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I have had my lunch. 注：这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语，因
此称单宾及物动词，一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些
情况下，状语必不可少，这就引出了下列句型：
△ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语：
He put the vase on the table.
Jim brought his suitcases upstairs.
3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：
She is reading a novel.
You may have seen each other.
He is doing morning exercises.
This factory makes machine tools.
Mary has ordered a new dress.
I’ll return you the book tomorrow. → I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. She made a new dress for Mary. → She made Mary a new dress4.
注③：第一类可以改为由 to 引导的短语；第二类可以改为由 for
2．主语 + 谓语：
The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe, drink and eat. 注：这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可缺 少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这 就引出了下列句型：
1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合 结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类，如：
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking.
引导的短语。
注④：间接宾语用介词词组表示的场合：
a. 对间接宾语加以强调时：
I’ve bought it for you, not for myself.
I’ll hand this letter to the secretary and not to the director.
b. 当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：
We have proved him wrong. What make you think so? She found the child fast asleep. I called him a fool. 注：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些复合宾语及物动词。
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句子成分
一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：
△ 主语 + 谓语 + 状语：
The meeting lasted for two hours. We walked for five miles. This box weighs five kilos. He lives in Guangzhou.
2
They will be flying to London.
Two will be enough.
Living in that island country for three months was an unforgetable
experience for me.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.
I’ll take Mary to the station.
They treated him kindly.
3
4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：
She made herself a new dress. My father bought me a novel. Pass me the salt, please. 注①：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词， 它们可以分为两类： 第一类：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, tell, hand, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, owe, refuse等。 第二类：make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。 注②：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意 思上没有什么差别：
基本句型
1
1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语：
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft. This is where I work.
Who did you send it to?
To him I told the story, not to his brother.
e. 当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时：
He gave it to me.
I’ll lend them to you.
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5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
“A” is an article.
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二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1. 名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 形容词；5. 分词；6. 动名词；7. 不 定式；8. 副词；9. 介词短语；10. 词组；11. 从句，如：
I’ll send it to you tomorrow.
You’d better hand it directly to the headmaster.
picture to the students sitting near her.
d. 当间接宾语置于句首时：
