Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol. . .A Versatile High-Performance PolymerTMPolyvinyl AlcoholCelanese ChemicalsA business of Celanese AGTextilesBuilding ProductsTextiles Specialty ApplicationsAdhesivesPaperBased in Dallas, Texas, Celanese Chemicals consists of the Acetyls and Chemical Intermediates segments of Celanese AG. Celanese AG()is a global chemi-cals company with leading positions in its key products and world-class process technology. The Celanese port-folio consists of five main businesses; Acetyl Products, Intermediates, Acetate Products, Technical Polymers Ticona and Performance Products. The Performance Products business con-sists of OPP polypropylene films, sweeteners and food ingredients.As part of its Acetyl Products chain,Celanese Chemicals produces a fullline of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)resins. Important end-use markets forPVOH include textiles, adhesives,paper, building products, and specialtyapplications.1ABOUT THE COMPANY POL YVINYL ALCOHOL BUSINESSCelvol polyvinyl alcohols are produced at our two worldscale plants, including this one atCalvert City, Kentucky.Celanese Chemicals produces and sells one of the most complete lines of polyvinyl alcohol in the world. Since the introduction of Celvol TM polyvinyl alcohol, we have developed a high level of expertise in both the produc-tion and use of PVOH.Our manufacturing plants in Calvert City, Kentucky and Pasadena, Texas employ advanced computer controlled production technology to ensure poly-vinyl alcohol of the highest quality.The combined capacity of the two plants makes Celanese Chemicals a leading global merchant supplier of polyvinyl alcohol.Celanese Chemicals’ commitment to polyvinyl alcohol is especially evident in our research and applicationssupport activities. We have one of the largest technical service, product application, and analytical services groups in the world. Research and application development is carried out at our facilities in Houston, Texas and Greenville, South Carolina. Celanese also has a global sales force located in offices worldwide to respond more quickly to the needs of our customers.2RENEWEDCOMMITMENT TO THE POL YVINYL ALCOHOL MARKETFully equipped laboratories provide a wide range of research and applications support activities.Our Pasadena, Texas, production facility (shown here) and our Calvert City plant both utilizestate-of-the-art process technology.Celanese Chemicals is committed to continued quality improvements. This commitment starts at executive levels and extends throughout the organization. The quality improve-ments apply not only to actual prod-uct issues, but also to service and support issues as well.Statistical quality control (SQC) programs were initially implemented at our Calvert City, Kentucky, facility in 1980. These programs evolved into statistical process control (SPC) schemes, that began in the 1988time frame.Today, Celanese Chemicals’polyvinyl alcohol plants utilize advanced computer controlled pro-duction technology, providing polyvinyl alcohol of the highest qual-ity. Sophisticated SQC and SPC sys-tems produce excellent lot-to-lot consistency and product uniformity. And, in a continuing commitment to total quality, our plants in Calvert City, Kentucky, and Pasadena, Texas, are ISO 9002 certified – a definition of quality that’s recognized and respected worldwide.Celvol polyvinyl alcohol is manufac-tured from vinyl acetate monomervia a multistep process. VAM is poly-merized into polyvinyl acetate andthen converted to polyvinyl alcohol(see process schematic below).Standard GradesIndividual Celvol polyvinyl alcoholgrades vary in molecular weight anddegree of hydrolysis. Molecular weightis generally expressed in terms ofsolution viscosity. The viscosities areclassified as ultra low, low, mediumand high, while degree of hydrolysisis commonly denoted as super, fully,intermediate and partially hydrolyzed.A wide range of standard gradesis available.Specialty GradesIn addition to Celanese Chemicals’standard product line, several spe-cialty grades are available includingpolyvinyl alcohol for emulsion poly-merization, fine particle size andtackified grades.■Celvol 805, 823 and 840 polyvinylalcohols are improved versions ofour standard polymerization grades—Celvol 205, 523 and 540 polyvinylalcohols, respectively. These productsoffer a number of advantages inemulsion polymerization applicationsincluding improved water solubilityand lower foaming.■Celvol polyvinyl alcohol S-gradesare similar to standard grades, buthave a fine particle size so that 99+%of the product will pass through aU.S.S. 80-mesh screen. These gradesare available commercially as Celvol203S, 205S, 523S and 540S polyvinylalcohols. Due to their fine particle size,S-grades have a tendency to agglomer-ate and form soft compression lumpsduring storage. These soft compressionlumps will usually break apart uponfurther processing – such as dry blend-ing with inorganics like calcium car-bonate, gypsum and cement.■Tackified Celvol polyvinyl alcoholsare produced by controlled borationof super hydrolyzed and fully hydro-lyzed grades. These borated alcoholsyield viscous aqueous solutionswhich have a tailored degree of tackand, when applied onto surfacessuch as paper, significantly reducepenetration.COMMITMENT TO QUALITY CEL VOL POL YVINYLALCOHOLPRODUCT LINE3Celvol polyvinyl alcohols have many characteristics which make themuseful in a wide range of applications.By choosing among the many Celvol polyvinyl alcohol grades available, it is possible to obtain the performance properties required for your specific applications – such as water solubility,abrasion resistance, tensile strength,adhesive and bonding properties,grease or oil resistance and filmforming qualities. Our highly skilled technical service group can help you with Celvol polyvinyl alcohol grade selection.Physical PropertiesCelvol polyvinyl alcohol combines high tensile strength with ease of film formation. Additionally, Celvol poly-vinyl alcohol exhibits excellentadhesive and bonding characteristics.Partially hydrolyzed grades have better adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces.The degree of hydrolysis affects the water sensitivity of both the resin and film. Water resistance increases with increasing hydrolysis. The super hydrolyzed grades should be used when maximum water resistance and humidity resistance are desired.Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are generally unaffected by greases,petroleum hydrocarbons and animal or vegetable oils. Resistance to organic solvents increases with the degree of hydrolysis. Celvol polyvinyl alcohol film can be plasticized with glycerol or the lower molecular weight glycols.These materials generally act ashumectants, holding water in the film.The relationship between viscosity and concentration of aqueous Celvol polyvinyl alcohol solutions at 20 °C is shown in the graph on page 7.4CEL VOL POL YVINYL ALCOHOL CHARACTERISTICSChemical ReactionsPolyvinyl alcohol reacts in a manner similar to other secondary polyhydric alcohols. Esterification reactions of polyvinyl alcohol can be carried out with a number of compounds. A commercially important reaction is the formation of tackified PVOH using boric acid or borax to form cyclic esters. This reaction is very sensitive to pH, and an insoluble gel is formed above 4.5-5.0.Other esterification reactions include those with chloroformate esters to yield poly(vinyl carbonate), urea to yield a polymeric carbamate ester, and with isocyanates to form substituted carbamate esters.Another commercially important reaction is acetalization with aldehydes. Polyvinyl butyral is produced bythe reaction of polyvinyl alcoholwith butyraldehyde and is used in the production of the inner adhesive film for safety glass. Reaction with dialdehydes such as glyoxal or gluter-aldehyde can be used to crosslink polyvinyl alcohol. Other reactions include ethoxylation, propoxylation and cyanoethylation.CrosslinkingAll polyvinyl alcohol grades arecrosslinkable through their secondaryhydroxyl functionality. Even lowerhydrolysis grades – which are soexceptional on paper surfaces for oil,grease and organic solvent resistanceand Gurley porosity – can be madewater resistant. Degrees of waterresistance vary from grade to grade.The table below shows the effect ofglyoxal, a commonly used and favoredcrosslinker for polyvinyl alcohol.When glyoxal was added to Celvolgrades 540, 350 and 165 polyvinylalcohol at 20% dry-on-dry, significantwater resistance improvementsresulted. Note that the wet tensile ofCelvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol increasedfrom no measurable wet strengthuncrosslinked to 6.1 pli whencrosslinked. Also, the wet tensileof crosslinked Celvol 350 polyvinylalcohol was more than double thatof uncrosslinked Celvol 350, andcrosslinked Celvol 165 polyvinylalcohol was 28% higher thanuncrosslinked Celvol 165.A vast array of crosslinkers orinsolubilizers are available. Theyinclude several classes: (1) aldehydes,of which glyoxal, a simple dialdehyde,is the most common, along with higheraldehydes, such as gluteraldehyde andhydroxyadipaldehyde; (2) thermoset-ting resins, such as urea-formaldehydeand melamineformaldehyde; and (3)salts of multi-valent anions, such aszirconium ammonium carbonates.More recently, there has emergeda growing interest in zero-formalde-hyde, or low-formaldehyde-typecrosslinkers. Two such productsare Polycup 172, a water soluble,polyamide-epichlorohydrin-type resin,and Bacote-20, a zirconium ammo-nium carbonate salt. The results in thetable below indicate that the additionof Polycup 172 to Celvol 165 polyvinylalcohol at 5% dry/dry parts was aseffective as glyoxal added at 20%, bothresulting in a 26% wet tensileimprovement. The addition of 5%Bacote-20 resulted in an 11% wettensile improvement.5CEL VOL POL YVINYL ALCOHOLTYPICAL PROPERTIES67Please refer to your Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for information on the safe use and handling of Celvol polyvinyl alcohol, including toxicity,fire and explosion hazards, and envi-ronmental effects. An MSDS can be obtained by contacting our Product Literature Center at 1-817-685-5600 or online at .FDA CompliancePolyvinyl alcohol is used in many food contact applications including food packaging adhesives and coatings for paper and paperboard. For more specific information on the FDA status of any of our grades, please contact our Product Information Center at 1-866-284-0927.8SAFETY , HEALTHAND ENVIRONMENTALSolubility is a good gauge of quality in polyvinyl alcohol. Celanese Chemicals’ manufacturing process provides extremely high quality polyvinyl alcohol.9For a complete description of thevarious methods for preparing Celvolsolutions, please refer to our SolutionPreparation Guideline brochure(Pub #2001-PVOH-1060). Following isa list of important highlights:■S-grades (fine particle size) aredesigned for use in dry blends withinorganic substances such as calciumcarbonate, gypsum and cement. (Theseblends are typically mixed with waterat the job site). We recommendS-grades not be cooked as they tend toclump when added directly to water.■Celvol polyvinyl alcohols shouldfirst be dispersed in cold or roomtemperature water using sufficientagitation to uniformly suspend allparticles. (As a general rule, thesurface of the water should bemoving vigorously.)■Addition rates, solids and cook outtemperatures vary by grade as illus-trated on the adjacent chart. For bestresults, do not exceed maximum solids.■Elevate solution temperature to rec-ommended levels (185–205 °F/85–96 °C) and hold for 30 minutes.■Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are insolution after cooking and can beused at any temperature.While the cooking process isstraightforward, please be awareof the following pitfalls:■There is a high risk of lumping ifpolyvinyl alcohol is added topreheated water. Lumps are verydifficult to cook out.■All tanks and lines must be free ofborax to avoid coagulation.■Tanks should have baffles andflush bottom valves to avoid deadspots where polyvinyl alcoholparticles can agglomerate.■Failure to reach the minimumtemperature may result in undissolvedpolyvinyl alcohol regardless of cooktime.■Celvol polyvinyl alcohols cannot be overcooked. However, boiling will induce foam.■Avoid high speed, small diameter mixers which may induce air entrain-ment and create foam. Further, they may not provide sufficient agitation to the sides of the tank allowing polyvinyl alcohol particles to settle out and not dissolve.■ A defoamer is generally recom-mended. Several grades, including Celvols 805, 823, 840, WS-724 and WS-53NF are designed to be used without a defoamer.■If solutions are kept for more than 24 hours, a biocide addition is recommended.Celvol polyvinyl alcohols may be jet cooked. However, unlike starch which explodes rapidly into colloidal sized fragments in a steam jet, Celvol poly-vinyl alcohols will dissolve slowly by shedding layers. Maximizing time in the post-jet residence coils and providing a holding tank for the polyvinyl alcohol solution after the coils will ensure complete solubility. A 15 minute hold time at 200 °F is recommended.CEL VOL POL YVINYL ALCOHOL SOLUTION PREPARATIONCelvol polyvinyl alcohols are widely used in the textile industry for warp sizing. 1011Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are widelyused for textile warp sizing . Celvolpolyvinyl alcohol films exhibit highabrasion resistance, elongation, ten-sile strength and flexibility. Partiallyhydrolyzed grades, which possessincreased polyester adhesion, can leadto superior abrasion resistance andweavability. Additionally, partiallyhydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols willdesize far easier than other gradesproviding numerous benefits in textilefinishing operations.Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are alsoused by the paper industry for surfacesizing and coating. Polyvinyl alcoholsignificantly improves grease, solventand water resistance as well as webstrength. Celvol products are alsowell suited as binders in pigmentedcoatings systems and as carriers foroptical brighteners.In adhesive formulations, Celvolpolyvinyl alcohols can function asthe primary binder or a compoundingagent. They bond particularly wellto cellulosic surfaces and offerimproved water resistance, strength,and resistance to grease and otherpetroleum hydrocarbons.Polymerizers also find Celvolpolyvinyl alcohols valuable as adispersing/stabilizing agent. Theybehave primarily as a protective colloidand often enhance the emulsifyingaction at very low concentrations.The variable characteristics availablein the extensive product line permitthe use of Celvol polyvinyl alcoholsin a wide variety of other industrialapplications such as a temporarybinder for ceramics, water solublefilms, strippable coatings and non-wovens. The products also find use invarious building products such as jointcements and tile mortars.Information on the uses of Celvolpolyvinyl alcohol products, orassistance with new applications,is available from our technical service staff. The product applications matrixon the next page shows the broad range of applications that are feasible for the various Celvol grades.For polyvinyl alcohol information related to specific applications please visit our website at orcontact 1-817-685-5600 to request the appropriate brochure. Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol – A versa-tile polymer for adhesives applications (Pub #2002-PVOH-1020).Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol – A versa-tile performer in paper and paperboardapplications (Pub #2002-PVOH-1030).Products for Textiles (Pub #2002-PVOH-1050).Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol in Emulsion Polymerization (Pub #2002-PVOH-1010).Celvol Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution Preparation Guidelines (Pub #2002-PVOH-1060).APPLICATIONSIn the paper industry, Celvol products find use in sizing and coatings applications.In adhesive formulations, Celvol products function as primary binders or compounding agents.Celvol polyvinyl alcohols are used in emulsion andsuspension polymerization applications.PRODUCT LINE APPLICATION MATRIX12International OfficesEurope:Celanese Chemicals Europe GmbH Lurgiallee 14D-60439 Frankfurt am MainGermanyTel +49 (0)69-305-1 33 00Fax +49 (0)69-30-91 79Mexico/Latin America:Celanese Mexicana S.A. de C.V. Tecoyotitla 412Col. Ex-Hacienda de Guadelupe Chimalistac 01050 Mexico, D.F.Tel +52-55-5480-9100Fax +52-55-5480-9145Asia:Celanese Pte Ltd.501 Orchard Road#11-01 Wheelock PlaceSingapore 238880Tel +65-733-17 67Fax +65-733-12 67North America:Celanese Chemicals1601 West LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234-6034 Tel +1-866-284-0927 Fax +1-972-443-4945This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guar-anteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.。
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