comfort and hate work以团结互助为荣，honor to those who help each other, and shame on those以损人利己为耻who seek gains at the expense of others以诚实守信为荣，honor to those who are honest and trustworthy, and shame on以见利忘义为耻those who trade integrity for profits以遵纪守法为荣，honor to those who abide by law and discipline, and shame on以违法乱纪为耻those who break laws and disciplines以艰苦奋斗为荣，honor to those who uphold plain living and hard struggle, and以骄奢淫逸为耻shame on those who wallow in extravagance and pleasures把各项政策落到实处：truly put all policies into effect把握大局：grasp the overall situation 闭关政策：closed-door policy百年大计：a long-term undertaking保持共产党员先进性：keep CPC members progressive, innovative and forward-thinking保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识和历史责任感：remain sober-minded, become more Aware of potential problems and enhance our sense of historical responsibility奔小康：strive for a relatively comfortable life避嫌：avoid doing anything that may arouse suspicion不搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”：refrain from building “vanity projects” that waste bothmoney and manpower不搞一刀切：refrain from taking a uniform/one-size-fits-all approach to different situations不记名投票：secret ballot不信任投票：vote of non-confidence不折腾：no self-defeating campaigns (no Z-turn)参与意识：desire to participate; sense of participation参政、议政：participation in the administration and discussion of state affairs参政党：parties participating in the management of state affairs; parties participating in the government dicision-making process差额投票：differential voting差额选举：competitive election拆台：let somebody down; cut the ground from under someone’s feet长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共：long-term coexistence, mutual Supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal and woe长治久安：a long period of stability; prolonged political stability。

protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用，有效，廉价，方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of thenuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况。